1
|
Reho JJ, Muskus PC, Bennett DM, Grobe CC, Burnett CML, Nakagawa P, Segar JL, Sigmund CD, Grobe JL. Modulatory effects of estrous cycle on ingestive behaviors and energy balance in young adult C57BL/6J mice maintained on a phytoestrogen-free diet. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R242-R253. [PMID: 38284128 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00273.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The estrous cycle is known to modify food, fluid, and electrolyte intake behaviors and energy homeostasis in various species, in part through fluctuations in estrogen levels. Simultaneously, commonly commercially available rodent dietary formulations greatly vary in soy protein content, and thereby the delivery of biologically active phytoestrogens. To explore the interactions among the estrous cycle, sodium, fluid, and caloric seeking behaviors, and energy homeostasis, young adult C57BL/6J female mice were maintained on a soy protein-free 2920x diet and provided water, or a choice between water and 0.15 mol/L NaCl drink solution. Comprehensive metabolic phenotyping was performed using a multiplexed Promethion (Sable Systems International) system, and estrous stages were determined via daily vaginal cytology. When provided food and water, estrous cycling had no major modulatory effects on intake behaviors or energy balance. When provided a saline solution drink choice, significant modulatory effects of the transition from diestrus to proestrus were observed upon fluid intake patterning, locomotion, and total energy expenditure. Access to saline increased total daily sodium consumption and aspects of energy expenditure, but these effects were not modified by the estrous stage. Collectively, these results indicate that when supplied a phytoestrogen-free diet, the estrous cycle has minor modulatory effects on ingestive behaviors and energy balance in C57BL/6J mice that are sensitive to sodium supply.NEW & NOTEWORTHY When provided a phytoestrogen-free diet, the estrous cycle had very little effect on food and water intake, physical activity, or energy expenditure in C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, when provided an NaCl drink in addition to food and water, the estrous cycle was associated with changes in intake behaviors and energy expenditure. These findings highlight the complex interactions among estrous cycling, dietary formulation, and nutrient presentation upon ingestive behaviors and energy homeostasis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Patricia C Muskus
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Darby M Bennett
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Connie C Grobe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Colin M L Burnett
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Segar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ziegler AA, Lawton SBR, Grobe CC, Reho JJ, Freudinger BP, Burnett CML, Nakagawa P, Grobe JL, Segar JL. Early-life sodium deprivation programs long-term changes in ingestive behaviors and energy expenditure in C57BL/6J mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R576-R592. [PMID: 37720996 PMCID: PMC10866575 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00137.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Postnatal growth failure remains a significant problem for infants born prematurely, despite aggressive efforts to improve perinatal nutrition. Though often dysregulated in early life when children are born preterm, sodium (Na) homeostasis is vital to achieve optimal growth. We hypothesize that insufficient Na supply in this critical period contributes to growth restriction and programmed risks for cardiometabolic disease in later adulthood. Thus, we sought to ascertain the effects of prolonged versus early-life Na depletion on weight gain, body composition, food and water intake behaviors, and energy expenditure in C57BL/6J mice. In one study, mice were provided a low (0.04%)- or normal/high (0.30%)-Na diet between 3 and 18 wk of age. Na-restricted mice demonstrated delayed growth and elevated basal metabolic rate. In a second study, mice were provided 0.04% or 0.30% Na diet between 3 and 6 wk of age and then returned to standard (0.15%)-Na diet through the end of the study. Na-restricted mice exhibited growth delays that quickly caught up on return to standard diet. Between 6 and 18 wk of age, previously restricted mice exhibited sustained, programmed changes in feeding behaviors, reductions in total food intake, and increases in water intake and aerobic energy expenditure while maintaining normal body composition. Although having no effect in control mice, administration of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium abolished the programmed increase in basal metabolic rate in previously restricted mice. Together these data indicate that early-life Na restriction can cause programmed changes in ingestive behaviors, autonomic function, and energy expenditure that persist well into adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisha A Ziegler
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Samuel B R Lawton
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Connie C Grobe
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Bonnie P Freudinger
- Engineering Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Colin M L Burnett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Segar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oliveira V, Riedl RA, Claflin KE, Mathieu NM, Ritter ML, Balapattabi K, Wackman KK, Reho JJ, Brozoski DT, Morgan DA, Cui H, Rahmouni K, Burnett CML, Nakagawa P, Sigmund CD, Morselli LL, Grobe JL. Melanocortin MC 4R receptor is required for energy expenditure but not blood pressure effects of angiotensin II within the mouse brain. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:196-205. [PMID: 35476598 PMCID: PMC9131927 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00015.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is implicated in control of blood pressure (BP), fluid intake, and energy expenditure (EE). Angiotensin II (ANG II) within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus contributes to control of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and thereby EE through its actions on Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, which also contribute to EE control by leptin. First, we determined that although leptin stimulates EE in control littermates, mice with transgenic activation of the brain RAS (sRA) exhibit increased EE and leptin has no additive effect to exaggerate EE in these mice. These findings led us to hypothesize that leptin and ANG II in the brain stimulate EE through a shared mechanism. Because AgRP signaling to the melanocortin MC4R receptor contributes to the metabolic effects of leptin, we performed a series of studies examining RMR, fluid intake, and BP responses to ANG II in mice rendered deficient for expression of MC4R via a transcriptional block (Mc4r-TB). These mice were resistant to stimulation of RMR in response to activation of the endogenous brain RAS via chronic deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt treatment, whereas fluid and electrolyte effects remained intact. These mice were also resistant to stimulation of RMR via acute intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ANG II, whereas BP responses to ICV ANG II remained intact. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the effects of ANG II within the brain to control RMR and EE are dependent on MC4R signaling, whereas fluid homeostasis and BP responses are independent of MC4R signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Oliveira
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ruth A. Riedl
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kristin E. Claflin
- 3Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Natalia M. Mathieu
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - McKenzie L. Ritter
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Kelsey K. Wackman
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - John J. Reho
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,4Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Daniel T. Brozoski
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Donald A. Morgan
- 3Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Huxing Cui
- 3Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,5Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- 3Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,5Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,6Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,7Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,8Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Pablo Nakagawa
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,9Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,9Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,10Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lisa L. Morselli
- 11Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,4Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,9Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,10Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,12Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reho JJ, Nakagawa P, Mouradian GC, Grobe CC, Saravia FL, Burnett CML, Kwitek AE, Kirby JR, Segar JL, Hodges MR, Sigmund CD, Grobe JL. Methods for the Comprehensive in vivo Analysis of Energy Flux, Fluid Homeostasis, Blood Pressure, and Ventilatory Function in Rodents. Front Physiol 2022; 13:855054. [PMID: 35283781 PMCID: PMC8914175 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.855054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of death in the United States, and metabolic diseases such as obesity represent the primary impediment to improving cardiovascular health. Rodent (mouse and rat) models are widely used to model cardiometabolic disease, and as a result, there is increasing interest in the development of accurate and precise methodologies with sufficiently high resolution to dissect mechanisms controlling cardiometabolic physiology in these small organisms. Further, there is great utility in the development of centralized core facilities furnished with high-throughput equipment configurations and staffed with professional content experts to guide investigators and ensure the rigor and reproducibility of experimental endeavors. Here, we outline the array of specialized equipment and approaches that are employed within the Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core (CRMPC) and our collaborating laboratories within the Departments of Physiology, Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), for the detailed mechanistic dissection of cardiometabolic function in mice and rats. We highlight selected methods for the analysis of body composition and fluid compartmentalization, electrolyte accumulation and flux, energy accumulation and flux, physical activity, ingestive behaviors, ventilatory function, blood pressure, heart rate, autonomic function, and assessment and manipulation of the gut microbiota. Further, we include discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches for their use with rodent models, and considerations for experimental designs using these methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Gary C. Mouradian
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Connie C. Grobe
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Fatima L. Saravia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Colin M. L. Burnett
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Anne E. Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - John R. Kirby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Segar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Matthew R. Hodges
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Justin L. Grobe,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Riedl RA, Burnett CML, Pearson NA, Reho JJ, Mokadem M, Edwards RA, Kindel TL, Kirby JR, Grobe JL. Gut Microbiota Represent a Major Thermogenic Biomass. Function (Oxf) 2021; 2:zqab019. [PMID: 33939772 PMCID: PMC8055641 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supports various roles for microbial metabolites in the control of multiple aspects of host energy flux including feeding behaviors, digestive efficiency, and energy expenditure, but few studies have quantified the energy utilization of the biomass of the gut microbiota itself. Because gut microbiota exist in an anoxic environment, energy flux is expected to be anaerobic; unfortunately, commonly utilized O2/CO2 respirometry-based approaches are unable to detect anaerobic energy flux. To quantify the contribution of the gut microbial biomass to whole-animal energy flux, we examined the effect of surgical reduction of gut biomass in C57BL/6J mice via cecectomy and assessed energy expenditure using methods sensitive to anaerobic flux, including bomb and direct calorimetry. First, we determined that cecectomy caused an acceleration of weight gain over several months due to a reduction in combined total host plus microbial energy expenditure, as reflected by an increase in energy efficiency (ie, weight gained per calorie absorbed). Second, we determined that under general anesthesia, cecectomy caused immediate changes in heat dissipation that were significantly modified by short-term pretreatment with dietary or pharmaceutical interventions known to modify the microbiome, and confirmed that these effects were undetectable by respirometry. We conclude that while the cecum only contributes approximately 1% of body mass in the mouse, this organ contributes roughly 8% of total resting energy expenditure, that this contribution is predominantly anaerobic, and that the composition and abundance of the cecal microbial contents can significantly alter its contribution to energy flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Riedl
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Colin M L Burnett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nicole A Pearson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology/Proteomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mohamad Mokadem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert A Edwards
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tammy L Kindel
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - John R Kirby
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Address correspondence to J.L.G. (e-mail: ), J.R.K. (e-mail: )
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Address correspondence to J.L.G. (e-mail: ), J.R.K. (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Segar JL, Balapattabi K, Reho JJ, Grobe CC, Burnett CML, Grobe JL. Quantification of body fluid compartmentalization by combined time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance and bioimpedance spectroscopy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R44-R54. [PMID: 33085913 PMCID: PMC7847054 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00227.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of fluid compartmentalization, or the distribution of fluid volume between extracellular (ECF) and intracellular (ICF) spaces, historically requires complicated, burdensome, and often terminal methodologies that do not permit repeated or longitudinal experiments. New technologies including time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR)-based methods allow for highly accurate measurements of total body water (TBW) within minutes in a noninvasive manner, but do not permit dissection of ECF versus ICF reservoirs. In contrast, methods such as bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) allow dissection of ECF versus ICF reservoirs but are hampered by dependence on many nuanced details in data collection that undermine confidence in experimental results. Here, we present a novel combinatorial use of these two technologies (NMR/BIS) to improve the accuracy of BIS-based assessments of ECF and ICF, while maintaining the advantages of these minimally invasive methods. Briefly, mice undergo TD-NMR and BIS-based measures, and then fat masses as derived by TD-NMR are used to correct BIS outputs. Mice of the C57BL/6J background were studied using NMR/BIS methods to assess the effects of acute furosemide injection and diet-induced obesity on fluid compartmentalization, and to examine the influence of sex, body mass and composition, and diet on TBW, ECF, and ICF. We discovered that in mice, sex and body size/composition have substantial and interactive effects on fluid compartmentalization. We propose that the combinatorial use of NMR/BIS methods will enable a revisioning of the types of longitudinal, kinetic studies that can be performed to understand the impact of various interventions on body fluid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Segar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Connie C Grobe
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Colin M L Burnett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ye Y, Abu El Haija M, Morgan DA, Guo D, Song Y, Frank A, Tian L, Riedl RA, Burnett CML, Gao Z, Zhu Z, Shahi SK, Zarei K, Couvelard A, Poté N, Ribeiro-Parenti L, Bado A, Noureddine L, Bellizzi A, Kievit P, Mangalam AK, Zingman LV, Le Gall M, Grobe JL, Kaplan LM, Clegg D, Rahmouni K, Mokadem M. Endocannabinoid Receptor-1 and Sympathetic Nervous System Mediate the Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Gastric Bypass. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108270. [PMID: 33113371 PMCID: PMC7660289 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate, using a combination of direct and indirect calorimetry, an increase in total resting metabolic rate (RMR) and specifically anaerobic RMR after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), but not sleeve gastrectomy (SG). We also show an RYGB-specific increase in splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity and "browning" of visceral mesenteric fat. Consequently, selective splanchnic denervation abolishes all beneficial metabolic outcomes of gastric bypass that involve changes in the endocannabinoid signaling within the small intestine. Furthermore, we demonstrate that administration of rimonabant, an endocannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) inverse agonist, to obese mice mimics RYGB-specific effects on energy balance and splanchnic nerve activity. On the other hand, arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA), a CB1 agonist, attenuates the weight loss and metabolic signature of this procedure. These findings identify CB1 as a key player in energy regulation post-RYGB via a pathway involving the sympathetic nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marwa Abu El Haija
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Deng Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yang Song
- College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Rd., Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Aaron Frank
- The Biomedical Research Department, Diabetes and Obesity Research Division, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Beverly Hills, CA 90048, USA
| | - Liping Tian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Ruth A Riedl
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Colin M L Burnett
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Shailesh K Shahi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kasra Zarei
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Anne Couvelard
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Paris 75018, France; Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 75018, France
| | - Nicolas Poté
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Paris 75018, France; Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 75018, France
| | - Lara Ribeiro-Parenti
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Paris 75018, France; Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 75018, France
| | - André Bado
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Paris 75018, France
| | - Lama Noureddine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrew Bellizzi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Mangalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Leonid V Zingman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Orders of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Obesity Research & Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Maude Le Gall
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Paris 75018, France
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, MI 53226, USA
| | - Lee M Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Obesity, Metabolism, and Nutrition Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Deborah Clegg
- College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, 1601 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Orders of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Obesity Research & Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mohamad Mokadem
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Orders of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Obesity Research & Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Claflin KE, Sandgren JA, Lambertz AM, Weidemann BJ, Littlejohn NK, Burnett CML, Pearson NA, Morgan DA, Gibson-Corley KN, Rahmouni K, Grobe JL. Angiotensin AT1A receptors on leptin receptor-expressing cells control resting metabolism. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1414-1424. [PMID: 28263184 DOI: 10.1172/jci88641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin contributes to the control of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and blood pressure (BP) through its actions in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and angiotensin AT1 receptors within the brain are also involved in the control of RMR and BP, but whether this regulation overlaps with leptin's actions is unclear. Here, we have demonstrated the selective requirement of the AT1A receptor in leptin-mediated control of RMR. We observed that AT1A receptors colocalized with leptin receptors (LEPRs) in the ARC. Cellular coexpression of AT1A and LEPR was almost exclusive to the ARC and occurred primarily within neurons expressing agouti-related peptide (AgRP). Mice lacking the AT1A receptor specifically in LEPR-expressing cells failed to show an increase in RMR in response to a high-fat diet and deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt (DOCA-salt) treatments, but BP control remained intact. Accordingly, loss of RMR control was recapitulated in mice lacking AT1A in AgRP-expressing cells. We conclude that angiotensin activates divergent mechanisms to control BP and RMR and that the brain RAS functions as a major integrator for RMR control through its actions at leptin-sensitive AgRP cells of the ARC.
Collapse
|
9
|
Weidemann BJ, Voong S, Morales-Santiago FI, Kahn MZ, Ni J, Littlejohn NK, Claflin KE, Burnett CML, Pearson NA, Lutter ML, Grobe JL. Dietary Sodium Suppresses Digestive Efficiency via the Renin-Angiotensin System. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11123. [PMID: 26068176 PMCID: PMC4464075 DOI: 10.1038/srep11123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fats and sodium are both palatable and are hypothesized to synergistically contribute to ingestive behavior and thereby obesity. Contrary to this hypothesis, C57BL/6J mice fed a 45% high fat diet exhibited weight gain that was inhibited by increased dietary sodium content. This suppressive effect of dietary sodium upon weight gain was mediated specifically through a reduction in digestive efficiency, with no effects on food intake behavior, physical activity, or resting metabolism. Replacement of circulating angiotensin II levels reversed the effects of high dietary sodium to suppress digestive efficiency. While the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan had no effect in mice fed low sodium, the AT2 receptor antagonist PD-123,319 suppressed digestive efficiency. Correspondingly, genetic deletion of the AT2 receptor in FVB/NCrl mice resulted in suppressed digestive efficiency even on a standard chow diet. Together these data underscore the importance of digestive efficiency in the pathogenesis of obesity, and implicate dietary sodium, the renin-angiotensin system, and the AT2 receptor in the control of digestive efficiency regardless of mouse strain or macronutrient composition of the diet. These findings highlight the need for greater understanding of nutrient absorption control physiology, and prompt more uniform assessment of digestive efficiency in animal studies of energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Voong
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Michael Z Kahn
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jonathan Ni
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael L Lutter
- 1] Departments of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. [2] The Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. [3] The Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Justin L Grobe
- 1] Departments of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. [2] The Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. [3] The Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. [4] The Center for Hypertension Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Burnett CML, Grobe JL. Dietary effects on resting metabolic rate in C57BL/6 mice are differentially detected by indirect (O2/CO2 respirometry) and direct calorimetry. Mol Metab 2014; 3:460-4. [PMID: 24944905 PMCID: PMC4060218 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) studies frequently involve genetically-manipulated mice and high fat diets (HFD). We hypothesize that the use of inadequate methods impedes the identification of novel regulators of RMR. This idea was tested by simultaneously measuring RMR by direct calorimetry and respirometry in C57BL/6J mice fed chow, 45% HFD, and then returned to chow. Comparing results during chow feeding uncovered an underestimation of RMR by respirometry (0.010 ± 0.001 kcal/h, P < 0.05), which is equivalent in magnitude to ∼2% of total daily caloric turnover. RMR during 45% HFD feeding was increased by respirometry (+0.013 ± 0.003 kcal/h, P < 0.05), but not direct calorimetry (+0.001 ± 0.002 kcal/h). Both methods indicated that return to chow reduced RMR compared to HFD, though direct calorimetry indicated a reduction below the initial chow fed state (−0.019 ± 0.004 kcal/h versus baseline, P < 0.05) that was not detected by respirometry (−0.003 ± 0.002 kcal/h versus baseline). These results highlight method-specific interpretations of the effects of dietary interventions upon RMR in mice, and prompt the reevaluation of preclinical screening methods used to identify novel RMR modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin M L Burnett
- Department of Pharmacology, The Obesity Research and Education Initiative, The Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, The François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, and The Center on Functional Genomics of Hypertension, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Pharmacology, The Obesity Research and Education Initiative, The Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, The François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, and The Center on Functional Genomics of Hypertension, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Substantial research efforts have been aimed at identifying novel targets to increase resting metabolic rate (RMR) as an adjunct approach to the treatment of obesity. Respirometry (one form of "indirect calorimetry") is unquestionably the dominant technique used in the obesity research field to assess RMR in vivo, although this method relies upon a lengthy list of assumptions that are likely to be violated in pharmacologically or genetically manipulated animals. A "total" calorimeter, including a gradient layer direct calorimeter coupled to a conventional respirometer, was used to test the accuracy of respirometric-based estimations of RMR in laboratory mice (Mus musculus Linnaeus) of the C57Bl/6 and FVB background strains. Using this combined calorimeter, we determined that respirometry underestimates RMR of untreated 9- to 12-wk-old male mice by ∼10-12%. Quantitative and qualitative differences resulted between methods for untreated C57Bl/6 and FVB mice, C57Bl/6 mice treated with ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, and FVB mice with genetic deletion of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor. We conclude that respirometric methods underestimate RMR in mice in a magnitude that is similar to or greater than the desired RMR effects of novel therapeutics. Sole reliance upon respirometry to assess RMR in mice may lead to false quantitative and qualitative conclusions regarding the effects of novel interventions. Increased use of direct calorimetry for the assessment of RMR and confirmation of respirometry results and the reexamination of previously discarded potential obesity therapeutics are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin M L Burnett
- Department of Pharmacology, Center on Functional Genomics of Hypertension, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and The Obesity Research and Education Initiative, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | |
Collapse
|