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de Castro GS, Correia-Lima J, Simoes E, Orsso CE, Xiao J, Gama LR, Gomes SP, Gonçalves DC, Costa RGF, Radloff K, Lenz U, Taranko AE, Bin FC, Formiga FB, de Godoy LGL, de Souza RP, Nucci LHA, Feitoza M, de Castro CC, Tokeshi F, Alcantara PSM, Otoch JP, Ramos AF, Laviano A, Coletti D, Mazurak VC, Prado CM, Seelaender M. Myokines in treatment-naïve patients with cancer-associated cachexia. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2443-2455. [PMID: 33190987 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by weight loss and systemic inflammation. Muscle loss and fatty infiltration into muscle are associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Skeletal muscle secretes myokines, factors with autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine action, which may be modified by or play a role in cachexia. This study examined myokine content in the plasma, skeletal muscle and tumor homogenates from treatment-naïve patients with gastric or colorectal stages I-IV cancer with cachexia (CC, N = 62), or not (weight stable cancer, WSC, N = 32). Myostatin, interleukin (IL) 15, follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL-1), fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), irisin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein content in samples was measured with Multiplex technology; body composition and muscle lipid infiltration were evaluated in computed tomography, and quantification of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the skeletal muscle. Cachectic patients presented lower muscle FSTL-1 expression (p = 0.047), higher FABP3 plasma content (p = 0.0301) and higher tumor tissue expression of FABP3 (p = 0.0182), IL-15 (p = 0.007) and irisin (p = 0.0110), compared to WSC. Neither muscle TAG content, nor muscle attenuation were different between weight stable and cachectic patients. Lumbar adipose tissue (AT) index, visceral AT index and subcutaneous AT index were lower in CC (p = 0.0149, p = 0.0455 and p = 0.0087, respectively), who also presented lower muscularity in the cohort (69.2% of patients; p = 0.0301), compared to WSC. The results indicate the myokine profile in skeletal muscle, plasma and tumor is impacted by cachexia. These findings show that myokines eventually affecting muscle wasting may not solely derive from the muscle itself (as the tumor also may contribute to the systemic scenario), and put forward new perspectives on cachexia treatment targeting myokines and associated receptors and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S de Castro
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joanna Correia-Lima
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estefania Simoes
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila E Orsso
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Canada
| | - Jingjie Xiao
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Canada; Covenant Health Palliative Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leonardo R Gama
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia & Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio P Gomes
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Departamento de Cirurgia, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caetano Gonçalves
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Biociencias, Santos, Brazil
| | - Raquel G F Costa
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katrin Radloff
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ulrike Lenz
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna E Taranko
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fang Chia Bin
- Santa Casa de Misericoria de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luis H A Nucci
- Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Feitoza
- Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio C de Castro
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Radiologia, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade de Sao Paulo Hospital Universitario, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Tokeshi
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Hospital Universitario, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jose P Otoch
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Hospital Universitario, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Ramos
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia & Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Escola de Artes, Ciencias e Humanidades, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Coletti
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Biological Adaptation and Aging, B2A, Paris, France; Department of AHFMO - Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Canada
| | - Marilia Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, LIM 26-HC, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare slow cortical electrical activity between healthy and schizophrenic individuals using 123-channel EEG and current density reconstruction (CDR). Twenty-nine healthy subjects and 14 drug-free patients performed three visual paired-associate tasks (verbal, pictorial and spatial). We modeled the generators of the slow potentials (SPs) at their peak amplitude by Lp-norm minimization using individual MRIs to model the volume conductor and source. Activity in each architectonic area of Brodmann was scored with respect to individual maximum current by a percentile method. Resulting scores by cortical area were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with planned comparisons, to search for differences among levels. Results showed a multifocal pattern of current density foci comprising the SP generators, including frontal and posterior cortices in all subjects. A few cortical areas, not exclusively frontal, were observed to significantly differ between groups. Moreover, changes in patients' frontal activity were not exclusively to lower scores or 'hipofrontality': overall effects (all tasks collapsed) included increased electrical activity in right area 10, left 38 and 47 bilaterally, and decreased activity in right area 6 and left areas 39, 21 and 19. A few additional areas showed significantly altered activity only in particular tasks. We conclude that the present method, by preserving individual anatomical and functional information, indicates bidirectional patterns of altered electrical activity in specific cortical association areas in schizophrenia, which are not compatible with the exclusive 'hipofrontality' hypothesis. Our results agree with the hypothesis of schizophrenia as a syndrome resulting from abnormalities in multiple encephalic foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F H Basile
- University of São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculty of Medicine, Av. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos s/n, P.O. Box 3671, São Paulo, SP 05403-010, Brazil.
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Nastri MV, Baptista LPS, Baroni RH, Blasbalg R, de Avila LF, Leite CC, de Castro CC, Cerri GG. Gadolinium-enhanced Three-dimensional MR Angiography of Takayasu Arteritis. Radiographics 2004; 24:773-86. [PMID: 15143227 DOI: 10.1148/rg.243035096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis is a form of large vessel vasculitis with a possible autoimmune origin that may cause stenosis of the aorta and its major branches. Six types of Takayasu arteritis are recognized; the type depends on whether the ascending aorta, descending thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, aortic cervicobrachial branches, or renal arteries are affected. The coronary and pulmonary arteries are also sometimes involved. Clinical features of the disease include diminished or absent pulses, claudication, hypertension, and mesenteric angina. Conventional angiography has been the standard imaging tool for diagnosis and evaluation of Takayasu arteritis, although it demonstrates only the lumen of the vessel. Less invasive cross-sectional methods such as computed tomographic angiography and, more recently, three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) angiography can effectively demonstrate thickening of the vessel wall, which may be the earliest manifestation of the disease, occurring before stenosis and dilatation. MR imaging in particular allows better soft-tissue differentiation and can show other signs of inflammation, including mural edema and increased mural vascularity. Other advantages of MR imaging are the lack of iodinated contrast material or ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio V Nastri
- Institute of Radiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Busatto Filho G, Garrido GEJD, Cid CG, Bottino CMC, Camargo CHPD, Cheda CMD, Glabus MF, Alvarez AMM, Castro CCD, Jacob Filho W, Buchpiguel CA. Padrões de ativação cerebral em idosos sadios durante tarefa de memória verbal de reconhecimento: a single-photon emission computerized tomography study. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2001. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462001000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos que utilizam as técnicas de PET, SPECT e ressonância magnética funcional têm permitido o mapeamento dos circuitos cerebrais ativados durante diversas tarefas cognitivas. O campo da memória declarativa tem sido um dos mais intensamente estudados. No presente estudo, usa-se a técnica de mapeamento do fluxo sangüíneo cerebral regional (FSCr) por SPECT para investigar mudanças na atividade cerebral durante uma tarefa de memória episódica, em voluntários idosos sadios (n=15). MÉTODOS: Duas avaliações de SPECT foram realizadas na mesma sessão, usando a técnica de dose dividida do traçador 99 m-Tc-HMPAO. Medidas de FSCr foram registradas durante uma tarefa de reconhecimento de material verbal previamente aprendido e durante uma tarefa-controle mais simples. Comparações de FSCr foram realizadas automaticamente, utilizando o programa Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). RESULTADOS: Observou-se aumento de FSCr durante a tarefa de memória em várias regiões cerebrais, incluindo: córtex pré-frontal lateral bilateralmente (mais acentuadamente à esquerda); porções posteriores e mediais de córtex parieto-occipital à esquerda; hemisférios cerebelares bilateralmente; e córtex temporal lateral bilateralmente (p<0,001, não corrigido para comparações múltiplas). Foram observados também focos inesperados de diminuição de FSCr em cíngulo posterior direito, córtex orbitofrontal esquerdo, córtex temporal inferior direito e vérmis cerebelar esquerdo (p<0,05, corrigido para comparações múltiplas). CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados sugerem que circuitos neuronais multifocais são engajados durante memória de reconhecimento e replicam localizações cerebrais descritas anteriormente na literatura. O uso desse protocolo em pacientes com transtornos neuropsiquiátricos poderá permitir a investigação de anormalidades cerebrais subjacentes aos déficits de memória presentes nesses transtornos.
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