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Jiao W, Martinez M, Muntnich CB, Zuber J, Parks C, Obradovic A, Tian G, Wang Z, Long KD, Waffarn E, Frangaj K, Jones R, Gorur A, Shonts B, Rogers K, Lv G, Velasco M, Ravella S, Weiner J, Kato T, Shen Y, Fu J, Sykes M. Dynamic establishment of recipient resident memory T cell repertoire after human intestinal transplantation. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:105028. [PMID: 38422982 PMCID: PMC10944178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding formation of the human tissue resident memory T cell (TRM) repertoire requires longitudinal access to human non-lymphoid tissues. METHODS By applying flow cytometry and next generation sequencing to serial blood, lymphoid tissue, and gut samples from 16 intestinal transplantation (ITx) patients, we assessed the origin, distribution, and specificity of human TRMs at phenotypic and clonal levels. FINDINGS Donor age ≥1 year and blood T cell macrochimerism (peak level ≥4%) were associated with delayed establishment of stable recipient TRM repertoires in the transplanted ileum. T cell receptor (TCR) overlap between paired gut and blood repertoires from ITx patients was significantly greater than that in healthy controls, demonstrating increased gut-blood crosstalk after ITx. Crosstalk with the circulating pool remained high for years of follow-up. TCR sequences identifiable in pre-Tx recipient gut but not those in lymphoid tissues alone were more likely to populate post-Tx ileal allografts. Clones detected in both pre-Tx gut and lymphoid tissue had distinct transcriptional profiles from those identifiable in only one tissue. Recipient T cells were distributed widely throughout the gut, including allograft and native colon, which had substantial repertoire overlap. Both alloreactive and microbe-reactive recipient T cells persisted in transplanted ileum, contributing to the TRM repertoire. INTERPRETATION Our studies reveal human intestinal TRM repertoire establishment from the circulation, preferentially involving lymphoid tissue counterparts of recipient intestinal T cell clones, including TRMs. We have described the temporal and spatial dynamics of this active crosstalk between the circulating pool and the intestinal TRM pool. FUNDING This study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) P01 grant AI106697.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Jiao
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Mercedes Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Constanza Bay Muntnich
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julien Zuber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher Parks
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aleksandar Obradovic
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guangyao Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katherine D Long
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Waffarn
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kristjana Frangaj
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alaka Gorur
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brittany Shonts
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kortney Rogers
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Monica Velasco
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shilpa Ravella
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua Weiner
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tomoaki Kato
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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Elmaghraby M, Abrar S, Kanangi SMR, Parks C, Duncan C, Richardson D, Sinha A. Raine's syndrome: rare disease from neurosurgical perspective. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:11-17. [PMID: 37819507 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-06174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Raine's syndrome (RS) is a rare genetic disorder. Only 25 cases are in literature. Occurs due to genetic mutation resulting in deranged bone metabolism. Few cases are reported discussing the neurosurgical ramifications of the disease. We report a child diagnosed with RS. He was presented with multisutural synostosis requiring craniofacial intervention with two vault expansions. Additionally, required VP shunt due to hydrocephalus. We consider our case unique among reports of RS, as our patient has survived for 10. He died due to valve obstruction of the VP shunt. We also present a review of relevant medical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Elmaghraby
- Neurosurgery Department, Alder Hey Children Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
- Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sahibzada Abrar
- Neurosurgery Department, Alder Hey Children Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Christian Duncan
- Neurosurgery Department, Alder Hey Children Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Richardson
- Neurosurgery Department, Alder Hey Children Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ajay Sinha
- Neurosurgery Department, Alder Hey Children Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Edwards-Bailey L, Piggott K, Dalton L, Horton J, Parks C, White S, Wright G, Kearney A. The Craniofacial Collaboration UK: Developmental Outcomes in 7- and 10-Year-Old Children With Metopic Synostosis. J Craniofac Surg 2024; 35:96-103. [PMID: 38294298 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The Craniofacial Collaboration (CC-UK) is a shared initiative across the Psychology teams attached to 4 highly specialized craniofacial centers in the United Kingdom. The CC-UK aims to address key limitations in the existing craniofacial literature by analyzing data for homogenous samples of children with craniosynostosis. This article presents the fifth wave of CC-UK data collection, focused on 7- and 10-year olds who have undergone primary corrective surgery for metopic synostosis (MS). Data for children with sagittal synostosis and MS have previously been presented at 3 and 5 years. This paper continues to build on this with consideration to older age groups, presenting the first CC-UK analysis of cognitive assessment data using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-Second Edition. Results show that the majority of children with MS fall within the average ranges across behavioral and neurodevelopmental domains. However, several domains indicated a trend of heightened concern when compared with normative data, particularly for parent-reported outcomes, suggesting that there may be some subtle difficulties for children with MS. Consideration of how these findings compare with that of previous CC-UK analyses is explored. Further, implications for clinical practice and future research are considered, with the need for longitudinal analyses, as well as data from multiple perspectives (eg, school, parents, and self) at older age points to establish patterns over time. Through collaboration across the highly specialized craniofacial centers, the CC-UK hopes to work toward this goal moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie Piggott
- Craniofacial Unit, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool
| | - Louise Dalton
- Oxford Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford
| | - Jo Horton
- Craniofacial Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham
| | - Christopher Parks
- Craniofacial Unit, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool
| | - Samuel White
- Oxford Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford
| | - Gillian Wright
- Craniofacial Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Anna Kearney
- Craniofacial Unit, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool
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Hall BJ, Duddy JC, Apostolopoulou K, David R, Kurzbuch A, Nadkarni A, Trichinopoly Krishna S, Cooper B, Gouldbourne H, Hennigan D, Dawes W, Ellenbogen J, Parks C, Pettorini B, Sinha A, Mallucci C. Intracranial Empyemas in the COVID-19 Era: A New Phenomenon? A Paediatric Case Series and Review of the Literature. Pediatr Neurosurg 2023; 58:215-222. [PMID: 37393893 PMCID: PMC10614506 DOI: 10.1159/000531753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We present the largest series of paediatric intracranial empyemas occurring after COVID-19 infection to date, and discuss the potential implications of the pandemic on this neurosurgical pathology. METHODS Patients admitted to our centre between January 2016 and December 2021 with a confirmed radiological diagnosis of intracranial empyema were retrospectively reviewed, excluding non-otorhinological source cases. Patients were grouped according to onset before or after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19 status. A literature review of all post-COVID-19 intracranial empyemas was performed. SPSS v27 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Sixteen patients were diagnosed with intracranial empyema: n = 5 prior to 2020 and n = 11 after, resulting in an average annual incidence of 0.3% prior to onset of the pandemic and 1.2% thereafter. Of those diagnosed since the pandemic, 4 (25%) were confirmed to have COVID-19 on recent PCR test. Time from COVID-19 infection until empyema diagnosis ranged from 15 days to 8 weeks. Mean age for post-COVID-19 cases was 8.5 years (range: 7-10 years) compared to 11 years in non-COVID cases (range: 3-14 years). Streptococcus intermedius was grown in all cases of post-COVID-19 empyema, and 3 of 4 (75%) post-COVID-19 cases developed cerebral sinus thromboses, compared to 3 of 12 (25%) non-COVID-19 cases. All cases were discharged home with no residual deficit. CONCLUSION Our post-COVID-19 intracranial empyema series demonstrates a greater proportion of cerebral sinus thromboses than non-COVID-19 cases, potentially reflecting the thrombogenic effects of COVID-19. Incidence of intracranial empyema at our centre has increased since the start of the pandemic, causes of which require further investigation and multicentre collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Hall
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - John C Duddy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katerina Apostolopoulou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Raenette David
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Arthur Kurzbuch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Abhishek Nadkarni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Ben Cooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hayley Gouldbourne
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dawn Hennigan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - William Dawes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher Parks
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benedetta Pettorini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ajay Sinha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Conor Mallucci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Parks
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RD, U.K
| | - Kevin Hughes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RD, U.K
| | - Mohamed Pourkashanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RD, U.K
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Parks
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RD, U.K
| | - Ehsan Alborzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RD, U.K
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RD, U.K
| | - Mohammed Pourkashanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RD, U.K
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Becher LR, Nevala W, Sutor S, Abergel M, Hoffmann M, Parks C, Pease LR, Schrum AG, Markovic SN, Pages DG. Anti-CD3 Mono-Fab co-potentiates TCR antigen recognition in human T cells. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.145.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
TCR mediated antigen recognition results in a signaling cascade leading to T cell activation. Antigen binding to its cognate TCR drives receptor aggregation and conformational changes that trigger signaling from the receptor. Conformational change in the CD3 complex (CD3Δc) is required for robust signaling and productive T cell responses. In contrast, weakly recognized antigens do not induce CD3Δc and the resulting T cell response is poor. Thus, T cell responses to weak antigens may be improved by induction of CD3Δc. We previously described an anti-mouse CD3ɛ monovalent Fab (Mono-7D6-Fab) that induced CD3Δc and synergized with weak antigens to enhance the T cell response, a process we termed co-potentiation. However, Mono-7D6-Fab did not induce classical T cell signaling in the absence of antigenic ligation. Mono-7D6-Fab effectively co-potentiated T cells against murine B16-F10 melanoma cells and reduced tumor burden in vivo in a T cell dependent manner. We exploited a model of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) to generate proof of concept that co-potentiation may enhance T cell antigen recognition in humans. Anti-human CD3ɛ monovalent Fab (Mono-OKT3-Fab) improved the CD8 T cell response to the CMV pp65495–503 peptide as measured by increased T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and the ability to kill target cells. Co-potentiation was dependent on antigen specificity, as 1) the effects were dampened when antigen recognition was impaired and 2) sequencing of the TCRs revealed a restricted number of expanded TCR clones. Our results suggest that Mono-OKT3-Fab may have therapeutic clinical applications to achieve a more robust antigen-specific T cell response in the context of diverse human disease, from cancer to chronic infection.
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Masters R, Bechara R, Seeley NR, Parks C, Moore ZD. Anesthetic Considerations for Automated High-Frequency Jet Ventilation During Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy. AANA J 2020; 88:101-106. [PMID: 32234200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Newly advanced diagnostic bronchoscopic procedures, such as electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy using navigation system technology (superDimension, Medtronic), provides computed tomography referenced and computerized 3-dimensional imaging. To increase accuracy and higher diagnostic biopsy yield, electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy necessitates special anesthetic and ventilation techniques providing the interventional pulmonologist minimal respiratory lung motion. This anesthetic meets 2 important goals by limiting almost all interference from diaphragmatic and lung movement while allowing the anesthesia provider to achieve hands-free management. Proposed here is an anesthetic ventilation technique by automated high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) via double-lumen micro jet endotracheal tubes. This ventilation technique delivers consistent very low tidal volumes. Automated HFJV provides the pulmonologist the advantage of more accurate navigation and target alignment in this Global Positioning System-guided biopsy procedure. The technique offers essentially no chest motion, without interrupting ventilation. Additionally, HFJV allows the anesthetist better availability to attend to total intravenous anesthesia, adjustments, and interventions. The intention of this article is to detail an anesthetic method that provides a hands-free technique that requires only one anesthesia provider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Masters
- is employed by Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Atlanta in Newnan, Georgia, in the Department of Thoracic Anesthesia
| | - Rabih Bechara
- is the director of the Thoracic Institute, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Atlanta and is a professor of medicine at Augusta University at Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Neil R Seeley
- is an anesthesiologist and chief of the Division of Anesthesia, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Atlanta
| | - Christopher Parks
- is employed by the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Atlanta; Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Augusta University Health, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zachary D Moore
- is employed by the University of South Alabama, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mobile, Alabama
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Elsbernd L, Nelson A, Huynh H, Hoffmann M, Parks C, Nevala W, Sutor S, Pease L, Schrum A, Gil D, Markovic SN. Abstract B78: Co-potentiation of human T cells to identify subdominant tumor neoantigens from melanoma patients responding to immune checkpoint blockade. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm18-b78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, accounting for 10,000 deaths annually. Largely resistant to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have revolutionized patient care, accounting for partial or complete responses in up to 70% of patients. An important aspect of cancer elimination is activation of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Recent data suggest that ICB mediated broadening of the peripheral blood CTL repertoire correlates with good clinical outcomes. Thus, recent studies in cancer immunotherapy have focused on targeting tumor neoantigens (tNeoAg) with cancer vaccines for use in combination with ICB. Computational algorithm-driven predictions of immunogenic tNeoAgs yield vast numbers of potential peptide targets, only a fraction of which may be immunogenic in patients. This likely contributed to the modest success of cancer vaccines targeting predicted, high-avidity tNeoAgs, emphasizing the importance of identifying true tumor rejection antigens, including sub-dominant antigens, outside the scope of predictive models. In addition to promoting T cell-mediated tumor rejection, ICB often comes at the expense of treatment-induced immune-related adverse effects (irAE) that frequently require discontinuation of treatment. Modulation of ICB towards antitumor immunity and away from autoimmunity may dramatically improve the therapeutic index of modern cancer therapy. This appears feasible considering the clinical observation that antitumor efficacy does not correlate with type/severity of irAE, suggesting that the mechanisms of both processes, though likely related (CTL mediated), may not be identical. We aim to identify and separate non-cross-reacting antigenic targets mediating tumor rejection from those mediating irAEs to enable therapeutic interventions that maximize the efficacy of ICB, expanding tumor-specific CTLs with vaccines while minimizing irAEs through desensitization. We have access to samples from responding/nonresponding melanoma patients subjected to ICB with varying degrees of irAEs. We have designed an experimental approach that combines established mass spectrometry and sequencing techniques to identify peptides and matching TCR clones with a novel strategy that targets the TCR-associated CD3 complex to allow inclusion of subdominant antigens in our studies. T-cell “co-potentiation” is achieved when anti-CD3 monovalent Fabs induce a conformational change in the CD3 complex that sustains the T-cell response to weak antigenic stimulation. We have successfully used anti-human CD3 Fabs to co-potentiate in vitro the activation and subsequent response to weak peptide-HLA/TCR interactions of human T cells found in PBMCs isolated from healthy donors. Our preliminary data suggest T-cell co-potentiation may allow identification of ICB-induced CTL clones specific for subdominant tNeoAgs and irAE targets in patients with melanoma undergoing active immunotherapy.
Citation Format: Laura Elsbernd, Alfreda Nelson, Hien Huynh, Michele Hoffmann, Christopher Parks, Wendy Nevala, Shari Sutor, Larry Pease, Adam Schrum, Diana Gil, Svetomir N. Markovic. Co-potentiation of human T cells to identify subdominant tumor neoantigens from melanoma patients responding to immune checkpoint blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B78.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Diana Gil
- 2University of Missouri, Columbia, MO,
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Folch EE, Mahajan AK, Oberg CL, Maldonado F, Toloza E, Krimsky WS, Oh S, Bowling MR, Benzaquen S, Kinsey CM, Mehta AC, Fernandez-Bussy S, Flandes J, Lau K, Krishna G, Nead MA, Herth F, Aragaki-Nakahodo AA, Barisione E, Bansal S, Zanchi D, Zgoda M, Lutz PO, Lentz RJ, Parks C, Salio M, Perret K, Keyes C, LeMense GP, Hinze JD, Majid A, Christensen M, Kazakov J, Labarca G, Waller E, Studnicka M, Teba CV, Khandhar SJ. Standardized Definitions of Bleeding After Transbronchial Lung Biopsy: A Delphi Consensus Statement From the Nashville Working Group. Chest 2020; 158:393-400. [PMID: 32067944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transbronchial lung biopsies are commonly performed for a variety of indications. Although generally well tolerated, complications such as bleeding do occur. Description of bleeding severity is crucial both clinically and in research trials; to date, there is no validated scale that is widely accepted for this purpose. Can a simple, reproducible tool for categorizing the severity of bleeding after transbronchial biopsy be created? METHODS Using the modified Delphi method, an international group of bronchoscopists sought to create a new scale tailored to assess bleeding severity among patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy with transbronchial lung biopsies. Cessation criteria were specified a priori and included reaching > 80% consensus among the experts or three rounds, whichever occurred first. RESULTS Thirty-six expert bronchoscopists from eight countries, both in academic and community practice settings, participated in the creation of the scale. After the live meeting, two iterations were made. The second and final scale was vetted by all 36 participants, with a weighted average of 4.47/5; 53% were satisfied, and 47% were very satisfied. The panel reached a consensus and proposes the Nashville Bleeding Scale. CONCLUSIONS The use of a simplified airway bleeding scale that can be applied at bedside is an important, necessary tool for categorizing the severity of bleeding. Uniformity in reporting clinically significant airway bleeding during bronchoscopic procedures will improve the quality of the information derived and could lead to standardization of management. In addition to transbronchial biopsies, this scale could also be applied to other bronchoscopic procedures, such as endobronchial biopsy or endobronchial ultrasound-guided needle aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik E Folch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
| | | | - Catherine L Oberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | - Scott Oh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mark R Bowling
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | | | | | | | | | - Javier Flandes
- Interventional Pulmonology Service, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Felix Herth
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Emanuela Barisione
- Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS San Martino Hospital-IST National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Dragos Zanchi
- Pulmonary and Sleep of Tampa Bay Inc, Wesley Chapel, FL
| | | | | | | | | | - Mario Salio
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Colleen Keyes
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Adnan Majid
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Labarca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Michael Studnicka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Foster MT, Grayston R, Hennigan D, Harishchandra LS, Tonder LV, Millward CP, Pettorini B, Sinha A, Parks C, Burn S, Pizer B, Mallucci C. FP2-3 Ten years of paediatric neuro-oncology surgery: quantifying and predicting complications after surgery for intracranial tumour excision. J Neurol Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesTo measure complications of paediatric neurooncology surgery using the Clavien Dindo grading scale, and identify predictors of surgical morbidity.DesignRetrospective review of prospectively collected data.SubjectsAll paediatric patients treated with craniotomy for excision of intracranial tumour between 2008 and 2017 in a single tertiary paediatric neurosurgery centre.MethodsDemographics, surgical details and perioperative complications were prospectively recorded between 0 and 30 days post operatively. These were retrospectively graded using the CD scale. Data analysis was done in R using logistic regression. Significance was defined as p<0.05ResultsBetween 3/1/2008 and 21/12/2017 there were 322 operations, on 254 patients (142 Male). Median age at surgery was 9 years (IQR 4–13 years). 48% were without complication on the CD scale. Maximum CD grade complication for each procedure was 1 in 11%, 2 in 19%, 3A in 2%, 3B in 14%, and 4 in 0.6% of operations. 30 day mortality was 0.9%. CD grade of 3B or over was associated with infratentorial tumours (OR 2.24; CI 1.10–4.68; p=0.004) and WHO grade III tumours (OR 4.12; CI 1.56–10.86; p=0.028).ConclusionsComplications in paediatric neurooncology surgery are common overall, but our results are favourable in comparison to the literature. The CD scale has limitations in neurosurgery but gives insight into the health economic impact of complications. Infratentorial tumours, and WHO grade III tumours were associated with increased morbidity.
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Tonder LV, Foster M, Hennigan D, Kneen R, Iyer A, Parks C, Burn S, Mallucci C. TP1-10 Non tumour brain biopsies in alder hey paediatric neurosurgery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesTo review the utility of non-tumour brain biopsies in Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Paediatric Neurosurgery Department.MethodsOperative records were searched for ‘biopsy’. Case notes were reviewed for referral source, histology, surgical complication and outcome. Tumour, epilepsy and non-brain biopsy cases were excluded.Results83 ‘biopsy’ cases were identified between 2008 and 2017. 31 tumour, 5 epilepsy, 2 infections and 28 non brain/other biopsies were excluded. 17 brain biopsies for non-tumour causes were seen. 15 patients were referred by neurology, 2 by rheumatology. 14 underwent a craniotomy/mini-craniotomy, 3 had burrholes.4 biopsies were non diagnostic, 2 were abnormal but inconclusive for diagnosis. Diagnoses included: 3 demyelinating lesions, 2 normal brain tissue, 1 neurosarcoidosis, 1 autoimmune encephalitis, 1 definite Rasmussen’s Encephalitis, 1 possible Rasmussen’s Encephalitis, 1 systemic lupus erythematosus associated CNS vasculitis, 1 inflammatory infiltrate (secondary to hydrocephalus/ventriculitis), 1 patient developed a late wound infection. No other surgical morbidities/mortalities were recorded. 11 of these cases had a change in management or the treating team were reassured due to the result of the biopsy (i.e. were able to start immunomodulatory drugs in the absence of infection).Conclusions65% of brain biopsies were diagnostic. 71% of biopsies either changed management or reassured the treating team about a line of management. The procedure is low risk with 0.06% morbidity and 0% mortality.
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Millward CP, Foster M, Tonder LV, Williams D, Pizer B, Pettorini B, Parks C, Mallucci C. P98 A decade of primary tumours of the spine in the paediatric population. J Neurol Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesPrimary spinal tumours in children are rare and poorly understood; we review 10 years of surgical experience.DesignRetrospective review of prospectively maintained database.SubjectsChildren receiving surgical management of primary spinal tumours in a single, tertiary paediatric neurosurgery centre.MethodsOperations for primary spinal tumours were abstracted from our prospectively maintained surgical database and supplemented with data from case notes, operative records, and imaging studies.ResultsBetween 2008 and 2017, 37 procedures were performed on 29 patients (19 male; Median age 7.5 years, IQR 2–11.25). 28 had their primary procedure in our unit: 21 excisions, and 7 biopsies (of which 5 proceeded to further surgery). Tumours were classified as extradural (10), intradural extramedullary (3), intradural intramedullary (11) or bony (4). Tumours were found at the following levels: Cervical (8; 29%), Cervicothoracic (2; 7.1%), Thoracic (10; 36%), Thoracolumbar (3; 11%), Lumbar (2; 7.1%), Lumbosacral (2; 7.1%) and Sacral (1; 3.6%). Histology comprised: Pilocytic Astrocytoma (6), Other Astrocytoma (4), Schwannoma (3), Ewing Sarcoma (2), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (2), Lymphoma (2), Neurofibroma (2), and others (7) including one Myxopapillary Ependymoma.ConclusionsThe rarity and heterogeneity of paediatric spinal tumours makes treatment challenging. We propose a national online registry including a tissue bank, and invite collaboration with other units.
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Parks C, Bounds R, Davis B, Caplan R, Laughery T, Zeserson E. Investigation of age-adjusted D-dimer using an uncommon assay. Am J Emerg Med 2018; 37:1285-1288. [PMID: 30291035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of an age-adjusted D-dimer for the evaluation of acute pulmonary embolus (PE) has been prospectively validated in the literature and has become a practice recommendation from major medical societies. Most research on this subject involves the most common D-dimer assays reporting in Fibrinogen Equivalent Units (FEU) with a non-age-adjusted manufacturer-recommended cutoff of 500 ng/ml FEU. Limited research to date has evaluated age-adjustment in assays that report in D-Dimer Units (D-DU), which use a manufacturer-recommended cutoff of 230 ng/ml D-DU. Despite scant evidence, an age-adjusted formula using D-DU has been recently endorsed by the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP). This formula seems arbitrary in its derivation and unnecessarily deviates from existing thresholds, thus prompting the creation of our novel-age adjustment formula. The goal of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the test characteristics of our novel age-adjusted D-dimer formula using the D-DU assay in comparison to existing traditional and age-adjusted D-dimer thresholds for the evaluation of acute PE in the ED. METHODS This was a retrospective chart review at an academic quaternary health system with three EDs and 195,000 combined annual ED visits. Only patients with D-dimer testing and CT PE protocol (CTPE) imaging were included. Admission and discharge diagnosis codes were used to identify acute PE. Outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) of an unadjusted traditional threshold (230) compared with both novel and ACEP-endorsed age adjusted thresholds, (Age × 5) - 20 and Age × 5 if >50, respectively. Estimates with their exact 95% threshold were performed. RESULTS 4846 adult patients were evaluated from January 2012 to July 2017. Group characteristics include a mean age of 52 and a frequency of acute PE diagnosis by CTPE of 8.25%. Traditional D-dimer cutoff demonstrated a sensitivity of 99.8% (95% CI 98.6-100), specificity of 16.7% (95% CI 15.6-17.8) and NPV of 99.9% (95% CI 99.3-100). Our novel age-adjusted D-dimer thresholds had a sensitivity of 97.0% (95% CI 94.8-98.4), specificity of 27.9% (95% CI 26.6-29.2) and NPV of 99.0% (95% CI 98.3-99.5) with the ACEP-endorsed formula demonstrating similar test characteristics. CONCLUSION Use of an age-adjusted D-dimer on appropriately selected patients being evaluated for acute PE in the ED with a D-DU assay increases specificity while maintaining a high sensitivity and NPV. Both our novel formula and the ACEP-endorsed age-adjusted formula performed well, with our novel formula showing a trend towards improved testing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Parks
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Christiana Care Health System, 4755 Ogletown Stanton Road, Newark, DE 19718, United States of America.
| | - Richard Bounds
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05041, United States of America
| | - Barbara Davis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Christiana Care Health System, 4755 Ogletown Stanton Road, Newark, DE 19718, United States of America
| | - Richard Caplan
- Value Institute, Christiana Care Health System, 4755 Ogletown Stanton Road, Newark, DE 19718, United States of America
| | - Tom Laughery
- Value Institute, Christiana Care Health System, 4755 Ogletown Stanton Road, Newark, DE 19718, United States of America
| | - Eli Zeserson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Christiana Care Health System, 4755 Ogletown Stanton Road, Newark, DE 19718, United States of America
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Rathore U, Purwar M, Vignesh VS, Das R, Kumar AA, Bhattacharyya S, Arendt H, DeStefano J, Wilson A, Parks C, La Branche CC, Montefiori DC, Varadarajan R. Bacterially expressed HIV-1 gp120 outer-domain fragment immunogens with improved stability and affinity for CD4-binding site neutralizing antibodies. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15002-15020. [PMID: 30093409 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein minimization is an attractive approach for designing vaccines against rapidly evolving pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1), because it can help in focusing the immune response toward conserved conformational epitopes present on complex targets. The outer domain (OD) of HIV-1 gp120 contains epitopes for a large number of neutralizing antibodies and therefore is a primary target for structure-based vaccine design. We have previously designed a bacterially expressed outer-domain immunogen (ODEC) that bound CD4-binding site (CD4bs) ligands with 3-12 μm affinity and elicited a modest neutralizing antibody response in rabbits. In this study, we have optimized ODEC using consensus sequence design, cyclic permutation, and structure-guided mutations to generate a number of variants with improved yields, biophysical properties, stabilities, and affinities (KD of 10-50 nm) for various CD4bs targeting broadly neutralizing antibodies, including the germline-reverted version of the broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01. In contrast to ODEC, the optimized immunogens elicited high anti-gp120 titers in rabbits as early as 6 weeks post-immunization, before any gp120 boost was given. Following two gp120 boosts, sera collected at week 22 showed cross-clade neutralization of tier 1 HIV-1 viruses. Using a number of different prime/boost combinations, we have identified a cyclically permuted OD fragment as the best priming immunogen, and a trimeric, cyclically permuted gp120 as the most suitable boosting molecule among the tested immunogens. This study also provides insights into some of the biophysical correlates of improved immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Rathore
- From the Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | - Mansi Purwar
- From the Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | | | - Raksha Das
- From the Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | - Aditya Arun Kumar
- From the Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | - Sanchari Bhattacharyya
- From the Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | - Heather Arendt
- the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Brooklyn, New York 11226, and
| | - Joanne DeStefano
- the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Brooklyn, New York 11226, and
| | - Aaron Wilson
- the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Brooklyn, New York 11226, and
| | - Christopher Parks
- the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Brooklyn, New York 11226, and
| | - Celia C La Branche
- the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27707
| | - David C Montefiori
- the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27707
| | - Raghavan Varadarajan
- From the Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012,
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Parks C, McAndrew CM, Spraggs-Hughes A, Ricci WM, Silva MJ, Gardner MJ. In-vivo stiffness assessment of distal femur fracture locked plating constructs. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2018; 56:46-51. [PMID: 29803822 PMCID: PMC10095551 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to design and validate a novel stiffness-measuring device using locked plating of distal femur fractures as a model. METHODS All patients underwent a laterally-based approach, with a bridging locked construct after indirect reduction. A custom and calibrated intraoperative stiffness device was applied and the stiffness of the construct was blindly recorded. Fourteen of twenty-seven patients enrolled with distal femur fractures (AO/OTA 33A and 33C) completed the study. Correlations between stiffness and callus formation, working length, working length/plate length ratio, number of distal locking screws, and fracture pattern were explored. FINDINGS Callus and modified radiographic union scale in tibias scores as a linear function of stiffness did not correlate (R2 = 0.06 and 0.07, respectively). Construct working length and working length to plate length ratio did not correlate to stiffness (R2 = 0.18 and 0.16 respectively). A combined delayed and nonunion rate was 14%. Lower extremity measure scores were not statistically different when comparing delayed and nonunion with healed fractures. INTERPRETATION The lack of correlation may have been due to the mechanical properties of the plate itself and its large contribution to the overall stiffness of the construct. To our knowledge, clinically relevant stiffness has not been described and this study may provide some estimates. This methodology and these preliminary findings may lay the groundwork for further investigations into this prevalent clinical problem. Other parameters not investigated may play a key role such as body mass index and bone mineral density. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic/Prognostic Level II.
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Montgomery C, Porter A, Parks C, Sachleben B, Blasier RD, Rabenhorst B. Football-Related Pediatric Extremity Fractures and Dislocations: Size Matters. Orthopedics 2018; 41:216-221. [PMID: 30035799 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20180628-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Football remains a popular sport in the United States despite sometimes significant injuries, such as fractures and dislocations, occurring. The objective of this study was to evaluate pediatric extremity fractures and dislocations related to football. A retrospective review was conducted at a level 1 pediatric trauma center to identify patients who were treated specifically for American football-related injuries (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code E007.0). All patients with football-related injuries presenting to the emergency department during a 6-year period (2007-2012) were reviewed for inclusion in the study. Patients with only fractures or dislocations involving the extremities were analyzed. Exclusion criteria included patients older than 18 years, non-football-related sports-related injuries, and patients presenting to non-emergency department health care facilities. Demographic information was collected in addition to type of injury, body mass index, and type of treatment. A total of 193 patients with 96 fractures and 7 dislocations were included. More than two-thirds of all fractures occurred in the lower extremities, with tibia (17.0%) and femoral shaft (14.2%) fractures being the most common. Thirty-five percent of the fractures and dislocations required operative treatment. No statistically significant correlations were identified pertaining to age, race, and timing of the injuries in the season. Regarding body mass index, underweight patients were associated with 3.6 times greater odds of sustaining a fracture when compared with patients who were not underweight (P=.006). Underweight patients may be at a higher risk for fractures or dislocations. Identifying at-risk children may result in improved patient and coach education, potentially leading to better preventive measures and fewer injuries. [Orthopedics. 2018; 41(4):216-221.].
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Stevens EG, Clayhold JA, Doan H, Fabinski RP, Hynecek J, Kosman SL, Parks C. Recent Enhancements to Interline and Electron Multiplying CCD Image Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:s17122841. [PMID: 29215582 PMCID: PMC5750797 DOI: 10.3390/s17122841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes recent process modifications made to enhance the performance of interline and electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device (EMCCD) image sensors. By use of MeV ion implantation, quantum efficiency in the NIR region of the spectrum was increased by 2×, and image smear was reduced by 6 dB. By reducing the depth of the shallow photodiode (PD) implants, the photodiode-to-vertical-charge-coupled-device (VCCD) transfer gate voltage required for no-lag operation was reduced by 3 V, and the electronic shutter voltage was reduced by 9 V. The thinner, surface pinning layer also resulted in a reduction of smear by 4 dB in the blue portion of the visible spectrum. For EMCCDs, gain aging was eliminated by providing an oxide-only dielectric under its multiplication phase, while retaining the oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) gate dielectrics elsewhere in the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Stevens
- ON Semiconductor, 1964 Lake Avenue, Rochester, NY 14615, USA.
| | | | - Hung Doan
- ON Semiconductor, 1964 Lake Avenue, Rochester, NY 14615, USA.
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Bechara R, Rich P, Parks C, Bonta D, Bonta I. Breast cancer and incidence of non-caseating granulomas diagnosed in PET avid chest lymphadenopahy. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e12549 Background: Breast cancer is known to metastasize to the lung parenchyma and lymph nodes. Most breast malignancies are clinically staged using radiographic modalities (e.g. PET scans). Importantly, several inflammatory disorders will present lymph node FDG-uptake on PET, which can be mistaken for breast cancer metastasis. This may alter staging and implicitly treatment for individuals within whom both undiagnosed autoimmune disorders and breast cancer co-occur. We aim to examine the frequency of non-caseating granulomas diagnosed in PET avid mediastinal/hilar nodes in patients with known breast cancer. Methods: Between March 2013 and December 2015, 46 women diagnosed with breast cancer were staged by PET-CT. Those with positive result in the mediastinum/hilum underwent linear endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) for pathologic diagnosis and ensuing treatment Results: Of the 46 patients with avid mediastinal/hilar adenopathy, 31 (67%) had malignant cytology on EBUS; the remaining 15 had positive PET but negative cytology for malignancy. Twelve of the 15 patients with false positive PET had reactive lymph nodes, and 3 had non-caseating granulomas on cytology (see table). Twenty percent of the patients with negative cytology and positive PET had non-caseating granuloma, and 6.5 % of all patients with positive PET had non-caseating granulomas. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study represents the largest cohort of breast cancer patients, where the incidence of non-caseating granulomas is investigated in PET-positive mediastinal/hilar nodes. We conclude that in selected patients, in addition to imaging, pathologic staging should be done. Also, the finding of non-caseating granulomas in these patients may either indicate an incidental diagnosis of early stage sarcoidosis, or an inflammatory reaction to the current treatment (sarcomatoid reaction). We also suggest that these patients should be followed for any manifestations of sarcoidosis. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ioana Bonta
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Newnan, GA
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Dugena O, Bujtar P, Robertson B, Scrimshire A, Brannigan K, Richardson D, Mohanrao S, Burn S, Parks C, Sinha A, Duncan C. Understanding craniofacial dermoids: 10-year experience at the Liverpool Craniofacial Centre. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Thompson P, Miller D, Whetstone J, Bonta I, Parks C, Bechara R. P1.08-083 Hyperthermic Pleural Lavage for Pleural Metastases. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Webb T, Bonta I, Thompson P, Parks C, Bechara R, Miller D. P1.04-003 Incidence of Non-Caseating Granulomas Diagnosed in PET Avid Mediastinal/Hilar Nodes in Patients with Known Breast Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bonta I, Bechara R, Parks C, Miller D, Bonta D, Thompson P. P1.07-032 Most Common Genomic Alterations in SCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bonta I, Thompson P, Parks C, Bonta D, Bechara R. P2.04-040 Pleural Effusion Characteristics and Relationship with Outcomes in Cancer Patients. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Donnelly Y, Brennan S, Gilbert F, Gorham A, Parks C, Glynn A. MON-P088: Establishing a Reactive Homeng Service Using Cortrak Enteral Access System (EAS) for Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy and/or Chemotherapy. Clin Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(16)30722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pinal-Fernandez I, Parks C, Tiniakou E, Albayda M, Paik J, Lahouti A, Casal-Dominguez M, Pak K, Huang W, Lloyd T, Danoff S, Casciola-Rosen L, Christopher-Stine L, Mammen A. FRI0284 Anti-Srp-Associated Autoimmune Myopathy: Younger Age at Onset Is Associated with More Severe Disease and Worse Outcome. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bonta I, Sahadevan SWD, Parks C, Thompson PL, Bonta D, Bechara R. Relationship of pleural fluid analysis with outcomes in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.e23214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Bonta
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Atlanta, Newnan, GA
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Bonta I, Bechara R, Parks C, Thompson A, Bonta D, Thompson PL. Most common genomic alterations in soft tissue sarcoma: Five centers experience. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.11049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Bonta
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Atlanta, Newnan, GA
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Narenthiran G, Parks C, Pettorini B. Management of Chiari I malformation in children: effectiveness of intra-operative ultrasound for tailoring foramen magnum decompression. Childs Nerv Syst 2015; 31:1371-6. [PMID: 25874846 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-015-2699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with Chiari I malformation (CM-1) commonly undergo foramen magnum decompression (FMD). However, there is no consensus on how this should be achieved. An approach would be to rationalize surgical steps based on pre-operative imaging and intra-operative findings. The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of intra-operative ultrasound scanning (IOUS) in tailoring foramen magnum decompression in children with CM-1 and whether the use of IOUS is effective in reducing the risk of complications without increasing the need for re-operation. METHOD We performed a retrospective study. IOUS was utilized during FMD: a subjective assessment was made on whether there was adequate cerebellar tonsillar and/or CSF pulsation following suboccipital craniectomy. If there was adequate pulsation, the dura was not opened. Additional data were collected including age and gender of patients, presence of pre-operative syringomyelia, intra-operative ultrasound findings, length of follow-up, complications and radiological and clinical outcome. The statistical analysis was performed with XLStat®(Addinsoft SARL™, France). RESULTS Nineteen patients underwent FMD from June 2011 to December 2012. The mean age was 10.5 years; there were nine females and ten males. Eleven patients had syringomyelia at diagnosis. Based on IOUS, eight patients underwent dural decompression and 11 patients bony decompression only. One patient had a post-operative pseudomeningocoele and two patients required re-operation. There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups regarding post-operative improvement in the syrinx. CONCLUSION We found that tailoring FMD for patients with CM-1 using intra-operative findings using ultrasound scan was useful in avoiding unnecessary manoeuvres, while not compromising on the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesalingam Narenthiran
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
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Thompson PL, Redmond T, Parks C, Bechara R. Clinically relevant gene sequencing in lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e22048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rabih Bechara
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America/ Georgia Regents University, Newnan, GA
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Parks C, Hansen M, Ju J, Reed B, Kranz D, Bordner A, Pease L. Activating self-tolerant T cells with altered structure of MHC class I (TUM2P.1024). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.69.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Self-tolerant T cells can cross-react weakly on self, but are usually incapable of activation. However, when activated these T cells can cross-react effectively on cells expressing self antigens. We have observed that mutants of the MHC class I molecule H2-Kb have structural differences resulting in altered antigen presentation. We hypothesize that structural manipulation of MHC class I can increase stabile amino acid contacts with the TCR. Increasing stabile contacts may decrease the energy barrier required to overcome the threshold for activation, breaking tolerance for self antigens. Using computer modeling techniques, amino acid substitutions at specific sites of MHC class I were predicted to result in stabilization of the TCR:pMHC complex. These altered MHC molecules were made and expressed in cell lines. We have shown that altered MHC enhanced TCR binding. Altered MHC enhanced activation and proliferation of naïve T cells in response to a non-stimulatory, weak antigen. Altered MHC also induced CTL killing against self-antigens. In an in vivo transplant model, protective immunity was induced against a native tumor after an altered MHC expressing tumor challenge. By altering the structure of MHC class I we have activated normally tolerant T cells that are capable of cross-reacting on self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Parks
- 1Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- 2Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael Hansen
- 1Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- 2Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, MN
| | - Josephine Ju
- 1Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- 2Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, MN
| | - Brendan Reed
- 1Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- 2Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, MN
| | - David Kranz
- 4Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Andrew Bordner
- 3Department of Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
- 2Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, MN
| | - Larry Pease
- 1Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- 2Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, MN
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Hoffmann M, Parks C, Hansen M, Rajagopalan G, Pease L, Schrum A, Gil Pages D. A monomeric fab fragment capable of inducing CD3 conformational change increases T cell receptor reactivity to poorly immunogenic antigens (TUM2P.1020). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.69.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
TCR interactions with agonist pMHCs induce a conformational change in the tails of the associated CD3 complex (CD3Δc) that contributes to efficient TCR/CD3 triggering and productive T cell responses. In contrast, TCR engagement by antagonistic pMHCs does not induce either CD3Δc or full TCR/CD3 signaling in mature T cells. Here, we have used a monovalent Fab fragment (Mono-Fab) specific for the murine CD3 complex to provide induction of CD3Δc to mature T cells engaging pMHC ligands. This Mono-Fab does not interfere with TCR capacity to bind pMHC and fails to elicit signaling in the absence of TCR/MHC interactions. Using OT-I Tg T cells and a collection of altered peptide ligands derived of the agonist peptide OVA, we show that addition of CD3Δc to OT-I T cells using Mono-Fab enables T cell responses to antagonist ligands that fail to induce CD3Δc on their own. Moreover, using a mouse model of metastatic melanoma, we show that Mono-Fab promotes in vivo T cell dependent anti-melanoma responses that are antigen-specific. This Mono-Fab can also be combined with established therapies targeting signals 2 and 3 involved in T cell activation for a synergistic effect. Our data suggests that in-trans CD3Δc provision decreases the activation threshold of T cells. We propose that targeting the CD3 complex for the induction of CD3Δc could be exploited to achieve efficient TCR/CD3 triggering by poorly immunogenic antigens in the context of vaccination against cancer and infectious diseases.
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Cavanaugh SX, Vidovic A, Law T, Bechara R, Parks C, Wei J, Swanson J. Multichannel Endobronchial HDR Catheter Respiratory Motion and Resultant Dosimetric Variation. Brachytherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2015.02.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Parks C, Mugamba J. Accessory limb with myelomeningocele: a rare case challenging previously held beliefs. Childs Nerv Syst 2014; 30:2127-8. [PMID: 24881034 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-014-2452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been previous reports of intra-scapular limbs associated with a closed spina bifida and this has led to a causative theory. It is thought that these dysraphic appendages could not occur with defects of primary neurulation. CASE The authors present a rare case of this abnormality associated with a large open myelomeningocele in a 6-day-old infant presenting to a paediatric neurosurgical hospital in Uganda. The appendage was removed and the spina bifida closed. There was significant stigma associated with such abnormality in this region. DISCUSSION The first reported co-existence of these two lesions challenges previously held beliefs regarding the embryological origin of intra-scapular dysraphic appendage.
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Thompson P, Bechara R, Parks C, Redmond T, Dhillon N. Clinically Relevant Gene Sequencing in Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.08.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Karita E, Anzala O, Gazzard B, Bergin P, Nyombayire J, Omosa G, Jackson A, Ingabire R, Ouattara G, Park H, Gumbe A, Chinyenze K, Welsh S, Verlinde C, Clark L, Chetty P, Booley M, Bizimana J, Farah B, Hayes P, Zachariah D, Syvertsen K, Lim MF, Dally L, Barin B, Inoue M, Hara H, Hironaka T, Shu T, Hasegawa M, Matano T, Sayeed E, Parks C, Ackland J, Fast PM, Gilmour J, Cox JH, Lombardo A, Laufer D. Clinical Safety and Immunogenicity of Two HIV Vaccines SeV-G (NP) and Ad35-GRIN in HIV-uninfected, Healthy Adult Volunteers. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5156b.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Karita
- Project San Francisco, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Omu Anzala
- Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative-Kangemi, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Brian Gazzard
- Chelsea and Westminster Healthcare National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Bergin
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative-Human Immunology Lab, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Nyombayire
- Project San Francisco, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Gloria Omosa
- Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Akil Jackson
- Chelsea and Westminster Healthcare National Health Service Foundation Trus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosine Ingabire
- Project San Francisco, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Gina Ouattara
- Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Harriet Park
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anne Gumbe
- Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kundai Chinyenze
- Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sabrina Welsh
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carl Verlinde
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lorna Clark
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative-Human Immunology Lab, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paramesh Chetty
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mumtaz Booley
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jean Bizimana
- Project San Francisco, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Bashir Farah
- Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Hayes
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative-Human Immunology Lab, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Devika Zachariah
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Michele Fong Lim
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States
| | - Len Dally
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Burc Barin
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eddy Sayeed
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Patricia M. Fast
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jill Gilmour
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative-Human Immunology Lab, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine H. Cox
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States
| | - Angela Lombardo
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dagna Laufer
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States
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Pettorini B, Pizer B, Kanwar A, Chamilos C, Zebian B, Parks C, Avula S, Mallucci C. OP02 * THALAMIC TUMOURS IN CHILDREN: EVALUATION OF SURGICAL STRATEGY. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou251.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Parks C, Thompson PL, Bechara R. The use of endobronchial ultrasound to place fiducial markers for targeted radiation therapy. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.e18529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rabih Bechara
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America/ Georgia Regents University, Newnan, GA
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Bechara R, Martin R, Parks C, Sharaf C. Safety of EBUS TBNA in patients with mediastinal and hilar adenopathy taking clopidogrel. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.e19074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Bechara
- Cnacer Treatment Centers of America, Georgia Regents University, Newnan, GA
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Ellenbogen JR, Perez S, Parks C, Crooks D, Mallucci C. Cerebellopontine angle oligodendroglioma in a child: first case report. Childs Nerv Syst 2014; 30:185-7. [PMID: 24057420 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-013-2282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The reported incidence of oligodendrogliomas in the paediatric population is less than 1 %. The posterior fossa is a rare location, with the vast majority arising in the cerebral hemispheres. We report the first paediatric case of a WHO grade II oligodendroglioma arising in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). CPA oligodendrogliomas in children appear to behave aggressively and adjuvant therapy must be considered early; especially when complete resection cannot be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Eaton Road, West Derby, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK,
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Hoffmann M, Parks C, Gil Pages D. A role for CD3 conformation in the preTCR/CD3 complex (P4428). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.52.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mature T cells recognize and respond to antigens through the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). We have established that upon TCR antigenic engagement, the TCR/CD3 complex undergoes a conformational change (CD3dc) of its CD3 epsilon tails to expose a proline-rich sequence and allow downstream signaling to occur. CD3dc has been shown to be required for full TCR/CD3 signaling and function of mature T cells. Pre-TCR assembly with the CD3 complex serves as a developmental checkpoint that ensures the expression of a function variant TCRβ chain in thymocytes. Interestingly, stimulation of the preTCR complex has been found to be ligand-independent; assembly is sufficient. Knowing this, we first determined the stoichiometry of the preTCR/CD3 complex and asked the question, how does assembly impact its ability to undergo conformational change? To answer this question, we employed various novel biochemical methods developed in our laboratory including a flow-cytommetry based immunoprecipitation (IP-FCM) as well as a CD3-pull down assay (CD3-PD). We aim to study the conformation of CD3 in the preTCR/CD3 complex and establish whether or not the assembly of this receptor is enough to induce the active CD3 conformation that supports functional CD3 signaling in mature cells. With our data, we are further able to characterize previously unstudied requirements for CD3 conformational change in the preTCR/CD3 complex with the potential of using this knowledge to manipulate CD3dc in the future.
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Fliing S, Hoffenberg S, Caulfield M, Parks C, King C, Burton D, Ward A, Wilson I, Moore J, Koff W. A case for research consortia to accelerate vaccine candidate discovery: identification of a stable antigenic HIV-1 Clade A Env candidate (P6370). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.216.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IAVI’s NAC provides a multi-disciplinary platform to decipher the interaction of bNAbs with HIV Env and accelerate translation to development of vaccines capable of eliciting potent neutralizing abs. Recent successes highlight the value of a consortium to expedite progress. IAVI initiated Protocol G to identify neutralizing sera from HIV-1 infected patients. Using these samples, a cross-disciplinary team discovered abs with unprecedented potency against HIV. PG9 was isolated from a subject infected with HIV-1 clade A. Consortium members reasoned that Env sequences from the clade A infected donor could lead to immunogen discovery. Using bioinformatics, MRCA sequence was aligned with 99 subtype A gp160 sequences from the Los Alamos HIV database and BG505 was identified with the highest homology. Soluble BG505 retains features of native trimer. While native Env trimer is the target for bnAbs, its instability impedes efforts to develop recombinant Env. Because BG505 retains features of native trimer, it might be optimal for immunogen design. NAC partners report construction of a soluble trimer from BG505 that binds PG9 with high affinity and show it is uniquely stable. Formulations of gp120 and trimers are under analysis for immunogenicity. Challenges remain in development including analysis of structure, immunogenicity, ab responses elicited; and production for human testing. A consortium approach of multidisciplinary experience will be required to expedite advancement of vaccine concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Fliing
- 1Scripps Res. Inst. & Intl. AIDS Vaccine Initiative's Neutralizing Antibody Ctr., La Jolla, CA
| | - Simon Hoffenberg
- 2Vaccine Design and Development Lab., Intl. AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Michael Caulfield
- 2Vaccine Design and Development Lab., Intl. AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Christopher Parks
- 2Vaccine Design and Development Lab., Intl. AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Brooklyn, NY
| | - C. King
- 2Vaccine Design and Development Lab., Intl. AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Brooklyn, NY
- 5Intl. AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY
| | - Dennis Burton
- 1Scripps Res. Inst. & Intl. AIDS Vaccine Initiative's Neutralizing Antibody Ctr., La Jolla, CA
- 4Scripps Res. Inst., La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Ian Wilson
- 1Scripps Res. Inst. & Intl. AIDS Vaccine Initiative's Neutralizing Antibody Ctr., La Jolla, CA
- 4Scripps Res. Inst., La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Wayne Koff
- 1Scripps Res. Inst. & Intl. AIDS Vaccine Initiative's Neutralizing Antibody Ctr., La Jolla, CA
- 2Vaccine Design and Development Lab., Intl. AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Brooklyn, NY
- 5Intl. AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY
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Khan AY, Berkowitz D, Krimsky WS, Hogarth DK, Parks C, Bechara R. Safety of pacemakers and defibrillators in electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy. Chest 2013; 143:75-81. [PMID: 22922452 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy (ENB) (InReach iLogic system; superDimension Inc) is a relatively new discipline, with promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications in patients with lung lesions. Navigation is performed in a magnetic field and, therefore, has been considered relatively contraindicated in patients with pacemakers and automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (AICDs). Potential risks include altering the function and shutting off the device, device damage, lead displacement, and potential overheating. Over the past decade, there has been extensive literature about the safety of pacemakers in either the 1.5-T or 3-T magnetic fields used in current MRI scanners. Although the magnetic field used in ENB is significantly weaker, 0.0001 T or approximately equal to the earth's gravity, its safety in patients with pacemakers is yet to be elucidated. We present our initial experience with ENB in patients with cardiac implanted electrical devices. METHODS Twenty-four procedures in 24 patients with lung lesions and permanent pacemakers were performed. A cardiac electrophysiologist and programmer were present during the procedure. At baseline, the pacers were interrogated, and ECG was recorded. Continuous cardiac monitoring was performed during the procedure, and at the end, the pacer settings and function were reinterrogated to check for any changes. RESULTS The procedures were all successfully concluded. None of the patients suffered any arrhythmias or disruption to their pacemakers' function. CONCLUSION ENB appears to be safe when performed in patients with pacemakers and AICDs. Larger multicenter studies are needed to prove the final safety in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Y Khan
- Interventional Pulmonology Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - David Berkowitz
- Interventional Pulmonology Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - William S Krimsky
- Interventional Pulmonology Program, Medstar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - D Kyle Hogarth
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Christopher Parks
- Interventional Pulmonology Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rabih Bechara
- Interventional Pulmonology Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Interventional Pulmonary Program, Cancer Treatment Centers of America at Southeastern Regional Medical Center, Atlanta, GA.
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Parks C, Heald J, Hall G, Kamaly-Asl I. Can the prognosis of individual patients with glioblastoma be predicted using an online calculator? Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:1074-8. [PMID: 23543729 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an exploratory subanalysis of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and National Cancer Institute of Canada (EORTC/NCIC) trial data, Gorlia et al. identified a variety of factors that were predictive of overall survival, including therapy administered, age, extent of surgery, mini-mental score, administration of corticosteroids, World Health Organization (WHO) performance status, and O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status. Gorlia et al. developed 3 nomograms, each intended to predict the survival times of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma on the basis of individual-specific combinations of prognostic factors. These are available online as a "GBM Calculator" and are intended for use in patient counseling. This study is an external validation of this calculator. METHOD One hundred eighty-seven patients from 2 UK neurosurgical units who had histologically confirmed glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) had their information at diagnosis entered into the GBM calculator. A record was made of the actual and predicted median survival time for each patient. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the accuracy, precision, correlation, and discrimination of the calculator. RESULTS The calculator gives both inaccurate and imprecise predictions. Only 23% of predictions were within 25% of the actual survival, and the percentage bias is 140% in our series. The coefficient of variance is 76%, where a smaller percentage would indicate greater precision. There is only a weak positive correlation between the predicted and actual survival among patients (R(2) of 0.07). Discrimination is inadequate as measured by a C-index of 0.62. CONCLUSIONS The authors would not recommend the use of this tool in patient counseling. If departments were considering its use, we would advise that a similar validating exercise be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Parks
- Department of Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford, United Kingdom.
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Neamu R, Parks C, Fisher M. Unusual Etiology of Massive Hemoptysis in a Patient With Pulmonary Atresia. Chest 2012. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1389308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Jurgens CK, Morrow G, Boggiano C, Panis M, Coleman J, Powell R, Yuan M, Kemelman M, Tamot N, Lopez M, Ouattara A, Iyer S, Backer M, Wright K, Domi A, Chiuchiolo M, King CR, Caulfield M, Parks C. Evaluation of a replication-competent VSV-SIV vaccine candidate. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441803 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zhang X, Richlak S, Nguyen HT, Wallace O, Morrow G, Caulfield M, Parks C. Development of chimeric HIV Env immunogens for mucosal delivery with attenuated canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccine vectors. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441861 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Wright KJ, Yuan M, Wilson A, Boggiano C, Kemelman M, Tiberio P, Phogat S, Lorenz I, Hoffenberg S, Jurgens C, King C, Caulfield M, Parks C. Optimizing expression of functional HIV envelopes in rVSV-ΔG vaccine vectors. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441652 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hoffenberg S, Pond SK, Carpov A, Wagner D, Wilson A, Powell R, Lindsay R, Arendt H, DeStefano J, Poignard P, Simek M, Fling S, Phogat S, Labranche C, Montefiori D, Burton D, Parks C, King C, Koff W, Caulfield M. Identification of a clade A HIV envelope immunogen from Protocol G that elicits neutralizing antibodies to tier 2 viruses. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441378 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
In 2009, lung cancer was estimated to be the second most common form of cancer diagnosed in men, after prostate, and the second, after breast cancer, in women. It is estimated that it caused 159,390 deaths more than breast, colon and prostate cancers combined. While age-adjusted death rates for this cancer have been declining since 2000, they remain high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Bechara
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Armin Ernst
- Thoracic Service Line, Caritas Christi Health Care, Brighton, MA, USA
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