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Kanegai CM, Xi Y, Donne ML, Gotts JE, Driver IH, Amidzic G, Lechner AJ, Jones KD, Vaughan AE, Chapman HA, Rock JR. Persistent Pathology in Influenza-Infected Mouse Lungs. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 55:613-615. [PMID: 27689795 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0387le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Xi
- 1 University of California San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Ian H Driver
- 1 University of California San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Kirk D Jones
- 1 University of California San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Jason R Rock
- 1 University of California San Francisco, California
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Hahn CK, Ross KN, Warrington IM, Mazitschek R, Kanegai CM, Wright RD, Kung AL, Golub TR, Stegmaier K. Expression-based screening identifies the combination of histone deacetylase inhibitors and retinoids for neuroblastoma differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:9751-6. [PMID: 18607002 PMCID: PMC2474517 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0710413105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new small molecules and their testing in rational combination poses an ongoing problem for rare diseases, in particular, for pediatric cancers such as neuroblastoma. Despite maximal cytotoxic therapy with double autologous stem cell transplantation, outcome remains poor for children with high-stage disease. Because differentiation is aberrant in this malignancy, compounds that modulate transcription, such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, are of particular interest. However, as single agents, HDAC inhibitors have had limited efficacy. In the present study, we use an HDAC inhibitor as an enhancer to screen a small-molecule library for compounds inducing neuroblastoma maturation. To quantify differentiation, we use an enabling gene expression-based screening strategy. The top hit identified in the screen was all-trans-retinoic acid. Secondary assays confirmed greater neuroblastoma differentiation with the combination of an HDAC inhibitor and a retinoid versus either alone. Furthermore, effects of combination therapy were synergistic with respect to inhibition of cellular viability and induction of apoptosis. In a xenograft model of neuroblastoma, animals treated with combination therapy had the longest survival. This work suggests that testing of an HDAC inhibitor and retinoid in combination is warranted for children with neuroblastoma and demonstrates the success of a signature-based screening approach to prioritize compound combinations for testing in rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia K. Hahn
- *Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kenneth N. Ross
- The Broad Institute of Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Ian M. Warrington
- *Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- The Broad Institute of Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Cindy M. Kanegai
- *Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Renee D. Wright
- *Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Andrew L. Kung
- *Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Todd R. Golub
- *Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- The Broad Institute of Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815; and
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- *Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- The Broad Institute of Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
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Gordon MS, Kanegai CM, Doerr JR, Wall R. Somatic hypermutation of the B cell receptor genes B29 (Igbeta, CD79b) and mb1 (Igalpha, CD79a). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:4126-31. [PMID: 12651942 PMCID: PMC153059 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0735266100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2002] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic hypermutation (SHM), coupled to selection by antigen, generates high-affinity antibodies during germinal center (GC) B cell maturation. SHM is known to affect Bcl6, four additional oncogenes in diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and the CD95Fas gene and is regarded as a major mechanism of B cell tumorigenesis. We find that mutations in the genes encoding the B cell receptor (BCR) accessory proteins B29 (Igbeta, CD79b) and mb1 (Igalpha, CD79a) occur as often as Ig genes in a broad spectrum of GC- and post-GC-derived malignant B cell lines, as well as in normal peripheral B cells. These B29 and mb1 mutations are typical SHM consisting largely of single nucleotide substitutions targeted to hotspots. The B29 and mb1 mutations appear at frequencies similar to those of other non-Ig genes but lower than Ig genes. The distribution of mb1 mutations followed the characteristic pattern found in Ig and most non-Ig genes. In contrast, B29 mutations displayed a bimodal distribution resembling the CD95Fas gene, in which promoter distal mutations conferred resistance to apoptosis. Distal B29 mutations in the cytoplasmic domain may contribute to B cell survival by limiting BCR signaling. B29 and mb1 are mutated in a much broader spectrum of GC-derived B cells than any other known somatically hypermutated non-Ig gene. This may be caused by the common cis-acting regulatory sequences that control the requisite coexpression of the B29, mb1, and Ig chains in the BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda S Gordon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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