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Steinsiepe VK, Ruf MT, Rossi M, Fricker-Feer C, Kolenc D, Buser BS, Concu M, Neumayr A, Schneider UC. Human Taenia martis Neurocysticercosis, Switzerland. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2569-2572. [PMID: 37987597 PMCID: PMC10683805 DOI: 10.3201/eid2912.230697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis is almost exclusively caused by Taenia solium tapeworms. We describe a case of neurocysticercosis in Switzerland caused by infection with Taenia martis, the marten tapeworm, and review all 5 published cases of human infection with the marten tapeworm. In epidemiologically nonplausible cases of neurocysticercosis, zoonotic spillover infections should be suspected.
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Chase HR, Gopinath GR, Eshwar AK, Stoller A, Fricker-Feer C, Gangiredla J, Patel IR, Cinar HN, Jeong H, Lee C, Negrete F, Finkelstein S, Stephan R, Tall BD, Lehner A. Comparative Genomic Characterization of the Highly Persistent and Potentially Virulent Cronobacter sakazakii ST83, CC65 Strain H322 and Other ST83 Strains. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1136. [PMID: 28694793 PMCID: PMC5483470 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter (C.) sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen and has been associated with serious infections with high mortality rates predominantly in pre-term, low-birth weight and/or immune compromised neonates and infants. Infections have been epidemiologically linked to consumption of intrinsically and extrinsically contaminated lots of reconstituted powdered infant formula (PIF), thus contamination of such products is a challenging task for the PIF producing industry. We present the draft genome of C. sakazakii H322, a highly persistent sequence type (ST) 83, clonal complex (CC) 65, serotype O:7 strain obtained from a batch of non-released contaminated PIF product. The presence of this strain in the production environment was traced back more than 4 years. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of this strain together with four more ST83 strains (PIF production environment-associated) confirmed a high degree of sequence homology among four of the five strains. Phylogenetic analysis using microarray (MA) and WGS data showed that the ST83 strains were highly phylogenetically related and MA showed that between 5 and 38 genes differed from one another in these strains. All strains possessed the pESA3-like virulence plasmid and one strain possessed a pESA2-like plasmid. In addition, a pCS1-like plasmid was also found. In order to assess the potential in vivo pathogenicity of the ST83 strains, each strain was subjected to infection studies using the recently developed zebrafish embryo model. Our results showed a high (90-100%) zebrafish mortality rate for all of these strains, suggesting a high risk for infections and illness in neonates potentially exposed to PIF contaminated with ST83 C. sakazakii strains. In summary, virulent ST83, CC65, serotype CsakO:7 strains, though rarely found intrinsically in PIF, can persist within a PIF manufacturing facility for years and potentially pose significant quality assurance challenges to the PIF manufacturing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Chase
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, LaurelMD, United States
| | - Gopal R Gopinath
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, LaurelMD, United States
| | - Athmanya K Eshwar
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Stoller
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Fricker-Feer
- Quality Assurance and Food Safety Department, Hochdorf Swiss Nutrition LtdHochdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jayanthi Gangiredla
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, LaurelMD, United States
| | - Isha R Patel
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, LaurelMD, United States
| | - Hediye N Cinar
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, LaurelMD, United States
| | - HyeJin Jeong
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, LaurelMD, United States
| | - ChaeYoon Lee
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, LaurelMD, United States
| | - Flavia Negrete
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, LaurelMD, United States
| | - Samantha Finkelstein
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, LaurelMD, United States
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Ben D Tall
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, LaurelMD, United States
| | - Angelika Lehner
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
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Brandl H, Fricker-Feer C, Ziegler D, Mandal J, Stephan R, Lehner A. Distribution and identification of culturable airborne microorganisms in a Swiss milk processing facility. J Dairy Sci 2013; 97:240-6. [PMID: 24210492 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Airborne communities (mainly bacteria) were sampled and characterized (concentration levels and diversity) at 1 outdoor and 6 indoor sites within a Swiss dairy production facility. Air samples were collected on 2 sampling dates in different seasons, one in February and one in July 2012 using impaction bioaerosol samplers. After cultivation, isolates were identified by mass spectrometry (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight) and molecular (sequencing of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes) methods. In general, total airborne particle loads and total bacterial counts were higher in winter than in summer, but remained constant within each indoor sampling site at both sampling times (February and July). Bacterial numbers were generally very low (<100 cfu/m(3) of air) during the different steps of milk powder production. Elevated bacterial concentrations (with mean values of 391 ± 142 and 179 ± 33 cfu/m(3) of air during winter and summer sampling, respectively; n=15) occurred mainly in the "logistics area," where products in closed tins are packed in secondary packaging material and prepared for shipping. However, total bacterial counts at the outdoor site varied, with a 5- to 6-fold higher concentration observed in winter compared with summer. Twenty-five gram-positive and gram-negative genera were identified as part of the airborne microflora, with Bacillus and Staphylococcus being the most frequent genera identified. Overall, the culturable microflora community showed a composition typical and representative for the specific location. Bacterial counts were highly correlated with total airborne particles in the size range 1 to 5 µm, indicating that a simple surveillance system based upon counting of airborne particles could be implemented. The data generated in this study could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the dairy plant's sanitation program and to identify potential sources of airborne contamination, resulting in increased food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Brandl
- University of Zurich, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Jyotshna Mandal
- University of Zurich, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Lehner
- University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Müller A, Stephan R, Fricker-Feer C, Lehner A. Genetic diversity of Cronobacter sakazakii isolates collected from a Swiss infant formula production facility. J Food Prot 2013; 76:883-7. [PMID: 23643134 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 141 Cronobacter isolates that were collected based on a hygienic monitoring program performed in a powdered infant formula production facility in Switzerland between September 2011 and October 2012 were further characterized. Isolates were identified to the species level by molecular methods, and strains of Cronobacter sakazakii were further subtyped by applying PCR-based O-antigen serotyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). C. sakazakii was the most prevalent species identified (93.6%). Among this collection of isolates, representatives of all but one O-antigen serotype (serotype O5) were recognized. MLST analysis of 19 selected isolates revealed that most of the typeable isolates belonged to sequence type (ST) 4. Correlations between ST4 and serotype O2 and between ST83 and serotype O7 were observed. PFGE analysis revealed clusters with multiple isolates, including strains from samples collected at different time points and sampling sources. Generally, the observed heterogeneity among strains collected over the 13 months of the monitoring program was high, suggesting a constant flux among strains rather than a selection for persisting organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Müller
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lehner A, Fricker-Feer C, Stephan R. Identification of the recently described Cronobacter condimenti by an rpoB-gene-based PCR system. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:1034-1035. [PMID: 22466029 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.042903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Lehner
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Fricker-Feer
- QA and Food Safety Department, Hochdorf Nutritec AG, CH-6280 Hochdorf, Switzerland
| | - R Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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