1
|
Pritchard LK, Spencer DIR, Royle L, Bonomelli C, Seabright GE, Behrens AJ, Kulp DW, Menis S, Krumm SA, Dunlop DC, Crispin DJ, Bowden TA, Scanlan CN, Ward AB, Schief WR, Doores KJ, Crispin M. Glycan clustering stabilizes the mannose patch of HIV-1 and preserves vulnerability to broadly neutralizing antibodies. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7479. [PMID: 26105115 PMCID: PMC4500839 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The envelope spike of HIV-1 employs a ‘glycan shield’ to protect itself from antibody-mediated neutralization. Paradoxically, however, potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have been isolated which target this shield. The unusually high glycan density on the gp120 subunit limits processing during biosynthesis, leaving a region of under-processed oligomannose-type structures which is a primary target of these bnAbs. Here we investigate the contribution of individual glycosylation sites to formation of this so-called intrinsic mannose patch. Deletion of individual sites has a limited effect on the overall size of the intrinsic mannose patch but leads to changes in the processing of neighboring glycans. These structural changes are largely tolerated by a panel of glycan-dependent bnAbs targeting these regions, indicating a degree of plasticity in their recognition. These results support the intrinsic mannose patch as a stable target for vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Pritchard
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | - Louise Royle
- Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3EB, UK
| | - Camille Bonomelli
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Gemma E Seabright
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Anna-Janina Behrens
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- 1] Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [2] Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Sergey Menis
- 1] Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [2] Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Stefanie A Krumm
- King's College London School of Medicine at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - D Cameron Dunlop
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Daniel J Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Thomas A Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Christopher N Scanlan
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- 1] Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [2] Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [3] Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Katie J Doores
- King's College London School of Medicine at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nilvebrant J, Dunlop DC, Sircar A, Wurch T, Falkowska E, Reichert JM, Helguera G, Piccione EC, Brack S, Berger S. IBC's 22nd Annual Antibody Engineering and 9th Annual Antibody Therapeutics International Conferences and the 2011 Annual Meeting of The Antibody Society, December 5-8, 2011, San Diego, CA. MAbs 2012; 4:153-81. [PMID: 22453091 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.4.2.19495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The 22nd Annual Antibody Engineering and 9th Annual Antibody Therapeutics international conferences, and the 2011 Annual Meeting of The Antibody Society, organized by IBC Life Sciences with contributions from The Antibody Society and two Scientific Advisory Boards, were held December 5-8, 2011 in San Diego, CA. The meeting drew ~800 participants who attended sessions on a wide variety of topics relevant to antibody research and development. As a preview to the main events, a pre-conference workshop held on December 4, 2011 focused on antibodies as probes of structure. The Antibody Engineering Conference comprised eight sessions: (1) structure and dynamics of antibodies and their membrane receptor targets; (2) model-guided generation of binding sites; (3) novel selection strategies; (4) antibodies in a complex environment: targeting intracellular and misfolded proteins; (5) rational vaccine design; (6) viral retargeting with engineered binding molecules; (7) the biology behind potential blockbuster antibodies and (8) antibodies as signaling modifiers: where did we go right, and can we learn from success? The Antibody Therapeutics session comprised five sessions: (1)Twenty-five years of therapeutic antibodies: lessons learned and future challenges; (2) preclinical and early stage development of antibody therapeutics; (3) next generation anti-angiogenics; (4) updates of clinical stage antibody therapeutics and (5) antibody drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Nilvebrant
- School of Biotechnology; Department of Proteomics; Royal Institute of Technology (KTH); AlbaNova University Center; Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Aroop Sircar
- EMD Serono Research Institute; Billlerica, MA USA
| | - Thierry Wurch
- Oncology Research Division, Institut de Recherche SERVIER; Croissy sur Seine, France
| | | | | | - Gustavo Helguera
- Farmacotecnia I, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; University of Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emily C Piccione
- Standford Cancer Institute; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA USA
| | | | - Sven Berger
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre; St Julien en Genevois, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bonomelli C, Doores KJ, Dunlop DC, Thaney V, Dwek RA, Burton DR, Crispin M, Scanlan CN. The glycan shield of HIV is predominantly oligomannose independently of production system or viral clade. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23521. [PMID: 21858152 PMCID: PMC3156772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-linked oligomannose glycans of HIV gp120 are a target for both microbicide and vaccine design. The extent of cross-clade conservation of HIV oligomannose glycans is therefore a critical consideration for the development of HIV prophylaxes. We measured the oligomannose content of virion-associated gp120 from primary virus from PBMCs for a range of viral isolates and showed cross-clade elevation (62–79%) of these glycans relative to recombinant, monomeric gp120 (∼30%). We also confirmed that pseudoviral production systems can give rise to notably elevated gp120 oligomannose levels (∼98%), compared to gp120 derived from a single-plasmid viral system using the HIVLAI backbone (56%). This study highlights differences in glycosylation between virion-associated and recombinant gp120.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bonomelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katie J. Doores
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - D. Cameron Dunlop
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Victoria Thaney
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Raymond A. Dwek
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Max Crispin
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher N. Scanlan
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dunlop DC, Bonomelli C, Mansab F, Vasiljevic S, Doores KJ, Wormald MR, Palma AS, Feizi T, Harvey DJ, Dwek RA, Crispin M, Scanlan CN. Polysaccharide mimicry of the epitope of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibody, 2G12, induces enhanced antibody responses to self oligomannose glycans. Glycobiology 2010; 20:812-23. [PMID: 20181792 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunologically, "self" carbohydrates protect the HIV-1 surface glycoprotein, gp120, from antibody recognition. However, one broadly neutralizing antibody, 2G12, neutralizes primary viral isolates by direct recognition of Manalpha1-->2Man motifs formed by the host-derived oligomannose glycans of the viral envelope. Immunogens, capable of eliciting antibodies of similar specificity to 2G12, are therefore candidates for HIV/AIDS vaccine development. In this context, it is known that the yeast mannan polysaccharides exhibit significant antigenic mimicry with the glycans of HIV-1. Here, we report that modulation of yeast polysaccharide biosynthesis directly controls the molecular specificity of cross-reactive antibodies to self oligomannose glycans. Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannans are typically terminated by alpha1-->3-linked mannoses that cap a Manalpha1-->2Man motif that otherwise closely resembles the part of the oligomannose epitope recognized by 2G12. Immunization with S. cerevisiae deficient for the alpha1-->3 mannosyltransferase gene (DeltaMnn1), but not with wild-type S. cerevisiae, reproducibly elicited antibodies to the self oligomannose glycans. Carbohydrate microarray analysis of DeltaMnn1 immune sera revealed fine carbohydrate specificity to Manalpha1-->2Man units, closely matching that of 2G12. These specificities were further corroborated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with chemically defined glycoforms of gp120. These antibodies exhibited remarkable similarity in the carbohydrate specificity to 2G12 and displayed statistically significant, albeit extremely weak, neutralization of HIV-1 compared to control immune sera. These data confirm the Manalpha1-->2Man motif as the primary carbohydrate neutralization determinant of HIV-1 and show that the genetic modulation of microbial polysaccharides is a route towards immunogens capable of eliciting antibody responses to the glycans of HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Cameron Dunlop
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hatherley D, Harlos K, Dunlop DC, Stuart DI, Barclay AN. The structure of the macrophage signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPalpha) inhibitory receptor reveals a binding face reminiscent of that used by T cell receptors. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:14567-75. [PMID: 17369261 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611511200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal regulatory protein (SIRP) alpha is a membrane receptor that sends inhibitory signals to myeloid cells by engagement of CD47. The high resolution x-ray structure of the N-terminal ligand binding domain shows it to have a distinctive immunoglobulin superfamily V-like fold. Site-directed mutagenesis suggests that CD47 is bound at a surface involving the BC, FG, and DE loops, which distinguishes it from other immunoglobulin superfamily surface proteins that use the faces of the fold, but resembles antigen receptors. The SIRP interaction is confined to a single domain, and its use of an extended DE loop strengthens the similarity with T cell receptor binding and the suggestion that they are closely related in evolution. The employment of loops to form the CD47-binding surface provides a mechanism for small sequence changes to modulate binding specificity, explaining the different binding properties of SIRP family members.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, Differentiation/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- CD47 Antigen/chemistry
- CD47 Antigen/metabolism
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Humans
- Ligands
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Folding
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Hatherley
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|