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Hyun GH, Cho IH, Yang YY, Jeong DH, Kang YP, Kim YS, Lee SJ, Kwon SW. Mechanisms of interactions in pattern-recognition of common glycostructures across pectin-derived heteropolysaccharides by Toll-like receptor 4. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120921. [PMID: 37173020 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Complex pectin, originating from terrestrial plant cell walls has been attracting research attention as a promising source of a new innate immune modulator. Numerous bioactive polysaccharides associated with pectin are newly reported every year, but the general mechanism of their immunological action remains unclear owing to the complexity and heterogeneity of pectin. Herein, we systematically investigated the interactions in pattern-recognition for common glycostructures of pectic heteropolysaccharides (HPSs) by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The compositional similarity of glycosyl residues derived from pectic HPS was confirmed by conducting systematic reviews, leading to molecular modeling of representative pectic segments. Via structural investigation, the inner concavity of leucine-rich repeats of TLR4 was predicted to act as a binding motif for carbohydrate recognition, and subsequent simulations predicted the binding modes and conformations. We experimentally demonstrated that pectic HPS exhibits the non-canonical and multivalent binding aspects for TLR4 resulting in receptor activation. Furthermore, we showed that pectic HPSs were selectively clustered with TLR4 during endocytosis, inducing downstream signals to cause phenotypic activation of macrophages. Overall, we have presented a better explanation for the pattern recognition of pectic HPS and further proposed an approach to understand the interaction between complex carbohydrates and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Hwan Hyun
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Pyo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Hyun GH, Jeong DH, Yang YY, Cho IH, Ha YJ, Xing X, Abbott DW, Hsieh YSY, Kang YP, Cha JH, Hong SS, Lee SJ, Kim YS, Kwon SW. Multivalent Carbohydrate Nanocomposites for Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling to Enhance Antitumor Immunity. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37306074 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Current cancer immunotherapeutic strategies mainly focus on remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) to make it favorable for antitumor immunity. Increasing attention has been paid to developing innovative immunomodulatory adjuvants that can restore weakened antitumor immunity by conferring immunogenicity to inflamed tumor tissues. Here, a galactan-enriched nanocomposite (Gal-NC) is developed from native carbohydrate structures through an optimized enzymatic transformation for effective, stable, and biosafe innate immunomodulation. Gal-NC is characterized as a carbohydrate nanoadjuvant with a macrophage-targeting feature. It is composed of repeating galactan glycopatterns derived from heteropolysaccharide structures of plant origin. The galactan repeats of Gal-NC function as multivalent pattern-recognition sites for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Functionally, Gal-NC-mediated TLR activation induces the repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward immunostimulatory/tumoricidal M1-like phenotypes. Gal-NC increases the intratumoral population of cytotoxic T cells, the main effector cells of antitumor immunity, via re-educated TAMs. These TME alterations synergistically enhance the T-cell-mediated antitumor response induced by αPD-1 administration, suggesting that Gal-NC has potential value as an adjuvant for immune checkpoint blockade combination therapies. Thus, the Gal-NC model established herein suggests a glycoengineering strategy to design a carbohydrate-based nanocomposite for advanced cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Hwan Hyun
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Yves S Y Hsieh
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE10691, Sweden
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yun Pyo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, and Program in Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, and Program in Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Yoo KH, Park DH, Abd El-Aty AM, Kim SK, Jung HN, Jeong DH, Cho HJ, Hacimüftüoğlu A, Shim JH, Jeong JH, Shin HC. Development of an analytical method for multi-residue quantification of 18 anthelmintics in various animal-based food products using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Anal 2020; 11:68-76. [PMID: 33717613 PMCID: PMC7930640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a simple screening procedure for the determination of 18 anthelmintics (including benzimidazoles, macrocyclic lactones, salicylanilides, substituted phenols, tetrahydropyrimidines, and imidazothiazoles) in five animal-derived food matrices (chicken muscle, pork, beef, milk, and egg) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytes were extracted using acetonitrile/1% acetic acid (milk and egg) and acetonitrile/1% acetic acid with 0.5 mL of distilled water (chicken muscle, pork, and beef), and purified using saturated n-hexane/acetonitrile. A reversed-phase analytical column and a mobile phase consisting of (A) 10 mM ammonium formate in distilled water and (B) methanol were used to achieve optimal chromatographic separation. Matrix-matched standard calibration curves (R2≥0.9752) were obtained for concentration equivalent to ×1/2, ×1, ×2, ×3, ×4, and ×5 fold the maximum residue limit (MRL) stipulated by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Recoveries of 61.2–118.4%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of ≤19.9% (intraday and interday), were obtained for each sample at three spiking concentrations (×1/2, ×1, and ×2 the MRL values). Limits of detection, limits of quantification, and matrix effects were 0.02–5.5 μg/kg, 0.06–10 μg/kg, and −98.8 to 13.9% (at 20 μg/kg), respectively. In five samples of each food matrix (chicken muscle, pork, beef, milk, and egg) purchased from large retailers in Seoul that were tested, none of the target analytes were detected. It has therefore been shown that this protocol is adaptable, accurate, and precise for the quantification of anthelmintic residues in foods of animal origin. Multi-class determination of 18 anthelmintics in animal-derived food matrices were screened. Samples were extracted using LLE and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The developed method provided satisfactory sensitivity and linearity. None of the market samples was found to contain any measurable residues of the tested analytes. The developed protocol is adaptable, accurate, and precise for quantification in foods of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hee Park
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, 250353, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Seong-Kwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ni Jung
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmet Hacimüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Trinity School of Medicine, Ribishi, Saint Vincent
| | - H Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity School of Medicine, Ribishi, Saint Vincent
| | - K Adkins
- Department of Surgery, Trinity School of Medicine, Ribishi, Saint Vincent
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Jeon GH, Byun JM, Kim KT, Jeong DH. 2807 Immunoregulatory Protein, V-Set and Immunoglobulin Domain-Containing 4 (VSIG4), is Overexpressed in Patients with Endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ban YH, Cha Y, Choi J, An ES, Lee JY, Han NR, Seo DW, Jung G, Jeong DH, Rhee MH, Choi EK, Kim YB. Blood flow-improving activity of methyl jasmonate-treated adventitious roots of mountain ginseng. Lab Anim Res 2017; 33:105-113. [PMID: 28747975 PMCID: PMC5527135 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2017.33.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng are well known for their diverse pharmacological effects including antithrombotic activity. Since adventitious roots of mountain ginseng (ARMG) also contain various ginsenosides, blood flow-improving effects of the dried powder and extract of ARMG were investigated. Rats were orally administered with dried powder (PARMG) or ethanol extract (EARMG) of ARMG (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg) or aspirin (30 mg/kg, a reference control) for 3 weeks. Forty min after the final administration, carotid arterial thrombosis was induced by applying a 70% FeCl3-soaked filter paper outside the arterial wall for 5 min, and the blood flow was monitored with a laser Doppler probe. Both PARMG and EARMG delayed the FeCl3-induced arterial occlusion in a dose-dependent manner, doubling the occlusion time at high doses. In mechanism studies, a high concentration of EARMG inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen in vitro. In addition, EARMG improved the blood lipid profiles, decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Although additional action mechanisms remain to be clarified, it is suggested that ARMG containing high amount of ginsenosides such as Rg3 improves blood flow not only by inhibiting oxidative thrombosis, but also by modifying blood lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwan Ban
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yeseul Cha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jieun Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun Suk An
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Nu Ry Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Da Woom Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Gooyoung Jung
- R&D Center, Dongkook Pharm Co., Ltd., Jincheon, Korea
| | - Da-Hye Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ehn-Kyoung Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Ahn MR, Bae JY, Jeong DH, Takahashi H, Uto Y, Maruta H. Both triazolyl ester of ketorolac (15K) and YM155 inhibit the embryonic angiogenesis in ovo (fertilized eggs) via their common PAK1-survivin/VEGF signaling pathway. Drug Discov Ther 2017; 11:300-306. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2017.01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mok-Ryeon Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University
| | - Ji-Yeon Bae
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University
| | - Da-Hye Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University
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Jeong D, Chae MS, Kim J, Yoo YK, Kim H, Kmim G, Hwang KS. P4‐272: Monitoring of Amyloid Beta Time Dependent Aggregation with Electrical Sensing Method. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DaHye Jeong
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulThe Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sic Chae
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulThe Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsik Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulThe Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyung Yoo
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulThe Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulThe Republic of Korea
| | - Gangeun Kmim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulThe Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Seon Hwang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulThe Republic of Korea
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Kim J, Yoo YK, Chae MS, Kim H, Kmim G, Jeong D, Hwang KS. P4‐273: Electrical Detection of Amyloid Beta in Plasma for the Blood‐Based Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsik Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulThe Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyung Yoo
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulThe Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sic Chae
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulThe Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulThe Republic of Korea
| | - Gangeun Kmim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulThe Republic of Korea
| | - DaHye Jeong
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulThe Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Seon Hwang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)SeoulThe Republic of Korea
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Jeong WI, Do SH, Sohn MH, Yun HS, Kwon OD, Kim TH, Jeong DH, Williams BH, Jeong KS. Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Metastasis to the Spleen in a Holstein Cow. Vet Pathol 2016; 42:230-2. [PMID: 15753480 DOI: 10.1354/vp.42-2-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with metastasis to the spleen in a Holstein cow was studied by histopathologic and immunohistochemical methods. The tumor was characterized by a pseudoglandular (acinar) pattern with an associated fibrous stroma. Individual cells often had a “hepatoid” appearance but were interspersed with scattered cells exhibiting a clear, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive cytoplasm and small eccentric nuclei. This pattern was present in nodules found in both liver and spleen. Moreover, hepatoid tumor cells were positive for alpha-fetoprotein. Immunohistochemical studies suggest that myofibroblasts were responsible for the production of fibrous septa surrounding the pseudoglandular structures of bovine HCC. In summary, our histologic and immunohistochemical findings support a diagnosis of primary HCC with splenic metastasis. Furthermore, the associated stromal response appears to be of a myofibroblast origin. The primary etiology of bovine HCC and the significance of the intralesional, PAS-positive clear cells remain undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- W I Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu City 702-701, South Korea
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Saba E, Jeong DH, Roh SS, Kim SH, Kim SD, Kim HK, Rhee MH. Black ginseng-enriched Chong-Myung-Tang extracts improve spatial learning behavior in rats and elicit anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:151-158. [PMID: 28413319 PMCID: PMC5386102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chong-Myung-Tang (CMT) extract is widely used in Korea as a traditional herbal tonic for increasing memory capacity in high-school students and also for numerous body ailments since centuries. The use of CMT to improve the learning capacity has been attributed to various plant constituents, especially black ginseng, in it. Therefore, in this study, we have first investigated whether black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts affected spatial learning using the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Their molecular mechanism of action underlying improvement of learning and memory was examined in vitro. Methods We used two types of black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts, designated as CM-1 and CM-2, and evaluated their efficacy in the MWM test for spatial learning behavior and their anti-inflammatory effects in BV2 microglial cells. Results Our results show that both black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts improved the learning behavior in scopolamine-induced impairment in the water maze test. Moreover, these extracts also inhibited nitric oxide production in BV2 cells, with significant suppression of expression of proinflammatory cytokines, especially inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and interleukin-1β. The protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB pathway factors was also diminished by black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts, indicating that it not only improves the memory impairment, but also acts a potent anti-inflammatory agent for neuroinflammatory diseases. Conclusion Our research for the first time provides the scientific evidence that consumption of black ginseng-enriched CMT extract as a brain tonic improves memory impairment. Thus, our study results can be taken as a reference for future neurobehavioral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Saba
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Da-Hye Jeong
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Seowon University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Man-Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Son YM, Jeong DH, Park HJ, Rhee MH. The inhibitory activity of ginsenoside Rp4 in adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:96-102. [PMID: 28123327 PMCID: PMC5223082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korean ginseng, Panax ginseng Meyer, has been used as a traditional oriental medicine to treat illness and promote health for several thousand years. Ginsenosides are the main constituents for the pharmacological effects of P. ginseng. Since several ginsenosides, including ginsenoside (G)-Rg3 and G-Rp1, have reported antiplatelet activity, here we investigate the ability of G-Rp4 to modulate adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation. The ginsenoside Rp4, a similar chemical structure of G-Rp1, was prepared from G-Rg1 by chemical modification. METHODS To examine the effects of G-Rp4 on platelet activation, we performed several experiments, including antiplatelet ability, the modulation of intracellular calcium concentration, and P-selectin expression. In addition, we examined the activation of integrin αIIbβ3 and the phosphorylation of signaling molecules using fibrinogen binding assay and immunoblotting in rat washed platelets. RESULTS G-Rp4 inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. We found that G-Rp4 decreased calcium mobilization and P-selectin expression in ADP-activated platelets. Moreover, fibrinogen binding to integrin αIIbβ3 by ADP was attenuated in G-Rp4-treated platelets. G-Rp4 significantly attenuated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, as well as protein kinase B, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and phospholipase C-γ phosphorylations. CONCLUSION G-Rp4 significantly inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and this is mediated via modulating the intracellular signaling molecules. These results indicate that G-Rp4 could be a potential candidate as a therapeutic agent against platelet-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Son
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Da-Hye Jeong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Science, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Man-Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Saba E, Jeon BR, Jeong DH, Lee K, Goo YK, Kim SH, Sung CK, Roh SS, Kim SD, Kim HK, Rhee MH. Black ginseng extract ameliorates hypercholesterolemia in rats. J Ginseng Res 2015; 40:160-8. [PMID: 27158237 PMCID: PMC4845044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a well-characterized medicinal herb listed in the classic oriental herbal dictionary as “Shin-nong-bon-cho-kyung.” Ginseng has diverse pharmacologic and therapeutic properties. Black ginseng (BG, Ginseng Radix nigra) is produced by repeatedly steaming fresh ginseng nine times. Studies of BG have shown that prolonged heat treatment enhances the antioxidant activity with increased radical scavenging activity. Several recent studies have showed the effects of BG on increased lipid profiles in mice. In this study report the effects of water and ethanol extracts of BG on hypercholesterolemia in rats. To our knowledge, this is the first time such an effect has been reported. Methods Experiments were conducted on male Sprague Dawley rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with the water and ethanol extracts of BG (200 mg/kg). Their blood cholesterol levels, serum white blood cell levels, and cholesterol-metabolizing marker genes messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were determined. Liver and adipose tissues were histologically analyzed. Results We found that BG extracts efficiently reduced the total serum cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels with increased food efficiency ratio and increased number of neutrophil cells. It also attenuated the key genes responsible for lipogenesis, that is, acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) acetyltransferase 2, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2, at the mRNA level inside liver cells. Furthermore, the BG extract also reduced the accumulation of fat in adipose tissues, and inhibited the neutral fat content in liver cells stained with hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O. Conclusion Administration of BG extracts to Sprague Dawley rats fed with high-cholesterol diet ameliorated hypercholesterolemia, which was mediated via modulation of cholesterol-metabolizing marker genes. This data throw a light on BG's cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Saba
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bo Ra Jeon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Da-Hye Jeong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kija Lee
- Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youn-Kyoung Goo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Sung
- Daedeok Bio Corporation Research and Development Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Dae Kim
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Kim
- Daedeok Bio Corporation Research and Development Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Man-Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Kang HG, Jeong DH, Yang JJ, Lee BK, Kong JK, Lee JW, Kim IH. Serial transrectal ultrasonography for monitoring the reproductive activity of the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus ussuricus). Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 50:149-58. [PMID: 25522189 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the structural changes in the reproductive tract of Asiatic black bears using serial transrectal ultrasonography. In addition, the ultrasonographic observations were compared with the results of vaginal cytology and hormonal analyses. The collection of blood for hormonal analysis, vaginal cytology and transrectal ultrasonography was performed in two bears (Bears 1 and 2) from June 2011 to August 2013 without mating and in a third bear (Bear 3) from April to December 2012, allowing natural mating. Serial ultrasonographic observations showed cyclic changes in ovarian structures (e.g. emergence of small follicles, growth and ovulation of dominant follicles and corpus luteum (CL) formation) during the reproductive cycles of the three bears. The diameter of the uterine horns remained similar throughout the reproductive cycle in Bears 1 and 2, and it remained similar from April until October, but an enlargement containing foetuses was observed in Bear 3 in December. The ultrasonographic observations were consistent with the data obtained through vaginal cytology and progesterone analysis during the reproductive cycle. An average of 4.0 (±0.4) dominant follicles was observed during the oestrous stage (May-August), during which the superficial cells accounted for >90% of the total vaginal cells. In addition, the detection of an average of 2.6 (±0.2) CL was associated with increased plasma progesterone concentrations (3.0 ± 0.4 ng/ml) between June and December (near hibernation). In conclusion, serial transrectal ultrasonography demonstrated yearly oestrous (ovulation) cycles via follicular dynamics and CL formation on ovaries, accordingly with vaginal cytology and hormonal level in the Asiatic black bear.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Park GY, Han JY, Han YK, Kim SD, Kim JS, Jo WS, Chun SH, Jeong DH, Lee CW, Yang K, Lee CG. 14-3-3 eta depletion sensitizes glioblastoma cells to irradiation due to enhanced mitotic cell death. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:158-63. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Jeong DH, Youm MY, Kim YN, Lee KB, Sung MS, Yoon HK, Kim KT. Promoter methylation of p16, DAPK, CDH1, and TIMP-3 genes in cervical cancer: correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 16:1234-40. [PMID: 16803511 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the promoter methylation status of the p16, DAPK, CDH1, and TIMP-3 genes in primary cervical cancer and its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics. Promoter methylation was evaluated using a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 78 cervical cancer tissue specimens and 24 control, normal cervical tissue specimens. Clinicopathologic parameters were obtained from medical records, and the relationship between the discrete variables and the methylation status was evaluated. The frequencies of promoter methylation of p16, DAPK, CDH1, and TIMP-3 in cervical cancer were 57%, 44.9%, 52.6%, and 9%, respectively. Primary cervical cancer had significantly higher methylation frequencies for the p16 and DAPK promoters than did the control, normal cervix (P < 0.0001). The promoter methylation of TIMP-3 was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma (41.7% vs 3%, respectively, P= 0.0175). High-stage cancers exhibited an increased promoter methylation frequency for p16 (P= 0.0061). The promoter methylation of the p16 gene is a frequent event in cervical carcinogenesis and may have potential clinical application as a marker for the progression and prognosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paik Institute for Clinical Research, and Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 633-165 Gaegum-Dong, Busanjin-Gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea.
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Kim YH, Jeong DH, Kim D, Jeoung SC, Cho HS, Kim SK, Aratani N, Osuka A. Photophysical properties of long rodlike meso-meso-linked zinc(II) porphyrins investigated by time-resolved laser spectroscopic methods. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:76-86. [PMID: 11273603 DOI: 10.1021/ja0009976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular design of directly meso-meso-linked porphyrin arrays as a new model of light-harvesting antenna as well as a molecular photonic wire was envisaged to bring the porphyrin units closer for rapid energy transfer. For this purpose, zinc(II) 5,15-bis(3,5-bis(octyloxy)phenyl)porphyrin (Z1) and its directly meso-meso-linked porphyrin arrays up to Z128 (Zn, n represents the number of porphyrins) were synthesized. The absorption spectra of these porphyrin arrays change in a systematic manner with an increase in the number of porphyrins; the high-energy Soret bands remain at nearly the same wavelength (413-414 nm), while the low-energy exciton split Soret bands are gradually red-shifted, resulting in a progressive increase in the exciton splitting energy. The exciton splitting is nicely correlated with the values of cos[pi/(N + 1)] according to Kasha's exciton coupling theory, providing a value of 4250 cm(-1) for the exciton coupling energy in the S(2) state. The increasing red-shifts for the Q-bands are rather modest. The fluorescence excitation anisotropy spectra of the porphyrin arrays show that the photoexcitation of the high-energy Soret bands exhibits a large angle difference between absorption and emission dipoles in contrast with the photoexcitation of the low-energy exciton split Soret and Q-bands. This result indicates that the high-energy Soret bands are characteristic of the summation of the individual monomeric transitions with its overall dipole moment deviated from the array chain direction, while the low-energy Soret bands result from the exciton splitting between the monomeric transition dipoles in line with the array chain direction. From the fluorescence quantum yields and fluorescence lifetime measurements, the radiative coherent length was estimated to be 6-8 porphyrin units in the porphyrin arrays. Ultrafast fluorescence decay measurements show that the S(2) --> S(1) internal conversion process occurs in less than 1 ps in the porphyrin arrays due to the existence of exciton split band as a ladder-type deactivation channel, while this process is relatively slow in Z1 (approximately 1.6 ps). The rate of this process seems to follow the energy gap law, which is mainly determined by the energy gap between the two Soret bands of the porphyrin arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kim
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Characteristics Control, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Jeong DH, Lee SJ, Lee JH, Bae IH, Jeong KS, Jang JJ, Lim IK, Kim MR, Lee MJ, Lee YS. Subcellular redistribution of protein kinase C isozymes is associated with rat liver cirrhotic changes induced by carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 16:34-40. [PMID: 11206314 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001.02364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a key role in the alteration of signal transduction in the liver, which may contribute to the development of liver cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was to examine the subcellular redistribution of PKC isozymes in rat liver cirrhosis, which is induced by two different cirrhotic chemical agents, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and thioacetamide (TAA). METHODS AND RESULTS Thioacetamide and CCl4 were administered to rats for 8 and 30 weeks, respectively before rats were killed and autopsies performed at 9, 20 and 30 weeks later. The TAA induced a fibrotic pattern in the liver that differed from that produced by CCl4, notably in the formation of fibrous connective tissue and the proliferation of bile ductule cells. Cholangiofibrosis and clear-cell foci were also observed in TAA-treated rats at 30 weeks. Histological examination revealed that severe cirrhotic changes were present 9 weeks after the commencement of CCl4 treatment and 30 weeks after TAA treatment. DISCUSSION When the subcellular redistribution of PKC isozymes (PKCalpha, -beta1, -delta, and -epsilon) was examined, all the PKC isozymes in CCl4-treated rats were found to be translocated to the membrane fraction, which may mean PKC activation, and then downregulated by proteolytic degradation after 9 weeks of treatment, which coincided with peak cirrhotic changes. All rats treated with CCl4 recovered to the control level after 20 weeks of treatment. In the case of TAA-treated rats, PKC isozymes were translocated to the particulate fraction of the liver after 9 weeks of treatment and this persisted in most of the rats for the duration of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS From these results, it would appear that PKC translocation preceded morphologic changes, and that an altered subcellular distribution of the PKC isozyme may be associated with the response to liver damage and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegue, Korea
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Jeong DH, Jang JJ, Lee SJ, Lee JH, Lim IK, Lee MJ, Lee YS. Expression patterns of cell cycle-related proteins in a rat cirrhotic model induced by CCl4 or thioacetamide. J Gastroenterol 2001; 36:24-32. [PMID: 11211207 DOI: 10.1007/s005350170150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the aberrant expression of cell cycle-related proteins and their biological significance in relation to cirrhosis, we compared the cirrhotic patterns induced by two different types of cirrhotic agents, CCl4 and thioacetamide (TAA) in rats. CCl4 or TAA treatment was given to rats for 8 or 30 weeks, respectively, and the livers were removed at 9, 20, and 30 weeks after the experiment began. The TAA-induced fibrotic pattern was different from the CCl4-induced one, in terms of the formation of fibrous connective tissue and the proliferation of bile ductule cells. Cholangiofibrosis and clear cell foci were also observed in TAA-treated rats at 30 weeks. Histological examination revealed severe cirrhotic changes at 9 weeks in CCl4-treated rats and at 30 weeks in TAA-treated rats. Immunoblotting for cyclin D1, E, A, B, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and their counterpart protein kinases (CDK2, 4, and CDC2) showed significant overexpression in rats with severely cirrhotic livers. The p53 tumor suppressor protein increased dramatically in the CCl4-treated group, while it was not detected in the livers of TAA-treated rats. Upregulation of p21WAF1, a CDK inhibitory protein, was detected in TAA-treated rats, but not in CCl4-treated rats. Immunohistochemical data for cyclin D1, E, and PCNA were well correlated with immunoblotting data; these proteins were increased in hepatocytes surrounding the cirrhotic lesions, suggesting that hepatocyte regeneration is correlated with cell cycle-related protein expression in cirrhotic liver. In the TAA-treated rats, the expression of these proteins was increased both in hepatocytes and in ductule cells. Our data suggest that liver cirrhosis induced by CCl4 or TAA is associated with alterations in cell cycle-related proteins, and that the expression of these proteins is responsible for hepatocyte regeneration in the damaged liver and may be involved in liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine Kyungpook National University, Daegue, Korea
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Jeon JS, Lee S, Jung KH, Jun SH, Jeong DH, Lee J, Kim C, Jang S, Yang K, Nam J, An K, Han MJ, Sung RJ, Choi HS, Yu JH, Choi JH, Cho SY, Cha SS, Kim SI, An G. T-DNA insertional mutagenesis for functional genomics in rice. Plant J 2000; 22:561-70. [PMID: 10886776 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We have produced 22 090 primary transgenic rice plants that carry a T-DNA insertion, which has resulted in 18 358 fertile lines. Genomic DNA gel-blot and PCR analyses have shown that approximately 65% of the population contains more than one copy of the inserted T-DNA. Hygromycin resistance tests revealed that transgenic plants contain an average of 1.4 loci of T-DNA inserts. Therefore, it can be estimated that approximately 25 700 taggings have been generated. The binary vector used in the insertion contained the promoterless beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene with an intron and multiple splicing donors and acceptors immediately next to the right border. Therefore, this gene trap vector is able to detect a gene fusion between GUS and an endogenous gene, which is tagged by T-DNA. Histochemical GUS assays were carried out in the leaves and roots from 5353 lines, mature flowers from 7026 lines, and developing seeds from 1948 lines. The data revealed that 1.6-2.1% of tested organs were GUS-positive in the tested organs, and that their GUS expression patterns were organ- or tissue-specific or ubiquitous in all parts of the plant. The large population of T-DNA-tagged lines will be useful for identifying insertional mutants in various genes and for discovering new genes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Jeon
- National Research Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Republic of Korea
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Aratani N, Osuka A, Kim YH, Jeong DH, Kim D. Extremely Long, Discrete meso - meso-Coupled Porphyrin Arrays This work was supported by Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research (No. 11136221 and 11223205) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan and by CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology) from the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST). The work at KRISS was supported by the National Creative Research Initiatives of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:1458-1462. [PMID: 10777641 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(20000417)39:8<1458::aid-anie1458>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Aratani
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan)
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Sung SK, Yu GH, Nam J, Jeong DH, An G. Developmentally regulated expression of two MADS-box genes, MdMADS3 and MdMADS4, in the morphogenesis of flower buds and fruits in apple. Planta 2000; 210:519-528. [PMID: 10787044 DOI: 10.1007/s004250050040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two MADS-box genes, MdMADS3 and MdMADS4, were isolated from the apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) cultivar Fuji, and their spatial and temporal expression patterns were studied during morphological differentiation of the flower buds and the fruits. Both MdMADS3 and MdMADS4 showed high sequence similarities to FBP2 from petunia, TM5 from tomato, and AGL2, AGL4 from Arabidopsis. Although MdMADS3 was expressed in the inner three whorls of the floral primordium, its expression was hardly detectable in developing fruit. The second gene, MdMADS4, was ubiquitously expressed in the inflorescence meristem, floral meristem, all four floral organs, and fruit. Moreover, MdMADS4 expression was high in the vascular bundles assigned to the floral tube and the carpellary vascular bundles in fruit at early developmental stages. The MdMADS4 transcript also accumulated in embryos of the developing seeds. These results suggest that MdMADS3 and MdMADS4 are involved in different functions, and that MdMADS4 may function in the important events controlling flower and fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sung
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
We present an unusual case of vascular sling, tracheal stenosis by complete cartilaginous ring, and aberrant left subclavian artery with right aortic arch that underwent successful surgical repair for the sling. These abnormalities were suspected from unusual multiple indentations found on esophagogram. Complete preoperative diagnosis was established with chest computerized tomogram combined with angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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Sung SK, Jeong DH, Nam J, Kim SH, Kim SR, An G. Expressed sequence tags of fruits, peels, and carpels and analysis of mRNA expression levels of the tagged cDNAs of fruits from the Fuji apple. Mol Cells 1998; 8:565-77. [PMID: 9856344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to understand molecular events during fruit development and provide genetic resources for molecular breeding, 430 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from randomly selected clones of cDNA libraries prepared from young fruits, peels of mature fruits, and carpels of the Fuji apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Database comparisons of the ESTs revealed that 180 non-redundant clones showed a high similarity with previously identified genes. Among these, 138 clones exhibited a homology with previously identified plant genes and 12 were identical to genes that were previously identified from apples. The deduced amino acid sequences of 42 clones had a homology to proteins that have not been reported from plants. Eighteen cDNA clones from the young fruit library were selected for studying expression levels and patterns in reproductive organs and leaves. This study revealed that the clones can be classified into 3 different groups based on their expression levels. The first 9 clones were expressed strongly in at least one reproductive organ. Eight of these clones (vacuolar processing protease, sucrose phosphate synthase, arabinogalactan protein, UDP-glucose glucosyl transferase, major allergen D1, cystein proteinase inhibitor, lipoxygenase, and protease subunit SUG2) were highly expressed in mature flowers and young fruits, whereas one clone (z-carotene desaturase protein precursor) was preferentially expressed in mature flowers but weakly in young fruits. The second group includes 6 cDNA clones (glucose transport protein, aminomethyl transferase precursor protein, dTDP-D-glucose-4,6-dehydrogenase, 2 types of protein kinase, and selenium binding protein) that were weakly expressed. These clones were characterized by their preferential expression patterns in mature flowers and young fruits. The transcripts of 3 cDNA clones in the third group (vacuolar aminopetidase, beta-galactosidase, and EREBP-4) were detectable only by RT-PCR and they were preferentially expressed in young fruits. These results indicate that most ESTs that were isolated from young fruits are preferentially expressed in reproductive organs and thereby play important roles during reproductive organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sung
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea
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Kim KR, Kim JH, Jeong DH, Paek DJ, Liebich HM. Gas chromatographic profiling analysis of urinary organic acids from nonsmokers and smokers. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1997; 701:1-8. [PMID: 9389332 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A rapid profiling and screening procedure is described for the comparative analysis of urinary organic acids among the groups of nonsmokers and smokers. The procedure involves solid-phase extraction of organic acids using Chromosorb P in normal-phase partition mode, with subsequent single-step conversion to tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives, followed by direct gas chromatographic (GC) analysis on dual-capillary columns. A total of forty-two organic acids were positively identified by retention index (I) matching in urine samples (0.25 ml) from eleven nonsmokers and fifteen smokers studied. When the GC profiles were simplified to their corresponding organic acid I spectra in bar graphical form, characteristic patterns were obtained for each individual as well as for each average of nonsmoking and smoking groups. When stepwise discriminant analysis was performed on GC data after omitting hippuric acid, seven acids were selected as the variables most discriminating between smokers and nonsmokers. The star symbol plots drawn based on these discriminants were characteristic of each individual and group average, enabling to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers. And canonical plot produced by canonical discriminant analysis using the same variables as the data vectors displayed two separate clusters representing each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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Abstract
An efficient method is described for the simultaneous determination of 57 amines including volatile aliphatic amines, nonvolatile polyamines and catecholamines present in aqueous samples. The method is based on two-phase isobutyloxycarbonylation (isoBOC) with a pH shift. In 1.0 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.5, phenolic hydroxyl groups were allowed to react with isobutyl chloroformate in the dichloromethane phase, and subsequently pH of the aqueous phase was increased to 12.0 for the reaction of basic amino functions. The resulting N(O)-isoBOC amines were recovered by solid-phase extraction using Chromosorb P in normal phase partition mode, with subsequent tert.- butyldimethylsilylation of the remaining hydroxyl groups for gas chromatographic analysis. Using this combined procedure, linear responses were obtained in the concentration range of 0.2-12 ppm, with correlation coefficients varying from 0.945 to 0.999 for most of the amines studied except for 5-methoxytryptamine (0.864). Temperature-programmed retention index (I) sets as measured on DB-5 and DB-17 dual-capillary columns of different polarity were characteristic of each amine and thus, useful in the screening for amines by computer I matching. When applied to saliva samples, the present method allowed rapid screening for each spiked amine and unspiked polyamines such as 1,3-diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine and spermidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Kim
- College of Pharmacy, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
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