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Affiliation(s)
- S. G. Dures
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Ascot UK
| | - C. Carbone
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
| | - V. Savolainen
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Ascot UK
| | - G. Maude
- Kalahari Research and Conservation Maun Botswana
| | - D. Gottelli
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
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Becker MS, Durant SM, Watson FGR, Parker M, Gottelli D, M'soka J, Droge E, Nyirenda M, Schuette P, Dunkley S, Brummer R. Using dogs to find cats: detection dogs as a survey method for wide‐ranging cheetah. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Becker
- Zambian Carnivore Programme Mfuwe Zambia
- Conservation Biology and Ecology Program Department of Ecology Montana State University Bozeman MT USA
| | - S. M. Durant
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
- Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx Zoo Bronx NY USA
| | - F. G. R. Watson
- Zambian Carnivore Programme Mfuwe Zambia
- School of Natural Sciences California State University Monterey Bay Seaside CA USA
| | - M. Parker
- Working Dogs for Conservation Bozeman MT USA
| | - D. Gottelli
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
| | - J. M'soka
- Zambian Carnivore Programme Mfuwe Zambia
- Conservation Biology and Ecology Program Department of Ecology Montana State University Bozeman MT USA
- Zambia Department of National Parks and Wildlife Chilanga Zambia
| | - E. Droge
- Zambian Carnivore Programme Mfuwe Zambia
- Conservation Biology and Ecology Program Department of Ecology Montana State University Bozeman MT USA
| | - M. Nyirenda
- World Wide Fund for Nature Zambia Country Office Lusaka Zambia
| | - P. Schuette
- Zambian Carnivore Programme Mfuwe Zambia
- Alaska Center for Conservation Science University of Alaska Anchorage Anchorage AK USA
| | - S. Dunkley
- Zambian Carnivore Programme Mfuwe Zambia
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Bryant JV, Gottelli D, Zeng X, Hong X, Chan BPL, Fellowes JR, Zhang Y, Luo J, Durrant C, Geissmann T, Chatterjee HJ, Turvey ST. Assessing current genetic status of the Hainan gibbon using historical and demographic baselines: implications for conservation management of species of extreme rarity. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3540-56. [PMID: 27273107 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence-based conservation planning is crucial for informing management decisions for species of extreme rarity, but collection of robust data on genetic status or other parameters can be extremely challenging for such species. The Hainan gibbon, possibly the world's rarest mammal, consists of a single population of ~25 individuals restricted to one protected area on Hainan Island, China, and has persisted for over 30 years at exceptionally low population size. Analysis of genotypes at 11 microsatellite loci from faecal samples for 36% of the current global population and tissue samples from 62% of existing historical museum specimens demonstrates limited current genetic diversity (Na = 2.27, Ar = 2.24, He = 0.43); diversity has declined since the 19th century and even further within the last 30 years, representing declines of ~30% from historical levels (Na = 3.36, Ar = 3.29, He = 0.63). Significant differentiation is seen between current and historical samples (FST = 0.156, P = 0.0315), and the current population exhibits extremely small Ne (current Ne = 2.16). There is evidence for both a recent population bottleneck and an earlier bottleneck, with population size already reasonably low by the late 19th century (historical Ne = 1162.96). Individuals in the current population are related at the level of half- to full-siblings between social groups, and full-siblings or parent-offspring within a social group, suggesting that inbreeding is likely to increase in the future. The species' current reduced genetic diversity must be considered during conservation planning, particularly for expectations of likely population recovery, indicating that intensive, carefully planned management is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Bryant
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.,Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - D Gottelli
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - X Zeng
- Bawangling National Nature Reserve Management Office, Changjiang Lizu Autonomous County, Hainan, 572722, China
| | - X Hong
- Bawangling National Nature Reserve Management Office, Changjiang Lizu Autonomous County, Hainan, 572722, China
| | - B P L Chan
- Kadoorie Conservation China, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - J R Fellowes
- The Kadoorie Institute, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Y Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - J Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - C Durrant
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - T Geissmann
- Anthropological Institute, University Zurich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - H J Chatterjee
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - S T Turvey
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
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Marino J, Sillero-Zubiri C, Gottelli D, Johnson PJ, Macdonald DW. The fall and rise of Ethiopian wolves: lessons for conservation of long-lived, social predators. Anim Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Marino
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Zoology; University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre; Tubney UK
| | - C. Sillero-Zubiri
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Zoology; University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre; Tubney UK
| | - D. Gottelli
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London UK
| | - P. J. Johnson
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Zoology; University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre; Tubney UK
| | - D. W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Zoology; University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre; Tubney UK
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Gottelli D, Sillero-Zubiri C, Marino J, Funk SM, Wang J. Genetic structure and patterns of gene flow among populations of the endangered Ethiopian wolf. Anim Conserv 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Gottelli
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London; UK
| | - C. Sillero-Zubiri
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Zoology Department; University of Oxford; Tubney; UK
| | - J. Marino
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Zoology Department; University of Oxford; Tubney; UK
| | | | - J. Wang
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London; UK
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Pickles RSA, Groombridge JJ, Zambrana Rojas VD, Van Damme P, Gottelli D, Kundu S, Bodmer R, Ariani CV, Iyengar A, Jordan WC. Evolutionary history and identification of conservation units in the giant otter, Pteronura brasiliensis. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 61:616-27. [PMID: 21925282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The giant otter, Pteronura brasiliensis, occupies a range including the major drainage basins of South America, yet the degree of structure that exists within and among populations inhabiting these drainages is unknown. We sequenced portions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b (612bp) and control region (383 bp) genes in order to determine patterns of genetic variation within the species. We found high levels of mtDNA haplotype diversity (h = 0.93 overall) and support for subdivision into four distinct groups of populations, representing important centers of genetic diversity and useful units for prioritizing conservation within the giant otter. We tested these results against the predictions of three hypotheses of Amazonian diversification (Pleistocene Refugia, Paleogeography, and Hydrogeology). While the phylogeographic pattern conformed to the predictions of the Refugia Hypothesis, molecular dating using a relaxed clock revealed the phylogroups diverged from one another between 1.69 and 0.84 Ma, ruling out the influence of Late Pleistocene glacial refugia. However, the role of Plio-Pleistocene climate change could not be rejected. While the molecular dating also makes the influence of geological arches according to the Paleogeography Hypothesis extremely unlikely, the recent Pliocene formation of the Fitzcarrald Arch and its effect of subsequently altering drainage pattern could not be rejected. The data presented here support the interactions of both climatic and hydrological changes resulting from geological activity in the Plio-Pleistocene, in shaping the phylogeographic structure of the giant otter.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S A Pickles
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
This paper describes a genetic analysis of wild-living cats in Scotland. Samples from 230 wild-living Scottish cats (including 13 museum skins) and 74 house cats from England and Scotland were surveyed for nine microsatellite loci. Pelage characteristics of the wild-living cats were recorded, and the cats were then grouped into five separate categories depending on the degree to which they conformed to the characteristics attributed to Felis silvestris Schreber, 1775. Allele frequency differences between the morphological groups are greater than those among the three house cat samples. Analysis of genetic distances suggests that more of the differences between individuals can be explained by pelage than geographical proximity, and that pelage and geographical location are not confounded. Ordination of the genetic distances suggests two main groups of wild-living cats, with intermediates, and one group is genetically very similar to the house cats, while the other group contains all cats taxonomically identified as wildcat based on morphology. A genetic mixture analysis gives similar results to the ordination, but also suggests that the genotypes of a substantial number of cats in the wildcat group are drawn from a gene pool with genotypes in approximately equilibrium proportions. We argue that this is evidence that these cats do not have very recent domestic ancestry. However, from the morphological data it is highly likely that this gene pool also contains a contribution from earlier introgression of domestic cat genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beaumont
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW 1RY, UK.
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Gottelli D, Sillero-Zubiri C, Applebaum GD, Roy MS, Girman DJ, Garcia-Moreno J, Ostrander EA, Wayne RK. Molecular genetics of the most endangered canid: the Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis. Mol Ecol 1994; 3:301-12. [PMID: 7921357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.1994.tb00070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The world's most endangered canid is the Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis, which is found in six isolated areas of the Ethiopian highlands with a total population of no more than 500 individuals. Ethiopian wolf populations are declining due to habitat loss and extermination by humans. Moreover, in at least one population, Ethiopian wolves are sympatric with domestic dogs, which may hybridize with them, compete for food, and act as disease vectors. Using molecular techniques, we address four questions concerning Ethiopian wolves that have conservation implications. First, we determine the relationships of Ethiopian wolves to other wolf-like canids by phylogenetic analysis of 2001 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence. Our results suggest that the Ethiopian wolf is a distinct species more closely related to gray wolves and coyotes than to any African canid. The mtDNA sequence similarity with gray wolves implies that the Ethiopian wolf may hybridize with domestic dogs, a recent derivative of the gray wolf. We examine this possibility through mtDNA restriction fragment analysis and analysis of nine microsatellite loci in populations of Ethiopian wolves. The results imply that hybridization has occurred between female Ethiopian wolves and male domestic dogs in one population. Finally, we assess levels of variability within and between two Ethiopian wolf populations. Although these closely situated populations are not differentiated, the level of variability in both is low, suggesting long-term effective population sizes of less than a few hundred individuals. We recommend immediate captive breeding of Ethiopian wolves to protect their gene pool from dilution and further loss of genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gottelli
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, UK
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Mebatsion T, Sillero-Zubiri C, Gottelli D, Cox JH. Detection of rabies antibody by ELISA and RFFIT in unvaccinated dogs and in the endangered Simien jackal (Canis simensis) of Ethiopia. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1992; 39:233-5. [PMID: 1642078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Varying levels of rabies antibody have been detected both by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) in the sera collected from wild and domestic canids in the Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP) of Southern Ethiopia. Rabies antibody was detected in 80% (8 out of 10) of domestic dog samples, 13.3% (2 out of 15) of Simien jackal samples and in one common jackal. Rabies virus was isolated from one dog in an area where contact with the Simien jackal could possibly occur. All samples examined from wild rodents as possible reservoir hosts for rabies were found negative. The presence of large proportion of susceptible Simien jackals in the population should be a cause of great concern in saving this endangered species from the ravages of rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mebatsion
- National Research Institute of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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