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Lumish M, Chui MH, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, Sarasohn D, Cohen S, Friedman C, Grisham R, Konner J, Kyi C, Rubinstein M, Troso-Sandoval T, Aghajanian C, Makker V. A phase 2 trial of zanidatamab in HER2-overexpressed advanced endometrial carcinoma and carcinosarcoma (ZW25-IST-2). Gynecol Oncol 2024; 182:75-81. [PMID: 38262242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HER2 overexpression is associated with decreased overall survival in metastatic endometrial cancer. Trastuzumab with chemotherapy has demonstrated efficacy for first-line management of advanced HER2+ endometrial carcinoma, but HER2-directed therapy in the recurrent setting is limited. Zanidatamab (ZW25), a humanized, bispecific antibody that simultaneously binds the 2 distinct HER2 epitopes bound by trastuzumab and pertuzumab, has demonstrated safety and activity in HER2+ tumors. Here, we report the results of a phase 2, open-label study evaluating the efficacy and safety of zanidatamab in patients with HER2+ metastatic endometrial carcinoma/carcinosarcoma who received prior treatment. METHODS We enrolled 16 patients with HER2+ endometrial carcinoma/carcinosarcoma after progression on ≤2 lines of therapy on a single-arm phase 2 study of zanidatamab. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR; complete or partial response) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. HER2 immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed on pretreatment samples. Intratumor HER2 genetic heterogeneity was assessed. RESULTS This study did not meet its primary efficacy endpoint. Although a clinical benefit rate of 37.5% was observed by 24 weeks, only 1 patient achieved a partial response (ORR, 6.2%). Eight patients had HER2 intratumor heterogeneity or lacked HER2 amplification by FISH. Decreased HER2 expression on repeat pretreatment samples was observed in 3 (75%) of 4 patients evaluated. CONCLUSIONS We observed a low response rate to zanidatamab in recurrent HER2+ endometrial carcinoma/carcinosarcoma, which may be driven by downregulation of HER2 expression. Repeat HER2 testing should be considered prior to second-line HER2-directed therapy. CLINICALTRIALS govidentifier: NCT04513665.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lumish
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - M Herman Chui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Debra Sarasohn
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Seth Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Claire Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Rachel Grisham
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jason Konner
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Chrisann Kyi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Maria Rubinstein
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Troso-Sandoval
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Vicky Makker
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America.
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Rubinstein MM, Doria ER, Konner J, Lichtman S, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, Sarasohn D, Troso-Sandoval T, Friedman C, O'Cearbhaill R, Cadoo K, Kyi C, Cohen S, Soldan K, Billinson E, Caird I, Jang D, Eid K, Shah P, Guillen J, Aghajanian C, Zamarin D, Makker V. Durvalumab with or without tremelimumab in patients with persistent or recurrent endometrial cancer or endometrial carcinosarcoma: A randomized open-label phase 2 study. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 169:64-69. [PMID: 36512912 PMCID: PMC9925401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our understanding of the biologic heterogeneity of endometrial cancer has improved, but which patients benefit from single-agent versus combination immune checkpoint blockade remains unclear. METHODS We conducted a single-center, randomized, open-label, phase 2 study of durvalumab 1500 mg (Arm 1) versus durvalumab 1500 mg plus tremelimumab 75 mg every 4 weeks (Arm 2) in patients with endometrial carcinoma. The primary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) at 24 weeks. Patients were stratified by mismatch repair (MMR) status and carcinosarcoma histology. Using a Simon two-stage minimax design, we determined 40 patients per arm would provide 90% power and Type 1 error of 10%. RESULTS Eighty-two patients were enrolled; 77 were evaluable for toxicity (Arm 1: 38, Arm 2: 39) and 75 evaluable for efficacy (Arm 1: 37, Arm 2: 38). Patient were stratified by MMR status (Arm 1: 5, Arm 2: 4 were MMR-deficient). The ORR in Arm 1 was 10.8% (one-sided 90% CI: 4.8-100%); the ORR in Arm 2 was 5.3% (one-sided 90% CI: 1.4-100%). Since the primary endpoint of ORR was not met, 24-week PFS was not compared to historical controls per protocol specification. No new safety signals were identified. CONCLUSIONS In these patients with predominantly MMR-proficient endometrial cancer, there was limited response with single-agent and combined immune checkpoint blockade. The pre-specified efficacy thresholds were not met for further evaluation. A deeper understanding of potential mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy in MMR-proficient endometrial cancer is needed for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Rubinstein
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author at: Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66 St, Room 1311, New York, NY 10065, USA. (M.M. Rubinstein)
| | - Eric Rios Doria
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Konner
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stuart Lichtman
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Debra Sarasohn
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tiffany Troso-Sandoval
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire Friedman
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roisin O'Cearbhaill
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Cadoo
- St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chrisann Kyi
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seth Cohen
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krysten Soldan
- Department of Nursing, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Billinson
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Imogen Caird
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dasom Jang
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khalil Eid
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pooja Shah
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joyce Guillen
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vicky Makker
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Gordhandas S, Schlappe BA, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, Leitao MM, Park KJ, de Brot L, Alektiar KM, Sabbatini PJ, Aghajanian CA, Friedman C, Zivanovic O, O'Cearbhaill RE. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: Analysis of prognostic factors and patterns of metastasis. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2022; 43:101058. [PMID: 35967833 PMCID: PMC9365998 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2022.101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-tier system (limited- or extensive-stage) has been used for small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix. Concordance probability estimates found that the 2018 FIGO staging system predicted outcome better than the two-tier system. 38% of patients had metastases at initial diagnosis, and an additional 38% at subsequent recurrence. 38 patients (60%) had brain imaging: 1 (3%) had brain metastasis at diagnosis and 8 (21%) at subsequent recurrence. Providers should have a low threshold for brain imaging in patients with advanced disease or neurologic symptoms.
Objectives To describe characteristics and outcomes of patients with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (SCNCC) and determine the staging system most predictive of outcome—the two-tier (limited-stage [LS] vs. extensive-stage [ES]) or International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system. Methods Patients with SCNCC evaluated at our institution from 1/1/1990–6/30/2021 were included. Medical records were reviewed for variables of interest. Appropriate statistical tests were performed to determine associations. Survival curves were created using the Kaplan-Meier method. Concordance probability estimates (CPEs) were calculated to evaluate the prediction probability of the staging systems. Results Of 63 patients, 41 had LS and 22 ES SCNCC. Patients with ES disease were significantly older than those with LS disease (median, 54 and 37 years, respectively; p < 0.001). Smoking status, race, and history of HPV were not associated with stage or outcomes. Forty-eight patients had metastatic disease (24 [50%] at initial diagnosis). The most common first sites of metastasis were lung (n = 20/48, 42%), lymph nodes (n = 19/48, 40%), and liver (n = 13/48, 27%). Nine patients had brain metastasis (8 symptomatic at recurrence; 1 asymptomatic at initial diagnosis). Both staging systems were associated with progression-free and overall survival. Adjusted CPE found the FIGO staging system was more predictive of outcomes than the two-tier staging system. Conclusions Providers should have a low threshold to obtain brain imaging for patients with SCNCC, especially in the presence of visceral metastases. FIGO staging should be used to classify SCNCC. Further research is necessary to understand prognostic factors of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Gordhandas
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brooke A. Schlappe
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Currently at: Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mario M. Leitao
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kay J. Park
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louise de Brot
- A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Anatomic Pathology Department, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kaled M. Alektiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul J. Sabbatini
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol A. Aghajanian
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire Friedman
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Zivanovic
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roisin E O'Cearbhaill
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Corresponding author: Gynecology Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275, York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Friedman C, Swanton C, Spigel D, Bose R, Burris H, Yu W, Wang Y, Malato J, Price R, Darbonne W, Szado T, Schulze K, Sweeney C, Hainsworth J, Meric-Bernstam F, Kurzrock R. 66O MyPathway: A multiple target, multiple basket study of targeted treatments in tissue-agnostic cohorts of patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Rios-Doria E, Abu-Rustum N, Alektiar K, Makker V, Liu Y, Zamarin D, Friedman C, Aghajanian C, Ellenson L, Weigelt B, Mueller J, Leitao M. Prognosis of isolated tumor cells and the utility of molecular classification in early stage endometrioid endometrial cancer (243). Gynecol Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0090-8258(22)01466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rios-Doria E, Abu-Rustum N, Leitao M, Alektiar K, Makker V, Liu Y, Zamarin D, Friedman C, Aghajanian C, Ellenson L, Weigelt B, Mueller J. Molecular classification of endometrial carcinomas: a singleinstitution review (084). Gynecol Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0090-8258(22)01309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Muroyama Y, Manne S, Greenplate A, Mathew D, Oldridge D, Chilukuri L, Xu C, Herati R, Huang A, Zamarin D, Friedman C, John Wherry E. 310 T cell intrinsic DNA damage and repair response as a novel marker associated with clinical response to PD-1 blockade. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDespite the success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), many patients still fail to achieve durable clinical benefit. Previous studies have shown that CD8 T cells are reinvigorated by ICB. However, not all patients with this immunological response experience an effective clinical response, suggesting additional parameters may be relevant.DNA damage and repair (DDR) has been extensively studied in the context of inducing cell death of highly-proliferating tumor cells. However, whether T cell-intrinsic DDR impacts T cell differentiation and function, and how the coordination of DDR affects immunological and clinical response to proliferation-inducing ICBs have been largely unexplored. We hypothesized that the T celI-intrinsic DDR responses to proliferative and genotoxic stress might contribute to the disparity between immunological and clinical response.MethodsTo understand the impact of cell-intrinsic DDR on T cell differentiation and responses to cancer therapies, we developed a novel high-dimensional cytometry platform. This DDR-Immune platform enables simultaneous analysis of T cell differentiation state and multiple DDR pathways at single cell resolution. We then investigated immune reinvigoration and its association with DDR, in a cohort of chemotherapy-resistant hypermutated or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) uterine cancer patients treated with nivolumab. Peripheral blood samples were examined every 2–4 weeks after initiating anti-PD-1 treatment (N = 21).ResultsThe DDR-Immune platform revealed consistent T cell subset specific patterns of DDR, as well as specific DDR pathways induced by different types of DNA damage, such as γ-irradiation (IR), UV irradiation (UV) or proliferative stress (i.e. anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation). For example, terminally differentiated effector cells had higher DNA damage accumulation and cell death. In contrast, stem cell memory (TSCM) and regulatory T cells (Treg) displayed high DDR with less cell death, suggesting better cell-intrinsic DDR against genotoxic stress for survival advantage. In hypermutated MSI-H uterine cancer patients, CD8 T cells underwent rapid pharmacodynamic proliferation 2–4 weeks after starting PD-1 blockade, which did not correlate with clinical response. Application of the DDR-Immune platform to this cohort revealed, however, that in clinical responders but not clinical non-responders, Ki67+ CD8 T cells responding to PD-1 blockade had rapid induction of DDR represented as a spike increase of phosphorylated-ATM, presumably adapting T cell ‘fitness’ in response to proliferative stress induced by PD-1 blockade.ConclusionsCollectively, the new platform reveals previously unrecognized roles for T cell-intrinsic DDR as a novel determinant of immune responsiveness and clinical outcome to ICB and have potential application to other cancer therapies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Ethics ApprovalThe study was approved by MSKCC Ethics Board, approval number 17–180 (NCT03241745).
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Liu YL, Selenica P, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, Callahan M, Feit NZ, Boland J, Vazquez-Garcia I, Mandelker D, Zehir A, Burger RA, Powell DJ, Friedman C, Cadoo K, Grisham R, Konner JA, O'Cearbhaill RE, Aghajanian C, Reis-Filho JS, Weigelt B, Zamarin D. BRCA Mutations, Homologous DNA Repair Deficiency, Tumor Mutational Burden, and Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:2000069. [PMID: 32923884 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Homologous DNA repair-deficient (HRD) ovarian cancers (OCs), including those with BRCA1/2 mutations, have higher levels of genetic instability, potentially resulting in higher immunogenicity, and have been suggested to respond better to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) than homologous DNA repair-proficient OCs. However, clinical evidence is lacking. The study aimed to evaluate the associations between BRCA1/2 mutations, HRD, and other genomic parameters and response to ICIs and survival in OC. METHODS This is a single-institution retrospective analysis of women with recurrent OC treated with ICIs. BRCA1/2 mutation status and clinicopathologic variables were abstracted from the medical records. Targeted and whole-exome sequencing data available for a subset of patients were used to assess tumor mutational burden (TMB), HRD, and fraction of genome altered (FGA). ICI response was defined as lack of disease progression for ≥ 24 weeks. Associations of BRCA1/2 status and genomic alterations with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Of the 143 women treated with ICIs, 134 had known BRCA1/2 mutation status. Deleterious germline or somatic BRCA1/2 mutations were present in 31 women (24%). There was no association between presence of BRCA1/2 mutations and response (P = .796) or survival. Genomic analysis in 73 women found no association between TMB (P = .344) or HRD (P = .222) and response, PFS, or OS. There were also no significant differences in somatic genetic alterations between responders and nonresponders. High FGA was associated with an improvement in PFS (P = .014) and OS (P = .01). CONCLUSION TMB, BRCA1/2 mutations, and HRD are not associated with response or survival, cautioning against their use as selection criteria for ICI in recurrent OC. FGA should be investigated further as a biomarker of response to immunotherapy in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying L Liu
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Pier Selenica
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Margaret Callahan
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Noah Z Feit
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Julia Boland
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Diana Mandelker
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ahmet Zehir
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert A Burger
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel J Powell
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Claire Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Karen Cadoo
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Rachel Grisham
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Jason A Konner
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Roisin E O'Cearbhaill
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Boland JL, Zhou Q, Iasonos AE, O'Cearbhaill RE, Konner J, Callahan M, Friedman C, Aghajanian C, Sabbatini P, Zamarin D, Cadoo KA. Utility of serum CA-125 monitoring in patients with ovarian cancer undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 158:303-308. [PMID: 32507515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.04.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the utility of serum cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) levels to monitor patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. METHOD This was a single-center retrospective review of all patients with EOC who were treated with ICI therapy from January 2013 to May 2017. This study compared the percentage change in baseline CA-125 in patients who had clinical benefit, defined as complete response, partial response, or stable disease by RECIST 1.1, with duration ≥24 weeks, versus those who did not. The groups were compared by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS Fifty-nine (66%) of 89 patients who underwent ICI therapy had CA-125 data at baseline and during treatment. Of those who derived clinical benefit, 11/15 (73%) experienced an increase in CA-125 from baseline to end of treatment. Of those who did not derive clinical benefit, 36/44 (82%) experienced a CA-125 increase (p = 0.48). The average % increase from baseline to within 12 weeks of treatment initiation for patients with and without clinical benefit was 34% and 195%, respectively (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION Our analysis demonstrates a statistically significant difference in the magnitude of increase in CA-125 levels within the first 12 weeks of treatment between patients who achieved clinical benefit and those who did not. However, both groups of patients were equally likely to experience an increase in CA-125 within 12 weeks. These findings suggest that physicians should apply caution when using early CA-125 data to guide treatment decisions for patients with EOC undergoing ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Boland
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexia E Iasonos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roisin E O'Cearbhaill
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Konner
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret Callahan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Sabbatini
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen A Cadoo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Liu YL, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, Emengo VN, Friedman C, Konner JA, O'Cearbhaill RE, Aghajanian C, Zamarin D. Subsequent therapies and survival after immunotherapy in recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 155:51-57. [PMID: 31421916 PMCID: PMC6788969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have modest activity in ovarian cancer (OC), yet little is known about their effects on subsequent treatment. Preclinical studies suggest immunotherapy may enhance response to chemotherapy. We sought to evaluate the impact of ICIs on subsequent therapies and survival in recurrent OC. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted to identify women with recurrent OC who received ICI from 01/2013 to 5/2017 and ≥1 subsequent treatment. Treatment duration after ICI was calculated using time-to-event analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate overall survival (OS) from first treatment after ICI and to assess survival differences by clinical benefit from ICI, defined by long (≥24 weeks) versus short (<24 weeks) ICI treatment duration. RESULTS Of 79 evaluable women identified, 66 (84%) had platinum-resistant OC. Median age at diagnosis was 57 years. Median time from diagnosis to ICI was 39.7 months, with median of 4 prior treatments (range, 1-12). Median number of treatments after ICI was 2 (range, 1-8). Median duration of first-line treatment after ICI was 3.7 months (95% CI, 2.9-6.0) and declined with each subsequent line. The most common therapies after ICI were taxanes, platinum-based regimens, and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. Bevacizumab was used in 47 women (59%). Median OS after ICI was 18.3 months (95% CI, 11.8-22.7) and did not differ between long versus short ICI. CONCLUSIONS In this heavily pretreated population of patients with recurrent OC, therapies after ICI resulted in promising survival, suggesting that ICI may improve efficacy of subsequent chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying L Liu
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Vivian N Emengo
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Claire Friedman
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jason A Konner
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Roisin E O'Cearbhaill
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America.
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11
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Soumerai TE, Donoghue MTA, Bandlamudi C, Srinivasan P, Chang MT, Zamarin D, Cadoo KA, Grisham RN, O'Cearbhaill RE, Tew WP, Konner JA, Hensley ML, Makker V, Sabbatini P, Spriggs DR, Troso-Sandoval TA, Charen AS, Friedman C, Gorsky M, Schweber SJ, Middha S, Murali R, Chiang S, Park KJ, Soslow RA, Ladanyi M, Li BT, Mueller J, Weigelt B, Zehir A, Berger MF, Abu-Rustum NR, Aghajanian C, DeLair DF, Solit DB, Taylor BS, Hyman DM. Clinical Utility of Prospective Molecular Characterization in Advanced Endometrial Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5939-5947. [PMID: 30068706 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Advanced-stage endometrial cancers have limited treatment options and poor prognosis, highlighting the need to understand genetic drivers of therapeutic vulnerabilities and/or prognostic predictors. We examined whether prospective molecular characterization of recurrent and metastatic disease can reveal grade and histology-specific differences, facilitating enrollment onto clinical trials. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We integrated prospective clinical sequencing and IHC data with detailed clinical and treatment histories for 197 tumors, profiled by MSK-IMPACT from 189 patients treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. RESULTS Patients had advanced disease and high-grade histologies, with poor progression-free survival on first-line therapy (PFS1). When matched for histology and grade, the genomic landscape was similar to that of primary untreated disease profiled by TCGA. Using multiple complementary genomic and mutational signature-based methods, we identified patients with microsatellite instability (MSI), even when standard MMR protein IHC staining failed. Tumor and matched normal DNA sequencing identified rare pathogenic germline mutations in BRCA2 and MLH1. Clustering the pattern of DNA copy-number alterations revealed a novel subset characterized by heterozygous losses across the genome and significantly worse outcomes compared with other clusters (median PFS1 9.6 months vs. 17.0 and 17.4 months; P = 0.006). Of the 68% of patients harboring potentially actionable mutations, 27% were enrolled to matched clinical trials, of which 47% of these achieved clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS Prospective clinical sequencing of advanced endometrial cancer can help refine prognosis and aid treatment decision making by simultaneously detecting microsatellite status, germline predisposition syndromes, and potentially actionable mutations. A small overall proportion of all patients tested received investigational, genomically matched therapy as part of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Soumerai
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark T A Donoghue
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chaitanya Bandlamudi
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Preethi Srinivasan
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Matthew T Chang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Karen A Cadoo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Rachel N Grisham
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Roisin E O'Cearbhaill
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - William P Tew
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Jason A Konner
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Martee L Hensley
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Vicky Makker
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Paul Sabbatini
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - David R Spriggs
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Tiffany A Troso-Sandoval
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | | | - Claire Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Mila Gorsky
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Sarah J Schweber
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Sumit Middha
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rajmohan Murali
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sarah Chiang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kay J Park
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert A Soslow
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bob T Li
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Mueller
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ahmet Zehir
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael F Berger
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nadeem R Abu-Rustum
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Deborah F DeLair
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David B Solit
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Barry S Taylor
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David M Hyman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
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Hyman D, Bonafede M, O'Cearbhaill R, Grisham R, Zamarin D, Tew W, Aghajanian C, Cadoo K, Friedman C, Savage RE, Chai F, Schwartz B, Makker V. Abstract CT035: A phase Ib study of miransertib (ARQ 092) in combination with anastrozole in patients with PIK3CA or AKT1-mutant ER+ endometrial or ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-ct035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Activating PI3K pathway mutations are common in endometrial and a subset of non-serous ovarian cancers and are frequently found in tumors that co-express the estrogen receptor (ER). We evaluated the safety and preliminary efficacy of miransertib, a potent pan-AKT inhibitor, in combination with the aromatase inhibitor (AI) anastrozole in pts with PIK3CA and AKT1-mutant ER+ endometrial and ovarian cancer.
Methods: Eligible patients included endometrial and ovarian cancer patients (pts) with ER+ by immunohistochemistry and a PIK3CA or AKT1 mutation documented by local sequencing assays. There was no limit to prior lines of therapy including prior AIs. Miransertib dose was escalated according to a 3+3 design. TEAEs were assessed per CTCAE v. 4.03. Tumor responses were evaluated per RECIST 1.1.
Results: A total of 11 pts (8 endometrial, 3 ovarian) were enrolled (median age 60 years). Pts were treated at one of 2 miransertib doses: 200 mg QD, 5 days on/9 days off (n=6) or 150 mg QD, 5 days on/9 days off (n=5). All pts received anastrozole 1 mg QD administered continuously. 2 DLTs observed (both at the miransertib 200mg): grade 3 ALT increase and grade 3 rash. Across all cycles, a total of 4 pts experienced a Grade 3 miransertib-related AE including rash (n=2), ALT increase (n=1), and hyperglycemia (n=1). There were no grade 4/5 miransertib-related AEs. Miransertib 150mg was selected as the recommended dose. 4 pts achieved a response (1 confirmed CR, 3 unconfirmed PRs - 1 pending confirmation, see Table). All responses (confirmed and unconfirmed) were in endometrial cancer (4/8 pts). In responding pts, mutations involved PIK3CA (n=3) and AKT1 (n=1). 50% (2/4) responding pts had received ≥1 prior line of endocrine therapy. Responses were ongoing in 2 of 4 patients, with the longest continuing at 60 weeks.
Conclusions: The combination of miransertib and anastrozole demonstrated a manageable safety profile and preliminary efficacy. Responses were observed in endometrial pts with PIK3CA or AKT1 mutation and those who had received prior endocrine therapy. Enrollment at the recommended combination dose is ongoing and updated response data will be presented.
*pt had PD at 24 weeks but continues for ongoing benefit at 56 weeks.Pt IDPrimary SiteHistologyGradeMutationLines of prior therapyBest RECIST response (confirmed)Duration on treatment (weeks)1EndometrialMixed endometriod/serous1PIK3CA H1047R3CR60+2EndometrialEndometriod2PIK3CA H1047R4uPR24*3EndometrialEndometriod1PIK3CA H1047R4SD124EndometrialSerous3PIK3CA R115L1PD85EndometrialEndometriod1PIK3CA E545K and H1047L2NE46OvarySerous3PIK3CA H1047R5PD77OvaryEndometriod1PIK3CA T1025S2PD88EndometrialSerous3PIK3CA N345K2uPR169OvarySerous3PIK3CA E542K5PD510EndometrialSerous3AKT1 E17K1uPR**12+11EndometrialSerous3PIK3CA C901F3PD9*pt had PD at 24 weeks but continues for ongoing benefit at 56 weeks**pending confirmation
Citation Format: David Hyman, Michael Bonafede, Roisin O'Cearbhaill, Rachel Grisham, Dmitriy Zamarin, William Tew, Carol Aghajanian, Karen Cadoo, Claire Friedman, Ron E. Savage, Feng Chai, Brian Schwartz, Vicky Makker. A phase Ib study of miransertib (ARQ 092) in combination with anastrozole in patients with PIK3CA or AKT1-mutant ER+ endometrial or ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT035.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hyman
- 1Mem. Sloan Kettering Cancer Ctr., New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - William Tew
- 1Mem. Sloan Kettering Cancer Ctr., New York, NY
| | | | - Karen Cadoo
- 1Mem. Sloan Kettering Cancer Ctr., New York, NY
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13
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Faulks D, Dougall A, Ting G, Ari T, Nunn J, Friedman C, John J, Daly B, Roger-Leroi V, Newton JT. Development of a battery of tests to measure attitudes and intended behaviours of dental students towards people with disability or those in marginalised groups. Eur J Dent Educ 2018; 22:e278-e290. [PMID: 28940883 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recommended curricula in Special Care Dentistry (SCD) outline learning objectives that include the domain of attitudes and behaviours, but these are notoriously difficult to measure. The aims of this study were (i) to develop a test battery comprising adapted and new scales to evaluate values, attitudes and intentions of dental students towards people with disability and people in marginalised groups and (ii) to determine reliability (interitem consistency) and validity of the scales within the test battery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search identified pre-existing measures and models for the assessment of attitudes in healthcare students. Adaptation of three pre-existing scales was undertaken, and a new scale was developed based upon the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) using an elicitation survey. These scales underwent a process of content validation. The three adapted scales and the TPB scale were piloted by 130 students at 5 different professional stages, from 4 different countries. RESULTS The scales were adjusted to ensure good internal reliability, variance, distribution, and face and content validity. In addition, the different scales showed good divergent validity. DISCUSSION These results are positive, and the scales now need to be validated in the field. CONCLUSIONS It is hoped that these tools will be useful to educators in SCD to evaluate the impact of teaching and clinical exposure on their students.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Faulks
- Université Clermont Auvergne, EA4847 CROC, and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Odontologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Dougall
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Ting
- Dental Institute, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T Ari
- Division of Paediatric dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - J Nunn
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Friedman
- Paediatric Oral Health & Dentistry, London, ON, Canada
| | - J John
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B Daly
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - V Roger-Leroi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, EA4847 CROC, and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Odontologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J T Newton
- Department of population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
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14
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Gaynes R, Friedman C, Maclaren C, Foley K, Swartz R. Hemodialysis-Associated Febrile Episodes: Surveillance before and after Major Alteration in the Water Treatment System. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889001300807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance for bacteremic or pyrogenic episodes associated with hemodialysis was undertaken before and after the reconstruction of the water treatment system at our University medical center. The new water system included a holding tank with iodination treatment. The water delivered to individual dialysis stations had only occasional positive bacterial cultures (3 of 21 samples before completion of construction, 2 of 16 samples afterwards) and intermittent detection of endotoxin (6 of 21 samples before completion of construction, 9 of 16 samples afterwards) at monthly sampling. Among 51 individual dialysis treatments (25 patients) before reconstruction and 56 treatments (29 patients), after, only 2 and 3 febrile events were identified, respectively. All of these were associated with underlying infectious illness and not with the hemodialysis procedure itself. Overall, we conclude that pyrogenic episodes associated directly with hemodialysis treatment are infrequent, and that the addition of a water storage tank with iodination treatment does not appear to increase the risk of bacteremia or pyrogenic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gaynes
- Division of Infectious Disease and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Michigan - U.S.A
- Department of Infection Control Services Michigan - U.S.A
- University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan - U.S.A
| | - C. Friedman
- Division of Infectious Disease and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Michigan - U.S.A
- Department of Infection Control Services Michigan - U.S.A
- University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan - U.S.A
| | - C. Maclaren
- Division of Infectious Disease and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Michigan - U.S.A
- Department of Infection Control Services Michigan - U.S.A
- University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan - U.S.A
| | - K. Foley
- Division of Infectious Disease and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Michigan - U.S.A
- Department of Infection Control Services Michigan - U.S.A
- University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan - U.S.A
| | - R. Swartz
- Division of Infectious Disease and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Michigan - U.S.A
- Department of Infection Control Services Michigan - U.S.A
- University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan - U.S.A
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Abstract
AbstractEvaluating natural language processing (NLP) systems in the clinical domain is a difficult task which is important for advancement of the field. A number of NLP systems have been reported that extract information from free-text clinical reports, but not many of the systems have been evaluated. Those that were evaluated noted good performance measures but the results were often weakened by ineffective evaluation methods. In this paper we describe a set of criteria aimed at improving the quality of NLP evaluation studies. We present an overview of NLP evaluations in the clinical domain and also discuss the Message Understanding Conferences (MUC) [1-41. Although these conferences constitute a series of NLP evaluation studies performed outside of the clinical domain, some of the results are relevant within medicine. In addition, we discuss a number of factors which contribute to the complexity that is inherent in the task of evaluating natural language systems.
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Kuperman G, Friedman C, Hripcsak G. Extracting Findings from Narrative Reports: Software Transferability and Sources of Physician Disagreement. Methods Inf Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1634499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:While natural language processing systems are beginning to see clinical use, it remains unclear whether they can be disseminated effectively through the health care community. MedLEE, a general-purpose natural language processor developed for Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, was compared to physicians' ability to detect seven clinical conditions in 200 Brigham and Women's Hospital chest radiograph reports. Using the system on the new institution's reports resulted in a small but measurable drop in performance (it was distinguishable from physicians at p = 0.011). By making adjustments to the interpretation of the processor's coded output (without changing the processor itself), local behavior was better accommodated, and performance improved so that it was indistinguishable from the physicians. Pairs of physicians disagreed on at least one condition for 22% of reports; the source of disagreement appeared to be interpretation of findings, gauging likelihood and degree of disease, and coding errors.
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Page DB, Bourla AB, Daniyan A, Naidoo J, Smith E, Smith M, Friedman C, Khalil DN, Funt S, Shoushtari AN, Overwijk WW, Sharma P, Callahan MK. Tumor immunology and cancer immunotherapy: summary of the 2014 SITC primer. J Immunother Cancer 2015. [PMCID: PMC4469248 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-015-0072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
To determine the two-dimensional kinematics of the California sea lion foreflipper during thrust generation, a digital, high-definition video is obtained using a non-research female sea lion at the Smithsonian National Zoological Park in Washington, DC. The observational videos are used to extract maneuvers of interest--forward acceleration from rest using the foreflippers and banked turns. Single camera videos are analyzed to digitize the flipper during the motions using 10 points spanning root to tip in each frame. Digitized shapes were then fitted with an empirical function that quantitatively allows for both comparison between different claps, and for extracting kinematic data. The resulting function shows a high degree of curvature (with a camber of up to 32%). Analysis of sea lion acceleration from rest shows thrust production in the range of 150-680 N and maximum flipper angular velocity (for rotation about the shoulder joint) as high as 20 rad s⁻¹. Analysis of turning maneuvers indicate extreme agility and precision of movement driven by the foreflipper surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Friedman
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, The George Washington University, 801 22nd St, NW Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Vilar S, Ryan PB, Madigan D, Stang PE, Schuemie MJ, Friedman C, Tatonetti NP, Hripcsak G. Similarity-based modeling applied to signal detection in pharmacovigilance. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2014; 3:e137. [PMID: 25250527 PMCID: PMC4211266 DOI: 10.1038/psp.2014.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One of the main objectives in pharmacovigilance is the detection of adverse drug events (ADEs) through mining of healthcare databases, such as electronic health records or administrative claims data. Although different approaches have been shown to be of great value, research is still focusing on the enhancement of signal detection to gain efficiency in further assessment and follow-up. We applied similarity-based modeling techniques, using 2D and 3D molecular structure, ADE, target, and ATC (anatomical therapeutic chemical) similarity measures, to the candidate associations selected previously in a medication-wide association study for four ADE outcomes. Our results showed an improvement in the precision when we ranked the subset of ADE candidates using similarity scorings. This method is simple, useful to strengthen or prioritize signals generated from healthcare databases, and facilitates ADE detection through the identification of the most similar drugs for which ADE information is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vilar
- 1] Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA [2] Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, New York, USA
| | - P B Ryan
- 1] Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, New York, USA [2] Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - D Madigan
- 1] Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, New York, USA [2] Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - P E Stang
- 1] Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, New York, USA [2] Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - M J Schuemie
- 1] Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, New York, USA [2] Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - C Friedman
- 1] Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA [2] Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, New York, USA
| | - N P Tatonetti
- 1] Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA [2] Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, New York, USA [3] Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA [4] Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - G Hripcsak
- 1] Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA [2] Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, New York, USA
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Nakayama J, Park J, Friedman C, Smolkin M, Duska L. The risk factors for readmission in postoperative gynecologic oncology patients at a single institution. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Clark AS, Chen J, Kapoor S, Friedman C, Mies C, Esserman L, DeMichele A. Pretreatment vitamin D level and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with breast cancer on the I-SPY trial (CALGB 150007/150015/ACRIN6657). Cancer Med 2014; 3:693-701. [PMID: 24719175 PMCID: PMC4101761 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory studies suggest that vitamin D (vitD) enhances chemotherapy-induced cell death. The objective of this study was to determine whether pretreatment vitD levels were associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in women with breast cancer. Study patients (n = 82) were enrolled on the I-SPY TRIAL, had HER2-negative tumors, and available pretreatment serum. VitD levels were measured via DiaSorin radioimmunoassay. The primary outcome was pathologic residual cancer burden (RCB; dichotomized 0/1 vs. 2/3). Secondary outcomes included biomarkers of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis (Ki67, grade, Bcl2, respectively) and 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS). Mean and median vitD values were 22.7 ng/mL (SD 11.9) and 23.1 ng/mL, respectively; 72% of patients had levels deemed “insufficient” (<30 ng/mL) by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). VitD level was not associated with attaining RCB 0/1 after NACT (univariate odds ratio [OR], 1.01; 95% CI, 0.96–1.05) even after adjustment for hormone receptor status (HR), grade, Ki67, or body mass index (BMI). Lower vitD levels were associated with higher tumor Ki67 adjusting for race (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90–0.99). VitD level was not associated with 3-year RFS, either alone (hazard ratio [HzR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95–1.02) or after adjustment for HR, grade, Ki-67, BMI, or response. VitD insufficiency was common at the time of breast cancer diagnosis among women who were candidates for NACT and was associated with a more proliferative phenotype. However, vitD levels had no impact on tumor response to NACT or short-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Clark
- Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Haerian K, Salmasian H, Friedman C. Methods for identifying suicide or suicidal ideation in EHRs. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2012; 2012:1244-1253. [PMID: 23304402 PMCID: PMC3540459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electronic health records contain important data elements for detection of novel adverse drug reactions, genotype/phenotype identification and psychosocial factor analysis, and the role of each of these as risk factors for suicidality warrants further investigation. Suicide and suicidal ideation are documented in clinical narratives. The specific purpose of this study was to define an algorithm for automated detection of this serious event. We found that ICD-9 E-Codes had the lowest positive predictive value: 0.55 (90% CI: 0.42-0.67), while combining ICD-9 and NLP had the best PPV: 0.97 (90% CI: 0.92-0.99). A qualitative analysis and classification of the types of errors by ICD-9 and NLP automated coding compared to manual review are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Haerian
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Haerian K, Varn D, Vaidya S, Ena L, Chase HS, Friedman C. Detection of pharmacovigilance-related adverse events using electronic health records and automated methods. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012; 92:228-34. [PMID: 22713699 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2012.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electronic health records (EHRs) are an important source of data for detection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). However, adverse events are frequently due not to medications but to the patients' underlying conditions. Mining to detect ADRs from EHR data must account for confounders. We developed an automated method using natural-language processing (NLP) and a knowledge source to differentiate cases in which the patient's disease is responsible for the event rather than a drug. Our method was applied to 199,920 hospitalization records, concentrating on two serious ADRs: rhabdomyolysis (n = 687) and agranulocytosis (n = 772). Our method automatically identified 75% of the cases, those with disease etiology. The sensitivity and specificity were 93.8% (confidence interval: 88.9-96.7%) and 91.8% (confidence interval: 84.0-96.2%), respectively. The method resulted in considerable saving of time: for every 1 h spent in development, there was a saving of at least 20 h in manual review. The review of the remaining 25% of the cases therefore became more feasible, allowing us to identify the medications that had caused the ADRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Haerian
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
An important goal of the health system is to identify new adverse drug events (ADEs) in the postapproval period. Datamining methods that can transform data into meaningful knowledge to inform patient safety have proven essential for this purpose. New opportunities have emerged to harness data sources that have not been used within the traditional framework. This article provides an overview of recent methodological innovations and data sources used to support ADE discovery and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Harpaz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
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Harpaz R, Perez H, Chase HS, Rabadan R, Hripcsak G, Friedman C. Biclustering of adverse drug events in the FDA's spontaneous reporting system. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 89:243-50. [PMID: 21191383 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2010.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we present a new pharmacovigilance data mining technique based on the biclustering paradigm, which is designed to identify drug groups that share a common set of adverse events (AEs) in the spontaneous reporting system (SRS) of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A taxonomy of biclusters is developed, revealing that a significant number of bona fide adverse drug event (ADE) biclusters have been identified. Statistical tests indicate that it is extremely unlikely that the bicluster structures thus discovered, as well as their content, could have arisen by mere chance. Some of the biclusters classified as indeterminate provide support for previously unrecognized and potentially novel ADEs. In addition, we demonstrate the potential importance of the proposed methodology in several important aspects of pharmacovigilance such as providing insight into the etiology of ADEs, facilitating the identification of novel ADEs, suggesting methods and a rationale for aggregating terminologies, highlighting areas of focus, and providing an exploratory tool for data mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Harpaz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
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26
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Passov V, Friedman C, Passov L, Alt J. S40-01 - Psychiatry during pregnancy. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)70070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sroga J, Kalan A, Hade E, Kennard E, Friedman C. Site of semen collection and its effect on pregnancy rates in patients undergoing ovulation induction with gonadotropins. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ahmed F, Perz J, Bell B, Kwong S, Friedman C, Andrews V. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in the United States, 1998–2002. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s141-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Crawford C, Ahmed F, Friedman C, Jernigan DB, Archibald LK. Reply to Gocke. Clin Infect Dis 2006. [DOI: 10.1086/499540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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31
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Orringer JS, Helfrich YR, Hamilton T, Friedman C, Johnson TM, Sachs DL. Prevalence of psychotropic medication use among cosmetic and medical dermatology patients: a comparative study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54:416-9. [PMID: 16488291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.11.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Revised: 11/10/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the psychologic status of cosmetically oriented dermatology patients. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the prevalence of psychotropic medication use among such patients to offer insight into the rates of psychopathology in this group. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients seeking consultation at a cosmetic dermatology practice, recorded patients' use of psychotropic medicines, and compared this with data from a control group of medical dermatology patients. RESULTS Both groups reported rates of psychotropic medication use above those expected in the general population. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of psychotropic drug use between cosmetic (18%) and medical (17%) dermatology patients. LIMITATIONS There is not a one-to-one correspondence between psychotropic medication use and the presence of psychopathology. Data are based on patient health histories and, thus, may be subject to underreporting. CONCLUSIONS There is a relatively high rate of psychotropic drug use among all patients seeking care from dermatologists, but this does not appear to be more common among patients interested in undergoing cosmetic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Orringer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Friedman C, Chenoweth C. Best practice modeling initiative in an infection control program. Am J Infect Control 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Stewart SL, Thompson TD, German RR, Cardinez CJ, Friedman C, Wingo PA. Geographic patterns of gynecologic cancer incidence and mortality. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.5094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Stewart
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - R. R. German
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - C. Friedman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - P. A. Wingo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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German RR, Thompson TD, Stewart SL, Friedman C, Wingo P. Geographic patterns of prostate cancer incidence and mortality - United States, 2001. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. R. German
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - S. L. Stewart
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - C. Friedman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - P. Wingo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Abstract
There has been increased work in developing automated systems that involve natural language processing (NLP) to recognize and extract genomic information from the literature. Recognition and identification of biological entities is a critical step in this process. NLP systems generally rely on nomenclatures and ontological specifications as resources for determining the names of the entities, assigning semantic categories that are consistent with the corresponding ontology, and assignment of identifiers that map to well-defined entities within a particular nomenclature. Although nomenclatures and ontologies are valuable for text processing systems, they were developed to aid researchers and are heterogeneous in structure and semantics. A uniform resource that is automatically generated from diverse resources, and that is designed for NLP purposes would be a useful tool for the field, and would further database interoperability. This paper presents work towards this goal. We have automatically created lexical resources from four model organism nomenclature systems (mouse, fly, worm, and yeast), and have studied performance of the resources within an existing NLP system, GENIES. Using nomenclatures is not straightforward because issues concerning ambiguity, synonymy, and name variations are quite challenging. In this paper we focus mainly on ambiguity. We determined that the number of ambiguous gene names within the individual nomenclatures, across the four nomenclatures, and with general English ranged from 0%-10.18%, 1.187%-20.30%, and 0%-2.49% respectively. When actually processing text, we found the rate of ambiguous occurrences (not counting ambiguities stemming from English words) to range from 2.4%-32.9% depending on the organisms considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tuason
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, 622 W 168 St, VC-5, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Haas∗ J, Mendonca E, Friedman C, Larson E. Use of Computerized Surveillance to Detect Nosocomial Pneumonia in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Patients. Am J Infect Control 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Arndt∗ J, Petersen K, Crossno K, Brudon D, Herman A, Friedman C, Chenoweth C. Focusing on Hand Hygiene with a Promotional Campaign. Am J Infect Control 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vicennati V, Vottero A, Friedman C, Papanicolaou DA. Hormonal regulation of interleukin-6 production in human adipocytes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2002; 26:905-11. [PMID: 12080442 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2001] [Revised: 02/19/2002] [Accepted: 02/25/2002] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the hormonal regulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by human adipose tissue and its relation to leptin. DESIGN In vitro study. Human adipocytes were incubated with dexamethasone (with or without RU486), norepinephrine and epinephrine (with or without propranolol), or insulin. MEASUREMENTS IL-6 and leptin secretion by human adipocytes. RESULTS A gradual increase in IL-6 secretion by adipocytes during differentiation was observed. A positive correlation was found between basal IL-6 release and both glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity--a marker of adipocyte differentiation-and leptin release. Dexamethasone decreased IL-6 secretion and increased leptin secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Both catecholamines increased IL-6 and leptin secretion. The effects of dexamethasone and catecholamines on IL-6 and leptin were abrogated by RU486 and propranolol, respectively. Incubation with insulin resulted in a dose-dependent stimulation of IL-6 and leptin secretion. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 is produced by human adipocytes and is a potential marker of adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore it is a hormonally regulated cytokine, suppressed by glucocorticoids, and stimulated by catecholamines and insulin in physiological concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vicennati
- Endocrine Unit, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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39
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Friedman C, Kra P, Yu H, Krauthammer M, Rzhetsky A. GENIES: a natural-language processing system for the extraction of molecular pathways from journal articles. Bioinformatics 2002; 17 Suppl 1:S74-82. [PMID: 11472995 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/17.suppl_1.s74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems that extract structured information from natural language passages have been highly successful in specialized domains. The time is opportune for developing analogous applications for molecular biology and genomics. We present a system, GENIES, that extracts and structures information about cellular pathways from the biological literature in accordance with a knowledge model that we developed earlier. We implemented GENIES by modifying an existing medical natural language processing system, MedLEE, and performed a preliminary evaluation study. Our results demonstrate the value of the underlying techniques for the purpose of acquiring valuable knowledge from biological journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Friedman
- Computer Science Dept, Queens College CUNY, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA.
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Lanciano R, Sherman DM, Michalski J, Preston AJ, Yocom K, Friedman C. The efficacy and safety of once-daily Kytril (granisetron hydrochloride) tablets in the prophylaxis of nausea and emesis following fractionated upper abdominal radiotherapy. Cancer Invest 2002; 19:763-72. [PMID: 11768028 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-100107736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This multicenter, randomized, double-blind study compared the efficacy and safety of once-daily oral granisetron 2 mg (n = 134) and placebo (n = 126) as prophylaxis for nausea and emesis in patients receiving upper abdominal fractionated radiotherapy. Patients were scheduled to receive 10-30 fractions of radiotherapy; granisetron (two 1-mg tablets) or placebo was administered 1 hr before radiotherapy on each scheduled treatment day. Treatment comparisons were made at 24 hr and at 10 and 20 fractions. Patients treated with granisetron experienced greater emetic control than those treated with placebo as evidenced by median times to first emesis (35 vs. 9 days, p < 0.001) and first nausea (11 vs. 1 day, p < 0.001). Overall endpoint analysis showed that proportionally more granisetron than placebo patients were emesis free (57.5% vs. 42.1%, p = 0.0047) and nausea free (30.6% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.0042). Furthermore, 25% more granisetron-treated than placebo-treated patients were emesis free and 20% more were nausea free on at least 80% of study treatment days. The most commonly reported adverse experiences in granisetron-treated patients were diarrhea, asthenia, and constipation. These findings demonstrate that a once-daily, 2-mg dose of oral granisetron is well tolerated and significantly more effective than placebo in preventing nausea and emesis induced by fractionated radiotherapy to the upper abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lanciano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Delaware County Memorial Hospital, Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania 19026, USA
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41
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Kouros-Mehr H, Pintchovski S, Melnyk J, Chen YJ, Friedman C, Trask B, Shizuya H. Identification of non-functional human VNO receptor genes provides evidence for vestigiality of the human VNO. Chem Senses 2001; 26:1167-74. [PMID: 11705802 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/26.9.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the vomeronasal organ (VNO) contains chemosensory receptor cells that bind to pheromones and induce a variety of social and reproductive behaviors. It has been traditionally assumed that the human VNO (Jacobson's organ) is a vestigial structure, although recent studies have shown minor evidence for a structurally intact and possibly functional VNO. The presence and function of the human VNO remains controversial, however, as pheromones and VNO receptors have not been well characterized. In this study we screened a human Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library with multiple primer sets designed from human cDNA sequences homologous to mouse VNO receptor genes. Utilizing these BAC sequences in addition to mouse VNO receptor sequences, we screened the High Throughput Genome Sequence (HTGS) database to find additional human putative VNO receptor genes. We report the identification of 56 BACs carrying 34 distinct putative VNO receptor gene sequences, all of which appear to be pseudogenes. Sequence analysis indicates substantial homology to mouse V1R and V2R VNO receptor families. Furthermore, chromosomal localization via FISH analysis and RH mapping reveal that the majority of the BACs are localized to telomeric and centromeric chromosomal localizations and may have arisen through duplication events. These data yield insight into the present state of pheromonal olfaction in humans and into the evolutionary history of human VNO receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kouros-Mehr
- Beckman Institute, Division of Biology, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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42
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Linardopoulou E, Mefford HC, Nguyen O, Friedman C, van den Engh G, Farwell DG, Coltrera M, Trask BJ. Transcriptional activity of multiple copies of a subtelomerically located olfactory receptor gene that is polymorphic in number and location. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10:2373-83. [PMID: 11689484 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.21.2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here on the transcriptional activity of multiple copies of a subtelomerically located olfactory receptor (OR) gene, OR-A. Due to recent duplication events, both the copy number and chromosomal location of OR-A vary among humans. Sequence analyses of 180 copies of this gene, derived from 12 chromosome ends in 22 individuals, show that the main coding exon of all but one copy is an intact open reading frame with 0-5 predicted amino acid differences. We detected transcription of OR-A in both olfactory epithelium and testis tissue using RT-PCR amplification with primers designed on the basis of a computationally predicted gene structure. Two alternatively spliced forms of transcripts, one encoding an isoform with an extended N-terminus, were found in both tissues. A third transcript, derived from a second promoter, was also observed in testes. The start methionine is predicted in all transcripts to lie in an upstream exon rather than the main coding exon, as is typical for most other OR genes. By examining sequence variants among transcripts, we show that transcription of this gene occurs at multiple chromosomal locations. Our results lend credence to the idea that OR diversity could be generated in rearrangement-prone subtelomeric regions and show that polymorphism in subtelomeric regions could lead to individual-to-individual variation in the expressed repertoire of OR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Linardopoulou
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND At the University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Centers, there is increasing use of an electronic medical record. Because orthopedic surgeons dictate all outpatient visits to the patient's electronic record, total knee arthroplasties were chosen to determine whether the use of electronic medical records increased case finding. METHODS All patients who underwent a total knee arthroplasty during the study period (1996-1999) were followed prospectively with the use of the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System definitions. Traditional surveillance methods were used to ascertain infections. In addition, each patient's postdischarge outpatient clinic chart was reviewed electronically for 1 year after operation. RESULTS From 1996 to 1999, 555 procedures were performed. Overall, 25 infections were identified after operation. Seven infections were identified through traditional surveillance methods, which resulted in an average surgical site infection rate of 1.3%. The use of electronic chart review surveillance after discharge revealed a rate of 4.5%, which was significantly higher than traditional surveillance (P <.01). Eighteen of 25 infections (72%) would not have been identified with the use of traditional surveillance methods. CONCLUSION Postdischarge electronic chart review enhanced case finding significantly, which resulted in a more accurate infection rate. Awareness should be given to the institutions' surveillance methods and intensity when comparing to published rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Friedman
- Department of Infection Control & Epidemiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, 48109-0755, USA
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44
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Abstract
With the growing use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques for information extraction and concept indexing in the biomedical domain, a method that quickly and efficiently assigns the correct sense of an ambiguous biomedical term in a given context is needed concurrently. The current status of word sense disambiguation (WSD) in the biomedical domain is that handcrafted rules are used based on contextual material. The disadvantages of this approach are (i) generating WSD rules manually is a time-consuming and tedious task, (ii) maintenance of rule sets becomes increasingly difficult over time, and (iii) handcrafted rules are often incomplete and perform poorly in new domains comprised of specialized vocabularies and different genres of text. This paper presents a two-phase unsupervised method to build a WSD classifier for an ambiguous biomedical term W. The first phase automatically creates a sense-tagged corpus for W, and the second phase derives a classifier for W using the derived sense-tagged corpus as a training set. A formative experiment was performed, which demonstrated that classifiers trained on the derived sense-tagged corpora achieved an overall accuracy of about 97%, with greater than 90% accuracy for each individual ambiguous term.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- Computer Science Division, Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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45
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Lane RP, Cutforth T, Young J, Athanasiou M, Friedman C, Rowen L, Evans G, Axel R, Hood L, Trask BJ. Genomic analysis of orthologous mouse and human olfactory receptor loci. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:7390-5. [PMID: 11416212 PMCID: PMC34679 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.131215398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptor (OR) genes represent approximately 1% of genomic coding sequence in mammals, and these genes are clustered on multiple chromosomes in both the mouse and human genomes. We have taken a comparative genomics approach to identify features that may be involved in the dynamic evolution of this gene family and in the transcriptional control that results in a single OR gene expressed per olfactory neuron. We sequenced approximately 350 kb of the murine P2 OR cluster and used synteny, gene linkage, and phylogenetic analysis to identify and sequence approximately 111 kb of an orthologous cluster in the human genome. In total, 18 mouse and 8 human OR genes were identified, including 7 orthologs that appear to be functional in both species. Noncoding homology is evident between orthologs and generally is confined within the transcriptional unit. We find no evidence for common regulatory features shared among paralogs, and promoter regions generally do not contain strong promoter motifs. We discuss these observations, as well as OR clustering, in the context of evolutionary expansion and transcriptional regulation of OR repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Lane
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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46
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Weetall M, Hugo R, Friedman C, Maida S, West S, Wattanasin S, Bouhel R, Weitz-Schmidt G, Lake P. A homogeneous fluorometric assay for measuring cell adhesion to immobilized ligand using V-well microtiter plates. Anal Biochem 2001; 293:277-87. [PMID: 11399044 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a homogeneous high-capacity assay format for measuring integrin- and selectin-dependent cell binding to immobilized ligand using V-well microtiter plates. 2',7'-Bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxylfluorescence, acetoxymethylester-labeled cells are added to ligand-coated V-shaped microtiter wells. Bound cells are separated from free cells using centrifugal force to produce shear stress. Nonadherent cells accumulate in the nadir of the well and are measured using a fluorescence plate reader. Antibody or low-molecular-weight inhibitors of either the ligand or the cell surface receptor result in less cell binding, more cells in the pellet, and increased signal. The optimization and validation of the very late antigen-4/vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 assay is described in detail. We demonstrate that this assay can be rapidly adapted to measure other integrin- and selectin-mediated interactions. This assay format has several advantages over conventional assays. The centrifugal process is biologically relevant and eliminates the washing steps to remove nonadherent cells that can cause well-to-well and plate-to-plate variation. Because the assay is robust with a high signal-to-noise ratio and low variability, it is ideally suited for studying multiple parameters of cell adhesion and for high capacity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weetall
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Summit, New Jersey 07901, USA.
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47
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48
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Ritter HL, Gralla RJ, Hall SW, Wada JK, Friedman C, Hand L, Fitts D. Efficacy of intravenous granisetron to control nausea and vomiting during multiple cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Cancer Invest 2001; 16:87-93. [PMID: 9512674 DOI: 10.3109/07357909809039762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of granisetron (10 micrograms/kg and 40 micrograms/kg) were evaluated during a second (n = 393) and third (n = 200) cycle of chemotherapy in this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. Granisetron was administered as a single intravenous dose before the start of cisplatin chemotherapy (> or = 60 mg/m2). Total control (no vomiting, no retching, no nausea, and no use of antiemetic rescue medication) after the first 24 hr following chemotherapy was achieved in 40% and 49% of patients in Cycles 2 and 3, respectively, for the 10 micrograms/kg group, and in 42% and 38% of patients in Cycles 2 and 3, respectively, for the 40 micrograms/kg group. Both dose levels of granisetron were well tolerated. The results demonstrate comparable efficacy between the 10 micrograms/kg and 40 micrograms/kg doses of granisetron in preventing nausea and vomiting during repeat cycles of high-dose cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The results of this study show that granisetron 10 micrograms/kg is safe and well tolerated, and remains effective with repeat cycle use.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Ritter
- Toledo Clinic, Inc., Hematology-Oncology Department, Ohio 43623, USA
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49
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Mayne ST, Cartmel B, Baum M, Shor-Posner G, Fallon BG, Briskin K, Bean J, Zheng T, Cooper D, Friedman C, Goodwin WJ. Randomized trial of supplemental beta-carotene to prevent second head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 2001; 61:1457-63. [PMID: 11245451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Beta-carotene has established efficacy in animal models of oral carcinogenesis and has been shown to regress oral precancerous lesions in humans. The purpose of this study was to see whether these effects extended to the prevention of oral/pharyngeal/laryngeal (head and neck) cancer in humans. The subject population for this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial included 264 patients who had been curatively treated for a recent early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx, or larynx. Patients were assigned randomly to receive 50 mg of beta-carotene per day or placebo and were followed for up to 90 months for the development of second primary tumors and local recurrences. After a median follow-up of 51 months, there was no difference between the two groups in the time to failure [second primary tumors plus local recurrences: relative risk (RR), 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56-1.45]. In site-specific analyses, supplemental beta-carotene had no significant effect on second head and neck cancer (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.39-1.25) or lung cancer (RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.62-3.39). Total mortality was not significantly affected by this intervention (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.52-1.42). Whereas none of the effects were statistically significant, the point estimates suggested a possible decrease in second head and neck cancer risk but a possible increase in lung cancer risk. These effects are consistent with the effects observed in trials using intermediate end point biological markers in humans, in which beta-carotene has established efficacy in oral precancerous lesions but has no effect or slightly worsens sputum cytology, and in animal carcinogenicity studies, in which beta-carotene has established efficacy in buccal pouch carcinogenesis in hamsters but not in animal models of respiratory tract/lung carcinogenesis, with some suggestions of tumor-promoting effects in respiratory tract/lung. If our results are replicated by other ongoing/completed trials, this suggests a critical need for mechanistic studies addressing differential responses in one epithelial site (head and neck) versus another (lung).
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Mayne
- Department of Epidemiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8034, USA.
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50
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McPherson JD, Marra M, Hillier L, Waterston RH, Chinwalla A, Wallis J, Sekhon M, Wylie K, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Fulton R, Kucaba TA, Wagner-McPherson C, Barbazuk WB, Gregory SG, Humphray SJ, French L, Evans RS, Bethel G, Whittaker A, Holden JL, McCann OT, Dunham A, Soderlund C, Scott CE, Bentley DR, Schuler G, Chen HC, Jang W, Green ED, Idol JR, Maduro VV, Montgomery KT, Lee E, Miller A, Emerling S, Gibbs R, Scherer S, Gorrell JH, Sodergren E, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Tabor P, Naylor S, Garcia D, de Jong PJ, Catanese JJ, Nowak N, Osoegawa K, Qin S, Rowen L, Madan A, Dors M, Hood L, Trask B, Friedman C, Massa H, Cheung VG, Kirsch IR, Reid T, Yonescu R, Weissenbach J, Bruls T, Heilig R, Branscomb E, Olsen A, Doggett N, Cheng JF, Hawkins T, Myers RM, Shang J, Ramirez L, Schmutz J, Velasquez O, Dixon K, Stone NE, Cox DR, Haussler D, Kent WJ, Furey T, Rogic S, Kennedy S, Jones S, Rosenthal A, Wen G, Schilhabel M, Gloeckner G, Nyakatura G, Siebert R, Schlegelberger B, Korenberg J, Chen XN, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Toyoda A, Yada T, Park HS, Sakaki Y, Shimizu N, Asakawa S, Kawasaki K, Sasaki T, Shintani A, Shimizu A, Shibuya K, Kudoh J, Minoshima S, Ramser J, Seranski P, Hoff C, Poustka A, Reinhardt R, Lehrach H. A physical map of the human genome. Nature 2001; 409:934-41. [PMID: 11237014 DOI: 10.1038/35057157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human genome is by far the largest genome to be sequenced, and its size and complexity present many challenges for sequence assembly. The International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium constructed a map of the whole genome to enable the selection of clones for sequencing and for the accurate assembly of the genome sequence. Here we report the construction of the whole-genome bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) map and its integration with previous landmark maps and information from mapping efforts focused on specific chromosomal regions. We also describe the integration of sequence data with the map.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D McPherson
- Washington University School of Medicine, Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Genetics, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
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