Metabolic effects of an oral carbohydrate-whey protein supplement after fasting in volunteers: A randomized controlled crossover trial

OBJECTIVE

Oral supplements containing carbohydrates (CHOs) can be used to reduce preoperative fasting time. The aim of this study was to investigate the early metabolic and acute phase responses to a clear, oral supplement containing CHO and whey protein (WP) in young, healthy volunteers during a fasting-induced organic response.

METHODS

In this controlled crossover clinical trial, volunteers were randomized into groups after a 12-h fast: the CHO+WP group consumed 200 mL CHO enriched with WP (n = 30); the CHO group members consumed 200 mL water plus maltodextrin (n = 30), and the Fast group was fasted only (n = 30). Blood samples were collected after fasting and 3 h after ingestion of the supplement. The samples were analyzed for glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, C-reactive protein, β-hydroxybutyrate, triacylglycerols, albumin, chlorine, and sodium. After 7 d, the groups were inverted, so all volunteers entered the three groups.

RESULTS

The nutritional intervention did not change the biochemical parameters related to the acute phase response or insulin resistance; however, there was a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.001) in serum β-hydroxybutyrate in the CHO+WP group (0.05 ± 0.08 mmol/L) compared with the other two groups (Fast group: 0.11 ± 0.08 mmol/L; CHO group: 0.09 ± 0.13 mmol/L).

CONCLUSIONS

After overnight fasting, the oral supplement containing CHO and WP decreased ketosis. These findings may help select the most efficient oral supplement to be given 2 to 3 h before elective surgeries.

Prevalence of molecular and serological tests of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Carlos Chagas laboratory - Sabin group in Cuiabá

BACKGROUND

Coronavirus disease 2019, which is caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, became a pandemic in 2020 with a mortality rate of 2% and high transmissibility, thus making studies with an epidemiological profile essential.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to characterize the population that performed the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 molecular and serological tests in Carlos Chagas Laboratory - Sabin Group in Cuiabá.

METHODS

A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out with all the samples collected from nasal swab tested by RT-PCR and serological for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 IgM/IgG from the population served between April and December 2020.

FINDINGS

In the analysis period, 23,631 PCR-coronavirus disease 2019 examinations were registered. Of this total number of cases, 7,649 (32.37%) tested positive, while 15,982 (66.31%) did not detect viral RNA and 374 of the results as undetermined. The peak of positive RT-PCR performed in July (n=5,878), with 35.65% (n=2,096). A total of 8,884 tests were performed on serological test SOROVID-19, with a peak of 1,169 (57.16%) of the positive tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in July.

MAIN CONCLUSIONS

Molecular positivity and serological tests, both peaked in July 2020, were mostly present in women aged 20-59 years, characterizing Cuiabá as the epicenter of the Midwest region in this period due to the high rate of transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Structural and Microbiological Analysis of Children’s Pacifiers Served in Public Health Service and Nursery

AbstractDespite the advances and advantages of breastfeeding, the non-nutritive sucking habit, especially that represented by the use of pacifiers, is still common in Brazilian children. It is estimated that two thirds of children will receive bottles and pacifiers at some point in the first year of life. The frequency of use and the possibility of contamination by harmful microorganisms may lead to the development of opportunistic infections affecting the children’s health. The objective of the study was to conduct a microbiological and structural analysis of pacifiers for children treated in public services and daycare centers. A cross-sectional study was carried out with pacifiers for children aged 6 to 36 months. The collected pacifier was placed in a sterile individualized container and transferred to the laboratory for analysis. The children’s pacifiers who are cared for in public health services and day care centers are contaminated not only the dirty ones but also the visually clean ones. The potentially pathogenic microorganisms found were mainly fungi and bacteria, Candida, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas, respectively. Keywords: Pacifiers. Microbiology. Child Health. ResumoApesar dos avanços e vantagens da amamentação, o hábito de sucção não nutritiva, principalmente o representado pelo uso de chupetas, ainda é comum nas crianças Brasileiras. Estima-se que dois terços das crianças receberão mamadeiras e chupetas em algum momento no primeiro ano de vida. À frequência de uso e a possibilidade de contaminação por microrganismos nocivos podem levar ao desenvolvimento de infecções oportunistas prejudicando a saúde das crianças. O Objetivo do estudo doi fazer análise microbiológica e estrutural das chupetas de crianças atendidas em serviços públicos e creches. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com chupetas de crianças na faixa etária entre 6 a 36 meses de idade. A chupeta recolhida foi acondicionada em recipiente individualizado estéril e transferida ao laboratório para analises. As chupetas das crianças que são atendidas em serviços de saúde pública e creches estão contaminadas tanto as sujas quanto as visualmente limpas. Os microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos encontrados foram principalmente fungos e bactérias, respectivamente Candida, Streptocuccus e Pseudomonas. Palavras-chave: Chupetas. Microbiologia. Saúde da Criança.