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Ponz-Lueza V, Lopiz Y, Rodríguez-Bobada C, Tornero-Esteban P, Arvinius C, García-Fernández C, Seara-Lifante D, Rojo-Pérez FJ, Marco F. Efficacy of transplantation of lipoaspired mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of chronic rotator cuff tears. Experimental model in rats. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2024; 68:9-17. [PMID: 37230410 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Rotator cuff tears emerge in approximately 30% of the population over 60 years of age. Arthroscopic surgical treatment of these lesions is the treatment of choice, however, despite the improved repair techniques, the rate of re-tears ranges between 11 and 94%. Therefore, researchers seek to improve the biological healing process through the use of different alternatives such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Our objective is to evaluate the efficacy of a Cellular Therapy Drug made from allogeneic stem cells derived from adipose tissue in a rat model of chronic rotator cuff injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS The supraspinatus lesion was created in 48 rats for subsequent suturing at 4 weeks. MSCs in suspension were added to 24 animals after suturing, and HypoThermosol-FRS® (HTS) to 24 animals as a control group. Histology (Åström and Rausing scale) and the maximum load, displacement and elastic constant of the supraspinatus tendon were analyzed in both groups 4 months after the repair. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found in the histological score comparing the tendons treated with MSCs with respect to the tendons treated with HTS (P=.811) nor in the results of maximum load (P=.770), displacement (P=.852) or elastic constant (P=.669) of the tendon in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The addition of adipose-derived cells in suspension to the repair of a chronic cuff injury does not improve the histology or biomechanics of the sutured tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ponz-Lueza
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España.
| | - Y Lopiz
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - C Rodríguez-Bobada
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - P Tornero-Esteban
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, España
| | - C Arvinius
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - C García-Fernández
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - D Seara-Lifante
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Madrid, España; Univerdad Politécnica, Silk Biomed S.L., Madrid, España
| | | | - F Marco
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
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Ponz-Lueza V, Lopiz Y, Rodríguez-Bobada C, Tornero-Esteban P, Arvinius C, García-Fernández C, Seara-Lifante D, Rojo-Pérez FJ, Marco F. [Translated article] Efficacy of transplantation of lipoaspired mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of chronic rotator cuff tears. Experimental model in rats. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2024; 68:T9-T17. [PMID: 37992858 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Rotator cuff tears emerge in approximately 30% of the population over 60 years of age. Arthroscopic surgical treatment of these lesions is the treatment of choice, however, despite the improved repair techniques, the rate of re-tears ranges between 11 and 94%. Therefore, researchers seek to improve the biological healing process through the use of different alternatives such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Our objective is to evaluate the efficacy of a cellular therapy drug made from allogeneic stem cells derived from adipose tissue in a rat model of chronic rotator cuff injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS The supraspinatus lesion was created in 48 rats for subsequent suturing at 4 weeks. MSCs in suspension were added to 24 animals after suturing, and HypoThermosol-FRS® (HTS) to 24 animals as a control group. Histology (Åström and Rausing scale) and the maximum load, displacement and elastic constant of the supraspinatus tendon were analysed in both groups 4 months after the repair. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found in the histological score comparing the tendons treated with MSCs with respect to the tendons treated with HTS (P=0.811) nor in the results of maximum load (P=0.770), displacement (P=0.852) or elastic constant (P=0.669) of the tendon in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The addition of adipose-derived cells in suspension to the repair of a chronic cuff injury does not improve the histology or biomechanics of the sutured tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ponz-Lueza
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Y Lopiz
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Rodríguez-Bobada
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Tornero-Esteban
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Arvinius
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - C García-Fernández
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Seara-Lifante
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Madrid, Spain; Univerdad Politécnica, Silk Biomed S.L., Madrid, Spain
| | | | - F Marco
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Arvinius C, Civantos A, Rodríguez-Bobada C, Rojo FJ, Pérez-Gallego D, Lopiz Y, Marco F. Enhancement of in vivo supraspinatus tendon-to-bone healing with an alginate-chitin scaffold and rhBMP-2. Injury 2021; 52:78-84. [PMID: 33223258 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rotator cuff disorders present a high retear rate despite advances in surgical treatment. Tissue engineering could therefore be interesting in order to try to enhance a more biological repair. RhBMP-2 is one of the most osteogenic growth factors and it also induces the formation of collagen type I. However, it has a short half-life and in order to get a more stable release over time it could be integrated in a more slowly degradable carrier, such as an alginate-chitin scaffold. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the alginate-chitin scaffold alone and in combination with different concentrations of rhBMP-2 when applied on chronic rotator cuff lesions in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed an experimental study with 80 Sprague-Dawley rats, 8 months old, with a chronic rupture of the supraspinatus tendon that was repaired with a modified Mason Allen suture. A scaffold was applied over the suture and 4 groups were obtained; suture (S) only suture, double control (DC) alginate and chitin scaffold, single sample (SS) scaffold of alginate with rhBMP-2 (20 µg rhBMP-2) and chitin, double sample (DS) a scaffold containing alginate with rhBMP-2 and chitin with rhBMP-2 (40 µg rhBMP-2). Macroscopic, histological and biomechanical studies were performed at 4 months after reparation. RESULTS The modified Åström and Rausing's histological scale (the higher the score the worse outcome, 0 points=native tendon) was applied: S got 52 points compared to DC 30 (p = 0,034), SS 22 (p = 0,009) and DS 16 (p = 0,010). Biomechanically the maximum load was highest in DC (63,05 N), followed by DS (61,60 N), SS (52,35 N) and S (51,08), p = 0,025 DS vs S. As to the elastic constant a higher value was obtained in DC (16,65), DS (12,55) and SS (12,20) compared to S (9,33), p = 0,009 DC vs S and 0,034 DS vs S. CONCLUSIONS The alginate-chitin scaffold seems to promote a more biological response after the reparation of a chronic rotator cuff lesion. Its effect is further enhanced by the addition of rhBMP-2 since the osteotendinous junction is more native-like and has better biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Arvinius
- Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Unit, Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Civantos
- Tissue Regeneration Group, Biofunctional Studies Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (IEB-UCM), Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel Pérez-Gallego
- Department of Materials Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaiza Lopiz
- Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Unit, Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Marco
- Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Unit, Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Gutiérrez-Calabrés E, Ortega-Hernández A, Modrego J, Gómez-Gordo R, Caro-Vadillo A, Rodríguez-Bobada C, González P, Gómez-Garre D. Gut Microbiota Profile Identifies Transition From Compensated Cardiac Hypertrophy to Heart Failure in Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension 2020; 76:1545-1554. [PMID: 32921194 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcirculatory alterations displayed by patients with heart failure (HF) induce structural and functional intestinal changes that may affect normal gut microbial community. At the same time, gut microbiota can influence pathological mechanisms implicated in HF progression. However, it is unknown whether gut microbiota dysbiosis can precede the development of cardiac alterations in HF or it is only a mere consequence. Our aim was to investigate the potential relationship between gut microbiota composition and HF development by comparing spontaneously hypertensive heart failure and spontaneously hypertensive rat models. Gut microbiota from spontaneously hypertensive heart failure, spontaneously hypertensive rat, and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats at 9 and 19 months of age was analyzed by sequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, and KEGG metabolic pathways associated to 16S profiles were predicted. Beta diversity, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, taxonomic abundances, and potential metabolic functions of gut microbiota were significantly different in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure with respect to spontaneously hypertensive rat before (9 months) and after (19 months) cardiac differences were presented. Nine-month-old spontaneously hypertensive heart failure showed a significant increase in the genera Paraprevotella, Oscillospira, Prevotella 9, Faecalitalea, Faecalibacterium, Ruminiclostridium 6, Phascolarctobacterium, Butyrivibrio, Parasutterella, and Parabacteroides compared with both Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rat, while Ruminiclostridium 9, Oscillibacter, Ruminiclostridium, Mucispirillum, Intestinimonas, and Akkermansia were diminished. Of them, Akkermansia, Prevotella 9, Paraprevotella, and Phascolarctobaterium were associated to changes in cardiac structure and function. Our results demonstrate an association between specific changes in gut microbiota and the development of HF in a hypertensive model of HF and further support the intervention to restore gut microbiota as an innovative therapeutic strategy for preventing HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gutiérrez-Calabrés
- From the Microbiota and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain (E.G.-C., A.O.-H., J.M., R.G.-G., D.G.-G.)
| | - Adriana Ortega-Hernández
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (J.M., D.G.-G.)
| | - Javier Modrego
- From the Microbiota and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain (E.G.-C., A.O.-H., J.M., R.G.-G., D.G.-G.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (J.M., D.G.-G.)
| | - Rubén Gómez-Gordo
- From the Microbiota and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain (E.G.-C., A.O.-H., J.M., R.G.-G., D.G.-G.)
| | - Alicia Caro-Vadillo
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (A.C.-V.)
| | - Cruz Rodríguez-Bobada
- Unit of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-IdISSC, Madrid, Spain (C.R.-B., P.G.)
| | - Pablo González
- Unit of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-IdISSC, Madrid, Spain (C.R.-B., P.G.)
| | - Dulcenombre Gómez-Garre
- From the Microbiota and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain (E.G.-C., A.O.-H., J.M., R.G.-G., D.G.-G.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (J.M., D.G.-G.)
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Alfonso-Almazán JM, Quintanilla JG, García-Torrent MJ, Laguna-Castro S, Rodríguez-Bobada C, González P, González-Ferrer JJ, Salinas P, Cañadas-Godoy V, Moreno J, Borrego-Bernabé L, Pérez-Castellano N, Jalife J, Perez-Villacastín J, Filgueiras-Rama D. Lesion Index Titration Using Contact-Force Technology Enables Safe and Effective Radiofrequency Lesion Creation at the Root of the Aorta and Pulmonary Artery. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2019; 12:e007080. [PMID: 30879334 PMCID: PMC6426438 DOI: 10.1161/circep.118.007080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ablation of some myocardial substrates requires catheter-based radiofrequency delivery at the root of a great artery. We studied the safety and efficacy parameters associated with catheter-based radiofrequency delivery at the root of the aorta and pulmonary artery. METHODS Thirty-six pigs underwent in-vivo catheter-based ablation under continuous contact-force and lesion index (power, contact-force, and time) monitoring during 60-s radiofrequency delivery with an open-irrigated tip catheter. Twenty-eight animals were allocated to groups receiving 40 W (n=9), 50 W (n=10), or 60 W (n=9) radiofrequency energy, and acute (n=22) and chronic (n=6) arterial wall damage was quantified by multiphoton microscopy in ex vivo samples. Adjacent myocardial lesions were quantified in parallel samples. The remaining 8 pigs were used to validate safety and efficacy parameters. RESULTS Acute collagen and elastin alterations were significantly associated with radiofrequency power, although chronic assessment revealed vascular wall recovery in lesions without steam pop. The main parameters associated with steam pops were median peak temperature >42°C and impedance falls >23 ohms. Unlike other parameters, lesion index values of 9.1 units (interquartile range, 8.7-9.8) were associated with the presence of adjacent myocardial lesions in both univariate ( P=0.03) and multivariate analyses ( P=0.049; odds ratio, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.02-3.98). In the validation group, lesion index values using 40 W over a range of contact-forces correlated with the size of radiofrequency lesions (R2=0.57; P=0.03), with no angiographic or histopathologic signs of coronary artery damage. CONCLUSIONS Lesion index values obtained during 40 W radiofrequency applications reliably monitor safe and effective lesion creation at the root of the great arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Alfonso-Almazán
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Carlos III (CNIC), Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (J.M.A.-A., J.G.Q., S.L.-C., J.J., D.F.-R.)
| | - Jorge G Quintanilla
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Carlos III (CNIC), Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (J.M.A.-A., J.G.Q., S.L.-C., J.J., D.F.-R.).,Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., P.S., V.C.-G., L.B.-B., N.P.-C., J.P.-V.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., V.C.-G., J.M., N.P.-C., J.J., J.P.-V., D.F.-R.)
| | | | - Santiago Laguna-Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Carlos III (CNIC), Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (J.M.A.-A., J.G.Q., S.L.-C., J.J., D.F.-R.)
| | - Cruz Rodríguez-Bobada
- Experimental Medicine and Surgery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) (C.R.-B., P.G.)
| | - Pablo González
- Experimental Medicine and Surgery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) (C.R.-B., P.G.)
| | - Juan José González-Ferrer
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., P.S., V.C.-G., L.B.-B., N.P.-C., J.P.-V.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., V.C.-G., J.M., N.P.-C., J.J., J.P.-V., D.F.-R.)
| | - Pablo Salinas
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., P.S., V.C.-G., L.B.-B., N.P.-C., J.P.-V.)
| | - Victoria Cañadas-Godoy
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., P.S., V.C.-G., L.B.-B., N.P.-C., J.P.-V.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., V.C.-G., J.M., N.P.-C., J.J., J.P.-V., D.F.-R.)
| | - Javier Moreno
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., V.C.-G., J.M., N.P.-C., J.J., J.P.-V., D.F.-R.).,Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Department of Cardiology, Madrid, Spain (J.M.)
| | - Luis Borrego-Bernabé
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., P.S., V.C.-G., L.B.-B., N.P.-C., J.P.-V.)
| | - Nicasio Pérez-Castellano
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., P.S., V.C.-G., L.B.-B., N.P.-C., J.P.-V.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., V.C.-G., J.M., N.P.-C., J.J., J.P.-V., D.F.-R.)
| | - José Jalife
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Carlos III (CNIC), Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (J.M.A.-A., J.G.Q., S.L.-C., J.J., D.F.-R.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., V.C.-G., J.M., N.P.-C., J.J., J.P.-V., D.F.-R.).,Center for Arrhythmia Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (J.J.)
| | - Julián Perez-Villacastín
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., P.S., V.C.-G., L.B.-B., N.P.-C., J.P.-V.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., V.C.-G., J.M., N.P.-C., J.J., J.P.-V., D.F.-R.).,Fundación Interhospitalaria para la Investigación Cardiovascular (FIC) (M.J.G.-T., J.P.-V.)
| | - David Filgueiras-Rama
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Carlos III (CNIC), Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (J.M.A.-A., J.G.Q., S.L.-C., J.J., D.F.-R.).,Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., P.S., V.C.-G., L.B.-B., N.P.-C., J.P.-V.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (J.G.Q., J.J.G.-F., V.C.-G., J.M., N.P.-C., J.J., J.P.-V., D.F.-R.)
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Rancan L, Paredes SD, García C, González P, Rodríguez-Bobada C, Calvo-Soto M, Hyacinthe B, Vara E, Tresguerres JAF. Comparison of the Effect of Melatonin Treatment before and after Brain Ischemic Injury in the Inflammatory and Apoptotic Response in Aged Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072097. [PMID: 30029514 PMCID: PMC6073988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increase in stroke risk. Melatonin, a potent free radical scavenger and broad spectrum antioxidant, has been shown to counteract inflammation and apoptosis in brain injury. However, little is known on the possible protective effects of melatonin in aged individuals affected by brain ischemia. Also, using melatonin before or after an ischemic stroke may result in significantly different molecular outcomes. The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of pre-ischemia vs. post-ischemia melatonin administration in an ischemic lesion in the cortex and hippocampus of senescent Wistar rats. An obstruction of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) to 18-month-old animals was performed. In general, animals treated with melatonin from 24 h prior to surgery until 7 days after the surgical procedure (PrevT) experienced a significant decrease in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) in both cortex and hippocampus, while hippocampal levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) increased. Treatment of animals with melatonin only after surgery (AT) resulted in similar effects, but to a lesser extent than in the PrevT group. In any case, melatonin acted as a valuable therapeutic agent protecting aged animals from the harmful effects of cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rancan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio D Paredes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cruz García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo González
- Research Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Mario Calvo-Soto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bryan Hyacinthe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Vara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús A F Tresguerres
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Corcuera MT, Rodríguez-Bobada C, Zuloaga J, Gómez-Aguado F, Rodríguez-Perez R, Mendizabal Á, González P, Arias-Díaz J, Caballero ML. Exploring tumourigenic potential of the parasite Anisakis: a pilot study. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3127-3136. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Paredes SD, Rancan L, Kireev R, González A, Louzao P, González P, Rodríguez-Bobada C, García C, Vara E, Tresguerres JAF. Melatonin Counteracts at a Transcriptional Level the Inflammatory and Apoptotic Response Secondary to Ischemic Brain Injury Induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Blockade in Aging Rats. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:407-16. [PMID: 26594596 PMCID: PMC4642830 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging increases oxidative stress and inflammation. Melatonin counteracts inflammation and apoptosis. This study investigated the possible protective effect of melatonin on the inflammatory and apoptotic response secondary to ischemia induced by blockade of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) in aging male Wistar rats. Animals were subjected to MCA obstruction. After 24 h or 7 days of procedure, 14-month-old nontreated and treated rats with a daily dose of 10 mg/kg melatonin were sacrificed and right and left hippocampus and cortex were collected. Rats aged 2 and 6 months, respectively, were subjected to the same brain injury protocol, but they were not treated with melatonin. mRNA expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and sirtuin 1 was measured by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. In nontreated animals, a significant time-dependent increase in IL-1β, TNF-α, BAD, and BAX was observed in the ischemic area of both hippocampus and cortex, and to a lesser extent in the contralateral hemisphere. Hippocampal GFAP was also significantly elevated, while Bcl-2 and sirtuin 1 decreased significantly in response to ischemia. Aging aggravated these changes. Melatonin administration was able to reverse significantly these alterations. In conclusion, melatonin may ameliorate the age-dependent inflammatory and apoptotic response secondary to ischemic cerebral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Paredes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisa Rancan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Roman Kireev
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Vigo, SERGAS, Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Rebullón (CHUVI) , Vigo, Spain
| | - Alberto González
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Louzao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo González
- Experimental Medicine and Surgery Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos , Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cruz García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús A F Tresguerres
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
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9
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Quintanilla JG, Moreno J, Archondo T, Usandizaga E, Molina-Morúa R, Rodríguez-Bobada C, González P, García-Torrent MJ, Filgueiras-Rama D, Pérez-Castellano N, Macaya C, Pérez-Villacastín J. Increased intraventricular pressures are as harmful as the electrophysiological substrate of heart failure in favoring sustained reentry in the swine heart. Heart Rhythm 2015; 12:2172-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Tornero-Esteban P, Hoyas JA, Villafuertes E, Rodríguez-Bobada C, López-Gordillo Y, Rojo FJ, Guinea GV, Paleczny A, Lópiz-Morales Y, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Marco F, Fernández-Gutiérrez B. Efficacy of supraspinatus tendon repair using mesenchymal stem cells along with a collagen I scaffold. J Orthop Surg Res 2015; 10:124. [PMID: 26268217 PMCID: PMC4535284 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-015-0269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our main objective was to biologically improve rotator cuff healing in an elderly rat model using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combination with a collagen membrane and compared against other current techniques. METHODS A chronic rotator cuff tear injury model was developed by unilaterally detaching the supraspinatus (SP) tendons of Sprague-Dawley rats. At 1 month postinjury, the tears were repaired using one of the following techniques: (a) classical surgery using sutures (n = 12), (b) type I collagen membranes (n = 15), and (c) type I collagen membranes + 1 × 106 allogeneic MSCs (n = 14). Lesion restoration was evaluated at 1, 2, and 3 months postinjury based on biomechanical criteria. Continuous variables were described using mean and standard deviation (SD). To analyse the effect of the different surgical treatments in the repaired tendons' biomechanical capabilities (maximum load, stiffness, and deformity), a two-way ANOVA model was used, introducing an interaction between such factor and time (1, 2, and 3 months postinjury). RESULTS With regard to maximum load, we observed an almost significant interaction between treatment and time (F = 2.62, df = 4, p = 0.053). When we analysed how this biomechanical capability changed with time for each treatment, we observed that repair with OrthADAPT and MSCs was associated with a significant increase in maximum load (p = 0.04) between months 1 and 3. On the other hand, when we compared the different treatments among themselves at different time points, we observed that the repair with OrthADAPT and MSCs has associated with a significant higher maximum load, when compared with the use of suture, but only at 3 months (p = 0.014). With regard to stiffness and deformity, no significant interaction was observed (F = 1.68, df = 4, p = 0.18; F = 0.40, df = 4, p = 0.81; respectively). CONCLUSIONS The implantation of MSCs along with a collagen I scaffold into surgically created tendon defects is safe and effective. MSCs improved the tendon's maximum load over time, indicating that MSCs could help facilitate the dynamic process of tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Tornero-Esteban
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Hoyas
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Villafuertes
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cruz Rodríguez-Bobada
- Dpto de Medicina y Cirugía Experimentales, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yamila López-Gordillo
- Dpto de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina Universidad, Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rojo
- Dpto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Dpto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Paleczny
- Dpto de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaiza Lópiz-Morales
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Marco
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Quintanilla JG, Moreno J, Archondo T, Chin A, Pérez-Castellano N, Usandizaga E, García-Torrent MJ, Molina-Morúa R, González P, Rodríguez-Bobada C, Macaya C, Pérez-Villacastín J. KATP channel opening accelerates and stabilizes rotors in a swine heart model of ventricular fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:576-85. [PMID: 23612586 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The mechanisms underlying ventricular fibrillation (VF) are still disputed. Recent studies have highlighted the role of KATP-channels. We hypothesized that, under certain conditions, VF can be driven by stable and epicardially detectable rotors in large hearts. To test our hypothesis, we used a swine model of accelerated VF by opening KATP-channels with cromakalim. METHODS AND RESULTS Optical mapping, spectral analysis, and phase singularity tracking were performed in eight perfused swine hearts during VF. Pseudo-bipolar electrograms were computed. KATP-channel opening almost doubled the maximum dominant frequency (14.3 ± 2.2 vs. 26.5 ± 2.8 Hz, P < 0.001) and increased the maximum regularity index (0.82 ± 0.05 vs. 0.94 ± 0.04, P < 0.001), the density of rotors (2.0 ± 1.4 vs. 16.0 ± 7.0 rotors/cm²×s, P < 0.001), and their maximum lifespans (medians: 368 vs. ≥3410 ms, P < 0.001). Persistent rotors (≥1 movie = 3410 ms) were found in all hearts after cromakalim (mostly coinciding with the fastest and highest organized areas), but they were not epicardially visible at baseline VF. A 'beat phenomenon' ruled by inter-domain frequency gradients was observed in all hearts after cromakalim. Acceleration of VF did not reveal any significant regional preponderance. Complex fractionated electrograms were not found in areas near persistent rotors. CONCLUSION Upon KATP-channel opening, VF consisted of rapid and highly organized domains mainly due to stationary rotors, surrounded by poorly organized areas. A 'beat phenomenon' due to the quasi-periodic onset of drifting rotors was observed. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of a VF driven by stable rotors in hearts whose size is similar to the human heart. Our model also showed that complex fractionation does not seem to localize stationary rotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Quintanilla
- Optical Mapping Laboratory, Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiovascular Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), CP 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Martínez-Álvarez C, González-Meli B, Berenguer-Froehner B, Paradas-Lara I, López-Gordillo Y, Rodríguez-Bobada C, González P, Chamorro M, Arias P, Hilborn J, Casado-Gómez I, Martínez-Sanz E. Injection and adhesion palatoplasty: a preliminary study in a canine model. J Surg Res 2013; 183:654-62. [PMID: 23541812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raising mucoperiosteal flaps in traditional palatoplasty impairs mid-facial growth. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels have been successfully tested for minimally invasive craniofacial bone generation in vivo as carriers of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). We aimed to develop a novel flapless technique for cleft palate repair by injecting a BMP-2 containing hydrogel. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dog pups with congenital cleft palate were either non-treated (n=4) or treated with two-flap palatoplasty (n=6) or with the proposed injection/adhesion technique (n=5). The experimental approach was to inject a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel containing hydroxyapatite and BMP-2 subperiosteally at the cleft palate margins of pups aged six weeks. At week ten, a thin strip of the medial edge mucosa was removed and the margins were closed directly. Occlusal photographs and computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained up to week 20. RESULTS Four weeks after the gel injection the cleft palate margins had reached the midline and engineered bone had enlarged the palatal bones. Removal of the medial edge mucosa and suturing allowed complete closure of the cleft. Compared to traditional palatoplasty, the injection/adhesion technique was easier, and the post-surgical recovery was faster. CT on week 20 revealed some overlapping or "bending" of palatal shelves in the two-flap repair group, which was not observed in the experimental nor control groups. CONCLUSION A minimally invasive technique for cleft palate repair upon injectable scaffolds in a dog model of congenital cleft palate is feasible. Results suggest better growth of palatal bones. This represents an attractive clinical alternative to traditional palatoplasty for cleft palate patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Martínez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Paradas-Lara I, Casado-Gómez I, Martín C, Martínez-Sanz E, López-Gordillo Y, González P, Rodríguez-Bobada C, Chamorro M, Arias P, Maldonado E, Ortega R, Berenguer B, Martínez-Álvarez C. Maxillary growth in a congenital cleft palate canine model for surgical research. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 42:13-21. [PMID: 23434237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently presented the Old Spanish Pointer dog, with a 15-20% spontaneous congenital cleft palate rate, as a unique experimental model of this disease. This study aimed to describe the cleft palate of these dogs for surgical research purposes and to determine whether congenital cleft palate influences maxillofacial growth. Seven newborn Old Spanish Pointer dogs of both sexes, comprising a cleft palate group (n = 4) and a normal palate group (n = 3), were fed using the same technique. Macroscopic photographs and plaster casts from the palate, lateral radiographs and computer tomograms of the skull were taken sequentially over 41 weeks, starting at week 5. The cleft morphology, the size and the tissue characteristics in these dogs resembled the human cleft better than current available animal models. During growth, the cleft width varies. Most of the transverse and longitudinal measures of the palate were statistically lower in the cleft palate group. The cleft palate group showed hypoplasia of the naso-maxillary complex. This model of congenital cleft palate seems suitable for surgical research purposes. A reduced maxillofacial pre- and post-natal development is associated to the congenital cleft palate in the Old Spanish Pointer dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Paradas-Lara
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Casado-Gómez
- Departamento de Estomatología IV, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Conchita Martín
- Departamento de Estomatología IV, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Sanz
- Servicio Aragonés de Salud, Atención Primaria, Sector Zaragoza III, 50500 Tarazona, Spain
| | - Yamila López-Gordillo
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo González
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Experimentales, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Profesor Martín Lago s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cruz Rodríguez-Bobada
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Experimentales, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Profesor Martín Lago s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Chamorro
- Policlínica Veterinaria, Centro Militar de Veterinaria, Ministerio de la Defensa de España, Darío Gazapo 3, 28024 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Arias
- Policlínica Veterinaria, Centro Militar de Veterinaria, Ministerio de la Defensa de España, Darío Gazapo 3, 28024 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Maldonado
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Ortega
- Departamento de Estomatología III, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Berenguer
- Servicio de Cirugía Plástica Infantil, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Martínez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Medicina, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Martínez-Sanz E, Casado-Gómez I, Martín C, López-Gordillo Y, González P, Rodríguez-Bobada C, Paradas I, González-Meli B, Maldonado E, Maestro C, Prados JC, Martínez-Álvarez C. A new technique for feeding dogs with a congenital cleft palate for surgical research. Lab Anim 2011; 45:70-80. [PMID: 21357699 DOI: 10.1258/la.2010.010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In humans, cleft palate (CP) is one of the most common malformations. Although surgeons use palatoplasty to close CP defects in children, its consequences for subsequent facial growth have prompted investigations into other novel surgical alternatives. The animal models of CP used to evaluate new surgical treatments are frequently obtained by creating surgically induced clefts in adult dogs. This procedure has been ethically criticized due to its severity and questionable value as an animal model for human CP. Dogs born with a congenital CP would be much better for this purpose, provided they developed CP at a sufficient rate and could be fed. Up until now, feeding these pups carried the risk of aspiration pneumonia, while impeding normal suckling and chewing, and thus compromising orofacial growth. We developed a technique for feeding dog pups with CP from birth to the time of surgery using two old Spanish pointer dog pups bearing a complete CP. This dog strain develops CP in 15-20% of the offspring spontaneously. Custom-made feeding teats and palatal prostheses adapted to the pups' palates were made from thermoplastic plates. This feeding technique allowed lactation, eating and drinking in the pups with CP, with only sporadic rhinitis. To determine whether the use of this palatal prosthesis interferes with palatal growth, the palates of three littermate German shorthaired pointer pups without CP, either wearing or not wearing (controls) the prosthesis, were measured. The results showed that the permanent use of this prosthesis does not impede palatal growth in the pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martínez-Sanz
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense, s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Moreno J, Quintanilla JG, López-Farré A, Archondo T, Cervigón R, Aragoncillo P, Usandizaga E, Silva J, Rodríguez-Bobada C, Rojo JL, Pérez-Castellano N, Mironov S, Mont L, Pérez de Prada T, Macaya C, Pérez-Villacastín J. Skeletal myoblast implants induce minor propagation delays, but do not promote arrhythmias in the normal swine heart. Europace 2010; 12:1637-44. [PMID: 20675673 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euq278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Whether skeletal myoblast (SM) implants are proarrhythmic is still controversial due to conflicting pre-clinical and clinical data. We hypothesized that if SM implants are arrhythmogenic, they will facilitate the induction of ventricular tachyarrhythmias by promoting heterogeneous propagation of activation wavefronts. METHODS Skeletal myoblast cells were harvested from 10 pigs. A month later, 125 ± 37 × 10(6) cells were subepicardially injected in an area of ∼2 cm(2) at the anterolateral aspect of the left ventricle. Four weeks later, a ventricular stimulation protocol was conducted. Once explanted, epicardial wavefronts over SM and adjacent control areas were optically mapped. Eight saline-injected animals were used as controls. To compare with clear arrhythmogenic substrates, propagation patterns were also evaluated in infarcted hearts and on a SM-implanted heart following amiodarone infusion. RESULTS In SM hearts, fibrosis and differentiated SM cells were consistently found and no tachyarrhythmias were induced. Wavefronts propagated homogeneously over SM and adjacent areas, with no late activation zones, as opposed to the infarcted hearts. The time required for the wavefronts to depolarize both areas were similar, becoming only slightly longer at SM areas after an extra-stimulus (P = 0.025). Conduction velocities and APD(90) were also similar. Saline hearts showed similar results. The extent of the conduction delay was not related to the number of injected SM cells. CONCLUSION In normal swine hearts, myoblast implants promote localized fibrosis and slightly retard epicardial wavefront propagation only after extra-stimuli. However, SM implants are not associated with local re-entry and do not facilitate ventricular tachyarrhythmias in the whole normal heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moreno
- Optical Mapping Laboratory, Arrhythmia Unit and Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
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