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Lai HH, Rutlin J, Smith AR, Helmuth ME, Hokanson JA, Yang CC, Clemens JQ, Magnotta VA, Bretschneider CE, Kenton K, DeLancey JOL, John K, Kirkali Z, Shimony JS. Structural Changes in Brain White Matter Tracts Associated With Overactive Bladder Revealed by Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Findings From a Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study. J Urol 2024:101097JU0000000000004022. [PMID: 38717915 DOI: 10.1097/ju.0000000000004022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to investigate structural changes in brain white matter tracts using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with overactive bladder (OAB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Treatment-seeking OAB patients and matched controls enrolled in the cross-sectional case-control LURN (Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network) Neuroimaging Study received a brain DTI scan. Microstructural integrity of brain white matter was assessed using fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity. OAB and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) symptoms were assessed using the OAB Questionnaire Short-Form and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence. The Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Tool UUI questions and responses were correlated with FA values. RESULTS Among 221 participants with evaluable DTI data, 146 had OAB (66 urinary urgency-only without UUI, 80 with UUI); 75 were controls. Compared with controls, participants with OAB showed decreased FA and increased mean diffusivity, representing greater microstructural abnormalities of brain white matter tracts among OAB participants. These abnormalities occurred in the corpus callosum, bilateral anterior thalamic radiation and superior longitudinal fasciculus tracts, and bilateral insula and parahippocampal region. Among participants with OAB, higher OAB Questionnaire Short-Form scores were associated with decreased FA in the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, P < .0001. DTI differences between OAB and controls were driven by the urinary urgency-only (OAB-dry) but not the UUI (OAB-wet) subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in microstructural integrity in specific brain white matter tracts were more frequent in OAB patients. More severe OAB symptoms were correlated with greater degree of microstructural abnormalities in brain white matter tracts in patients with OAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Henry Lai
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jerrel Rutlin
- Departments of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Abigail R Smith
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - James A Hokanson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Claire C Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - C Emi Bretschneider
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kimberly Kenton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John O L DeLancey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Karen John
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ziya Kirkali
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Departments of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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Clemens JQ, Locke K, Landis JR, Kreder K, Rodriguez LV, Yang CC, Tu FF, Harte SE, Schrepf A, Farrar JT, Sutcliffe S, Naliboff BD, Williams DA, Afari N, Spitznagle T, Taple BJ, Lai HH. Validation of a simple body map to measure widespread pain in urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A MAPP Research Network study. Neurourol Urodyn 2024; 43:727-737. [PMID: 38270336 PMCID: PMC10981467 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In patients with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS), the presence of widespread pain appears to identify a distinct phenotype, with a different symptom trajectory and potentially different response to treatment than patients with pelvic pain only. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 76-site body map was administered four times, at weekly intervals, to 568 male and female UCPPS participants in the MAPP Network protocol. The 76 sites were classified into 13 regions (1 pelvic region and 12 nonpelvic regions). The degree of widespread pain was scored from 0 to 12 based on the number of reported nonpelvic pain regions. This continuous body map score was regressed over other measures of widespread pain, with UCPPS symptom severity, and with psychosocial variables to measure level of association. These models were repeated using an updated body map score (0-12) that incorporated a threshold of pain ≥ 4 at each site. RESULTS Body map scores showed limited variability over the 4 weekly assessments, indicating that a single baseline assessment was sufficient. The widespread pain score correlated highly with other measures of widespread pain and correlated with worsened UCPPS symptom severity and psychosocial functioning. Incorporating a pain severity threshold ≥4 resulted in only marginal increases in these correlations. CONCLUSIONS These results support the use of this 13-region body map in the baseline clinical assessment of UCPPS patients. It provides reliable data about the presence of widespread pain and does not require measurement of pain severity, making it relatively simple to use for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Locke
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J. Richard Landis
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karl Kreder
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Larissa V. Rodriguez
- Departments of Urology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Claire C. Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frank F. Tu
- NorthShore University Health System, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven E. Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrew Schrepf
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - John T. Farrar
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce D. Naliboff
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Niloofar Afari
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress & Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Bayley J. Taple
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H. Henry Lai
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Mawla I, Schrepf A, Kutch JJ, Helmuth ME, Smith AR, Ichesco E, Yang CC, Andreev VP, Kreder KJ, Bradley CS, Magnotta VA, Kirkali Z, Harris RE, Lai HH, Harte SE. Reply By Authors. J Urol 2024; 211:122-123. [PMID: 37796787 DOI: 10.1097/ju.0000000000003699.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Mawla
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew Schrepf
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason J Kutch
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Abigail R Smith
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Eric Ichesco
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Claire C Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Karl J Kreder
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Catherine S Bradley
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Ziya Kirkali
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard E Harris
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - H Henry Lai
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Steven E Harte
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Brown VL, James A, Hunleth J, Bradley CS, Farrar JT, Gupta P, Lai HH, Lowder JL, Moldwin R, Rodriguez LV, Yang CC, Sutcliffe S. Believing women: a qualitative exploration of provider disbelief and pain dismissal among women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome from the MAPP research network. Int Urogynecol J 2024; 35:139-148. [PMID: 37991567 PMCID: PMC11019919 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-023-05677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Although allusions to the importance of a good physician-patient relationship are present throughout the interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) literature, qualitative analysis of patients' perspectives on the clinical encounter is lacking, particularly among women who are most commonly affected by IC/BPS. Therefore, we adopted a patient-centered experiential approach to understanding female patients' perception of clinical encounters. METHODS We re-analyzed previously collected data from a qualitative study on patient flare experiences including eight focus groups of female IC/BPS patients (n = 57, mean = 7/group). Qualitative analysis applied grounded theory to index all physician-patient interactions, then thematically coded these interactions to elucidate common experiences of clinical encounters. RESULTS Women with IC/BPS shared common experiences of provider disbelief and pain dismissal. Discussions with participants demonstrated the extent to which these negative encounters shape patients' health care-seeking behavior, outlook, and psychosocial well-being. Appearing in more than one guise, provider disbelief and dismissal occurred as tacit insinuations, explicit statements, silence, oversimplification, and an unwillingness to listen and discuss alternative treatment. As a result, women adopted several strategies including: rotating specialists; "testing" physicians; self-advocacy; self-management; avoiding the stigma of chronic pain; crying; and opting for alternative medicine over biomedicine. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of provider disbelief and pain dismissal among women with IC/BPS indicates a need to improve physician-patient communication, informed by the struggles, anxieties, and gendered inequities that female patients with chronic pain experience in their diagnostic journey. Results suggest that further investigation into the power dynamics of clinical encounters might be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Brown
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Aimee James
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jean Hunleth
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Catherine S Bradley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John T Farrar
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - H Henry Lai
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jerry L Lowder
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert Moldwin
- The Arthur Smith Institute for Urology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | | | - Claire C Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Mawla I, Schrepf A, Kutch JJ, Helmuth ME, Smith AR, Ichesco E, Yang CC, Andreev VP, Kreder KJ, Bradley CS, Magnotta VA, Kirkali Z, Harris RE, Lai HH, Harte SE. Naturalistic Bladder Filling Reveals Subtypes in Overactive Bladder Syndrome That Differentially Engages Urinary Urgency-Related Brain Circuits: Results From the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN). J Urol 2024; 211:111-123. [PMID: 37796776 DOI: 10.1097/ju.0000000000003699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overactive bladder (OAB) may be attributed to dysfunction in supraspinal brain circuits. Overactive bladder participants enrolled in the LURN (Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network) study reported sensations of urinary urgency during a bladder-filling paradigm while undergoing brain functional MRI to map supraspinal dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS OAB participants and controls (CONs) completed 2 resting-state functional MRI scans following consumption of 350 mL water. Scans were conducted at fuller and emptier bladder states, interleaved with voiding. Urgency ratings (0-10) were assessed. Patterns of urgency during bladder filling were investigated using latent class trajectory models. Clusters of participants encompassing each pattern (ie, subtype) were derived from aggregated groups of OAB and CON independent of diagnosis. RESULTS Two distinct patterns of urgency trajectories were revealed: first subtype with OAB and CON who were unresponsive to bladder filling (OAB-1 and CON-1) and second highly responsive subtype predominantly containing OAB (OAB-2). OAB-2 participants scored significantly higher on urinary symptoms but not pain or psychosocial measures. Neuroimaging analyses showed change in urgency due to both bladder filling and voided volume related to multiple loci of brain network connectivity in OAB-2, and in some cases, different than OAB-1 and/or CON-1. Sensorimotor to dorsomedial/dorsolateral prefrontal connectivity mediated the relationship between stimulus (voided volume) and percept (urgency) in OAB-2. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal different OAB subtypes with latent class trajectory models of urgency ratings during natural bladder filling. Functional MRI revealed differences in pathophysiology between subtypes, namely sensorimotor-prefrontal connectivity is a key locus in OAB patients with higher urinary symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Mawla
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew Schrepf
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason J Kutch
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Abigail R Smith
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Eric Ichesco
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Claire C Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Karl J Kreder
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Catherine S Bradley
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Ziya Kirkali
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard E Harris
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - H Henry Lai
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Steven E Harte
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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He R, Mobit P, Yang CC. Radiobiological Insights of Staged Brachytherapy Using Eye Plaque for Large Uveal Melanoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e671-e672. [PMID: 37785982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) I-125 radioactive seeds embedded in an eye plaque is used to deliver the radiation dose of 85Gy to the apex of the tumor. However, it is challenging to treat a lesion in height (>10 mm) because of a high dose (> 500 Gy) to sclera. A staged radiotherapy (SRT) has been implemented successfully in stereotactic radiosurgery when a single dose is risky for a bigger sized lesion. The hypothesis of this work is that the SRT works for eye plaque brachytherapy of uveal melanoma to break the single fraction into two. To apply the concept of SRT, the following questions need to be answered: What are the two fraction doses? What is the time interval between the two fractions? In this work, the two split fraction doses and time interval are calculated using the "incomplete-repair' model. MATERIALS/METHODS Equation (1) is the linear-quadratic (LQ) model. f(x) is the cell survival curve (SC). Equation (2) and (3) are radiobiological model developed dealing with the split doses by considering the incomplete repair. Ln(f(x)) = -αx - βx2 (1) Ln(fn(x, Ɵ)) = nLn(f(x))-nβx2hn(Ɵ) (2) hn(Ɵ) = (2/n)[ Ɵ/(1- Ɵ)][n-(1- Ɵn)/(1- Ɵ)] (3) Ɵ = exp(-µΔt) (4) x represents the fraction dose, Ɵx is the initial segment of the survival curve, Ɵ determines the rate at which repair proceeds. n is fraction number and µ represent repair constant which equals to ln2/T1/2. T1/2 is the half-life of I-125. For continuous dose vt delivered at dose rate v for time t, with repair constant µ, the LQ model is modified as Ln (f(vt, µ)) = -α(vt) -β(vt)2g(µt) (5) g(µt) = 2[µt-1+exp(-µt)]/(µt)2 (6) Assuming biological effective dose (BED) is the same for the single fraction and split two fractions, SC when n = 1 should be same as when n = 2. Therefore, the equation (7) is derived. Ɵ = [(α/β)x1 - 2(α/β)(x2)2 + (x1)2]/2(x2)2 - 1 (7) x1 is single fraction dose of 85Gy, x2 is the split dose to two fractions. α/β ratio of 10 Gy is used. By fitting the equation (7), the ranges of doses and time intervals were determined. RESULTS The fraction doses and time interval to get the same BED as single fraction of 85 Gy are determined from 45 Gy to 50 Gy with time interval of 22 days to 76 days for staged brachytherapy eye plaque (SBEP). Our result is matched the treatment protocol for SBEP reported, e.g., 1st fraction dose of 40Gy and 50 Gy of 2nd fraction with 73 days of time interval are used. The max. dose of scleral dose is 328 Gy compared to the single fraction scleral dose of 543Gy. CONCLUSION This work could provide guidelines in SBEP in dosage and time interval. The height of tumor matters the most in the SBEP since the taller the tumor, the higher dose to the sclera is. Reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- R He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - P Mobit
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - C C Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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Tsai CJ, Ho HW, Yang CC. Difference in Radiotherapeutic Plan of HyperArc-Based and CyberKnife-Based Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT) Techniques for Multiple Brain Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e728-e729. [PMID: 37786119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The purpose of this study is to compare the dosimetric quality and dose to surrounding normal tissue of HyperArc-based stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) technique with a frameless robotic radiosurgery system for patients with multiple brain metastases. MATERIALS/METHODS Nineteen patients with multiple brain metastases (2-5 lesions) treated in our center were enrolled. The prescribed dose was 2100 cGy to 3250 cGy in three to five fractions. In order to determine the dosimetric quality, we compared the conformity index (CI), Gradient radius (GR), homogeneity index (HI), dose distribution in planning target volume, and dose to several organs at risk (OARs). All of the data were compared using pair-T test. RESULTS Both planning systems have prescribed dose coverage to GTV and PTV with no significant difference (P = 0.243; P = 0.312). The conformity index (CI), and homogeneity index (HI) were 1.27 ±0.022, and 1.08 ±0.006, respectively, for HyperArc plan and 1.76 ±0.065 and 1.22 ±0.009, respectively, for the CK plan (both, P< 0.001). The Gradient radius (GR) was 0.732 ±0.056 cm for HyperArc plan and 0.847 ±0.762 cm for CK plan (P = 0.002). These indicated that HyperArc plan had better CI, HI, and GR when compared to CK plan. Maximum dose to brainstem for HyperArc and CK plans were 485.1 ±128.65 and 723.6 ±126.93 cGy, respectively (P < 0.001). Moreover, HyperArc plan had less mean dose to optic chiasm, bilateral eyes, bilateral lens, and bilateral optic nerves (all, P < 0.05). Brain V5, V12, V24 were all much smaller in HyperArc plan (all, P < 0.05), indicating that HyperArc plan delivered less dose to normal brain tissue. CONCLUSION For patients with two to five brain metastases, HyperArc-based SRT provide excellent dosimetric quality and less dose to normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan Taiwan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - H W Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan Taiwan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - C C Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan Taiwan, Tainan, Taiwan
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Lai YC, Yang S, Feng HY, Lee YC, Li ZH, Wu SH, Lin YS, Hsieh HY, Chu CJ, Chen WC, Huang YY, Kuo Y, Yang CC. Surface plasmon coupling effects on the photon color conversion behaviors of colloidal quantum dots in a GaN nanoscale hole with a nearby quantum-well structure. Opt Express 2023; 31:16010-16024. [PMID: 37157689 DOI: 10.1364/oe.486434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To improve color conversion performance for color display application, we study the near-field-induced nanoscale-cavity effects on the emission efficiency and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) under the condition of surface plasmon (SP) coupling by inserting colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and synthesized Ag nanoparticles (NPs) into surface nano-holes fabricated on a GaN template and an InGaN/GaN quantum-well (QW) template. In the QW template, the inserted Ag NPs are close to either QWs or QDs for producing three-body SP coupling to enhance color conversion. Time-resolved and continuous-wave photoluminescence (PL) behaviors of the QW- and QD-emitting lights are investigated. The comparison between the nano-hole samples and the reference samples of surface QD/Ag NP shows that the nanoscale-cavity effect of the nano-hole leads to the enhancements of QD emission, FRET between QDs, and FRET from QW into QD. The SP coupling induced by the inserted Ag NPs can enhance the QD emission and FRET from QW into QD. Its result is further enhanced through the nanoscale-cavity effect. The relative continuous-wave PL intensities among different color components also show the similar behaviors. By introducing SP coupling to a color conversion device with the FRET process in a nanoscale cavity structure, we can significantly improve the color conversion efficiency. Simulation results confirm the basic observations in experiment.
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Wang C, Kutch JJ, Labus JS, Yang CC, Harris RE, Mayer EA, Ellingson BM. Reproducible Microstructural Changes in the Brain Associated With the Presence and Severity of Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (UCPPS): A 3-Year Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study From the MAPP Network. J Pain 2023; 24:627-642. [PMID: 36435486 PMCID: PMC10676766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microstructural alterations have been reported in patients with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS). However, it isn't clear whether these alterations are reproducible within 6 months or whether long-term symptom improvement is associated with specific microstructural changes. Using data from the MAPP-II Research Network, the current study performed population-based voxel-wise DTI and probabilistic tractography in a large sample of participants from the multicenter cohort with UCPPS (N = 364) and healthy controls (HCs, N = 61) over 36 months. While fractional anisotropy (FA) differences between UCPPS patients and HCs were observed to be unique at baseline and 6-month follow-up visits, consistent aberrations in mean diffusivity (MD) were observed between UCPPS and HCs at baseline and repeated at 6 months. Additionally, compared to HCs, UCPPS patients showed stronger structural connectivity (SC) between the left postcentral gyrus and the left precuneus, and weaker SC from the left cuneus to the left lateral occipital cortex and the isthmus of the left cingulate cortex at baseline and 6-month. By 36 months, reduced FA and MD aberrations in these same regions were associated with symptom improvement in UCPPS. Together, results suggest changes in white matter microstructure may play a role in the persistent pain symptoms in UCPPS. PERSPECTIVE: This longitudinal study identified reproducible, "disease-associated" patterns in altered mean diffusivity and abnormal microstructural connectivity in UCPPS comparing to HCs over 6 months. These differences were found in regions involved in sensory processing and integration and pain modulation, making it potentially amenable for clinical interventions that target synaptic and/or neuronal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencai Wang
- Department of Radiological Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jason J Kutch
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer S Labus
- Oppenheimer Center for the Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Claire C Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard E Harris
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- Oppenheimer Center for the Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- Department of Radiological Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Chen CH, Kuo SY, Feng HY, Li ZH, Yang S, Wu SH, Hsieh HY, Lin YS, Lee YC, Chen WC, Wu PH, Chen JC, Huang YY, Lu YJ, Kuo Y, Lin CF, Yang CC. Photon color conversion enhancement of colloidal quantum dots inserted into a subsurface laterally-extended GaN nano-porous structure in an InGaN/GaN quantum-well template. Opt Express 2023; 31:6327-6341. [PMID: 36823892 DOI: 10.1364/oe.478250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To improve the color conversion performance, we study the nanoscale-cavity effects on the emission efficiency of a colloidal quantum dot (QD) and the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from quantum well (QW) into QD in a GaN porous structure (PS). For this study, we insert green-emitting QD (GQD) and red-emitting QD (RQD) into the fabricated PSs in a GaN template and a blue-emitting QW template, and investigate the behaviors of the photoluminescence (PL) decay times and the intensity ratios of blue, green, and red lights. In the PS samples fabricated on the GaN template, we observe the efficiency enhancements of QD emission and the FRET from GQD into RQD, when compared with the samples of surface QDs, which is attributed to the nanoscale-cavity effect. In the PS samples fabricated on the QW template, the FRET from QW into QD is also enhanced. The enhanced FRET and QD emission efficiencies in a PS result in an improved color conversion performance. Because of the anisotropic PS in the sample surface plane, the polarization dependencies of QD emission and FRET are observed.
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11
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Cameron AP, Helmuth ME, Smith AR, Lai HH, Amundsen CL, Kirkali Z, Gillespie BW, Yang CC, Clemens JQ. Total fluid intake, caffeine, and other bladder irritant avoidance among adults having urinary urgency with and without urgency incontinence: The Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN). Neurourol Urodyn 2023; 42:213-220. [PMID: 36579975 PMCID: PMC9811496 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caffeine has long been vilified as a cause for urinary urgency incontinence (UUI) along with other potential bladder irritants such as carbonation, alcohol, and acidic juices. The objective of this study was to assess the fluid intake behavior of people with urgency, UUI, and those with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) without UUI or urgency to assess if they avoided certain potential bladder irritants or had different fluid intake. We hypothesized that patients with UUI would avoid caffeine as a self-management method more so than these other two groups. METHODS Treatment-seeking men and women with LUTS in the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN) Observational Cohort study completed a baseline 3-day voiding and intake diary. "Complete" diaries had 3 days of data and no missing intake or voided volumes. Beverages with any caffeine, alcohol, carbonation, or acidic juice were identified and the total volume was recorded as well as the type of beverage containing caffeine to calculate the daily caffeine dose. RESULTS Four hundred and ninety-one participants (277 men and 214 women) with a median age of 63 had complete diaries. Urinary urgency was more prevalent in women than men (79% vs. 55%, p < 0.0001) as was UUI (84% vs. 47%, p < 0.0001). Total fluid intake over 3 days was lower among the urgency group versus the nonurgency group (median [interquartile range] 5.2 [4.0-6.8] L vs. 5.7 [4.3-7.0] L, p = 0.028) and the UUI group compared to the urgency without incontinence group were less likely to consume alcohol (26% vs. 37%, p = 0.04). After adjusting for sex, BMI, age, and total intake volume, UUI participants had 54% lower odds of consuming any caffeine (odds ratio = 0.46, 95% confidence interval = 0.22-0.96, p = 0.04) than those without incontinence, but among those that did consume caffeine, no difference in the volume of caffeinated beverages or milligrams of caffeine consumed was detected between those with UUI and those with urgency without incontinence. No difference in carbonation or acidic juice intake was detected between groups. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with urgency consume a lower volume of fluid than those without urgency. UUI participants more often abstain from caffeine, but among those that consume caffeine, the dose is similar to those without UUI. One explanation for these results is that only a subset of individuals with urgency or UUI are caffeine sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P. Cameron
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Abigail R. Smith
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - H. Henry Lai
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cindy L. Amundsen
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ziya Kirkali
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Claire C. Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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12
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Loh-Doyle JC, Stephens-Shields AJ, Rolston R, Newcomb C, Taple B, Sutcliffe S, Yang CC, Lai H, Rodriguez LV. Predictors of Male Sexual Dysfunction in Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (UCPPS), Other Chronic Pain Syndromes, and Healthy Controls in the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network. J Sex Med 2022; 19:1804-1812. [PMID: 36180370 PMCID: PMC10916540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.08.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dysfunction (SD), including erectile (ED) and ejaculatory dysfunction, is associated with diminished quality of life (QoL) in men with UCPPS (chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and/or interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS)). AIM We sought to compare SD among male patients with UCPPS, other chronic pain conditions (positive controls, PC), and healthy controls (HC) without chronic pain, and to evaluate the association of comorbidities, psychosocial factors, and urologic factors of SD in all 3 groups. METHODS Baseline data from male UCPPS participants, PC (irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia) and HC enrolled in the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network Epidemiology and Phenotyping Study were included in the analysis. Sexual function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function Domain (IIEFEF) and Ejaculatory Function Scale (EFS). Male ED was defined as a composite IIEF-EF score <21. Higher EFS score indicated worse sexual dysfunction; no threshold to define SD was identified for the EFS. Multivariable logistic and linear regression was used to investigate associations of comorbidities, psychosocial factors, and urologic factors with ED and ejaculatory, respectively. OUTCOMES Comorbidities, genital pain, and psychosocial factors are associated with SD across the study population and male patients with UCPPS had a high prevalence of ED and greater ejaculatory dysfunction. RESULTS There were 191 males with UCPPS; 44 PC; and 182 HC. Males with UCPPS had worse SD compared to PC and HC including lower mean IIEF-EF scores, greater degree of ejaculatory dysfunction, and lower quality of sexual relationships. Among all 3 cohorts, depression, stress, and pain were associated with ED in univariable and multivariable analysis, as was diabetes mellitus. Pain in the genitalia, severity of urinary symptoms, depression, stress, and history of childhood sexual trauma were associated with ejaculatory dysfunction in univariable and multivariable analysis. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS A multidisciplinary approach that addresses the identified risk factors for SD may improve overall QoL in males with UCPPS. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS Our study is strengthened by its use of validated, patient-reported questionnaires and inclusion of healthy and positive controls. Our understanding of the role of IC in this study is limited because only 1 patient in the study had IC/BPS as a sole diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS When compared to healthy controls and patients with other chronic pain conditions, males with UCPPS experience higher degrees of SD, including erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction. Loh-Doyle JC, Stephens-Shields AJ, Rolston R, et al. Predictors of Male Sexual Dysfunction in Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (UCPPS), Other Chronic Pain Syndromes, and Healthy Controls in the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network. J Sex Med 2022;19:1804-1812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Loh-Doyle
- USC Institute of Urology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Alisa J Stephens-Shields
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renee Rolston
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Craig Newcomb
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bayley Taple
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Claire C Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Henry Lai
- Departments of Surgery (Urologic Surgery) and Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Urologic Surgery, St Louis MO, USA
| | - Larissa V Rodriguez
- USC Institute of Urology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Bushnell JY, Cates LN, Hyde JE, Hofstetter CP, Yang CC, Khaing ZZ. Early Detrusor Application of Botulinum Toxin A Results in Reduced Bladder Hypertrophy and Fibrosis after Spinal Cord Injury in a Rodent Model. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110777. [PMID: 36356027 PMCID: PMC9697114 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following spinal cord injury (SCI), pathological reflexes develop that result in altered bladder function and sphincter dis-coordination, with accompanying changes in the detrusor. Bladder chemodenervation is known to ablate the pathological reflexes, but the resultant effects on the bladder tissue are poorly defined. In a rodent model of contusion SCI, we examined the effect of early bladder chemodenervation with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) on bladder histopathology and collagen deposition. Adult female Long Evans rats were given a severe contusion SCI at spinal level T9. The SCI rats immediately underwent open laparotomy and received detrusor injections of either BoNT-A (10 U/animal) or saline. At eight weeks post injury, the bladders were collected, weighed, and examined histologically. BoNT-A injected bladders of SCI rats (SCI + BoNT-A) weighed significantly less than saline injected bladders of SCI rats (SCI + saline) (241 ± 25 mg vs. 183 ± 42 mg; p < 0.05). Histological analyses showed that SCI resulted in significantly thicker bladder walls due to detrusor hypertrophy and fibrosis compared to bladders from uninjured animals (339 ± 89.0 μm vs. 193 ± 47.9 μm; p < 0.0001). SCI + BoNT-A animals had significantly thinner bladder walls compared to SCI + saline animals (202 ± 55.4 μm vs. 339 ± 89.0 μm; p < 0.0001). SCI + BoNT-A animals had collagen organization in the bladder walls similar to that of uninjured animals. Detrusor chemodenervation soon after SCI appears to preserve bladder tissue integrity by reducing the development of detrusor fibrosis and hypertrophy associated with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Y. Bushnell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lindsay N. Cates
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Hyde
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Claire C. Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zin Z. Khaing
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-206-543-7103
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Glaser AP, Mansfield S, Smith AR, Helfand BT, Lai HH, Sarma A, Yang CC, Taddeo M, Clemens JQ, Cameron AP, Flynn KE, Andreev V, Fraser MO, Erickson BA, Kirkali Z, Griffith JW. Impact of Sleep Disturbance, Physical Function, Depression and Anxiety on Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Results from the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN). J Urol 2022; 208:155-163. [DOI: 10.1097/ju.0000000000002493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Glaser
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Sarah Mansfield
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Brian T. Helfand
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - H. Henry Lai
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Aruna Sarma
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Claire C. Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michelle Taddeo
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University–Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J. Quentin Clemens
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Dow Division of Health Services Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anne P. Cameron
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Victor Andreev
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Matthew O. Fraser
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bradley A. Erickson
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ziya Kirkali
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James W. Griffith
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University–Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Lu S, Jiang X, Wang Y, Huang K, Gao N, Cai D, Zhou Y, Yang CC, Kang J, Zhang R. Enhancing deep-UV emission at 234 nm by introducing a truncated pyramid AlN/GaN nanostructure with fine-tuned multiple facets. Nanoscale 2022; 14:653-662. [PMID: 35018953 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06188g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The external quantum efficiency of a high-Al content (>0.6) AlGaN deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diode is typically below 1% in the sub-250 nm wavelength range. One of the main reasons for this low efficiency is the fundamental properties of high-Al content AlGaN comprising the transverse-magnetic (TM)-dominant emission and low light extraction due to the total internal reflection (TIR). This work demonstrates a truncated pyramid nanostructure with fine-tuned multiple facets in an (AlN)8/(GaN)2 digital alloy to achieve highly efficient DUV emission at 234 nm. By applying nanoimprint lithography, dry and wet etching, a hexagonal truncated pyramid nanohole structure is fabricated featuring multiple crystal facets of (0001), (10-13), and (20-21) planes. These fine-tuned multiple facets act as reflecting mirrors that can effectively modulate the light propagation and extraction patterns to overcome the TIR via multiple reflections and enhanced scattering. Consequently, significant light extraction enhancements of 5.6 times and 1.1 times for TM and transverse-electric emissions are achieved in the truncated pyramid nanohole structure, respectively. The total luminous intensity of this unique nanostructure is greatly increased by 191% compared to that of a conventional planar structure. The truncated pyramid AlN/GaN nanostructure with fine-tuned multiple facets used in this work provides a promising approach for realizing highly efficient sub-250 nm DUV light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xinjun Jiang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yaozeng Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kai Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Na Gao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Duanjun Cai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yinghui Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - C C Yang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Junyong Kang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Yang CC, Zhang JX, Wei Q, Jiang T. [Role of inducible costimulatory molecules (ICOS) and related cytokines in immune regulation of Echinococcus granulosus infections in mice]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2022; 33:575-582. [PMID: 35128887 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of inducible costimulatory molecules (ICOS) and related cytokines in the immune regulation of Echinococcus granulosus infections in mice. METHODS Eighty BALB/c mice (weight 18-22 g) were divided into the control and infection groups, of 40 animals in each group. E. granulosus infection was modeled in mice by intraperitoneal injection of 10 000 protoscoleces per mouse. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and peripheral interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 levels were measured 2, 8, 30, 60, 180 days post-infection. Mouse liver specimens were excised for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunostaining, and ICOS expression was quantified in mouse liver specimens using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay. RESULTS There were no significant differences in serum ALT (F = 12.082, P < 0.05), AST (F = 6.347, P < 0.05) or ALP levels (F = 52.186, P < 0.05) in mice 2, 8, 30, 60 and 180 days post-infection with E. granulosus. The serum ALT levels were significantly higher in the infection group than in the control group 2 [(61.72 ± 9.89) vs. (50.65 ± 4.67)U/L, P < 0.05] and 30 days post-infection [(80.61 ± 23.71)vs.(67.75 ± 9.79)U/L, P < 0.05], and the serum ALT levels were significantly higher in the infection group than in the control group 2 [(181.06 ± 60.61) vs.(115.58 ± 17.66)U/L, P < 0.05] and 180 days post-infection [(137.84 ± 29.01) vs. (108.05 ± 10.33) U/L, P < 0.05], while greater serum ALP levels were measured in the infection group than in the control group 2 [(162.90 ± 21.04)vs.(64.54 ± 5.99)U/L, P < 0.05], 8[(176.36 ± 24.56) vs. (62.70 ± 9.21)U/L, P < 0.05] and 30 days post-infection [(138.86 ± 13.59) vs. (58.60 ± 5.28) U/L, P < 0.05]. A few inflammatory cells were seen in mouse liver in the infection group 30 days post-infection, and no apparent changes were found in the mouse hepatic structure 60 days post-infection. On day 180 post-infection, a large number of epithelium-like cells presented fibrotic growth in mouse liver in the cyst-infiltrating regions, with cuticula formation seen, and plenty of red cells were present in lesions and hepatocyte space. Positive ICOS expression was detected in mouse liver in the infection group, with ICOS-positive cells predominantly seen in the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte, and the ICOS expression increased over time. The relative ICOS mRNA expression was 2.732 ± 0.094 on day 180 post-infection, which was significantly greater than that on day 2 postinfection (0.746 ± 0.049). There were no significant differences in serum IL-4 or IL-10 levels at different time points after E. granulosus infections, while the serum IL-4 and IL-10 levels peaked in the infection group 180 days and 60 days post-infection, respectively. Higher serum IL-4 levels were measured in the infection group than in the control group 8 [(22.50 ± 3.24) vs. (5.82 ± 0.49) pg/mL, P < 0.05], 30 [(15.49 ± 4.73) vs. (5.10 ± 1.38) pg/mL, P < 0.05], 60 [(36.93 ± 6.14) vs. (4.13 ± 1.19) pg/mL, P < 0.05] and 180 days post-infection [(198.35 ± 0.70) vs. (4.19 ± 0.98) pg/mL, P < 0.05], and higher IL-10 levels were measured in the infection group than in the control group 2 [(4.84 ± 1.91) vs. (2.11 ± 1.03) pg/mL, P < 0.05], 8 [(44.72 ± 14.63) vs. (3.16 ± 0.60) pg/mL, P < 0.05], 30 [(25.47 ± 8.00) vs. (3.83 ± 1.87) pg/mL, P < 0.05], 60 [(187.16 ± 60.44) vs. (3.69 ± 1.05) pg/mL, P < 0.05] and 180 days post-infection [(85.40 ± 7.15) vs. (3.25 ± 0.93) pg/mL, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS High ICOS expression is present in the liver of mice with E. granulosus infections. The positive ICOS expression and immune activation levels increase with the time of E. granulosus infections, leading to aggravation of hepatocyte injury caused by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Healthy and Nursing, Wuxi Taihu University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214064, China
| | - J X Zhang
- Changji Vocational and Technical College, China
| | - Q Wei
- Center for Laboratory Animals, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - T Jiang
- Center for Laboratory Animals, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
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Chen JW, Yang S, Li CH, Huang YY, Chen CH, Yang CC. Mesh size control in forming an Ag/AgO nano-network structure for transparent conducting application. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:135201. [PMID: 34905734 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The variation behaviors of the morphology, transmission, and sheet resistance of the surface Ag/AgO nano-network (NNW) structures fabricated under different illumination conditions and with different Ag deposition thicknesses and thermal annealing temperatures in forming initial Ag nanoparticles (NPs) are studied. Generally, an NNW structure with a smaller mesh size or a denser branch distribution has a lower transmission and a lower sheet resistance level. Under the fabrication condition of a broader illumination spectrum, a lower thermal annealing temperature, or a thicker Ag deposition, we can obtain an NNW structure of a smaller mesh size. The mesh size of an NNW structure is basically controlled by the seed density of Brownian tree (BT) at the beginning of light illumination. A BT seed can be formed through a stronger local localized surface plasmon resonance for accelerating Ag oxidation in a certain region. Once an Ag/AgO BT seed is formed, the surrounding Ag NPs are reorganized to form the branches of a BT. Multiple BTs are connected to form a large-area NNW structure, which can serve as a transparent conductor. Under the fabrication conditions of a broader illumination spectrum, 3 nm Ag deposition, and 100 °C thermal annealing, we can implement an NNW structure to achieve ∼1.15μm in mesh size, ∼90 Ω sq-1in sheet resistance, and 93%-77% in transmittance within the wavelength range between 370 and 700 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shaobo Yang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Li
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yi Huang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hua Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C C Yang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Yang CC, Hokanson JA, Keast JR. Advancing our understanding of the neural control of the female human urethra. Neurourol Urodyn 2022; 41:35-41. [PMID: 34605569 PMCID: PMC8738110 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire C. Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James A. Hokanson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Janet R. Keast
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
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Harte SE, Wiseman J, Wang Y, Smith AR, Yang CC, Helmuth M, Kreder K, Kruger GH, Gillespie BW, Amundsen C, Kirkali Z, Lai HH. Experimental Pain and Auditory Sensitivity in Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Symptoms of the Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN) Study. J Urol 2022; 207:161-171. [PMID: 34428922 PMCID: PMC9237822 DOI: 10.1097/ju.0000000000002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of nonbladder sensory abnormalities in participants with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN) study participants with OAB symptoms and controls were recruited from 6 U.S. tertiary referral centers. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) was performed to determine pressure pain sensitivity at the thumbnail bed and auditory sensitivity. Fixed and mixed effect multivariable linear regressions and Weibull models were used to compare QST responses between groups. Pearson correlations were used to assess the relationship between QST measures. Associations between QST and self-reported symptoms were explored with linear regression. RESULTS A total of 297 participants were analyzed (191 OAB, 106 controls; 76% white, 51% male). OAB cases were older than controls (57.4 vs 52.2 years, p=0.015). No significant differences in experimental thumbnail (nonbladder) pain or auditory sensitivity were detected between OAB cases and controls. Correlations between pressure and auditory derived metrics were weak to moderate overall for both groups, with some significantly stronger correlations for cases. Exploratory analyses indicated increased pressure pain and auditory sensitivity were modestly associated with greater self-reported bladder pain and pain interference with physical function. CONCLUSIONS As a group, no significant differences between OAB cases and controls were observed in experimental nonbladder pain or auditory sensitivity during QST. Associations between QST outcomes and clinical pain raise the possibility of centrally mediated sensory amplification in some individuals with OAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Harte
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jon Wiseman
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Claire C. Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-6510 USA
| | | | - Karl Kreder
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Grant H. Kruger
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Cindy Amundsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ziya Kirkali
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H. Henry Lai
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Patel M, Gadzinski AJ, Bell AM, Watts K, Steppe E, Odisho AY, Yang CC, Ellimoottil C. Interprofessional Consultations (eConsults) in Urology. Urol Pract 2021; 8:321-327. [PMID: 33928183 PMCID: PMC8078010 DOI: 10.1097/upj.0000000000000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An interprofessional consultation (eConsult) is an asynchronous form of telehealth whereby a primary care provider requests electronic consultation with a specialist in place of an in-person consultation. While eConsults have been successfully implemented in many medical specialties, their use in the practice of urology is relatively unknown. METHODS We included data from four academic institutions: University of Michigan, University of California -San Francisco, University of Washington, and Montefiore Medical Center. We included every urological eConsult performed at each institution from the launch of their respective programs through August 2019. We considered an eConsult "converted" when the participating urologist recommended a full in-person evaluation. We report eConsult conversion rate, response time, completion time, and diagnosis categories. RESULTS A total of 462 urological eConsults were requested. Of these, 36% were converted to a traditional in-person visit. Among resolved eConsults, with data on provider response time available (n=119),53.8% of eConsults were addressed in less than 1 day; 28.6% in 1 day; 8.4% in 2 days; 3.4% in 3 days; 3.4% in 4 days; 1.7% in 5 days; and 0.8% in ≥6 days. Among resolved eConsults, with data on provider completion time available (n=283), 50.2% were completed in 1-10 minutes; 46.7% in 11-20 minutes; 2.8% in 21-30 minutes; and less than 1% in ≥31 minutes. DISCUSSION Our study suggests that eConsults are an effective avenue for urologists to provide recommendations for many common non-surgical urological conditions and thus avoid a traditional in-person for low-complexity situations. Further investigation into the impact of eConsults on healthcare costs and access to urological care are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Patel
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | | | - Kara Watts
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, New York
| | - Emma Steppe
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Anobel Y. Odisho
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco
- Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Claire C. Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Chad Ellimoottil
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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21
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Chen CY, Ni CC, Wu RN, Kuo SY, Li CH, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Surface plasmon coupling effects on the förster resonance energy transfer from quantum dot into rhodamine 6G. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:295202. [PMID: 33848997 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abf775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules linked CdZnSeS/ZnS green-emitting quantum dots (QDs) are self-assembled onto Ag nanoparticles (NPs) for studying the surface plasmon (SP) coupling effect on the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process from QD into R6G. SP coupling can enhance the emission efficiency of QD such that FRET has to compete with QD emission for transferring energy into R6G. It is found that FRET efficiency is reduced under the SP coupling condition. Although R6G emission efficiency can also be enhanced through SP coupling when it is directly linked onto Ag NP, the enhancement decreases when R6G is linked onto QD and then the QD-R6G complex is self-assembled onto Ag NP. In particular, R6G emission efficiency can be reduced through SP coupling when the number of R6G molecules linked onto a QD is high. A rate-equation model is built for resembling the measured photoluminescence decay profiles and providing us with more detailed explanations for the observed FRET and SP coupling behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Ni
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nan Wu
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Kuo
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Li
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yean-Woei Kiang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - C C Yang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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22
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Chen YP, Ni CC, Wu RN, Kuo SY, Su YC, Huang YY, Chen JW, Hsu YC, Wu SH, Chen CY, Wu PH, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Combined effects of surface plasmon coupling and Förster resonance energy transfer on the light color conversion behaviors of colloidal quantum dots on an InGaN/GaN quantum-well nanodisk structure. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:135206. [PMID: 33271517 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd05e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By forming nanodisk (ND) structures on a blue-emitting InGaN/GaN quantum-well (QW) template, the QWs become close to the red-emitting quantum dots (QDs) and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) attached onto the sidewalls of the NDs such that Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and surface plasmon (SP) coupling can occur to enhance the efficiency of blue-to-red color conversion. With a larger ND height, more QWs are exposed to open air on the sidewall for more QD/Ag NP attachment through QD self-assembly and Ag NP drop casting such that the FRET and SP coupling effects, and hence the color conversion efficiency can be enhanced. A stronger FRET process leads to a longer QD photoluminescence (PL) decay time and a shorter QW PL decay time. It is shown that SP coupling can enhance the FRET efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Po Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Ni
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nan Wu
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Kuo
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yi Huang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiao Hsu
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Hsiang Wu
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsiu Wu
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yean-Woei Kiang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - C C Yang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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23
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Ni CC, Kuo SY, Li ZH, Wu SH, Wu RN, Chen CY, Yang CC. Förster resonance energy transfer in surface plasmon coupled color conversion processes of colloidal quantum dots. Opt Express 2021; 29:4067-4081. [PMID: 33770994 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from a green-emitting quantum dot (GQD) into a red-emitting quantum dot (RQD) is an important mechanism in a multiple-color conversion process, particularly under the surface plasmon (SP) coupling condition for enhancing color conversion efficiency. Here, the dependencies of FRET efficiency on the relative concentrations of GQD and RQD in their mixtures and their surface molecule coatings for controlling surface charges are studied. Also, the SP coupling effects induced by two kinds of Ag nanoparticles on the emission behaviors of GQD and RQD are demonstrated, particularly when FRET is involved in the coupling process. FRET efficiency is reduced under the SP coupling condition. SP coupling can enhance the color conversion efficiency of either GQD or RQD. The combination of SP coupling and FRET can be used for controlling the relative converted light intensities in a multiple-color conversion process.
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24
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Mawla I, Schrepf A, Ichesco E, Harte SE, Klumpp DJ, Griffith JW, Strachan E, Yang CC, Lai H, Andriole G, Magnotta VA, Kreder K, Clauw DJ, Harris RE, Clemens JQ, Landis JR, Mullins C, Rodriguez LV, Mayer EA, Kutch JJ. Natural bladder filling alters resting brain function at multiple spatial scales: a proof-of-concept MAPP Network Neuroimaging Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19901. [PMID: 33199816 PMCID: PMC7669903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural circuitry regulating urine storage in humans has been largely inferred from fMRI during urodynamic studies driven by catheter infusion of fluid into the bladder. However, urodynamic testing may be confounded by artificially filling the bladder repeatedly at a high rate and examining associated time-locked changes in fMRI signals. Here we describe and test a more ecologically-valid paradigm to study the brain response to bladder filling by (1) filling the bladder naturally with oral water ingestion, (2) examining resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) which is more natural since it is not linked with a specific stimulus, and (3) relating rs-fMRI measures to self-report (urinary urge) and physiologic measures (voided volume). To establish appropriate controls and analyses for future clinical studies, here we analyze data collected from healthy individuals (N = 62) as part of the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network. Participants orally ingested approximately 350 mL of water, and had a 10 min “fuller bladder” rs-fMRI scan approximately 1 h later. A second 10 min “empty bladder” rs-fMRI scan was conducted immediately following micturition. We examined multiple spatial scales of brain function, including local activity, circuits, and networks. We found changes in brain function distributed across micturition loci (e.g., subregions of the salience, sensorimotor, and default networks) that were significantly related to the stimulus (volume) and response (urinary urge). Based on our results, this paradigm can be applied in the future to study the neurobiological underpinnings of urologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Mawla
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Schrepf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric Ichesco
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven E Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David J Klumpp
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James W Griffith
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric Strachan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claire C Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Henry Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gerald Andriole
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Karl Kreder
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel J Clauw
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard E Harris
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - J Richard Landis
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chris Mullins
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Larissa V Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason J Kutch
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 E. Alcazar Street, CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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25
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Lin DW, Shih MC, Aronson W, Basler J, Beer TM, Brophy M, Cooperberg M, Garzotto M, Kelly WK, Lee K, McGuire V, Wang Y, Lu Y, Markle V, Nseyo U, Ringer R, Savage SJ, Sinnott P, Uchio E, Yang CC, Montgomery RB. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program Study #553: Chemotherapy After Prostatectomy for High-risk Prostate Carcinoma: A Phase III Randomized Study. Eur Urol 2020; 77:563-572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Tse WF, Wu RN, Lu CC, Hsu YC, Chen YP, Kuo SY, Su YC, Wu PH, Kuo Y, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Spatial range of the plasmonic Dicke effect in an InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structure. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:295001. [PMID: 32268310 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab87cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The plasmonic Dicke effect means a cooperative emission mechanism of multiple light emitters when they are simultaneously coupled with the same surface plasmon (SP) mode of a metal nanostructure to achieve a higher collective emission efficiency. Here, we compare the enhancements of emission efficiency among a series of SP-coupled InGaN/GaN quantum-well (QW) structures of different QW period numbers to show an emission behavior consistent with the plasmonic Dicke effect. The relative enhancement of overall emission efficiency increases with QW period number until it reaches a critical value, beyond which the enhancement starts to decrease. This critical QW period number corresponds to the effective depth range of the plasmonic Dicke effect in a multiple-QW system. It also represents an optimized QW structure for maximizing the SP coupling effect. Internal quantum efficiency and time-resolved photoluminescence are measured for comparing the enhanced emission efficiencies of blue and green QW structures with different QW period numbers through SP coupling induced by surface Ag nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Fong Tse
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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27
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Wang YT, Wu RN, Ni CC, Lu CC, Cai CJ, Tse WF, Chang WY, Kuo Y, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Important role of surface plasmon coupling with the quantum wells in a surface plasmon enhanced color-converting structure of colloidal quantum dots on quantum wells. Opt Express 2020; 28:13352-13367. [PMID: 32403812 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To improve the color-conversion efficiency based on a quantum-well (QW) light-emitting diode (LED), a more energy-saving strategy is needed to increase the energy transfer efficiency from the electrical input power of the LED into the emission of over-coated color-converter, not just from LED emission into converted light. In this regard, the efficiency of energy transfer of any mechanism from LED QW into the color-converter is an important issue. By overlaying blue-emitting QW structures and GaN templates with both deposited metal nanoparticles (DMNPs) and color-converting quantum dot (QD) linked synthesized metal nanoparticles (SMNPs) of different localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance wavelengths for producing multiple surface plasmon (SP) coupling mechanisms with the QW and QD, we study the enhancement variations of their internal quantum efficiencies and photoluminescence decay times. By comparing the QD emission efficiencies between the samples with and without QW, one can observe the advantageous effect of QW coupling with LSP resonances on QD emission efficiency. Also, with the LSP resonance wavelengths of both DMNPs and SMNPs close to the QW emission wavelength for producing strong SP coupling with the QW and hence QD absorption, a higher QD emission or color-conversion efficiency can be obtained.
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28
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Yang CC, Clemens JQ. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Advances in Women's Urologic Health From MAPP and LURN. Urology 2020; 150:223-226. [PMID: 32330529 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire C Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
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29
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Clemens JQ, Wiseman JB, Smith AR, Amundsen CL, Yang CC, Bradley MS, Kirkali Z, Agochukwu NQ, Cameron AP. Prevalence, subtypes, and correlates of nocturia in the symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network cohort. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39:1098-1107. [PMID: 32249998 PMCID: PMC7238757 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We determined the prevalence, severity, and correlates of nocturia in a large clinical cohort of patients. METHODS Patients presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) completed 3-day bladder diaries. Nocturia was quantified based on the mean number of nighttime voids documented over the 3 days. Nocturia subtypes (global polyuria, nocturnal polyuria [NP], reduced global bladder capacity, and reduced nocturnal bladder capacity) were assessed. Bother due to nocturia was measured by the LUTS Tool. Sleep quality was assessed with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Scale. Multivariable multinomial regression was used to explore patient characteristics associated with nocturia. RESULTS In 502 participants with analyzable diaries (285 men and 217 women), the mean number of nocturia episodes over 3 days was 0 in 103 (20.5%), >0 to <1 in 151 (20.1%), 1 to <2 in 165 (32.9%), and ≥2 in 83 (16.5%). Sixty-seven percent of the participants with nocturia ≥1 reported significant bother from their nocturia. NP was the most common nocturia subtype and was present in 17% of those with nocturia = 0, 40% of those with nocturia >0 to <1, 65% of those with nocturia 1 to <2%, and 77% with nocturia 2+. Higher degrees of nocturia were associated with male sex, greater sleep disturbance, and a higher likelihood of exhibiting multiple nocturia subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Nocturia ≥1 occurred in 49% of LUTS patients and caused significant bother in the majority of them. The most common subtype was NP, but a substantial proportion of patients exhibited additional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cindy L. Amundsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Claire C. Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Megan S. Bradley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ziya Kirkali
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Anne P. Cameron
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Ji J, Zhang G, Yang S, Feng X, Zhang X, Yang CC. Theoretical analysis of a white-light LED array based on a GaN nanorod structure. Appl Opt 2020; 59:2345-2351. [PMID: 32225766 DOI: 10.1364/ao.387059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on the experimentally demonstrated In content distribution in the InGaN/GaN quantum wells on a two-section GaN nanorod (NR) sidewall, a white-light light-emitting diode (LED) without phosphor is designed and simulated. Following the dependencies of the In diffusion length and incorporation ratio on NR geometric variables of a theoretical model, the height, radius, and tapering section geometry of the GaN NR are designed for controlling the relative intensities of a blue and a yellow emission component to mix into white light. The higher-In upper section of the NR is first excited to emit a relatively stronger yellow component when injection current is low. As the injection current increases, more current spreads into the lower-In lower section, eventually leading to a stronger blue emission component. The proposed NR LED structure provides an alternative solution for phosphor-free white-light generation.
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31
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Cai CJ, Wang YT, Ni CC, Wu RN, Chen CY, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Emission behaviors of colloidal quantum dots linked onto synthesized metal nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:095201. [PMID: 31731282 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With two different residual surfactants, four different metal nanoparticles (NPs), including two Au NPs and two Ag NPs are synthesized for linking with red-emitting CdZnSeS/ZnS colloidal quantum dots (QDs) to enhance QD emission efficiency. Those metal NPs are first connected with amino polyethylene glycol thiol of different molecular weights to avoid aggregation and make them positively charged. They can attract negatively charged QDs for inducing surface plasmon (SP) coupling such that either QD absorption or emission and hence overall color conversion efficiency can be enhanced. The enhancement of QD emission efficiency is evaluated through the comparison of time-resolved photoluminescence behaviors under different QD linkage conditions. Such results are confirmed by the measurement of the emission quantum efficiency of QD. It is found that by linking QDs onto Ag NPs, the QD emission efficiency is more enhanced, when compared with Au NPs. Also, depending on the synthesis process, the residual surfactant of citrate leads to a relatively large increment in QD emission efficiency, when compared to the surfactant of cetrimonium chloride. A more enhanced QD emission efficiency is caused by a higher QD linkage capability and a stronger SP coupling effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jin Cai
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Yang DD, Zhao M, Zhang RD, Zhang Y, Yang CC, Jiang Q. NiS 2 nanoparticles anchored on open carbon nanohelmets as an advanced anode for lithium-ion batteries. Nanoscale Adv 2020; 2:512-519. [PMID: 36134007 PMCID: PMC9416909 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00661c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Low intrinsic conductivity and large volume expansion seriously restrict the efficient lithium storage performance of metal sulfides. Here, we fabricate a hybrid material of NiS2 nanoparticles/carbon nanohelmets (NiS2/CNHs) to address the above issues. As an anode material in lithium-ion batteries, NiS2/CNHs exhibit excellent cycling stability (490 mA h g-1 after 3000 cycles at 5 A g-1) and rate properties (412 mA h g-1 at 10 A g-1), outperforming other NiS x -based anode materials. These remarkable performances originate from the three-dimensional helmet-like integrated architecture of NiS2/CNHs, which reduces the electrode resistance due to the tight combination between NiS2 and CNHs, provides efficient diffusion paths for the electrolyte and Li+ owing to the amorphous nanoporous carbon structure, and significantly mitigates the aggregation and buffers the large volumetric expansion of NiS2 nanoparticles upon long-term cycling thanks to the open three-dimensional architecture and well-dispersed NiS2 nanoparticles on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Yang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130022 China +86-431-85095876 +86-431-85095371
| | - M Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130022 China +86-431-85095876 +86-431-85095371
| | - R D Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130022 China +86-431-85095876 +86-431-85095371
| | - Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130022 China +86-431-85095876 +86-431-85095371
| | - C C Yang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130022 China +86-431-85095876 +86-431-85095371
| | - Q Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130022 China +86-431-85095876 +86-431-85095371
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Liu G, Andreev VP, Helmuth ME, Yang CC, Lai HH, Smith AR, Wiseman JB, Merion RM, Erickson BA, Cella D, Griffith JW, Gore JL, DeLancey JOL, Kirkali Z. Symptom Based Clustering of Men in the LURN Observational Cohort Study. J Urol 2019; 202:1230-1239. [PMID: 31120372 PMCID: PMC6842034 DOI: 10.1097/ju.0000000000000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional classification of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms into diagnostic categories based on a predefined symptom complex or predominant symptom appears inadequate. This is due to the frequent presentation of patients with multiple urinary symptoms which could not be perfectly categorized into traditional diagnostic groups. We used a novel clustering method to identify subtypes of male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms based on detailed multisymptom information. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed baseline data on 503 care seeking men in the LURN (Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network) Observational Cohort Study. Symptoms and symptom severity were assessed using the LUTS (Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms) Tool and the AUA SI (American Urological Association Symptom Index), which include a total of 52 questions. We used a resampling based consensus clustering algorithm to identify patient subtypes with distinct symptom signatures. RESULTS Four distinct symptom clusters were identified. The 166 patients in cluster M1 had predominant symptoms of frequency, nocturia, hesitancy, straining, weak stream, intermittency and incomplete bladder emptying suggestive of bladder outlet obstruction. The 93 patients in cluster M2 mainly endorsed post-micturition symptoms (eg post-void dribbling and post-void leakage) with some weak stream. The 114 patients in cluster M3 reported mostly urinary frequency without incontinence. The 130 patients in cluster M4 reported severe frequency, urgency and urgency incontinence. Most other urinary symptoms statistically differed between cluster pairs. Patient reported outcomes of bowel symptoms, mental health, sleep dysfunction, erectile function and urological pain significantly differed across the clusters. CONCLUSIONS We identified 4 data derived clusters among men seeking care for lower urinary tract symptoms. The clusters differed from traditional diagnostic categories. Further subtype refinement will be done to incorporate clinical data and nonurinary patient reported outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | | | - H. Henry Lai
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziya Kirkali
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
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Wang YT, Liu CW, Chen PY, Wu RN, Ni CC, Cai CJ, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Color conversion efficiency enhancement of colloidal quantum dot through its linkage with synthesized metal nanoparticle on a blue light-emitting diode. Opt Lett 2019; 44:5691-5694. [PMID: 31774755 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Four surface-modified and, hence, positively charged metal nanoparticles (NPs) of different localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance wavelengths are synthesized for linking with negatively charged, red-emitting colloidal CdZnSeS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) on the top surface of a blue-emitting InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) light-emitting diode (LED) through electro-static force. The metal NP-QD linkage leads to a short distance between them for producing their strong surface plasmon (SP) coupling, such that QD absorption and emission can be enhanced. Meanwhile, the small p-GaN thickness in the LED results in strong SP coupling between the LSP resonance of metal NP and the QWs of the LED, leading to enhanced QW emission and, hence, stronger QD excitation. All those factors together result in the increase of the color conversion efficiency of the QD.
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Amundsen CL, Helmuth ME, Smith AR, DeLancey JOL, Bradley CS, Flynn KE, Kenton KS, Henry Lai H, Cella D, Griffith JW, Andreev VP, Eric Jelovsek J, Liu AB, Kirkali Z, Yang CC. Longitudinal changes in symptom-based female and male LUTS clusters. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 39:393-402. [PMID: 31765491 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are diverse in type and variable in severity. We examined symptom change within the Symptoms of the Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN) Observational Cohort study identified clusters over time and tested associations with treatments received. METHODS Patient-reported LUTS and treatment data were collected at multiple time points between baseline and 12 months from the LURN Observational Cohort study. LUTS severity scores were calculated to summarize changes in symptom reporting over time in previously identified LURN clusters. Repeated measures linear regression models tested adjusted associations between cluster membership and severity scores. RESULTS Four-hundred seventeen men and 396 women were classified into improved, unchanged, and worsened symptoms between baseline and 12 months (men: 44.1%, 40.5%, and 15.3%; women: 55.8%, 33.1%, 11.1%, respectively). Improvement in LUTS severity scores varied by cluster (estimated adjusted mean change from baseline range: -.04 change in standard deviations of severity scores (ΔSD) to -.67 ΔSD). Prostate surgery was associated with improved severity scores (-.63 ΔSD) in men, while stress incontinence surgery was associated with improved severity scores (-.88 ΔSD) in women. CONCLUSION Symptom improvement varied by cluster indicating response to therapy differs amongst subtypes of patients with LUTS. The differential improvement of patients in clusters suggests mechanistic differences between clusters and may aid in selecting more targeted treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Amundsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Abigail R Smith
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Kimberly S Kenton
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - H Henry Lai
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David Cella
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James W Griffith
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - J Eric Jelovsek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alice B Liu
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ziya Kirkali
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
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Peterson AC, Smith AR, Fraser MO, Yang CC, DeLancey JOL, Gillespie BW, Gore JL, Talaty P, Andreev VP, Kreder KJ, Mueller MG, Lai HH, Erickson BA, Kirkali Z. The Distribution of Post-Void Residual Volumes in People Seeking Care in the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Network Observational Cohort Study With Comparison to Asymptomatic Populations. Urology 2019; 130:22-28. [PMID: 31018115 PMCID: PMC6660395 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the distribution of post-void residual (PVR) volumes across patients with and without lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and examine relationships between self-reported voiding symptoms, storage symptoms, and PVR. METHODS PVR and demographic data were obtained from the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN) observational cohort study. Self-reported symptoms were collected using the American Urological Association Symptom Index and the LUTS Tool. PVR values were obtained from 2 other cohorts: living kidney donors with unknown LUTS from the Renal and Lung Living Donors Evaluation Study (RELIVE), and continent women in the Establishing the Prevalence of Incontinence (EPI) study, a population-based study of racial differences in urinary incontinence prevalence. RESULTS Across the 3 studies, median PVRs were similar: 26 mL in LURN (n = 880, range 0-932 mL), 20 mL in EPI (n = 166, range 0-400 mL), and 14 mL in RELIVE (n = 191, range 0-352 mL). In LURN, males had 3.6 times higher odds of having PVR > 200 mL (95% CI = 1.72-7.48). In RELIVE, median PVR was significantly higher for males (20 mL vs 0 mL, P= .004). Among women, only the intermittency severity rating was associated with a probability of an elevated PVR. Among men, incomplete emptying and burning severity rating were associated with a higher odds of elevated PVR, but urgency severity ratings were associated with lower odds of elevated PVR. CONCLUSION Care-seeking patients have PVRs similar to those in people with unknown history of LUTS (RELIVE) and without self-reported LUTS (EPI). Although PVR was correlated with voiding symptoms, the mean differences only explain ∼2% of the variance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pooja Talaty
- NorthShore University Health System, Glenview, IL
| | | | | | | | - H Henry Lai
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Ziya Kirkali
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
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Cameron AP, Wiseman JB, Smith AR, Merion RM, Gillespie BW, Bradley CS, Amundsen CL, Yang CC, Lai HH, DeLancey JOL, Helmuth ME, Bradley MS, Agochukwu N, Andreev VP, Kirkali Z, Clemens JQ. Are three-day voiding diaries feasible and reliable? Results from the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN) cohort. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 38:2185-2193. [PMID: 31347211 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to assess the completeness of voiding diaries in a research context and to correlate diary data with patient-reported questionnaires. METHODS Men and women enrolled in the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN) were given a 3-day voiding and fluid-intake diary to fill-out. Diaries were assessed for completeness and intake-output imbalances. They were assigned to one of four categories based on a percentage of missing data and fluid imbalance: no diary submitted, unusable (>40% missing void or intake volumes, or unphysiological fluid imbalance), usable but not complete, and complete. RESULTS A total of 1064 participants were enrolled and 85% (n = 902) returned the bladder diary. Of the diaries returned, 94% (n = 845) had data on three separate days, 87% (n = 786) had no missing intake volumes, 61% (n = 547) had no missing voided volumes, and 70% (n = 635) had a fluid imbalance within 3 L across the 3-day time period, resulting in 50% (n = 448) of participants with 100% complete diaries. Younger age was associated with a higher likelihood of not submitting a diary, or submitting an unusable diary. Women had a higher likelihood of submitting an unusable diary or a usable but incomplete diary. CONCLUSION Overall, 50% of LURN participants returned voiding diaries with perfectly complete data. Incomplete data for voided volumes was the most common deficiency. There was only a moderate correlation between diary data and questionnaire responses, indicating that diaries are a source of unique information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P Cameron
- Departments of Urology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Abigail R Smith
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert M Merion
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brenda W Gillespie
- Departments of Urology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Catherine S Bradley
- Iowa Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Cindy L Amundsen
- Duke Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Claire C Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Henry H Lai
- Department of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - John O L DeLancey
- Departments of Urology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Megan S Bradley
- Duke Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nnena Agochukwu
- Departments of Urology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Ziya Kirkali
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Quentin Clemens
- Departments of Urology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Chang WY, Kuo Y, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Simulation study on light color conversion enhancement through surface plasmon coupling. Opt Express 2019; 27:A629-A642. [PMID: 31252843 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.00a629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical model together with a numerical algorithm of surface plasmon (SP) coupling are built for simulating SP-enhanced light color conversion from a shorter-wavelength radiating dipole (representing a quantum well - QW) into a longer-wavelength one (representing a quantum dot - QD) through QD absorption at the shorter wavelength. An Ag nanoparticle (NP) located between the two dipoles is designed for producing strong SP couplings simultaneously at the two wavelengths. At the QW emission wavelength, SP couplings with the QW and QD dipoles lead to the energy transfer from the QW into the QD and hence the absorption enhancement of the QD. At the QD emission wavelength, SP coupling with the excited QD dipole results in the enhancement of QD emission efficiency. The combination of the SP-induced effects at the two wavelengths leads to the increase of overall color conversion efficiency. The color conversion efficiencies in using Ag NPs of different geometries or SP resonance behaviors for producing different QD absorption and emission enhancement levels are compared.
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Xiao H, Yi Z, Yang CC, Zeng N, Xu Y, Deng P, Wang HP, Wu YP, Wu M. [Regulation mechanism of E2F1 transcription factor on M2 macrophages in full-thickness skin defect wounds of mice]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2019; 35:104-109. [PMID: 30798576 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the regulatory mechanism of E2F1 transcription factor on M2 macrophages in full-thickness skin defect wounds of mice. Methods: E2F1 gene knockout heterozygotes C57BL/6 mice and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were introduced and self-reproduced. Two weeks after birth, E2F1 gene knockout homozygotes mice and wild-type mice were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twelve identified 6-8 weeks old male E2F1 gene knockout homozygotes C57BL/6 mice and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were selected respectively according to the random number table and set as E2F1 gene knockout group and wild-type group. A full-thickness skin defect wound was made on the back of each mouse. On post injury day (PID) 2 and 7, 6 mice in each group were selected according to the random number table and sacrificed, and the wound tissue was excised. The expression of CD68 and CD206 double positive M2 macrophages was observed by immunofluorescence method, and the percentage of CD206 positive cells was calculated. The protein expression of CD206 was detected by Western blotting. The mRNA expression of arginase 1 was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Wound tissue specimens of the two groups on PID 7 were obtained, and the protein and mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) were detected by Western blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR respectively. The above-mentioned experiments were repeated four times. Three specimens of wound tissue of mice in wild-type group on PID 7 were obtained to detect the relationship between E2F1 and PPAR-γ by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting, and this experiment was repeated two times. Data were processed with unpaired t test. Results: The size of PCR products of E2F1 gene knockout homozygotes C57BL/6 mice and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were 227 and 172 bp respectively, which were the same as those of the designed DNA fragments. On PID 2 and 7, the number of CD68 and CD206 double positive M2 macrophages in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group was more than that of wild-type group, and the percentages of CD206 positive cells in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group were (0.234±0.032)% and (0.584±0.023)% respectively, which were significantly higher than (0.129±0.017)% and (0.282±0.071)% of wild-type group (t=3.29, 3.54, P<0.05). On PID 2 and 7, the protein expression of CD206 in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group were 1.00±0.23 and 1.63±0.26 respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.43±0.06 and 0.97±0.08 of wild-type group (t=2.41, 2.45, P<0.05). On PID 2 and 7, the mRNA expressions of arginase 1 in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group were 0.482±0.105 and 0.195±0.031 respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.163±0.026 and 0.108±0.017 of wild-type group (t=3.04, 2.86, P<0.05). On PID 7, the protein and mRNA expressions of PPAR-γ in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group were 0.61±0.12 and 0.51±0.13 respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.20±0.04 and 0.20±0.04 of wild-type group (t=3.36, 2.86, P<0.05). On PID 7, detection of the wound tissue of mice in wild-type group showed that PPAR-γ had unidirectional effect on E2F1. Conclusions: E2F1 transcription factor affects the polarization of M2 macrophages by inhibiting the expression of PPAR-γ, thereby inhibiting the healing process of full-thickness skin defect wounds in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China (Xiao Hui is now working at the Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 463100, China)
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Hua WH, Cai CJ, Chou KP, Tsai YH, Low MC, Tu CG, Chen CY, Ni CC, Kiang YW, Yang CC, Hsu YC. Control of pore structure in a porous gold nanoparticle for effective cancer cell damage. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:025101. [PMID: 30378566 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae8c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For tumor treatment, compared with gold nanoparticles (NPs) of other geometries, a porous gold NP (PGNP) has the advantages of stronger localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) due to the pore nanostructures and a larger surface area to link with more drug or photosensitizer (PS) molecules for more effective delivery into cancer cells. Different from the chemical synthesis methods, in this paper we demonstrate the fabrication procedures of PGNP based on shaped Au/Ag deposition on a Si substrate and elucidate the advantageous features. PGNPs fabricated under different conditions, including different deposited Au/Ag content ratios and different alloying annealing temperatures, are compared for optimizing the fabrication condition in terms of LSPR wavelength, PS linkage capability, and cancer cell damage efficiency. It is found that within the feasible fabrication parameter ranges, the Au/Ag content ratio of 3:7 and alloying annealing temperature at 600 °C are the optimized conditions. In comparing with widely used gold NPs of other geometries, PGNP fabricated under the optimized conditions can be used for achieving a significantly higher linked PS molecule number per unit gold weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Hua
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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Andreev VP, Liu G, Yang CC, Smith AR, Helmuth ME, Wiseman JB, Merion RM, Weinfurt KP, Cameron AP, Lai HH, Cella D, Gillespie BW, Helfand BT, Griffith JW, DeLancey JOL, Fraser MO, Clemens JQ, Kirkali Z. Symptom Based Clustering of Women in the LURN Observational Cohort Study. J Urol 2018; 200:1323-1331. [PMID: 29990467 PMCID: PMC6298822 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Women with lower urinary tract symptoms are often diagnosed based on a predefined symptom complex or a predominant symptom. There are many limitations to this paradigm as often patients present with multiple urinary symptoms which do not perfectly fit the preestablished diagnoses. We used cluster analysis to identify novel, symptom based subtypes of women with lower urinary tract symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed baseline urinary symptom questionnaire data obtained from 545 care seeking female participants enrolled in the LURN (Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network) Observational Cohort Study. Symptoms were measured with the LUTS (lower urinary tract symptoms) Tool and the AUA SI (American Urological Association Symptom Index), and analyzed using a probability based consensus clustering algorithm. RESULTS Four clusters were identified. The 138 women in cluster F1 did not report incontinence but experienced post-void dribbling, frequency and voiding symptoms. The 80 women in cluster F2 reported urgency incontinence as well as urgency and frequency but minimal voiding symptoms or stress incontinence. Cluster F3 included 244 women who reported all types of incontinence, urgency, frequency and mild voiding symptoms. The 83 women in cluster F4 reported all lower urinary tract symptoms at uniformly high levels. All but 2 of 44 LUTS Tool and 8 AUA SI questions significantly differed between at least 2 clusters (p <0.05). All clusters contained at least 1 member from each conventional group, including continence, and stress, urgency, mixed and other incontinence. CONCLUSIONS Women seeking care for lower urinary tract symptoms cluster into 4 distinct symptom groups which differ from conventional clinical diagnostic groups. Further validation is needed to determine whether management improves using this new classification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gang Liu
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Abigail R Smith
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Robert M Merion
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - H Henry Lai
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David Cella
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziya Kirkali
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
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Yao YF, Chou KP, Lin HH, Chen CC, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Polarity Control in Growing Highly Ga-Doped ZnO Nanowires with the Vapor-Liquid-Solid Process. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:40764-40772. [PMID: 30398848 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface behavior modification by forming surface-transparent conductive nanowires (NWs) is an important technique for many applications, particularly when the polarities of the NWs can be controlled. The polarities of Ga-doped ZnO (GaZnO) NWs grown on templates of different polarities under different growth conditions are studied for exploring a polarity control growth technique. The NWs are formed on Ga- and N-face GaN through the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process using Ag nanoparticles as growth catalyst. The NWs grown on templates of different polarities under the Zn- (O-) rich conditions are always Zn (O) polar. During the early stage of NW growth, because the lattice sizes among different nucleation islands formed at the triple-phase line are quite different, high-density planar defects are produced when lateral growths from multiple nucleation islands form a GaZnO double bilayer. In this situation, frequent domain inversions occur, and GaZnO polarity is unstable. Under the Zn- (O-) rich conditions, because the lateral growth rate of GaZnO in the Zn- (O-) polar structure is higher due to more available dangling bonds, the growth of the Zn- (O-) polar structure dominates NW formation such that the NW eventually becomes Zn (O) polar irrespective of the polarity of the growth template. Therefore, the polarity of a doped-ZnO NW can be controlled simply by the relative supply rates of Zn and O during VLS growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Yao
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Keng-Ping Chou
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Huang-Hui Lin
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yean-Woei Kiang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - C C Yang
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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Lin CH, Su CY, Yao YF, Su MY, Chiang HC, Tsai MC, Liu WH, Tu CG, Kiang YW, Yang CC, Huang FW, Lee CL, Hsu TC. Further emission efficiency improvement of a commercial-quality light-emitting diode through surface plasmon coupling. Opt Lett 2018; 43:5631-5634. [PMID: 30439912 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is usually believed that surface plasmon (SP) coupling is practically useful only for improving the performance of a light-emitting diode (LED) with a low intrinsic internal quantum efficiency (IQE). In this Letter, we demonstrate that the performance of a commercial-quality blue LED with a high IQE (>80%) can still be significantly improved through SP coupling based on a surface Ag nanoparticle (NP) structure. The performance improvement of such an LED is achieved by increasing the Mg doping concentration in its p-AlGaN electron blocking layer to enhance the hole injection efficiency such that the p-GaN layer thickness can be significantly reduced without sacrificing its electrical property. In this situation, the distance between surface Ag NPs and quantum wells is decreased and hence SP coupling strength is increased. By reducing the distance between the surface Ag NPs and the top quantum well to 66 nm, the IQE can be increased to almost 90% (an ∼11% enhancement) and the electroluminescence intensity can be enhanced by ∼24%.
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Haynes BM, Osbun NC, Yang CC. Ancillary benefits of bladder chemodenervation for SCI neurogenic bladder. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2018; 4:83. [PMID: 30245851 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-018-0116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Study design Case series. Objective Bladder chemodenervation is effective in treating neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in patients with neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury. Anecdotal reports also describe the improvement of non-bladder symptoms, specifically those related to autonomic dysreflexia (AD) and muscle spasticity. We conducted a study to further investigate this phenomenon. Setting USA, Urban Tertiary Care Center. Methods Twenty-one persons with SCI completed the study between March and December 2015. Mean age was 45 years (range 21-69). All were scheduled to undergo bladder chemodenervation with onabotulinumtoxinA 200 units to treat bothersome NDO refractory to oral medications. Each completed a questionnaire detailing symptoms unrelated to NDO immediately prior to the procedure, and again between 6 and 12 weeks after. Results All patients reported improvement in NDO symptoms following chemodenervation. Ten patients with prior symptoms of AD reported improvement in AD symptoms after injection. Seventeen patients reported skeletal muscle spasticity in the 3-month period before chemodenervation. In the follow up period, only 14 patients reported having muscle spasticity. In aggregate, 12 of 21 patients reported improvement of non-bladder symptomatology following chemodenervation. Conclusions Chemodenervation of the bladder in patients with SCI can provide ancillary benefits in addition to mitigation of lower urinary symptoms. The mechanism may be related to dampening the bladder's ability to initiate noxious reflex responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Haynes
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Nathan C Osbun
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Claire C Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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Lin CH, Chiang HC, Wang YT, Yao YF, Chen CC, Tse WF, Wu RN, Chang WY, Kuo Y, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Efficiency enhancement of light color conversion through surface plasmon coupling. Opt Express 2018; 26:23629-23640. [PMID: 30184861 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.023629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency enhancement of light color conversion from blue quantum well (QW) emission into red quantum dot (QD) emission through surface plasmon (SP) coupling by coating CdSe/ZnS QDs on the top of an InGaN/GaN QW light-emitting diode (LED) is demonstrated. Ag nanoparticles (NPs) are fabricated within a transparent conductive Ga-doped ZnO interlayer to induce localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance for simultaneously coupling with the QWs and QDs. Such a coupling process generates three enhancement effects, including QW emission, QD absorption at the QW emission wavelength, and QD emission, leading to an overall enhancement effect of QD emission intensity. An Ag NP geometry for inducing an LSP resonance peak around the middle between the QW and QD emission wavelengths results in the optimized condition for maximizing QD emission enhancement. Internal quantum efficiency and photoluminescence (PL) decay time measurements are performed to show consistent results with LED performance characterizations, even though the QD absorption of PL excitation laser may mix with the SP-induced QD absorption enhancement effect in PL measurement.
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He Y, Hua WH, Low MC, Tsai YH, Cai CJ, Chiang HC, Yu JH, Hsiao JH, Tseng PH, Kiang YW, Yang CC, Zhang Z. Exocytosis of gold nanoparticle and photosensitizer from cancer cells and their effects on photodynamic and photothermal processes. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:235101. [PMID: 29570098 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aab933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We first illustrate the faster decrease of the photothermal (PT) effect with the delay time of laser treatment, in which the illumination of a 1064 nm laser effectively excites the localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance of cell-up-taken gold nanoring (NRI) linked with a photosensitizer (PS), when compared with the photodynamic (PD) effect produced by the illumination of a 660 nm laser for effective PS excitation. The measurement results of the metal contents of Au NRI and PS based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and the PS fluorescence intensity based on flow cytometry show that the linkage of NRI and PS is rapidly broken for releasing PS through the effect of glutathione in lysosome after cell uptake. Meanwhile, NRI escapes from a cell with a high rate such that the PT effect decays fast while the released PS can stay inside a cell longer for producing a prolonged PD effect. The effective delivery of PS through the linkage with Au NRI for cell uptake and the advantageous effect of LSP resonance at a PS absorption wavelength on the PD process are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049 People's Republic of China. Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt, Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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Yang CC, Miller JL, Omidpanah A, Krieger JN. Physical Examination for Men and Women With Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A MAPP (Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain) Network Study. Urology 2018; 116:23-29. [PMID: 29604315 PMCID: PMC6237096 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the feasibility of implementing a standardized, clinically relevant genitourinary examination for both men and women, and to identify physical examination findings characteristic of urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study analyzed 2 samples: men and women with UCPPS who participated in the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network Epidemiology and Phenotyping (EP) Study, and age-matched controls who were either positive for chronic fatigue syndrome or healthy (pain-free). We compared physical examination findings in both positive and healthy controls with UCPPS cases: findings from both the EP examinations and from an extended genitourinary examination. RESULTS EP and extended examinations were performed on 143 participants: 62 UCPPS cases (30 women, 32 men), 42 positive controls (15 women, 27 men), and 39 healthy controls (22 women, 17 men). EP examinations showed that pelvic floor tenderness was more prevalent in cases (55.0%) than in positive (14.6%) or healthy controls (10.5%). Extended examinations revealed specific areas of tenderness in the pelvic floor musculature. Cases were also more likely than healthy controls to report tenderness in multiple areas, including suprapubic, symphysis pubis, and posterior superior iliac spine, and on bimanual examination. No comparative findings were specific to biological sex, and no evidence of pudendal neuropathy was observed on extended examination of cases or controls. CONCLUSION The extended genitourinary examination is an easily administered addition to the assessment of men and women during evaluation for UCPPS. Physical findings may help to better categorize patients with UCPPS into clinically relevant subgroups for optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
| | - Jane L Miller
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Adam Omidpanah
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health (IREACH), Washington State University, Seattle, WA
| | - John N Krieger
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Yao YF, Lin CH, Chao CY, Chang WY, Su CY, Tu CG, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Coupling of a light-emitting diode with surface plasmon polariton or localized surface plasmon induced on surface silver gratings of different geometries. Opt Express 2018; 26:9205-9219. [PMID: 29715875 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.009205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A metal grating on top of a light-emitting diode (LED) with a designed grating period for compensating the momentum mismatch can enhance the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) coupling effect with the quantum wells (QWs) to improve LED performance. Here, we demonstrate the experimental results showing that the induced localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance on such a metal grating can dominate the QW coupling effect for improving LED performance, particularly when grating ridge height is large. The finding is illustrated by fabricating Ag gratings on single-QW, green-emitting LEDs of different p-type thicknesses with varied grating ridge height and width such that the distance between the grating ridge tip and the QW can be controlled. Reflection spectra of the Ag grating structures are measured and simulated to identify the SPP or LSP resonance behaviors at the QW emission wavelength. The measured results of LED performances show that in the LED samples under study, both SPP and LSP couplings can lead to significant enhancements of internal quantum efficiency and electroluminescence intensity. At the designated QW emission wavelength, with a grating period theoretically designed for momentum matching, the LSP coupling effect is stronger, when compared with SPP coupling.
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Chang WY, Kuo Y, Yao YF, Yang CC, Wu YR, Kiang YW. Different surface plasmon coupling behaviors of a surface Al nanoparticle between TE and TM polarizations in a deep-UV light-emitting diode. Opt Express 2018; 26:8340-8355. [PMID: 29715802 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.008340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The formulations and numerical algorithms of a three-level model for studying the Purcell effect produced by the scattering of an air/AlGaN interface and the surface plasmon (SP) coupling effect induced by a surface Al nanoparticle in a two-polarization emission system to simulate the transverse-electric- (TE-) and transverse-magnetic- (TM-) polarized emissions in an AlxGa1-xN/AlyGa1-yN (y > x) quantum well (QW) are built. In reasonably selected ranges of Al content for an AlGaN QW to emit deep-ultraviolet (UV) light, the enhancement (suppression) of TE- (TM-) polarized emission is mainly caused by the SP-coupling (interface-scattering) effect. Different from a two two-level model, in the three-level model the TE- and TM-polarized emissions compete for electron in the shared upper state, which is used for simulating the conduction band, such that either interface-scattering or SP-coupling effect becomes weaker. In a quite large range of emission wavelength, in which the intrinsic emission is dominated by TM polarization, with the interface-scattering and SP-coupling effects, the TE-polarized emission becomes dominant for enhancing the light extraction efficiency of a deep-UV light-emitting diode.
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50
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Muere A, Tripp DA, Nickel JC, Kelly KL, Mayer R, Pontari M, Moldwin R, Carr LK, Yang CC, Nordling J. Depression and Coping Behaviors Are Key Factors in Understanding Pain in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome. Pain Manag Nurs 2018; 19:497-505. [PMID: 29501360 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) is a urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome with suboptimal treatment outcomes. Catastrophizing is an empirically supported risk factor for greater IC/BPS pain. AIMS In this study, a moderated multiple mediation model is tested in which several additional psychosocial risk factors (depression, illness and wellness-focused behavioral coping strategies) are proposed as mediators or moderators in the existing relationship between catastrophizing and IC/BPS pain. DESIGN The present questionnaire study employed a cross-sectional design. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS Female patients with an IC/BPS diagnosis (n = 341) were recruited at tertiary care sites. METHODS Participants completed questionnaires assessing pain, catastrophizing, behavioral coping strategies, and depressive symptoms. Aggregate factor scores were calculated following exploratory factor analyses. RESULTS It was found that patients with a greater tendency to catastrophize were more likely to engage in illness-focused coping strategies, which contributed to the reporting of greater sensory and affective pain. Furthermore, this mediating effect of illness-focused coping on affective pain was more likely to occur in those patients reporting greater depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Illness-focused behavioral coping is an important mechanism between maladaptive pain cognition and aspects of patient pain, with patients reporting greater depressive symptoms at increased risk for elevated pain. Patient management techniques, including screening for catastrophizing, coping, and depression, are recommended to enrich IC/BPS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abi Muere
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Dean A Tripp
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Curtis Nickel
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerri-Lynn Kelly
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michel Pontari
- Department of Urology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert Moldwin
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York
| | - Lesley K Carr
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire C Yang
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jorgen Nordling
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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