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Canini L, Blaise‐Boisseau S, Nardo AD, Shaw AE, Romey A, Relmy A, Bernelin‐Cottet C, Salomez A, Haegeman A, Ularamu H, Madani H, Ouoba BL, Zerbo HL, Souare ML, Boke CY, Eldaghayes I, Dayhum A, Ebou MH, Abouchoaib N, Sghaier S, Lefebvre D, DeClercq K, Milouet V, Brocchi E, Pezzoni G, Nfon C, King D, Durand B, Knowles N, Kassimi LB, Benfrid S. Identification of diffusion routes of O/EA-3 topotype of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Africa and Western Asia between 1974 and 2019 - a phylogeographic analysis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2230-e2239. [PMID: 35435315 PMCID: PMC9795992 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affects the livestock industry and socioeconomic sustainability of many African countries. The success of FMD control programs in Africa depends largely on understanding the dynamics of FMD virus (FMDV) spread. In light of the recent outbreaks of FMD that affected the North-Western African countries in 2018 and 2019, we investigated the evolutionary phylodynamics of the causative serotype O viral strains all belonging to the East-Africa 3 topotype (O/EA-3). We analyzed a total of 489 sequences encoding the FMDV VP1 genome region generated from samples collected from 25 African and Western Asian countries between 1974 and 2019. Using Bayesian evolutionary models on genomic and epidemiological data, we inferred the routes of introduction and migration of the FMDV O/EA-3 topotype at the inter-regional scale. We inferred a mean substitution rate of 6.64 × 10-3 nt/site/year and we predicted that the most recent common ancestor for our panel of samples circulated between February 1967 and November 1973 in Yemen, likely reflecting the epidemiological situation in under sampled cattle-exporting East African countries. Our study also reinforces the role previously described of Sudan and South Sudan as a frequent source of FMDVs spread. In particular, we identified two transboundary routes of O/EA-3 diffusion: the first from Sudan to North-East Africa, and from the latter into Israel and Palestine AT; a second from Sudan to Nigeria, Cameroon, and from there to further into West and North-West Africa. This study highlights the necessity to reinforce surveillance at an inter-regional scale in Africa and Western Asia, in particular along the identified migration routes for the implementation of efficient control measures in the fight against FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Canini
- Paris Est University, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal HealthEpidemiology UnitMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Sandra Blaise‐Boisseau
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ENVA, ANSESLaboratory for Animal Health; EURL for Foot‐and‐mouth diseaseMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | | | - Andrew E. Shaw
- The Pirbright InstituteAsh Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 ONFUK
| | - Aurore Romey
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ENVA, ANSESLaboratory for Animal Health; EURL for Foot‐and‐mouth diseaseMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Anthony Relmy
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ENVA, ANSESLaboratory for Animal Health; EURL for Foot‐and‐mouth diseaseMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Cindy Bernelin‐Cottet
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ENVA, ANSESLaboratory for Animal Health; EURL for Foot‐and‐mouth diseaseMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Anne‐Laure Salomez
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ENVA, ANSESLaboratory for Animal Health; EURL for Foot‐and‐mouth diseaseMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Andy Haegeman
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in AnimalsService for Exotic Viruses and Particular DiseasesGroeselenberg 99BrusselsBelgium
| | - Hussaini Ularamu
- Virology DivisionNational Veterinary Research InstituteVomNigeria
| | - Hafsa Madani
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire d'AlgerInstitut National de Médecine Vétérinaire (INMV)MohammadiaAlgeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Moina Hasni Ebou
- Centre national d'élevage et de recherches vétérinairesNouakchottMauritanie
| | - Nabil Abouchoaib
- Office National de Sécurité Sanitaire des produits Alimentaires (ONSSA)RabatMorocco
| | | | - David Lefebvre
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in AnimalsService for Exotic Viruses and Particular DiseasesGroeselenberg 99BrusselsBelgium
| | - Kris DeClercq
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in AnimalsService for Exotic Viruses and Particular DiseasesGroeselenberg 99BrusselsBelgium
| | - Valerie Milouet
- The Pirbright InstituteAsh Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 ONFUK
| | - Emiliana Brocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia RomagnaBresciaItaly
| | - Giulia Pezzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia RomagnaBresciaItaly
| | - Charles Nfon
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection AgencyWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Donald King
- The Pirbright InstituteAsh Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 ONFUK
| | - Benoit Durand
- Paris Est University, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal HealthEpidemiology UnitMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Nick Knowles
- The Pirbright InstituteAsh Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 ONFUK
| | - Labib Bakkali‐ Kassimi
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ENVA, ANSESLaboratory for Animal Health; EURL for Foot‐and‐mouth diseaseMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Souheyla Benfrid
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ENVA, ANSESLaboratory for Animal Health; EURL for Foot‐and‐mouth diseaseMaisons‐AlfortFrance
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