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Quillaguamán J, Guzmán D, Campero M, Hoepfner C, Relos L, Mendieta D, Higdon SM, Eid D, Fernández CE. The microbiome of a polluted urban lake harbors pathogens with diverse antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Environ Pollut 2021; 273:116488. [PMID: 33485000 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the greatest threats to the modern human population. Paradoxically, urban settlements are often culpable in generating such resistance by influencing the adaptation of bacterial communities via pollution of natural ecosystems. Urban lakes are well-known examples of this problem, as they often receive discharges of both domestic and industrial wastewater. In this study, we used shotgun metagenome sequencing to examine the microbial diversity of water and sediment samples of Lake Alalay, a polluted urban lake near Cochabamba, Bolivia. We found that Proteobacteria dominated the relative abundance of both water and sediment samples at levels over 25% and that a significant proportion of the microbial diversity could not be classified (about 9% in water and 22% in sediment). Further metagenomic investigation of antimicrobial resistance (AR) genes identified 277 and 150 AR genes in water and sediment samples, respectively. These included genes with functional annotations for resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, phenicols, macrolides, beta-lactams, and rifamycin. A high number of genes involved in bacterial virulence also occurred in both water and sediment samples (169 and 283, respectively), where the virulence gene pscP normally found in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system had the highest relative abundance. Isolated and identified bacteria from water samples also revealed the presence of pathogenic bacteria among the microbiota of Lake Alalay. Seeing as most AR and virulence genes detected in this study are commonly described in nosocomial infections, we provide evidence suggesting that the microbial ecosystem of Lake Alalay presents a severe health risk to the surrounding population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Quillaguamán
- Center of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
| | - Daniel Guzmán
- Center of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Melina Campero
- Center of Limnology and Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Claudia Hoepfner
- Center of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Laura Relos
- Center of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Daniela Mendieta
- Center of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Shawn M Higdon
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Daniel Eid
- Institute of Biomedical Research and Social Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Carla E Fernández
- Center of Limnology and Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
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González-Quiroz M, Calderón X, Oyarzún I, Hoepfner C, Azócar A, Aguirre A, Álvarez K, Quera R, López-Köstner F, Meléndez J. Low Gene Dosage of Cdc42 Is Not Associated with Protein Dysfunction in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:819-827. [PMID: 27540769 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High incidence of Rho Cdc42-GTPase overexpression has been found in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) samples, suggesting its potential role in tumor development. However, no conclusive studies have shown the lack of mutations and/or copy number of Cdc42 gene in this type of samples. To understand mutation/deletion and copy number status of Cdc42 gene, CRC patients were evaluated for both parameters. More than Cdc42 mutants, single-nucleotide variants were found. Analysis of regions flanking the Cdc42 gene showed allelic imbalance; 58.7% were loss of heterozygosity (LOH) positive and 14.8% presented microsatellite instability. The highest LOH percentage was located between microsatellite markers D1S199 and D1S2674, where the Cdc42 gene is located. No association between gender, age, and tumor stage was found. LOH validation through gene dosage analysis showed most CRC patients with allelic imbalance also presented a low gene dosage of Cdc42, although equal amounts of Cdc42 mRNA were detected in all samples. Although changes in Cdc42 expression were not found in any condition, Cdc42 activation was different between high and normal gene dosage samples, but not between samples with normal and low copy number. Low dosage of Cdc42 was also not related to changes in methylation status at the Cdc42 promoter region. Results suggest that low copy of Cdc42 gene is not associated with Cdc42 protein dysfunction in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías González-Quiroz
- 1 Deparment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ximena Calderón
- 1 Deparment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ingrid Oyarzún
- 1 Deparment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudia Hoepfner
- 1 Deparment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Andrés Azócar
- 1 Deparment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Adam Aguirre
- 1 Deparment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Karin Álvarez
- 2 Laboratorio de Oncología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Coloproctología , Clínica Las Condes, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Quera
- 3 Gastroenterology Service, Clínica Las Condes , Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Francisco López-Köstner
- 2 Laboratorio de Oncología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Coloproctología , Clínica Las Condes, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Jaime Meléndez
- 1 Deparment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Hoepfner C, Silva MV, França NA, Lima MR, Bembom MC, de Medeiros Sobrinho JH, Paulista PP, Fontes VF. [Aneurysms of the aortic sinus of Valsalva]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1980; 34:475-9. [PMID: 7469809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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de Medeiros Sobrinho JH, Luiz C, Hoepfner C, da Silva VD, Lima MR, Pereira RC, Fontes VF, de Sousa JE. [Anatomo-radiological correlation of the aorta and pulmonary artery in principal malformations of truncus-conus torsions and partitioning]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1980; 34:449-55. [PMID: 7469805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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