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Huang YP, Yeh CA, Ma YS, Chen PY, Lai KC, Lien JC, Hsieh WT. PW06 suppresses cancer cell metastasis in human pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2 cells via the inhibitions of p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and MMP2/MMP9 signaling pathways in vitro. Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:2768-2781. [PMID: 38264921 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PW06 [(E)-3-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one], a kind of the carbazole derivative containing chalcone moiety, induced cell apoptosis in human pancreatic carcinoma in vitro. There is no investigation to show that PW06 inhibits cancer cell metastasis in human pancreatic carcinoma in vitro. Herein, PW06 (0.1-0.8 μM) significantly exists in the antimetastatic activities of human pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2 cells in vitro. Wound healing assay shows PW06 at 0.2 μM suppressed cell mobility by 7.45 and 16.55% at 6 and 24 hours of treatments. PW06 at 0.1 and 0.2 μM reduced cell mobility by 14.72 and 21.8% for 48 hours of treatment. Transwell chamber assay indicated PW06 (0.1-0.2 μM) suppressed the cell migration (decreased 26.67-35.42%) and invasion (decreased 48.51-68.66%). Atomic force microscopy assay shows PW06 (0.2 μM) significantly changed the shape of cell morphology. The gelatin zymography assay indicates PW06 decreased MMP2's and MMP9's activities at 48 hours of treatment. Western blotting assay further confirms PW06 reduced levels of MMP2 and MMP9 and increased protein expressions of EGFR, SOS1, and Ras. PW06 also increased the p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-p38. PW06 increased the expression of PI3K, PTEN, Akt, GSK3α/β, and E-cadherin. Nevertheless, results also show PW06 decreased p-Akt, mTOR, NF-κB, p-GSK3β, β-catenin, Snail, N-cadherin, and vimentin in MIA PaCa-2 cells. The confocal laser microscopy examination shows PW06 increased E-cadherin but decreased vimentin in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Together, our findings strongly suggest that PW06 inhibited the p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB/MMPs pathways, increased E-cadherin, and decreased N-cadherin/vimentin, suppressing the migration and invasion in MIA PaCa-2 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Cheng WY, Yang MY, Yeh CA, Yang YC, Chang KB, Chen KY, Liu SY, Tang CL, Shen CC, Hung HS. Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Loaded with Gold Nanoparticles for Regenerative Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051385. [PMID: 37242627 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the various concentrations of AuNP (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 ppm) were prepared to investigate the biocompatibility, biological performances and cell uptake efficiency via Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat model. The pure AuNP, AuNP combined with Col (AuNP-Col) and FITC conjugated AuNP-Col (AuNP-Col-FITC) were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) assays. For in vitro examinations, we explored whether the Wharton's jelly MSCs had better viability, higher CXCR4 expression, greater migration distance and lower apoptotic-related proteins expression with AuNP 1.25 and 2.5 ppm treatments. Furthermore, we considered whether the treatments of 1.25 and 2.5 ppm AuNP could induce the CXCR4 knocked down Wharton's jelly MSCs to express CXCR4 and reduce the expression level of apoptotic proteins. We also treated the Wharton's jelly MSCs with AuNP-Col to investigate the intracellular uptake mechanisms. The evidence demonstrated the cells uptake AuNP-Col through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase pathway with good stability inside the cells to avoid lysosomal degradation as well as better uptake efficiency. Additionally, the results from in vivo examinations elucidated the 2.5 ppm of AuNP attenuated foreign body responses and had better retention efficacy with tissue integrity in animal model. In conclusion, the evidence demonstrates that AuNP shows promise as a biosafe nanodrug delivery system for development of regenerative medicine coupled with Wharton's jelly MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Cheng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433304, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yin Yang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Yang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Bo Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Liu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lun Tang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chyi Shen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
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Hung HS, Yang YC, Kao WC, Yeh CA, Chang KB, Tang CM, Hsieh HH, Lee HT. Evaluation of the Biocompatibility and Endothelial Differentiation Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Polyethylene Glycol Nanogold Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234265. [PMID: 34883774 PMCID: PMC8659436 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis, where inflammation occurs in the blood vessel wall, are one of the major causes of death worldwide. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)-based treatment coupled with nanoparticles is considered to be a potential and promising therapeutic strategy for vascular regeneration. Thus, angiogenesis enhanced by nanoparticles is of critical concern. In this study, Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) incorporated with 43.5 ppm of gold (Au) nanoparticles was prepared for the evaluation of biological effects through in vitro and in vivo assessments. The physicochemical properties of PEG and PEG–Au nanocomposites were first characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFMs). Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species scavenger ability as well as the hydrophilic property of the nanocomposites were also investigated. Afterwards, the biocompatibility and biological functions of the PEG–Au nanocomposites were evaluated through in vitro assays. The thin coating of PEG containing 43.5 ppm of Au nanoparticles induced the least platelet and monocyte activation. Additionally, the cell behavior of MSCs on PEG–Au 43.5 ppm coating demonstrated better cell proliferation, low ROS generation, and enhancement of cell migration, as well as protein expression of the endothelialization marker CD31, which is associated with angiogenesis capacity. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory and endothelial differentiation ability were both evaluated through in vivo assessments. The evidence demonstrated that PEG–Au 43.5 ppm implantation inhibited capsule formation and facilitated the expression of CD31 in rat models. TUNEL assay also indicated that PEG–Au nanocomposites would not induce significant cell apoptosis. The above results elucidate that the surface modification of PEG–Au nanomaterials may enable them to serve as efficient tools for vascular regeneration grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (H.-S.H.); (W.-C.K.); (C.-A.Y.); (K.-B.C.)
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chien Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (H.-S.H.); (W.-C.K.); (C.-A.Y.); (K.-B.C.)
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (H.-S.H.); (W.-C.K.); (C.-A.Y.); (K.-B.C.)
| | - Kai-Bo Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (H.-S.H.); (W.-C.K.); (C.-A.Y.); (K.-B.C.)
| | - Cheng-Ming Tang
- College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Hsien-Hsu Hsieh
- Blood Bank, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan;
| | - Hsu-Tung Lee
- Cancer Prevention and Control Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Chou RH, Yang MY, Yang YP, Yeh CA, Lai WY, Lin TW, Teng YC, Hsieh SC, Kung ML, Hsieh HH, Hung HS. Evaluating the biocompatibility and biological performance of FePt-decorated nano-epoxy nanoparticles in mesenchymal stem cells. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:1109-1119. [PMID: 34643620 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles have wide potential applications in biolabeling, bioimaging, and cell tracking. Development of dual functional nanoparticles increases the versatility. METHODS We combined the fluorescent property of nano-epoxy (N-Epo) and the magnetic characteristic of FePt to fabricate the FePt-decorated N-Epo (N-Epo-FePt). The size in diameter of N-Epo-FePt (177.38 ± 39.25 nm) was bigger than N-Epo (2.28 ± 1.01 nm), both could be absorbed into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and have multiple fluorescent properties (blue, green, and red). RESULTS N-Epo-FePt prevented N-Epo-induced platelet activation, CD68+-macrophage differentiation in blood, and intracellular ROS generation in MSCs. The induction of apoptosis and the inhibitory effects of N-Epo-FePt on cell migration, MMP-9 activity, and secretion of SDF-1α were less than that of N-Epo in MSCs. CONCLUSION N-Epo-FePt was more biocompatible without altering biological performance than N-Epo in MSCs. These results suggest that N-Epo-FePt nanoparticle can be used for fluorescence labeling of MSCs and is potential to apply to bioimaging and cell tracking of MSCs in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Hwang Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Yin Yang
- Neurological Institute Head of Department of Neurosurgery Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- College of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- College of Medicine, National chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Yi Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Chi Teng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Lang Kung
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsien-Hsu Hsieh
- Blood Bank, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Hung HS, Kao WC, Shen CC, Chang KB, Tang CM, Yang MY, Yang YC, Yeh CA, Li JJ, Hsieh HH. Inflammatory Modulation of Polyethylene Glycol-AuNP for Regulation of the Neural Differentiation Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:2854. [PMID: 34831077 PMCID: PMC8616252 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A nanocomposite composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) incorporated with various concentrations (~17.4, ~43.5, ~174 ppm) of gold nanoparticles (Au) was created to investigate its biocompatibility and biological performance in vitro and in vivo. First, surface topography and chemical composition was determined through UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), free radical scavenging ability, and water contact angle measurement. Additionally, the diameters of the PEG-Au nanocomposites were also evaluated through dynamic light scattering (DLS) assay. According to the results, PEG containing 43.5 ppm of Au demonstrated superior biocompatibility and biological properties for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as well as superior osteogenic differentiation, adipocyte differentiation, and, particularly, neuronal differentiation. Indeed, PEG-Au 43.5 ppm induced better cell adhesion, proliferation and migration in MSCs. The higher expression of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis may be associated with MMPs activation and may have also promoted the differentiation capacity of MSCs. Moreover, it also prevented MSCs from apoptosis and inhibited macrophage and platelet activation, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory, biocompatibility, and endothelialization capacity of PEG-Au was measured in a rat model. After implanting the nanocomposites into rats subcutaneously for 4 weeks, PEG-Au 43.5 ppm was able to enhance the anti-immune response through inhibiting CD86 expression (M1 polarization), while also reducing leukocyte infiltration (CD45). Moreover, PEG-Au 43.5 ppm facilitated CD31 expression and anti-fibrosis ability. Above all, the PEG-Au nanocomposite was evidenced to strengthen the differentiation of MSCs into various cells, including fat, vessel, and bone tissue and, particularly, nerve cells. This research has elucidated that PEG combined with the appropriate amount of Au nanoparticles could become a potential biomaterial able to cooperate with MSCs for tissue regeneration engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (J.-J.L.)
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (J.-J.L.)
| | - Chiung-Chyi Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan; (C.-C.S.); (M.-Y.Y.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433304, Taiwan
- Basic Medical Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406053, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Bo Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (J.-J.L.)
| | - Cheng-Ming Tang
- College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Blood Bank, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan;
| | - Meng-Yin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan; (C.-C.S.); (M.-Y.Y.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Yi-Chin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan; (C.-C.S.); (M.-Y.Y.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (J.-J.L.)
| | - Jia-Jhan Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (J.-J.L.)
| | - Hsien-Hsu Hsieh
- Blood Bank, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan;
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Chiu CF, Fu RH, Hsu SH, Yu YH(A, Yang SF, Tsao TCY, Chang KB, Yeh CA, Tang CM, Huang SC, Hung HS. Delivery Capacity and Anticancer Ability of the Berberine-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles to Promote the Apoptosis Effect in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215317. [PMID: 34771481 PMCID: PMC8582582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this research, we aimed to evaluate the biological effects of physically gold nanoparticle-collagen nanocarrier incorporated with alkaloid berberine (Au-Col-BB) on non-transformed bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) and Her-2 breast cancer cell lines through in vitro and in vivo assessments. Au-Col-BB showed better cytotoxicity, as well as significantly induced cell apoptosis in Her-2 cancer cells compared with normal cells (non-transformed BAEC). Further, Au-Col-BB also demonstrated better anti-cancer capacity for inhibiting cell growth in Her-2 tumor-bearing mice. In brief, we confirmed that the Au-Col-BB nanocarrier could be a potential nanodrug for increasing the efficiency of specific therapeutic effects in breast cancer disease. Abstract Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were fabricated with biocompatible collagen (Col) and then conjugated with berberine (BB), denoted as Au-Col-BB, to investigate the endocytic mechanisms in Her-2 breast cancer cell line and in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Owing to the superior biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and potential functionalization with biomolecules, AuNPs have been well studied as carriers of biomolecules for diseases and cancer therapeutics. Composites of AuNPs with biopolymer, such as fibronectin or Col, have been revealed to increase cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. BB is a natural compound with impressive health benefits, such as lowering blood sugar and reducing weight. In addition, BB can inhibit cell proliferation by modulating cell cycle progress and autophagy, and induce cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. In the current research, BB was conjugated on the Col-AuNP composite (“Au-Col”). The UV-Visible spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the conjugation of BB on Au-Col. The particle size of the Au-Col-BB conjugate was about 227 nm, determined by dynamic light scattering. Furthermore, Au-Col-BB was less cytotoxic to BAEC vs. Her-2 cell line in terms of MTT assay and cell cycle behavior. Au-Col-BB, compared to Au-Col, showed greater cell uptake capacity and potential cellular transportation by BAEC and Her-2 using the fluorescence-conjugated Au-Col-BB. In addition, the clathrin-mediated endocytosis and cell autophagy seemed to be the favorite endocytic mechanism for the internalization of Au-Col-BB by BAEC and Her-2. Au-Col-BB significantly inhibited cell migration in Her-2, but not in BAEC. Moreover, apoptotic cascade proteins, such as Bax and p21, were expressed in Her-2 after the treatment of Au-Col-BB. The tumor suppression was examined in a model of xenograft mice treated with Au-Col-BB nanovehicles. Results demonstrated that the tumor weight was remarkably reduced by the treatment of Au-Col-BB. Altogether, the promising findings of Au-Col-BB nanocarrier on Her-2 breast cancer cell line suggest that Au-Col-BB may be a good candidate of anticancer drug for the treatment of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Feng Chiu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-F.C.); (S.-F.Y.)
- Division of Chest, Department of Internal Medicine, Feng Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 42055, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (R.-H.F.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (S.-C.H.)
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yang-Hao (Alex) Yu
- Changhua Hospital, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Changhua 51341, Taiwan;
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-F.C.); (S.-F.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Chang-Yao Tsao
- Division of Chest, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Bo Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (R.-H.F.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (R.-H.F.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Cheng-Ming Tang
- Collage of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Chu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (R.-H.F.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (R.-H.F.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (S.-C.H.)
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22052121 (ext. 7827); Fax: +886-4-22333641
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Hung HS, Kung ML, Chen FC, Ke YC, Shen CC, Yang YC, Tang CM, Yeh CA, Hsieh HH, Hsu SH. Nanogold-Carried Graphene Oxide: Anti-Inflammation and Increased Differentiation Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2046. [PMID: 34443877 PMCID: PMC8398640 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanocomposites such as graphene oxide (GO) and nanoparticle-decorated graphene with demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties have worthwhile applications in biomedicine and bioengineering such as tissue engineering. In this study, we fabricated gold nanoparticle-decorated GO (GO-Au) nanocomposites and characterized their physicochemical properties using UV-Vis absorption spectra, FTIR spectra, contact angle analyses, and free radical scavenging potential. Moreover, we investigated the potent applications of GO-Au nanocomposites on directing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for tissue regeneration. We compared the efficacy of as-prepared GO-derived nanocomposites including GO, GO-Au, and GO-Au (×2) on the biocompatibility of MSCs, immune cell identification, anti-inflammatory effects, differentiation capacity, as well as animal immune compatibility. Our results showed that Au-deposited GO nanocomposites, especially GO-Au (×2), significantly exhibited increased cell viability of MSCs, had good anti-oxidative ability, sponged the immune response toward monocyte-macrophage transition, as well as inhibited the activity of platelets. Moreover, we also validated the superior efficacy of Au-deposited GO nanocomposites on the enhancement of cell motility and various MSCs-derived cell types of differentiation including neuron cells, adipocytes, osteocytes, and endothelial cells. Additionally, the lower induction of fibrotic formation, reduced M1 macrophage polarization, and higher induction of M2 macrophage, as well as promotion of the endothelialization, were also found in the Au-deposited GO nanocomposites implanted animal model. These results suggest that the Au-deposited GO nanocomposites have excellent immune compatibility and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, our findings indicate that Au-decorated GO nanocomposites, especially GO-Au (×2), can be a potent nanocarrier for tissue engineering and an effective clinical strategy for anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (H.-S.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-A.Y.)
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lang Kung
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Chung Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chun Ke
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (H.-S.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-A.Y.)
| | - Chiung-Chyi Shen
- Neurological Institute Head of Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (C.-C.S.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433304, Taiwan
- Basic Medical Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Yang
- Neurological Institute Head of Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (C.-C.S.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Chang-Ming Tang
- Collage of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (H.-S.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (C.-A.Y.)
| | - Hsien-Hsu Hsieh
- Blood Bank, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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8
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Liu JS, Yeh CA, Huang IC, Huang GY, Chiu CH, Mahalakshmi B, Wen SY, Huang CY, Kuo WW. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 mediates apoptosis inhibition through reducing mitochondrial ROS and activating Bcl-2 in gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer A549 cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3896-3905. [PMID: 33283880 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In this study, we used lung adenocarcinoma cells as a model, as lung adenocarcinoma has the highest mortality rate among all lung cancers. For the past few years, medical treatments or lung cancer have been limited because of chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of the development of drug resistance in lung cancer is urgent. Gemcitabine is widely prescribed in the chemotherapeutic treatment of lung cancers. In this study, we developed gemcitabine-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549-GR) from the A549 cell line. The results showed that apoptotic protein expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were reduced in A549-GR cells compared to A549 cells. Interestingly, we found that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) translocated to the nucleus and mitochondria to affect the apoptotic pathway and ROS generation, respectively. Furthermore, treatment with STAT3 small interfering RNA diminished the increase in ROS production, proliferation and antiapoptotic proteins in A549-GR cells. Taken together, the study demonstrated that STAT3 acts as an essential regulator and moderates apoptosis through two major mechanisms to induce gemcitabine resistance in cells; and these findings provide a potential target for the treatment of gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sheng Liu
- China Medical University Beigang Hospital Thoracic Department, Yunlin, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chieh Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - B Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Su-Ying Wen
- Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Dermatology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Hung HS, Yu AYH, Hsieh SC, Kung ML, Huang HY, Fu RH, Yeh CA, Hsu SH. Enhanced Biocompatibility and Differentiation Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Poly(dimethylsiloxane) by Topographically Patterned Dopamine. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:44393-44406. [PMID: 32697572 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through topographic patterns is an effective approach for stem cell studies. We, herein, reported a facile method to create a dopamine (DA) pattern on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The topography of micropatterned DA was produced on PDMS after plasma treatment. The grid-topographic-patterned surface of PDMS-DA (PDMS-DA-P) was measured for adhesion force and Young's modulus by atomic force microscopy. The surface of PDMS-DA-P demonstrated less stiff and more elastic characteristics compared to either nonpatterned PDMS-DA or PDMS. The PDMS-DA-P evidently enhanced the differentiation of MSCs into various tissue cells, including nerve, vessel, bone, and fat. We further designed comprehensive experiments to investigate adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MSCs in response to PDMS-DA-P and showed that the DA-patterned surface had good biocompatibility and did not activate macrophages or platelets in vitro and had low foreign body reaction in vivo. Besides, it protected MSCs from apoptosis as well as excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Particularly, the patterned surface enhanced the differentiation capacity of MSCs toward neural and endothelial cells. The stromal cell-derived factor-1α/CXantiCR4 pathway may be involved in mediating the self-recruitment and promoting the differentiation of MSCs. These findings support the potential application of PDMS-DA-P in either cell treatment or tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Alex Yang-Hao Yu
- Ministry of Health & Welfare, Changhua Hospital, Changhua 51341, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Lang Kung
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Cosmeceutics and Graduate Institute of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
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10
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Hung HS, Bau DT, Yeh CA, Kung ML. Evaluation of cellular uptake mechanisms for AuNP-collagen-Avemar nanocarrier on transformed and non-transformed cell lines. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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11
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Hsu SH, Yu A, Yeh CA, Sun WS, Lin SZ, Fu RH, Hsieh HH, Wu PY, Hung HS. Biocompatible Nanogold Carrier Coated with Hyaluronic Acid for Efficient Delivery of Plasmid or siRNA to Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2019; 2:1017-1030. [PMID: 35021392 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Alex Yu
- Department of Acute and Critical Care, Chang-Hua Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Changhua 51341, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Shen Sun
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsien-Hsu Hsieh
- Blood Bank, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Yuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
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12
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Lin CM, Kao WC, Yeh CA, Chen HJ, Lin SZ, Hsieh HH, Sun WS, Chang CH, Hung HS. Hyaluronic acid-fabricated nanogold delivery of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2 siRNAs inhibits benzo[a]pyrene-induced oncogenic properties of lung cancer A549 cells. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:105101. [PMID: 25693888 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/10/105101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a component of cooking oil fumes (COF), promotes lung cancer cell proliferation and survival via the induction of inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2 (IAP-2) proteins. Thus knockdown of IAP-2 would be a promising way to battle against lung cancer caused by COF. Functionalized gold nanoparticle (AuNP) is an effective delivery system for bio-active materials. Here, biocompatible hyaluronic acid (HA) was fabricated into nanoparticles to increase the target specificity by binding to CD44-over-expressed cancer cells. IAP-2-specific small-interfering RNA (siRNAs) or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were then incorporated into AuNP-HA. Conjugation of IAP-2 siRNA into AuNPs-HA was verified by the UV-vis spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Further studies showed that AuNP-HA/FITC were effectively taken up by A549 cells through CD44-mediated endocytosis. Incubation of BaP-challenged cells with AuNP-HA-IAP-2 siRNAs silenced the expression of IAP-2, decreased cell proliferation and triggered pronounced cell apoptosis by the decrease in Bcl-2 protein and the increase in Bax protein as well as the active form of caspases-3. The BaP-elicited cell migration and enzymatic activity of the secreted matrix metalloproteinase-2 were also substantially suppressed by treatment with AuNP-HA-IAP-2 siRNAs. These results indicated that IAP-2 siRNAs can be efficiently delivered into A549 cells by functionalized AuNP-HA to repress the IAP-2 expression and BaP-induced oncogenic events, suggesting the potential therapeutic application of IAP-2 siRNA or other siRNA-conjugated AuNP-HA composites to COF-induced lung cancer and other gene-caused diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ming Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
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