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Chung JCY, Eliathamby D, Seo H, Fan CP, Islam R, Deol K, Simmons CA, Ouzounian M. Biomechanical properties of the aortic root are distinct from those of the ascending aorta in both normal and aneurysmal states. JTCVS Open 2023; 16:38-47. [PMID: 38204645 PMCID: PMC10775071 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Although aneurysms of the ascending aorta and the aortic root are treated similarly in clinical guidelines, how biomechanical properties differ between these 2 segments of aorta is poorly defined. Methods Biomechanical testing was performed on tissue collected from the aortic root (normal = 11, aneurysm = 51) and the ascending aorta (normal = 21, aneurysm = 76). Energy loss, tangent modulus of elasticity, and delamination strength were evaluated. These biomechanical properties were then compared between (1) normal ascending and normal root tissue, (2) normal and aneurysmal root tissue, (3) normal and aneurysmal ascending tissue, and (4) aneurysmal root and aneurysmal ascending tissue. Propensity score matching was performed to further compare aneurysmal root and aneurysmal ascending aortic tissue. Clinical and biomechanical variables associated with decreased delamination strength in the aortic root were evaluated. Results The normal aortic root demonstrated greater viscoelastic behavior (energy loss 0.08 [0.06, 0.10] vs 0.05 [0.04, 0.06], P = .008), and greater resistance against delamination (93 [58, 126] mN/mm vs 54 [40, 63] mN/mm, P = .05) compared with the ascending aorta. Delamination strength was significantly reduced in aneurysms in both the root and the ascending aorta compared with their normal states. Aneurysms of the aortic root matched to the ascending aortic aneurysms in terms of baseline characteristics including size, were characterized by a larger decrease in delamination strength from baseline (Δ -59 mN/mm vs Δ -24 mN/mm). Aging (P = .003) and the presence of hypertension (P = .02) were associated with weakening of the aortic root, while diameter did not have this association (P = .29). Conclusions The normal aortic root was found to have distinct biomechanical properties compared with the ascending aorta. When aneurysms form in the aortic root, there is less strength against delamination, without other biomechanical changes such as increased energy loss observed in aneurysmal ascending aortas. Age and hypertension were associated decreased aortic wall strength in the aortic root, whereas diameter had no such association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C.-Y. Chung
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniella Eliathamby
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hijun Seo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chun-Po Fan
- Rogers Computational Program, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rifat Islam
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karamvir Deol
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig A. Simmons
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maral Ouzounian
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ródenas-Alesina E, Foroutan F, Fan CP, Stehlik J, Bartlett I, Tremblay-Gravel M, Aleksova N, Rao V, Miller RJH, Khush KK, Ross HJ, Moayedi Y. Predicted Heart Mass: A Tale of 2 Ventricles. Circ Heart Fail 2023; 16:e008311. [PMID: 37602381 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.008311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total predicted heart mass (PHM) is the recommended metric to assess donor-recipient size matching in patients undergoing heart transplantation. Separately measuring right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) PHM may improve risk prediction of 1-year graft failure. METHODS Adult heart transplant recipients from the UNOS database from 2000 to 2018 were included in the study. LV and RV PHM were modeled as restricted cubic splines. The association with 1-year graft failure was determined using adjusted Cox regression. The risk reclassification of using both LV and RV PHM versus total PHM was assessed using the net reclassification index. RESULTS A total of 34 976 recipients were included. We observed a U-shaped association between total PHM and 1-year graft failure, such that risk increased for hearts undersized by >15% and those oversized by more than 27%. Graft failure incrementally increased when LV PHM was undersized by more than 5% and when RV was oversized by >20%. There was 1.5-fold greater risk of graft failure for an LV undersized by >26% or an RV oversized by more than 40%. Using LV and RV PHM risk-assessment separately led to a net reclassification index=8.5% ([95% CI, 5.3%-11.7%], nonevent net reclassification index=9.1%, event net reclassification index=-0.6%). CONCLUSIONS The association between donor-recipient PHM match and the risk of graft failure after heart transplantation can be further understood as risk attributable to LV undersizing and RV oversizing. Assessing LV and RV PHM separately instead of total PHM could further refine the methods used to match donors and recipients for heart transplantation, minimize the risk of 1-year graft failure, and increase the use of donor organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Ródenas-Alesina
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research (E.R.-A., I.B., N.A., H.J.R., Y.M.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farid Foroutan
- Ted Rogers Computational Program (F.F., C.-P.S.F.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chun-Po Fan
- Ted Rogers Computational Program (F.F., C.-P.S.F.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Josef Stehlik
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (J.S.)
| | - Ina Bartlett
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research (E.R.-A., I.B., N.A., H.J.R., Y.M.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Natasha Aleksova
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research (E.R.-A., I.B., N.A., H.J.R., Y.M.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vivek Rao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiac Transplant, and Mechanical Circulatory Support, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (V.R.)
| | - Robert J H Miller
- Division of Cardiology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (R.J.H.M.)
| | - Kiran K Khush
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (K.K.K.)
| | - Heather J Ross
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research (E.R.-A., I.B., N.A., H.J.R., Y.M.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yasbanoo Moayedi
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research (E.R.-A., I.B., N.A., H.J.R., Y.M.), Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Nguyen M, Zhang N, Aguet J, Venet M, Fan CP, Mertens L, Barron DJ, Baranger J, Villemain O. TOWARDS TRANSTHORACIC QUANTITATIVE MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION ASSESSMENT USING ULTRAFAST ULTRASOUND IMAGING. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(23)01975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Kinsella A, Rao V, Fan CP, Manlhiot C, Stehlik J, Ross H, Alba AC. Post-transplant survival in adult congenital heart disease patients as compared to dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy patients; an analysis of the thoracic ISHLT registry. Clin Transplant 2020; 34. [PMID: 32478908 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) is associated with high early post-transplant mortality but improved long-term survival in comparison to the overall heart transplant population. We aimed to evaluate survival outcomes of ACHD in adult transplant recipient patients as specifically compared to ischemic (ICM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) groups. Adult heart transplant recipients between 2004 and 2014 were identified from the ISHLT registry. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis to evaluate overall survival, 1-year survival, and 1-year conditional survival among etiology groups and multivariable Cox proportional hazard (PH) models to assess the association between etiology of cardiomyopathy and 1-year and long-term all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality. We included 30 130 heart transplant recipients. One-year survival was 78.3% in ACHD, 84.3% in ICM, and 86.2% in DCM patients (P < .001). By multivariable analysis, during first post-transplant year, ACHD and ICM patients were at significantly higher mortality risk than DCM. Adjusted post-transplant mortality risk, conditional on 1-year survival, was not statistically different in ACHD and DCM while ICM patients had 17% higher long-term mortality risk than DCM patients leading to overall worse outcomes in ICM patients. Therefore, ICM patients have poorer outcomes in comparison to both DCM and ACHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Rao
- Cardiac Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chun-Po Fan
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cedric Manlhiot
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Josef Stehlik
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Ross
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana C Alba
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Background Prognostication of heart failure patients from cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) currently involves simplification of complex time-series data into summary indices. We hypothesized that prognostication could be improved by considering the totality of the data generated during a CPET, instead of using summary indices alone. Methods and Results Complete data from 1156 CPETs were used to predict clinical deterioration (characterized by initiation of mechanical circulatory support, listing for heart transplantation or mortality) 1 year post-CPET. We compared the prognostic value (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of (1) the most predictive summary indices, (2) staged data collected at discrete intervals using multivariable regression models, and (3) breath-by-breath data using a feedforward neural network. The top-performing models were compared with the commonly used CPET risk score, using absolute net reclassification index. All models were trained and assessed using a 100-iteration Monte Carlo cross-validation. A total of 190 (16.4%) patients experienced clinical deterioration. The summary indices demonstrated subpar discriminative value (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≤0.800). Each multivariable model outperformed the summary indices, with the neural network incorporating breath-by-breath data achieving the best performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve =0.842). When compared with the CPET risk score (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve =0.759), the top-performing model obtained a net reclassification index of 4.9%. Conclusions The current practice of considering summary indices in isolation fails to realize the full value of CPET data. This may lead to less accurate prognostication of patients and in consequence, inaccurate selection of patients for advanced therapy. Clinical practices, like CPET prognostication, must be continuously reevaluated to ensure optimal usage of valuable (and oft-underutilized) data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hearn
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network (J.H., H.J.R., J.D., M.W., A.C.A., C.M.).,Cardiovascular Data Management Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children (J.H., B.M., C.-P.F., E.C., C.M.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather J Ross
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network (J.H., H.J.R., J.D., M.W., A.C.A., C.M.)
| | - Brigitte Mueller
- Cardiovascular Data Management Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children (J.H., B.M., C.-P.F., E.C., C.M.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chun-Po Fan
- Cardiovascular Data Management Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children (J.H., B.M., C.-P.F., E.C., C.M.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edgar Crowdy
- Cardiovascular Data Management Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children (J.H., B.M., C.-P.F., E.C., C.M.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe Duhamel
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network (J.H., H.J.R., J.D., M.W., A.C.A., C.M.)
| | - Mike Walker
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network (J.H., H.J.R., J.D., M.W., A.C.A., C.M.)
| | - Ana Carolina Alba
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network (J.H., H.J.R., J.D., M.W., A.C.A., C.M.)
| | - Cedric Manlhiot
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network (J.H., H.J.R., J.D., M.W., A.C.A., C.M.).,Cardiovascular Data Management Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children (J.H., B.M., C.-P.F., E.C., C.M.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Morgan CT, Tang A, Fan CP, Golding F, Manlhiot C, van Arsdell G, Honjo O, Jaeggi E. Contemporary Outcomes and Factors Associated With Mortality After a Fetal or Postnatal Diagnosis of Common Arterial Trunk. Can J Cardiol 2018; 35:446-452. [PMID: 30935635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common arterial trunk (CAT) is a rare anomaly with a spectrum of pathology. We sought to identify current trends and factors associated with postnatal outcomes. METHODS This was a single-centre review including 153 live births with planned surgery. Patients were analyzed as 2 cohorts based on era of CAT diagnosis (1990 to 1999 vs 2000 to 2014) and complexity of disease (simple vs complex). "Complex" required the association with significant aortic arch obstruction, truncal valve (TV) stenosis/regurgitation, and/or branch pulmonary artery (PA) hypoplasia, respectively. RESULTS Sixteen (10%) died preoperatively, and this outcome was associated with significant TV stenosis (odds ratio [OR] 4.55; P = 0.01) and regurgitation (OR 3.17; P = 0.04); 130 (95%) of 137 operated infants underwent primary complete repair. Their survival rates to 1 year improved from 54% to 85% after 2000, although this outcome remained substantially lower for cases with a complex vs simple CAT repair (76% vs 95%; OR 6.46; P = 0.006). Other risk factors associated with decreased 1-year survival included diagnosis before 2000 (OR 4.48; P = 0.038) and a lower birth weight (OR 8.0 per kg weight; P = 0.001). Finally, of 93 survivors beyond year 1 of life, 76 (82%) had undergone a total of 224 reinterventions. Only 15 (16%) were alive without any surgical or catheter-based reintervention at study end. CONCLUSIONS Despite recent surgical improvements, postnatal mortality continues to be substantial if CAT is complicated by significant pathology of the TV, aortic arch, or branch PAs. Reoperations and catheter interventions are eventualities for most patients during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conall T Morgan
- Divisions of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Tang
- Divisions of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chun-Po Fan
- Divisions of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fraser Golding
- Divisions of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cedric Manlhiot
- Divisions of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glen van Arsdell
- Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Osami Honjo
- Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edgar Jaeggi
- Divisions of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Fan CP, Liang JX, Hou JM. [A case report of POEMS syndrome with multiple endocrine abnormalities as the main manifestations]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2016; 55:548-550. [PMID: 27373293 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Zhu SQ, Fang CX, Zhu SH, Zhang LZ, Fan CP, Zhang JX. [Inductive effect of hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system on lambda prophage]. Mikrobiologiia 2004; 73:51-6. [PMID: 15074040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (HX-XO) system is a classical system that can generate superoxide anions. The inductive effect of the HX-XO system for lambda prophage has been investigated in this study. The results showed that the system can induce lambda prophage from lysogenic state to lytic growth. The inductive effect was directly proportional to the concentration of HX and XO and inversely related to the time of preliminary incubation of HX with XO. The cell density of the lysogenic bacteria also greatly affected the inductive effect. The maximal PFU number of 2.9 x 10(4) PFU/ml was recorded at 0.86 mM HX, 1.6 x 10(-2) U/ml XO, and a cell density of 10(8) cells/ml. The inductive effect of the HX-XO system was inhibited in the suspensions by glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. The results provide evidence that free radicals are the primary factors in the induction of lambda prophage in lysogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Q Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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