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Cofán M, Checa A, Serra-Mir M, Roth I, Valls-Pedret C, Lopez-Illamola A, Doménech M, Rajaram S, Lázaro I, Sabaté J, Ros E, Wheelock CE, Sala-Vila A. A Walnut-Enriched Diet for 2 Years Changes the Serum Oxylipin Profile in Healthy Older Persons. J Nutr 2024; 154:395-402. [PMID: 38081585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxylipins are products derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that play a role in cardiovascular disease and aging. Fish oil-derived n-3 PUFAs promote the formation of anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory oxylipins; however, there are little data on oxylipins derived from α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), the primary plant-derived n-3 PUFA. Walnuts are a source of C18:3n-3. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect on serum oxylipins of a diet enriched with walnuts at 15% energy (30-60 g/d; 2.6-5.2 g C18:3n-3/d) for 2 y compared to a control diet (abstention from walnuts) in healthy older males and females (63-79 y). METHODS The red blood cell proportion of α-linolenic acid was determined by gas chromatography as a measure of compliance. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure serum concentrations of 53 oxylipins in participants randomly assigned to receive the walnut diet (n = 64) or the control diet (n = 51). Two-year concentration changes (final minus baseline) were log-transformed (base log-10) and standardized (mean-centered and divided by the standard deviation of each variable). Volcano plots were then generated (fold change ≥1.5; false discovery rate ≤0.1). For each oxylipin delta surviving multiple testing, we further assessed between-intervention group differences by analysis of covariance adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and the baseline concentration of the oxylipin. RESULTS The 2-y change in red blood cell C18:3n-3 in the walnut group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Compared to the control diet, the walnut diet resulted in statistically significantly greater increases in 3 C18:3n-3-derived oxylipins (9-HOTrE, 13-HOTrE, and 12,13-EpODE) and in the C20:5n-3 derived 14,15-diHETE, and greater reductions of the C20:4n-6-derived 5-HETE, 19-HETE, and 5,6-diHETrE. CONCLUSIONS Long-term walnut consumption changes the serum oxylipin profile in healthy older persons. Our results add novel mechanistic evidence on the cardioprotective effects of walnuts. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01634841.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Checa
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Roth
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Lopez-Illamola
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Doménech
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; The Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, United States.
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Gil-Zamorano J, Cofán M, López de las Hazas MC, García-Blanco T, García-Ruiz A, Doménech M, Serra-Mir M, Roth I, Valls-Pedret C, Rajaram S, Sabaté J, Ros E, Dávalos A, Sala-Vila A. Interplay of Walnut Consumption, Changes in Circulating miRNAs and Reduction in LDL-Cholesterol in Elders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071473. [PMID: 35406086 PMCID: PMC9003099 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the lipid-lowering effect of nuts remain elusive. This study explores whether one-year supplementation with walnuts decreases LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) by affecting the expression of circulating microRNAs (c-miRNA). In this sub-study of the Walnuts and Healthy Aging (WAHA) trial, we obtained fasting serum at baseline and at 1 year from 330 free-living participants (63–79 year, 68% women), allocated into a control group (CG, abstinence from walnuts, n = 164) and a walnut group (WG, 15% of daily energy as walnuts, ~30–60 g/d, n = 166). Participants in the WG showed a 1 year decrease in LDL-C (−9.07, (95% confidence interval: −12.87; −5.73) mg/dL; p = 0.010 versus changes in the CG). We conducted a miRNA array in eight randomly selected participants in the WG who decreased in LDL-C. This yielded 53 c-miRNAs with statistically significant changes, 27 of which survived the correction for multiple testing. When validating them in the full population, statistical significance lasted for hsa-miR-551a, being upregulated in the WG. In mediation analysis, the change in hsa-miR-551a was unrelated to LDL-C decrease. Long-term supplementation with walnuts decreased LDL-C independently of the changes in c-miRNA. The hsa-miR-551a upregulation, which has been linked to a reduced cell migration and invasion in several carcinomas, suggests a novel mechanism of walnuts in cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Gil-Zamorano
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (M.-C.L.d.l.H.); (T.G.-B.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.D.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (C.V.-P.); (E.R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Carmen López de las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (M.-C.L.d.l.H.); (T.G.-B.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Tatiana García-Blanco
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (M.-C.L.d.l.H.); (T.G.-B.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Almudena García-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (M.-C.L.d.l.H.); (T.G.-B.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Mónica Doménech
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.D.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (C.V.-P.); (E.R.)
| | - Mercè Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.D.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (C.V.-P.); (E.R.)
| | - Irene Roth
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.D.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (C.V.-P.); (E.R.)
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.D.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (C.V.-P.); (E.R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.D.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (C.V.-P.); (E.R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (M.-C.L.d.l.H.); (T.G.-B.); (A.G.-R.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (A.S.-V.); Tel.: +34-912796985 (A.D.); +34-933160400 (A.S.-V.)
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (A.S.-V.); Tel.: +34-912796985 (A.D.); +34-933160400 (A.S.-V.)
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Rajaram S, Cofán M, Sala-Vila A, Haddad E, Serra-Mir M, Bitok E, Roth I, Freitas-Simoes TM, Kaur A, Valls-Pedret C, Doménech M, Oda K, Corella D, Sabaté J, Ros E. Effects of Walnut Consumption for 2 Years on Lipoprotein Subclasses Among Healthy Elders: Findings From the WAHA Randomized Controlled Trial. Circulation 2021; 144:1083-1085. [PMID: 34455809 PMCID: PMC8478315 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health (S.R., E.H., A.K., K.O., J.S.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C., M.S.-M., I.R., T.M.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.D., E.R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain (M.C., M.D., D.C., E.R.)
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (A.S.-V.)
- Fatty Acid Research Institute (FARI), Sioux Falls, SD (A.S.-V.)
| | - Ella Haddad
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health (S.R., E.H., A.K., K.O., J.S.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Mercè Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C., M.S.-M., I.R., T.M.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.D., E.R.)
| | - Edward Bitok
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health (E.B.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Irene Roth
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C., M.S.-M., I.R., T.M.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.D., E.R.)
| | - Tania M Freitas-Simoes
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C., M.S.-M., I.R., T.M.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.D., E.R.)
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health (S.R., E.H., A.K., K.O., J.S.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C., M.S.-M., I.R., T.M.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.D., E.R.)
| | - Mónica Doménech
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C., M.S.-M., I.R., T.M.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.D., E.R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain (M.C., M.D., D.C., E.R.)
| | - Keiji Oda
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health (S.R., E.H., A.K., K.O., J.S.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain (M.C., M.D., D.C., E.R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.)
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health (S.R., E.H., A.K., K.O., J.S.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C., M.S.-M., I.R., T.M.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.D., E.R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain (M.C., M.D., D.C., E.R.)
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López de Las Hazas MC, Gil-Zamorano J, Cofán M, Mantilla-Escalante DC, Garcia-Ruiz A, Del Pozo-Acebo L, Pastor O, Yañez-Mo M, Mazzeo C, Serra-Mir M, Doménech M, Valls-Pedret C, Rajaram S, Sabaté J, Ros E, Sala-Vila A, Dávalos A. One-year dietary supplementation with walnuts modifies exosomal miRNA in elderly subjects. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:1999-2011. [PMID: 32979076 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological studies and clinical trials support the association of nut consumption with a lower risk of prevalent non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying nut benefits remain to be fully described. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and play a pivotal role in health and disease. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released from cells and mediate intercellular communication. Whether nut consumption modulates circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) transported in exosomes is poorly described. METHODS Cognitively healthy elderly subjects were randomized to either control (n = 110, abstaining from walnuts) or daily supplementation with walnuts (15% of their total energy, ≈30-60 g/day, n = 101) for 1-year. C-miRNAs were screened in exosomes isolated from 10 samples, before and after supplementation, and identified c-miRNA candidates were validated in the whole cohort. In addition, nanoparticle tracking analysis and lipidomics were assessed in pooled exosomes from the whole cohort. RESULTS Exosomal hsa-miR-32-5p and hsa-miR-29b-3p were consistently induced by walnut consumption. No major changes in exosomal lipids, nanoparticle concentration or size were found. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel evidence that certain c-miRNAs transported in exosomes are modulated by walnut consumption. The extent to which this finding contributes to the benefits of walnuts deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judit Gil-Zamorano
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana C Mantilla-Escalante
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Garcia-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Del Pozo-Acebo
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Pastor
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica (UCA-CCM), Hospital Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Yañez-Mo
- Department of Molecular Biology, UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM-SO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Mazzeo
- Department of Molecular Biology, UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM-SO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Doménech
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, IMIM, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Vaqué-Alcázar L, Abellaneda-Pérez K, Solé-Padullés C, Bargalló N, Valls-Pedret C, Ros E, Sala-Llonch R, Bartrés-Faz D. Functional brain changes associated with cognitive trajectories determine specific tDCS-induced effects among older adults. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2188-2200. [PMID: 34047384 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can provide original data to investigate age-related brain changes. We examined neural activity modulations induced by two multifocal tDCS procedures based on two distinct montages fitting two N-back task-based fMRI patterns ("compensatory" and "maintenance") related to high working memory (WM) in a previous publication (Fernández-Cabello et al. Neurobiol Aging (2016);48:23-33). We included 24 participants classified as stable or decliners according to their 4-year WM trajectories following a retrospective longitudinal approach. Then, we studied longitudinal fMRI differences between groups (stable and decliners) and across multifocal tDCS montages ("compensatory" and "maintenance") applied using a single-blind sham-controlled cross-over design. Decliners evidenced over-activation of non-related WM areas after 4 years of follow-up. Focusing on tDCS effects, among the decliner group, the "compensatory"-tDCS montage reduced the activity over the posterior regions where these subjects showed longitudinal hyperactivation. These results reinforce the notion that tDCS effects are characterized by an activity reduction and might be more noticeable in compromised systems. Importantly, the data provide novel evidence that cognitive trajectories predict tDCS effects in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Vaqué-Alcázar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kilian Abellaneda-Pérez
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Service, Centre de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roser Sala-Llonch
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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Cofán M, Rajaram S, Sala-Vila A, Valls-Pedret C, Serra-Mir M, Roth I, Freitas-Simoes TM, Bitok E, Sabaté J, Ros E. Effects of 2-Year Walnut-Supplemented Diet on Inflammatory Biomarkers. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 76:2282-2284. [PMID: 33153588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sala-Vila A, Valls-Pedret C, Rajaram S, Coll-Padrós N, Cofán M, Serra-Mir M, Pérez-Heras AM, Roth I, Freitas-Simoes TM, Doménech M, Calvo C, López-Illamola A, Bitok E, Buxton NK, Huey L, Arechiga A, Oda K, Lee GJ, Corella D, Vaqué-Alcázar L, Sala-Llonch R, Bartrés-Faz D, Sabaté J, Ros E. Effect of a 2-year diet intervention with walnuts on cognitive decline. The Walnuts And Healthy Aging (WAHA) study: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:590-600. [PMID: 31912155 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walnut consumption counteracts oxidative stress and inflammation, 2 drivers of cognitive decline. Clinical data concerning effects on cognition are lacking. OBJECTIVES The Walnuts And Healthy Aging study is a 2-center (Barcelona, Spain; Loma Linda, CA) randomized controlled trial examining the cognitive effects of a 2-y walnut intervention in cognitively healthy elders. METHODS We randomly allocated 708 free-living elders (63-79 y, 68% women) to a diet enriched with walnuts at ∼15% energy (30-60 g/d) or a control diet (abstention from walnuts). We administered a comprehensive neurocognitive test battery at baseline and 2 y. Change in the global cognition composite was the primary outcome. We performed repeated structural and functional brain MRI in 108 Barcelona participants. RESULTS A total of 636 participants completed the intervention. Besides differences in nutrient intake, participants from Barcelona smoked more, were less educated, and had lower baseline neuropsychological test scores than those from Loma Linda. Walnuts were well tolerated and compliance was good. Modified intention-to-treat analyses (n = 657) uncovered no between-group differences in the global cognitive composite, with mean changes of -0.072 (95% CI: -0.100, -0.043) in the walnut diet group and -0.086 (95% CI: -0.115, -0.057) in the control diet group (P = 0.491). Post hoc analyses revealed significant differences in the Barcelona cohort, with unadjusted changes of -0.037 (95% CI: -0.077, 0.002) in the walnut group and -0.097 (95% CI: -0.137, -0.057) in controls (P = 0.040). Results of brain fMRI in a subset of Barcelona participants indicated greater functional network recruitment in a working memory task in controls. CONCLUSIONS Walnut supplementation for 2 y had no effect on cognition in healthy elders. However, brain fMRI and post hoc analyses by site suggest that walnuts might delay cognitive decline in subgroups at higher risk. These encouraging but inconclusive results warrant further investigation, particularly targeting disadvantaged populations, in whom greatest benefit could be expected.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01634841.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Sala-Vila
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Barcelonaßeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Nina Coll-Padrós
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Pérez-Heras
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Roth
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tania M Freitas-Simoes
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Doménech
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Calvo
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna López-Illamola
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edward Bitok
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Natalie K Buxton
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lynnley Huey
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Adam Arechiga
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Keiji Oda
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Grace J Lee
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lídia Vaqué-Alcázar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Sala-Llonch
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Domènech M, Serra-Mir M, Roth I, Freitas-Simoes T, Valls-Pedret C, Cofán M, López A, Sala-Vila A, Calvo C, Rajaram S, Sabaté J, Ros E. Effect of a Walnut Diet on Office and 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Elderly Individuals. Hypertension 2019; 73:1049-1057. [PMID: 30879358 PMCID: PMC6467552 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Nut consumption lowers blood cholesterol and is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease, but effects on blood pressure (BP) are inconsistent. We assessed the 2-year effects of a walnut diet versus a control diet on office BP and 24-hours ambulatory BP in free-living elders participating in the Walnuts and Healthy Aging study, a randomized trial testing the effects of walnuts at ≈15% energy on age-related disorders. In a prespecified analysis, we enrolled 305 participants, of whom 236 (75%) completed the study (65% women; age, 69 years; 60% with mild hypertension). Walnuts were well tolerated, and compliance was >98%. Mean baseline office BP was 128/79 mm Hg. Adjusted changes from baseline in mean office systolic BP were −4.61 mm Hg (95% CI, −7.43 to −1.79 mm Hg) in the walnut group and −0.59 mm Hg (−3.38 to 2.21 mm Hg) in controls (P=0.051). Respective changes in mean systolic 24-hour ambulatory BP were −3.86 mm Hg (CI, −5.45 to −2.26 mm Hg) and −2.00 mm Hg (CI, −3.58 to −0.42 mm Hg; P=0.111). No changes in diastolic BP were observed. In participants in the upper tertile of baseline 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP (>125 mm Hg), mean 2-year systolic 24-hour BP was −8.5 mm Hg (CI, −12 to −5.0 mm Hg) in the walnut group and −2.5 mm Hg (CI, −6.3 to 1.3 mm Hg) in controls (P=0.034). During the trial, participants in the walnut group required less uptitration of antihypertensive medication and had better overall BP regulation than controls. Walnut consumption reduces systolic BP in elderly subjects, particularly in those with mild hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Domènech
- From the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., I.R., T.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Barcelona (M.D.)
| | - Mercè Serra-Mir
- From the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., I.R., T.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
| | - Irene Roth
- From the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., I.R., T.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
| | - Tania Freitas-Simoes
- From the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., I.R., T.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- From the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., I.R., T.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- From the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., I.R., T.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
| | - Anna López
- From the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., I.R., T.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- From the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., I.R., T.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
| | - Carlos Calvo
- From the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., I.R., T.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, CA (S.R., J.S.)
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, CA (S.R., J.S.)
| | - Emilio Ros
- From the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., I.R., T.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (M.D., M.S.-M., C.V.-P., M.C., A.L., A.S.-V., C.C., E.R.)
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Garcia-Arellano A, Martínez-González MA, Ramallal R, Salas-Salvadó J, Hébert JR, Corella D, Shivappa N, Forga L, Schröder H, Muñoz-Bravo C, Estruch R, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Ros E, Rekondo J, Toledo E, Razquin C, Ruiz-Canela M, Alonso A, Barrio Lopez M, Basterra-Gortari F, Benito Corchon S, Bes-Rastrollo M, Beunza J, Carlos S, Cervantes S, de Irala J, de la Rosa P, de la Fuente C, Donat-Vargas C, Donazar M, Fernandez Montero A, Gea A, Goni-Ochandorena E, Guillen-Grima F, Lahortiga F, Llorca J, Lopez del Burgo C, Mari-Sanchıs A, Marti A, Mendonça R, Nuñez-Cordoba J, Pimenta A, Rico A, Ruiz Zambrana A, Sayon-Orea C, Toledo-Atucha J, Vazquez Ruiz Z, Zazpe Garcıa I, Sánchez- Tainta A, Buil-Cosiales P, Díez-Espino J, Sanjulian B, Martínez J, Marti A, Serrano-Martínez M, Basterra-Gortari F, Extremera-Urabayen J, Garcia-Pérez L, Arroyo-Azpa C, Barcena A, Oreja-Arrayago C, Lasanta-Sáez M, Cia-Lecumberri P, Elcarte-Lopez T, Artal-Moneva F, Esparza-López J, Figuerido-Garmendia E, Tabar-Sarrias J, Fernández- Urzainqui L, Ariz-Arnedo M, Cabeza-Beunza J, Pascual-Pascual P, Martínez-Mazo M, Arina-Vergara E, Macua-Martínez T, Pascual Pascual P, Garcés Ducar M, Martí Massó R, Villanueva Moreno R, Parra-Osés A, Serra-Mir M, Pérez-Heras A, Viñas C, Casas R, Medina-Remon A, Villanueva P, Baena J, García M, Oller M, Amat J, Duaso I, García Y, Iglesias C, Simón C, Quinzavos L, Parra L, Liroz M, Benavent J, Clos J, Pla I, Amorós M, Bonet M, Martín M, Sánchez M, Altirriba J, Manzano E, Altés A, Cofán M, Valls-Pedret C, Sala-Vila A, Doménech M, Bulló M, Basora-Gallisa J, González R, Molina C, Mena G, Martínez P, Ibarrola N, Sorlí J, García Roselló J, Martin F, Tort N, Isach A, Babio N, Salas-Huetos A, Becerra-Tomás N, Rosique- Esteban N, Hernandez P, Canudas S, Papandreou C, Ferreira C, Cabre M, Mestres G, Paris F, Llauradó M, Pedret R, Basells J, Vizcaino J, Segarra R, Giardina S, Guasch-Ferré M, Díaz-López A, Fernández-Ballart J, Balanza R, Tello S, Vila J, de la Torre R, Muñoz-Aguayo D, Elosua R, Marrugat J, Schröder H, Molina N, Maestre E, Rovira A, Castañer O, Farré M, Sorli J, Carrasco P, Ortega-Azorín C, Asensio E, Osma R, Barragán R, Francés F, Guillén M, González J, Sáiz C, Portolés O, Giménez F, Coltell O, Fernández-Carrión R, Guillem-Sáiz P, González-Monje I, Quiles L, Pascual V, Riera C, Pages M, Godoy D, Carratalá-Calvo A, Sánchez-Navarro S, Valero-Barceló C, Salaverria I, Hierro TD, Algorta J, Francisco S, Alonso A, San Vicente J, Casi A, Sanz E, Felipe I, Rekondo J, Loma-Osorio A, Fernandez-Crehuet J, Garcia-Rodriguez A, Wärnberg J, Benitez Pont R, Bianchi Alba M, Navajas R, Gómez-Huelgas R, Martínez-González J, Velasco García V, de Diego Salas J, Baca Osorio A, Gil Zarzosa J, Sánchez Luque J, Vargas López E, Romaguera D, García-Valdueza M, Proenza A, Prieto R, Frontera G, Munuera S, Vivó M, Bestard F, Munar J, Coll L, Fiol F, Ginard M, Jover A, García J, Santos-Lozano J, Ortega-Calvo M, Leal M, Martínez E, Mellado L, Miró-Moriano L, Domínguez-Espinaco C, Vaquero- Diaz S, Iglesias P, Román P, Corchado Y, Lozano-Rodríguez J, Lamuela-Raventós R, López- Sabater M, Castellote-Bargalló A, Quifer-Rada P, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Alvarez-Pérez J, Díez Benítez E, Bautista Castaño I, Maldonado Díaz I, Sanchez-Villegas A, Férnandez- Rodríguez M, Sarmiendo de la Fe F, Simón García C, Falcón Sanabria I, Macías Gutiérrez B, Santana Santana A, de la Cruz E, Galera A, Pintó-Salas X, Trias F, Sarasa I, Rodríguez M, Corbella X, Corbella E, Goday A, Muñoz M, Cabezas C, Vinyoles E, Rovira M, Garcia L, Baby P, Ramos A, Mengual L, Roura P, Yuste M, Guarner A, Rovira A, Santamaria M, Mata M, de Juan C, Brau A, Fernandez M, Gutierrez E, Murillo C, Garcia J, Tafalla M, Bobe I, Díaz A, Araque M, Solis E, Cervello T, Montull I, Tur J, Portillo M, Sáez G. Dietary inflammatory index and all-cause mortality in large cohorts: The SUN and PREDIMED studies. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:1221-1231. [PMID: 30651193 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Freitas-Simoes TM, Cofán M, Blasco MA, Soberón N, Foronda M, Serra-Mir M, Roth I, Valls-Pedret C, Doménech M, Ponferrada-Ariza E, Calvo C, Rajaram S, Sabaté J, Ros E, Sala-Vila A. Walnut Consumption for Two Years and Leukocyte Telomere Attrition in Mediterranean Elders: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121907. [PMID: 30518050 PMCID: PMC6316673 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Randomized controlled trials on diet and shortening of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) mostly focus on marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Walnuts are a sustainable source of n-3 PUFA. We investigated whether inclusion of walnuts (15% of energy) in the diet for 2 years would maintain LTL in cognitively healthy elders (63–79 years old) compared to a control group (habitual diet, abstaining from walnuts). This opportunistic sub-study was conducted within the Walnuts and Healthy Aging study, a dual-centre (Barcelona, Spain and Loma Linda University, California) parallel trial. A sub-set of the Barcelona site participants were randomly assigned to the walnut (n = 80) or control group (n = 69). We assessed LTL at baseline and at 2 years and we conducted repeated-measures ANCOVA with 2 factors: time (baseline, 2 years) and group (control, walnut) and their interaction. Adjusted means (95% confidence interval) of LTL (in kb) in controls were 7.360 (7.084,7.636) at baseline and 7.061 (6.835,7.288) after 2 years; corresponding values in the walnut group were 7.064 (6.807,7.320) and 7.074 (6.864,7.284). The time × intervention interaction was nearly significant (p = 0.079), suggestive of a trend of walnut consumption in preserving LTL. This exploratory research finding should be confirmed in trials with adequate statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania-Marisa Freitas-Simoes
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, Edifici Helios, despatx 8, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, Edifici Helios, despatx 8, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nora Soberón
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Foronda
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercè Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, Edifici Helios, despatx 8, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Irene Roth
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, Edifici Helios, despatx 8, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, Edifici Helios, despatx 8, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Doménech
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, Edifici Helios, despatx 8, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Ponferrada-Ariza
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, Edifici Helios, despatx 8, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Calvo
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, Edifici Helios, despatx 8, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, Edifici Helios, despatx 8, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, Edifici Helios, despatx 8, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Sala-Vila A, Díaz-López A, Valls-Pedret C, Cofán M, García-Layana A, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Castañer O, Zanon-Moreno V, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Toledo E, Basora J, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Gómez-Gracia E, Fiol M, Estruch R, Lapetra J, Fitó M, Arós F, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Ros E. Dietary Marine ω-3 Fatty Acids and Incident Sight-Threatening Retinopathy in Middle-Aged and Older Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: Prospective Investigation From the PREDIMED Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol 2017; 134:1142-1149. [PMID: 27541690 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a devastating complication of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The retina is rich in long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω3PUFAs), which are substrate for oxylipins with anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties. Experimental models support dietary LCω3PUFA protection against DR, but clinical data are lacking. Objective To determine whether LCω3PUFA intake relates to a decreased incidence of sight-threatening DR in individuals with type 2 diabetes older than 55 years. Design, Setting, and Participants In late 2015, we conceived a prospective study within the randomized clinical trial Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED), testing Mediterranean diets supplemented with extra virgin olive oil or nuts vs a control diet for primary cardiovascular prevention. The trial was conducted in primary health care centers in Spain. From 2003 to 2009, 3614 individuals aged 55 to 80 years with a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were recruited. Full data were available for 3482 participants (48% men; mean age 67 years). Exposures Meeting the dietary LCω3PUFA recommendation of at least 500 mg/d for primary cardiovascular prevention, as assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was incident DR requiring laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy, and/or antiangiogenic therapy confirmed by an external adjudication committee. Results Of the 3482 participants, 48% were men and the mean age was 67 years. A total of 2611 participants (75%) met target LCω3PUFA recommendation. During a median follow-up of 6 years, we documented 69 new events. After adjusting for age, sex, intervention group, and lifestyle and clinical variables, participants meeting the LCω3PUFA recommendation at baseline (≥500 mg/d) compared with those not fulfilling this recommendation (<500 mg/d) showed a 48% relatively reduced risk of incident sight-threatening DR, with a hazard ratio of 0.52 (95% CI, 0.31-0.88; P = .001). This association was slightly stronger for yearly updated LCω3PUFA intake (relative risk, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.28-0.82; P = .007). Conclusions and Relevance In middle-aged and older individuals with type 2 diabetes, intake of at least 500 mg/d of dietary LCω3PUFA, easily achievable with 2 weekly servings of oily fish, is associated with a decreased risk of sight-threatening DR. Our results concur with findings from experimental models and the current model of DR pathogenesis. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Sala-Vila
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain2CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Díaz-López
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain3Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain2CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain2CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rosa-María Lamuela-Raventós
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain5Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain6Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Zanon-Moreno
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain7Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martinez-Gonzalez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain8Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain8Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josep Basora
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain3Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain3Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain7Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain9Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain10Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain11Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain12Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain6Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain13Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Luis Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain14Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain15Department of Internal Medicine, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, FIPEC (Research Foundation for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain2CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Rajaram S, Valls-Pedret C, Cofán M, Sabaté J, Serra-Mir M, Pérez-Heras AM, Arechiga A, Casaroli-Marano RP, Alforja S, Sala-Vila A, Doménech M, Roth I, Freitas-Simoes TM, Calvo C, López-Illamola A, Haddad E, Bitok E, Kazzi N, Huey L, Fan J, Ros E. The Walnuts and Healthy Aging Study (WAHA): Protocol for a Nutritional Intervention Trial with Walnuts on Brain Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 8:333. [PMID: 28119602 PMCID: PMC5222811 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: An unwanted consequence of population aging is the growing number of elderly at risk of neurodegenerative disorders, including dementia and macular degeneration. As nutritional and behavioral changes can delay disease progression, we designed the Walnuts and Healthy Aging (WAHA) study, a two-center, randomized, 2-year clinical trial conducted in free-living, cognitively healthy elderly men and women. Our interest in exploring the role of walnuts in maintaining cognitive and retinal health is based on extensive evidence supporting their cardio-protective and vascular health effects, which are linked to bioactive components, such as n-3 fatty acids and polyphenols. Methods: The primary aim of WAHA is to examine the effects of ingesting walnuts daily for 2 years on cognitive function and retinal health, assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests and optical coherence tomography, respectively. All participants followed their habitual diet, adding walnuts at 15% of energy (≈30-60 g/day) (walnut group) or abstaining from walnuts (control group). Secondary outcomes include changes in adiposity, blood pressure, and serum and urinary biomarkers in all participants and brain magnetic resonance imaging in a subset. Results: From May 2012 to May 2014, 708 participants (mean age 69 years, 68% women) were randomized. The study ended in May 2016 with a 90% retention rate. Discussion: The results of WAHA might provide high-level evidence of the benefit of regular walnut consumption in delaying the onset of age-related cognitive impairment and retinal pathology. The findings should translate into public health policy and sound recommendations to the general population (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01634841).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda CA, USA
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda CA, USA
| | - Mercè Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Pérez-Heras
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Adam Arechiga
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda CA, USA
| | - Ricardo P Casaroli-Marano
- Ophthalmology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Barcelona, Spain
| | - Socorro Alforja
- Ophthalmology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Doménech
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Irene Roth
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Tania M Freitas-Simoes
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Calvo
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Anna López-Illamola
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Ella Haddad
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda CA, USA
| | - Edward Bitok
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda CA, USA
| | - Natalie Kazzi
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda CA, USA
| | - Lynnley Huey
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda CA, USA
| | - Joseph Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda CA, USA
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
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13
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Fernández-Cabello S, Valls-Pedret C, Schurz M, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Sala-Llonch R, Bargallo N, Ros E, Bartrés-Faz D. White matter hyperintensities and cognitive reserve during a working memory task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in cognitively normal older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 48:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Vaqué-Alcázar L, Sala-Llonch R, Valls-Pedret C, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Fernández-Cabello S, Bargalló N, Ros E, Bartrés-Faz D. Differential age-related gray and white matter impact mediates educational influence on elders’ cognition. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:318-332. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Valls-Pedret C, Sala-Vila A, Serra-Mir M, Corella D, de la Torre R, Martínez-González MÁ, Martínez-Lapiscina EH, Fitó M, Pérez-Heras A, Salas-Salvadó J, Estruch R, Ros E. Mediterranean Diet and Age-Related Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2015; 175:1094-1103. [PMID: 25961184 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Oxidative stress and vascular impairment are believed to partly mediate age-related cognitive decline, a strong risk factor for development of dementia. Epidemiologic studies suggest that a Mediterranean diet, an antioxidant-rich cardioprotective dietary pattern, delays cognitive decline, but clinical trial evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a Mediterranean diet supplemented with antioxidant-rich foods influences cognitive function compared with a control diet. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Parallel-group randomized clinical trial of 447 cognitively healthy volunteers from Barcelona, Spain (233 women [52.1%]; mean age, 66.9 years), at high cardiovascular risk were enrolled into the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea nutrition intervention trial from October 1, 2003, through December 31, 2009. All patients underwent neuropsychological assessment at inclusion and were offered retesting at the end of the study. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomly assigned to a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extravirgin olive oil (1 L/wk), a Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts (30 g/d), or a control diet (advice to reduce dietary fat). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Rates of cognitive change over time based on a neuropsychological test battery: Mini-Mental State Examination, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Animals Semantic Fluency, Digit Span subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Verbal Paired Associates from the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the Color Trail Test. We used mean z scores of change in each test to construct 3 cognitive composites: memory, frontal (attention and executive function), and global. RESULTS Follow-up cognitive tests were available in 334 participants after intervention (median, 4.1 years). In multivariate analyses adjusted for confounders, participants allocated to a Mediterranean diet plus olive oil scored better on the RAVLT (P = .049) and Color Trail Test part 2 (P = .04) compared with controls; no between-group differences were observed for the other cognitive tests. Similarly adjusted cognitive composites (mean z scores with 95% CIs) for changes above baseline of the memory composite were 0.04 (-0.09 to 0.18) for the Mediterranean diet plus olive oil, 0.09 (-0.05 to 0.23; P = .04 vs controls) for the Mediterranean diet plus nuts, and -0.17 (-0.32 to -0.01) for the control diet. Respective changes from baseline of the frontal cognition composite were 0.23 (0.03 to 0.43; P = .003 vs controls), 0.03 (-0.25 to 0.31), and -0.33 (-0.57 to -0.09). Changes from baseline of the global cognition composite were 0.05 (-0.11 to 0.21; P = .005 vs controls) for the Mediterranean diet plus olive oil, -0.05 (-0.27 to 0.18) for the Mediterranean diet plus nuts, and -0.38 (-0.57 to -0.18) for the control diet. All cognitive composites significantly (P < .05) decreased from baseline in controls. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In an older population, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oil or nuts is associated with improved cognitive function. TRIAL REGISTRATION isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena H Martínez-Lapiscina
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Heras
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Sala-Llonch R, Junqué C, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Valls-Pedret C, Palacios EM, Domènech S, Salvà A, Bargalló N, Bartrés-Faz D. Changes in whole-brain functional networks and memory performance in aging. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vidal-Piñeiro D, Valls-Pedret C, Fernández-Cabello S, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Sala-Llonch R, Solana E, Bargalló N, Junqué C, Ros E, Bartrés-Faz D. Decreased Default Mode Network connectivity correlates with age-associated structural and cognitive changes. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:256. [PMID: 25309433 PMCID: PMC4174767 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing entails cognitive and motor decline as well as brain changes such as loss of gray (GM) and white matter (WM) integrity, neurovascular and functional connectivity alterations. Regarding connectivity, reduced resting-state fMRI connectivity between anterior and posterior nodes of the Default Mode Network (DMN) relates to cognitive function and has been postulated to be a hallmark of ageing. However, the relationship between age-related connectivity changes and other neuroimaging-based measures in ageing is fragmentarily investigated. In a sample of 116 healthy elders we aimed to study the relationship between antero-posterior DMN connectivity and measures of WM integrity, GM integrity and cerebral blood flow (CBF), assessed with an arterial spin labeling sequence. First, we replicated previous findings demonstrating DMN connectivity decreases in ageing and an association between antero-posterior DMN connectivity and memory scores. The results showed that the functional connectivity between posterior midline structures and the medial prefrontal cortex was related to measures of WM and GM integrity but not to CBF. Gray and WM correlates of anterio-posterior DMN connectivity included, but were not limited to, DMN areas and cingulum bundle. These results resembled patterns of age-related vulnerability which was studied by comparing the correlates of antero-posterior DMN with age-effect maps. These age-effect maps were obtained after performing an independent analysis with a second sample including both young and old subjects. We argue that antero-posterior connectivity might be a sensitive measure of brain ageing over the brain. By using a comprehensive approach, the results provide valuable knowledge that may shed further light on DMN connectivity dysfunctions in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologica Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Unitat de Lípids, Servei Endicronologia i Nutrició, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Cabello
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologica Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologica Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Laboratoire de neuropsychologie, INSERM U1077 Caen, France
| | - Roser Sala-Llonch
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologica Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Solana
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologica Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain ; Servei de Radiologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Junqué
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologica Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Unitat de Lípids, Servei Endicronologia i Nutrició, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologica Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain
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Rami L, Mollica MA, García-Sanchez C, Saldaña J, Sanchez B, Sala I, Valls-Pedret C, Castellví M, Olives J, Molinuevo JL. The Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire (SCD-Q): A Validation Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:453-66. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-132027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rami
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria A. Mollica
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Belen Sanchez
- Memory Unit. Neurology Service. Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sala
- Memory Unit. Neurology Service. Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magda Castellví
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Olives
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose L. Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Pereira JB, Valls-Pedret C, Ros E, Palacios E, Falcón C, Bargalló N, Bartrés-Faz D, Wahlund LO, Westman E, Junque C. Regional vulnerability of hippocampal subfields to aging measured by structural and diffusion MRI. Hippocampus 2013; 24:403-14. [PMID: 24339261 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, there has been an increasing awareness of the regional vulnerability of the hippocampus to age-related processes. However, to date, no studies have assessed the effects of age on different structural magnetic resonance parameters in the specific hippocampal subfields. In this study, we measured volume, mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in the presubiculum, subiculum, fimbria, cornu ammonis (CA) 1,2-3,4-DG and the whole hippocampus in fifty cognitively intact elder adults between 50 and 75 years of age (20 men, 30 women). Segmentation of hippocampal subfields was performed using FreeSurfer. Individual MD and FA images were coregistered to T1-weighted volumes using FLIRT of FSL. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the effects of age on the anatomical measures of each subfield. In addition, multiple regression analyses were also carried out to assess which of the anatomical measures that showed a correlation with age in the previous analyses, were the best age predictors in the hippocampus. In agreement with previous studies, our results showed a significant association between age and volume (P < 0.001) as well as MD (P < 0.001) in the whole hippocampus. Regarding the specific hippocampal subfields, we found that age had a significant negative effect on volume in CA2-3 (P < 0.001) and CA4-DG (P < 0.001). Importantly, we found a positive effect of age on MD in CA2-3 (P < 0.001) and fimbria (P < 0.001) as well as a negative age effect on FA in the subiculum (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analyses revealed that the best overall predictors of age in the hippocampus were MD in the fimbria and volume of CA2-3, which explained 73.8% of the age variance. These results indicate that age has an effect both on volume and diffusion tensor imaging measures in different subfields, suggesting they provide complementary information on age-related processes in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana B Pereira
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Martínez-Lapiscina EH, Clavero P, Toledo E, Estruch R, Salas-Salvadó J, San Julián B, Sanchez-Tainta A, Ros E, Valls-Pedret C, Martinez-Gonzalez MÁ. Mediterranean diet improves cognition: the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomised trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:1318-25. [PMID: 23670794 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-304792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous observational studies reported beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on cognitive function, but results were inconsistent. We assessed the effect on cognition of a nutritional intervention using MedDiets in comparison with a low-fat control diet. METHODS We assessed 522 participants at high vascular risk (44.6% men, age 74.6 ± 5.7 years at cognitive evaluation) enrolled in a multicentre, randomised, primary prevention trial (PREDIMED), after a nutritional intervention comparing two MedDiets (supplemented with either extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) or mixed nuts) versus a low-fat control diet. Global cognitive performance was examined by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT) after 6.5 years of nutritional intervention. Researchers who assessed the outcome were blinded to group assignment. We used general linear models to control for potential confounding. RESULTS After adjustment for sex, age, education, Apolipoprotein E genotype, family history of cognitive impairment/dementia, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, alcohol and total energy intake, participants allocated to the MedDiet+EVOO showed higher mean MMSE and CDT scores with significant differences versus control (adjusted differences: +0.62 95% CI +0.18 to +1.05, p=0.005 for MMSE, and +0.51 95% CI +0.20 to +0.82, p=0.001 for CDT). The adjusted means of MMSE and CDT scores were also higher for participants allocated to the MedDiet+Nuts versus control (adjusted differences: +0.57 (95% CI +0.11 to +1.03), p=0.015 for MMSE and +0.33 (95% CI +0.003 to +0.67), p=0.048 for CDT). These results did not differ after controlling for incident depression. CONCLUSIONS An intervention with MedDiets enhanced with either EVOO or nuts appears to improve cognition compared with a low-fat diet. ISRCTN:35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena H Martínez-Lapiscina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical School-Clinica, University of Navarra, , Pamplona, Spain
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Valls-Pedret C, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Medina-Remón A, Quintana M, Corella D, Pintó X, Martínez-González MÁ, Estruch R, Ros E. Polyphenol-rich foods in the Mediterranean diet are associated with better cognitive function in elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 29:773-82. [PMID: 22349682 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-111799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain oxidative processes play a major role in age-related cognitive decline, thus consumption of antioxidant-rich foods might help preserve cognition. Our aim was to assess whether consumption of antioxidant-rich foods in the Mediterranean diet relates to cognitive function in the elderly. In asymptomatic subjects at high cardiovascular risk (n = 447; 52% women; age 55-80 y) enrolled in the PREDIMED study, a primary prevention dietary-intervention trial, we assessed food intake and cardiovascular risk profile, determined apolipoprotein E genotype, and used neuropsychological tests to evaluate cognitive function. We also measured urinary polyphenols as an objective biomarker of intake. Associations between energy-adjusted food consumption, urinary polyphenols, and cognitive scores were assessed by multiple linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Consumption of some foods was independently related to better cognitive function. The specific associations [regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals)] were: total olive oil with immediate verbal memory [0.755 (0.151-1.358)]; virgin olive oil and coffee with delayed verbal memory [0.163 (0.010-0.316) and 0.294 (0.055-0.534), respectively]; walnuts with working memory [1.191 (0.061-2.322)]; and wine with Mini-Mental State Examination scores [0.252 (0.006-0.496)]. Urinary polyphenols were associated with better scores in immediate verbal memory [1.208 (0.236-2.180)]. Increased consumption of antioxidant-rich foods in general and of polyphenols in particular is associated with better cognitive performance in elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk. The results reinforce the notion that Mediterranean diet components might counteract age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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Sala-Llonch R, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Valls-Pedret C, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Bargalló N, Junqué C, Bartrés-Faz D. Dynamic functional reorganizations and relationship with working memory performance in healthy aging. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:152. [PMID: 22701409 PMCID: PMC3369258 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several theories have been proposed in attempts to identify the neural mechanisms underlying successful cognitive aging. Old subjects show increased neural activity during the performance of tasks, mainly in prefrontal areas, which is interpreted as a compensatory mechanism linked to functional brain efficiency. Moreover, resting-state studies have concluded that elders show disconnection or disruption of large-scale functional networks. We used functional MRI during resting-state and a verbal n-back task with different levels of memory load in a cohort of young and old healthy adults to identify patterns of networks associated with working memory and brain default mode. We found that the disruption of resting-state networks in the elderly coexists with task-related overactivations of certain brain areas and with reorganizations within these functional networks. Moreover, elders who were able to activate additional areas and to recruit a more bilateral frontal pattern within the task-related network achieved successful performance on the task. We concluded that the balanced and plastic reorganization of brain networks underlies successful cognitive aging. This observation allows the integration of several theories that have been proposed to date regarding the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Sala-Llonch
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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Valls-Pedret C, Olives J, Bosch B, Caprile C, Castellví M, Molinuevo JL, Rami L. [Landscape test for assessing visual memory in Alzheimer's disease]. Rev Neurol 2011; 53:1-7. [PMID: 21678318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visual episodic memory is affected in the early phases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AIMS To design a visual memory test free of any verbal content, to offer its normative values in the elderly population in Spain, to validate the test in a group of patients with mild AD and to determine its capacity to discriminate between subjects with AD and controls. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study involved a sample of 263 subjects (137 controls and 126 patients with AD) over 50 years of age. The landscape test consists of a first part in which participants are shown 25 photographs of landscapes. Five minutes later, the previous 25 photos are shown again together with 25 new pictures, and the subject must recognise the ones that have already been seen. The statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test for independent measures, ANCOVA, linear regression, Pearson's correlation and the ROC curve. RESULTS In the control group, sex and schooling did not have any significant effect on the results, although differences were found between the youngest group (50-59 years) and the oldest age group (equal to or above 80 years). Findings show that there is a significant difference between the mean scores on the landscape test obtained by the two groups (control: 44.06 ± 3.2; AD: 34.25 ± 6.6; p < 0.001). The area under the curve from the landscape test was 0.904, with a sensitivity of 0.82 and a specificity of 0.85. CONCLUSIONS The landscapes test is a simple, sensitive and novel instrument for assessing visual memory in early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Unidad de Alzheimer y otrostrastornos cognitivos, Serviciode Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, Hospital Clínici Universitari, Barcelona, España
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Rami L, Valls-Pedret C, Bartrés-Faz D, Caprile C, Solé-Padullés C, Castellvi M, Olives J, Bosch B, Molinuevo JL. [Cognitive reserve questionnaire. Scores obtained in a healthy elderly population and in one with Alzheimer's disease]. Rev Neurol 2011; 52:195-201. [PMID: 21312165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The term cognitive reserve describes the capacity of the adult brain to minimise the clinical manifestation of a neurodegenerative process. The acquisition of cognitive reserve has been linked to the performance of certain intellectual and cognitive activities throughout the whole of the individual's life. AIMS To create a new cognitive reserve questionnaire (CRQ), to establish its relation with the cognitive functions and to obtain the standard values in the cognitively healthy elderly Spanish population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 55 cognitively healthy controls and 53 patients with Alzheimer's disease. All the subjects were asked to complete the CRQ, which consists of eight items with several different possible answers, together with a brief neuropsychological battery. RESULTS Age had no significant influence on the score obtained on the CRQ in either of the groups, yet the number of years of schooling did exert a significant effect. In both groups significant correlations were found between the score on the CRQ and performance in neuropsychological tests that measure executive functioning. CONCLUSIONS The CRQ is a useful questionnaire for assessing the degree of cognitive reserve in healthy controls and in patients in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. The CRQ is associated with the cognitive performance of executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rami
- Institut de Neurociencies, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, Barcelona, Spain
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Valls-Pedret C, Molinuevo JL, Rami L. [Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: the prodromal and preclinical phase]. Rev Neurol 2010; 51:471-480. [PMID: 20925029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because Alzheimer's disease (AD) needs to be treated as soon as possible after onset, its early detection has become one of the core areas of research in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. DEVELOPMENT Attempts to characterise the incipient phases of the disease have evolved from the appearance of the heterogeneous concept of mild cognitive impairment in the last twentieth century to the diagnostic criteria proposed for AD by current research. These criteria make it possible to perform an early diagnosis of AD (in the prodromal phase) that is at the same time aetiological, since it is backed up by objective biological markers which will be discussed in this work. Additionally, the article will also review the concept of preclinical AD, which is supported by evidence showing that the pathological process of AD begins years before the clinical manifestation of the disease. CONCLUSIONS To date, this preclinical phase is the one that has received less attention from researchers, although the development of complex imaging techniques with new tracers appears to be a promising beginning to the coveted path towards the preclinical diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Unidad de Alzheimer y Otrostrastornos Cognitivos, Serviciode Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, Villarroel, E-08036 Barcelona
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Rami L, Bosch B, Valls-Pedret C, Caprile C, Sánchez-Valle Díaz R, Molinuevo JL. [Discriminatory validity and association of the mini-mental test (MMSE) and the memory alteration test (M@T) with a neuropsychological battery in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease]. Rev Neurol 2009; 49:169-174. [PMID: 19621317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To establish the discriminatory validity of the mini-mental test (MMSE) and the memory alteration test (M@T) for the diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), and also to study the association between the results obtained in screening tests, a neuropsychological battery and a functional questionnaire in healthy persons and in patients with aMCI and AD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We evaluated 27 normal controls, 27 patients with aMCI and 35 patients with AD using the MMSE and a memory screening test, the M@T, a neuropsychological battery and a questionnaire on functional activities of daily living. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relations between the scores on the M@T and the MMSE and the neuropsychological tests. The area below the curve, the sensitivity and the specificity were calculated for the screening tests. RESULTS In patients with aMCI, the scores on the M@T and the MMSE were strongly associated with the performance in the episodic memory tests in frontal tests and with the scores on the functional questionnaire, but not with tests that evaluated praxias and perceptive functions. In patients with AD, the scores on the M@T and the MMSE were associated with results in semantic memory, language, executive functions and praxias, but not with perceptive tests and functional questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS In patients with aMCI and AD, the association between MMSE and M@T only correlate with some cognitive functions, without there being any association with other cognitive functions. Therefore, screening tests cannot be used as the only instrument for evaluating the cognitive status in patients with suspected dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rami
- Unidad de Alzheimer y otros trastornos cognitivos, Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, Hospital Clínic i Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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