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Bird PW, Holmes CW, Pan D, Martin CA, Pareek M, Gogoi M, Sandhu R, Sargeant P, McMurray CL, Baggaley RF, Nellums LB. Awareness of HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, tuberculosis and COVID-19 in migrant students in the UK: a pilot survey from an Institute of Higher Education. J Infect 2023; 86:e94-e96. [PMID: 36796680 PMCID: PMC9925411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Bird
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher W Holmes
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel Pan
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - Christopher A Martin
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - Manish Pareek
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK.
| | - Mayuri Gogoi
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Claire L McMurray
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - Laura B Nellums
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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Ganly KH, Bowyer JC, Bird PW, Willford NJ, Shaw J, Odedra M, Osborn G, Everett T, Warner M, Horne S, Dinn M, McMurray CL, Holmes CW, Koo SSF, Tang JWT. Prospective Surveillance of Respiratory Infections in British Antarctic Survey Bases During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:2105-2112. [PMID: 36214778 PMCID: PMC9619699 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The British Antarctic bases offer a semiclosed environment for assessing the transmission and persistence of seasonal respiratory viruses. METHODS Weekly swabbing was performed for respiratory pathogen surveillance (including SARS-CoV-2), at 2 British Antarctic Survey bases, during 2020: King Edward Point (KEP, 30 June to 29 September, 9 participants, 124 swabs) and Rothera (9 May to 6 June, 27 participants, 127 swabs). Symptom questionnaires were collected for any newly symptomatic cases that presented during this weekly swabbing period. RESULTS At KEP, swabs tested positive for non-SARS-CoV-2 seasonal coronavirus (2), adenovirus (1), parainfluenza 3 (1), and respiratory syncytial virus B (1). At Rothera, swabs tested positive for non-SARS-CoV-2 seasonal coronavirus (3), adenovirus (2), parainfluenza 4 (1), and human metapneumovirus (1). All bacterial agents identified were considered to be colonizers and not pathogenic. CONCLUSIONS At KEP, the timeline indicated that the parainfluenza 3 and adenovirus infections could have been linked to some of the symptomatic cases that presented. For the other viruses, the only other possible sources were the visiting ship crew members. At Rothera, the single symptomatic case presented too early for this to be linked to the subsequent viral detections, and the only other possible source could have been a single nonparticipating staff member.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine H Ganly
- Emergency Department, British Antarctic Survey Medical Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - James C Bowyer
- Emergency Department, British Antarctic Survey Medical Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W Bird
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Willford
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Shaw
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Odedra
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Osborn
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Everett
- Emergency Department, British Antarctic Survey Medical Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Warner
- Emergency Department, British Antarctic Survey Medical Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Horne
- Emergency Department, British Antarctic Survey Medical Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Dinn
- Emergency Department, British Antarctic Survey Medical Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L McMurray
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher W Holmes
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon S F Koo
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Wei-Tze Tang
- Correspondence: J. W.-T. Tang, MBChB, MA, PhD, MRCP, Clinical Microbiology, 5/F Sandringham Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK (; )
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McMurray CL, Hardy KJ, Calus ST, Loman NJ, Hawkey PM. Staphylococcal species heterogeneity in the nasal microbiome following antibiotic prophylaxis revealed by tuf gene deep sequencing. Microbiome 2016; 4:63. [PMID: 27912796 PMCID: PMC5134057 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-016-0210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococci are a major constituent of the nasal microbiome and a frequent cause of hospital-acquired infection. Antibiotic surgical prophylaxis is administered prior to surgery to reduce a patient's risk of postoperative infection. The impact of surgical prophylaxis on the nasal staphylococcal microbiome is largely unknown. Here, we report the species present in the nasal staphylococcal microbiome and the impact of surgical prophylaxis revealed by a novel culture independent technique. Daily nasal samples from 18 hospitalised patients, six of whom received no antibiotics and 12 of whom received antibiotic surgical prophylaxis (flucloxacillin and gentamicin or teicoplanin +/- gentamicin), were analysed by tuf gene fragment amplicon sequencing. RESULTS On admission to hospital, the species diversity of the nasal staphylococcal microbiome varied from patient to patient ranging from 4 to 10 species. Administration of surgical prophylaxis did not substantially alter the diversity of the staphylococcal species present in the nose; however, surgical prophylaxis did impact on the relative abundance of the staphylococcal species present. The dominant staphylococcal species present in all patients on admission was Staphylococcus epidermidis, and antibiotic administration resulted in an increase in species relative abundance. Following surgical prophylaxis, a reduction in the abundance of Staphylococcus aureus was observed in carriers, but not a complete eradication. CONCLUSIONS Utilising the tuf gene fragment has enabled a detailed study of the staphylococcal microbiome in the nose and highlights that although there is no change in the heterogeneity of species present, there are changes in abundance. The sensitivity of the methodology has revealed that the abundance of S. aureus is reduced to a low level by surgical prophylaxis and therefore reduces the potential risk of infection following surgery but also highlights that S. aureus does persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L McMurray
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham, B9 5SS, UK.
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, The College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Katherine J Hardy
- Public Health England Birmingham Laboratory, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham, B9 5SS, UK
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, The College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Szymon T Calus
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, The College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Present address: Infrastructure and Environment Research Division, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas J Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, The College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter M Hawkey
- Public Health England Birmingham Laboratory, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham, B9 5SS, UK
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, The College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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McMurray CL, Hardy KJ, Verlander NQ, Hawkey PM. Antibiotic surgical prophylaxis increases nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:1489-1495. [PMID: 26445858 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are a significant cause of hospital-acquired infection. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is an important risk factor for infection in surgical patients and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are a major cause of prosthetic joint infections. The impact that antibiotic surgical prophylaxis has on the nasal carriage of staphylococci has not been studied. Daily nasal swabs were taken from 63 patients who received antibiotic surgical prophylaxis and 16 patients who received no antibiotics. Total aerobic bacterial count, S. aureus and CNS were enumerated by culture from nasal swabs. Representative isolates were typed by staphylococcal interspersed repeat units (SIRU) typing and PFGE, and MICs to nine antibiotics were determined. After antibiotic administration, there was a reduction in S. aureus counts (median - 2.3 log(10)c.f.u. ml(- 1)) in 64.0 % of S. aureus carriers, compared with only a 0.89 log(10)c.f.u. ml(- 1) reduction in 75.0 % of S. aureus carriers who did not receive antibiotics. A greater increase in the nasal carriage rate of meticillin-resistant CNS was observed after antibiotic surgical prophylaxis compared with hospitalization alone, with increases of 16.4 and 4.6 %, respectively. Antibiotic-resistant S. epidermidis carriage rate increased by 16.6 % after antibiotic administration compared with 7.5 % with hospitalization alone. Antibiotic surgical prophylaxis impacts the nasal carriage of both S. aureus and CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L McMurray
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katherine J Hardy
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Public Health England Birmingham Laboratory, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Neville Q Verlander
- Statistics Unit, Statistics, Modelling and Economics Department, Public Health England, Colindale, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Peter M Hawkey
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Public Health England Birmingham Laboratory, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
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Shabir S, Hardy KJ, Abbasi WS, McMurray CL, Malik SA, Wattal C, Hawkey PM. Epidemiological typing of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Pakistan and India. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:330-337. [PMID: 19926728 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.014910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Pakistan and India are known to be high, but few studies have described the epidemiology of the different MRSA clones present. In order to gain an understanding of the epidemiology of MRSA within this region, 60 MRSA isolates from Pakistan (49) and India (11) were genotyped. All isolates were typed using PFGE, staphylococcal interspersed repeat units (SIRUs), a restriction–modification method and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. A subset of isolates that were distinct by PFGE and SIRUs were typed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Clonal complex (CC) 8 was the dominant clonal complex (57/60) and was present in both Pakistan and India. Within CC8, there were 10 SIRU profiles and 24 PFGE profiles. Two SIRU profiles were present in isolates from both India and Pakistan, whilst seven were distinct for Pakistan and one for India. All PFGE profiles were distinct for each of the two countries. Thirty-four of the 57 isolates carried SCCmec type III/IIIa and the remainder carried type IV SCCmec. MLST analysis of 14 CC8 isolates with diverse SIRU and PFGE profiles showed that all were single-locus variants, with nine belonging to sequence type (ST) 239, three to ST8 and two to ST113. From a single hospital in Pakistan, three isolates belonged to CC30 and all were indistinguishable by PFGE and SIRUs and carried the Panton–Valentine leukocidin gene. Thus, epidemiological typing of strains from three distinct locations in India and Pakistan revealed the predominance of one clonal complex and highly related STs. The ability of SIRUs and PFGE to differentiate within ST239 demonstrates their utility in defining local epidemiology in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahida Shabir
- West Midlands Public Health Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, Heart of England Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Katherine J. Hardy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- West Midlands Public Health Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, Heart of England Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Waseem S. Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Quaid-E-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Claire L. McMurray
- West Midlands Public Health Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, Heart of England Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Salman A. Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Quaid-E-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Chand Wattal
- Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi 10061, India
| | - Peter M. Hawkey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- West Midlands Public Health Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, Heart of England Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
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McMurray CL, Hardy KJ, Hawkey PM. Rapid, automated epidemiological typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol Methods 2009; 80:109-11. [PMID: 19895854 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The QIAxcel is an accurate, automated DNA sizing system that can be used as an alternative to agarose gel electrophoresis for rapid, high throughput epidemiological typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using staphylococcal interspersed repeating unit (SIRU) typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L McMurray
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham, B9 5SS, United Kingdom.
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