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Nguyen DK, Liu TW, Hsu SJ, Huynh QDT, Thi Duong TL, Chu MH, Wang YH, Vo TH, Lee CK. Xanthine oxidase inhibition study of isolated secondary metabolites from Dolichandrone spathacea (Bignoniaceae): In vitro and in silico approach. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101980. [PMID: 38439949 PMCID: PMC10909772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) has been widely recognized as a pivotal enzyme in developing hyperuricemia, primarily contributing to the excessive production of uric acid during purine metabolism in the liver. One of the standard treatment approaches involves reducing uric acid levels by inhibiting XO activity. In this study, the leaf extract of Dolichandrone spathacea, traditionally used in folk medicine, was found to inhibit XO activity in the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, their values were 78.57 ± 3.85 % (IC50 = 55.93 ± 5.73 µg/ml) and 69.43 ± 8.68 % (IC50 = 70.17 ± 7.98 µg/ml), respectively. The potential XO inhibitory components were isolated by bioactivity assays and the HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectra system. The main constituents of leaf extracts of Dolichandrone spathacea, six compounds, namely trans-4-methoxycinnamic acid (3), trans-3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (4), p-coumaric acid (5), martynoside (6), 6-O-(p-methoxy-E-cinnamoyl)-ajugol (7), and scolymoside (17), were identified as potent XO inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 19.34 ± 1.63 μM to 64.50 ± 0.94 μM. The enzyme kinetics indicated that compounds 3-5, 7, and 17 displayed competitive inhibition like allopurinol, while compound 6 displayed a mixed-type inhibition. Computational studies corroborated these experimental results, highlighting the interactions between potential metabolites and XO enzyme. The hydrogen bonds played crucial roles in the binding interaction, especially, scolymoside (17) forms a hydrogen bond with Mos3004, exhibited the lowest binding energy (-18.3286 kcal/mol) corresponding to the lowest IC50 (19.34 ± 1.63 μM). Furthermore, nine compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant. In conclusion, Dolichandrone spathacea and its constituents possess the potential to modulate the xanthine oxidase enzyme involved in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Khoa Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Ta-Wei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jung Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Quoc-Dung Tran Huynh
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Truc-Ly Thi Duong
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Man-Hsiu Chu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Han Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Thanh-Hoa Vo
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Hulett DA, Nguyen DK. Time Rescaling of a Primal-Dual Dynamical System with Asymptotically Vanishing Damping. Appl Math Optim 2023; 88:27. [PMID: 37274932 PMCID: PMC10232652 DOI: 10.1007/s00245-023-09999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we approach the minimization of a continuously differentiable convex function under linear equality constraints by a second-order dynamical system with an asymptotically vanishing damping term. The system under consideration is a time rescaled version of another system previously found in the literature. We show fast convergence of the primal-dual gap, the feasibility measure, and the objective function value along the generated trajectories. These convergence rates now depend on the rescaling parameter, and thus can be improved by choosing said parameter appropriately. When the objective function has a Lipschitz continuous gradient, we show that the primal-dual trajectory asymptotically converges weakly to a primal-dual optimal solution to the underlying minimization problem. We also exhibit improved rates of convergence of the gradient along the primal trajectories and of the adjoint of the corresponding linear operator along the dual trajectories. We illustrate the theoretical outcomes and also carry out a comparison with other classes of dynamical systems through numerical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alexander Hulett
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dang-Khoa Nguyen
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Nguyen DD, Nguyen-Ngoc H, Tran-Trung H, Nguyen DK, Thi Nguyen LT. Limonene and eucalyptol rich essential oils with their antimicrobial activity from the leaves and rhizomes of Conamomum vietnamense N.S. Lý & T.S. Hoang (Zingiberaceae). PHAR 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.70.e96946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Conamomum vietnamense, a new species of Zingiberaceae family, has been discovered and described from Tay Nguyen (Central Highlands, Vietnam) in 2022. The present study described the preparation of essential oil from leaves and rhizomes of the plant by hydrodistillation process. Then, the chemical composition of these essential oils was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), which indicated that limonene (18.74 and 26.20%) and eucalyptol (40.47 and 49.49%) were the main components, respectively. The essential oils also showed moderate antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacterial strains (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 299212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579), Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enterica ATCC 13076), and a pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans ATCC 10231) in the MIC range of 32–256 μg/mL, which was comparable to those of positive controls, streptomycin and cycloheximide. For the first time, the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of C. vietnamense were studied.
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Nguyen DK, Ghattas Y, Maul TM, Wei JL. Effusion Prevalence at Tympanostomy During COVID-19: Follow-Up. Ear Nose Throat J 2023:1455613221140275. [PMID: 36651354 PMCID: PMC9852964 DOI: 10.1177/01455613221140275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported pandemic year (2020) intraoperative middle ear effusion (MEE) rate at time of bilateral myringotomy tube (BMT) placement was 18% lower compared to pre-pandemic year (2019). After mandatory stay at home orders (MSHO) and pandemic social distancing precautions were relaxed, we aimed to assess the impact of a persistent pandemic with new COVID-19 variants on MEE presence during BMT. METHODS This study is a retrospective chart summary exempted by Nemours institutional review board at a single tertiary children's hospital. Children < 18 years who underwent BMT during March 1, 2019-June 31, 2019 (pre-COVID), March 1, 2020-June 31, 2020 (PY1), and March 1, 2021-June 31, 2021 (PY2) were included. Statistical analysis included chi-squared and KruskalWallis. RESULTS A total of 1069 BMTs were reviewed: 551 (52%) during pre-COVID, 227 (21%) during PY1, and 291 (27%) during PY2. There were no significant differences in age, sex, or BMI across comparison groups. Intraoperative MEE was significantly higher pre-COVID (83%) compared to PY1 (65%) and PY2 (69%) (P < .001) despite a small rebound in PY2. CONCLUSION Intraoperative MEE remains lower in subsequent pandemic years despite relaxed public health measures and may be impacted by persistent public health measures like masking, lower return to daycare, variable social distancing, and/or change to access to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Khoa Nguyen
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yasmine Ghattas
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Timothy M. Maul
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
- Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie L. Wei
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
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Boţ RI, Csetnek ER, Nguyen DK. Fast Augmented Lagrangian Method in the convex regime with convergence guarantees for the iterates. Math Program 2022; 200:147-197. [PMID: 37215306 PMCID: PMC10195761 DOI: 10.1007/s10107-022-01879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to minimize a continuously differentiable convex function with Lipschitz continuous gradient under linear equality constraints. The proposed inertial algorithm results from the discretization of the second-order primal-dual dynamical system with asymptotically vanishing damping term addressed by Boţ and Nguyen (J. Differential Equations 303:369-406, 2021), and it is formulated in terms of the Augmented Lagrangian associated with the minimization problem. The general setting we consider for the inertial parameters covers the three classical rules by Nesterov, Chambolle-Dossal and Attouch-Cabot used in the literature to formulate fast gradient methods. For these rules, we obtain in the convex regime convergence rates of order O1/k2 for the primal-dual gap, the feasibility measure, and the objective function value. In addition, we prove that the generated sequence of primal-dual iterates converges to a primal-dual solution in a general setting that covers the two latter rules. This is the first result which provides the convergence of the sequence of iterates generated by a fast algorithm for linearly constrained convex optimization problems without additional assumptions such as strong convexity. We also emphasize that all convergence results of this paper are compatible with the ones obtained in Boţ and Nguyen (J. Differential Equations 303:369-406, 2021) in the continuous setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Ioan Boţ
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernö Robert Csetnek
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dang-Khoa Nguyen
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Tapasak B, Nguyen DK, Cervantes SS. Infected Thyroglossal Duct Cyst in a Neonate: A Report of a Rare Case. Am J Case Rep 2022; 23:e936659. [PMID: 35660691 PMCID: PMC9186383 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.936659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 3-week-old
Final Diagnosis: Thyroglossal duct cyst
Symptoms: Infection • neck mass • respiratory distress
Medication: —
Clinical Procedure: Incision and drainage • Sistrunk’s procedure
Specialty: Otolaryngology • Pediatrics and Neonatology
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Tapasak
- Department of Medical Education, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA, FL
| | - Dang-Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Medical Education, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA, FL
| | - Sergio S. Cervantes
- Department of Medical Education, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA, FL
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Abstract
Objectives To characterize the treatment goals and values of adult patients with
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Study Design Mixed methods design based on semistructured interviews followed by
cross-sectional surveys. Setting Academic medical center and integrated managed care consortium. Methods Phase 1 involved qualitative analysis of focus groups and interviews to
define treatment goal categories. Phase 2 included analysis of
cross-sectional surveys on most important treatment goals from patients with
OSA presenting to sleep surgery clinic. Positive airway pressure (PAP) use,
Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, and apnea-hypopnea index were obtained to
determine influences on goal choices. Results During focus groups and interviews, treatment goal themes identified included
improving sleep quality, reducing daytime sleepiness, snoring sound
reduction, and health risk reduction. In phase 2, 536 patients were
surveyed, and they reported the primary treatment goals of health risk
reduction (35%), sleep quality improvement (28%), daytime sleepiness
improvement (21%), and snoring sound reduction (16%). The primary treatment
goal was associated with age (P < .0001), excessive
daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale score >10,
P < .0001), PAP use status (P <
.0001), and OSA severity (apnea-hypopnea index, P <
.0001). Severity of OSA was associated with increasing proportion of
patients choosing health risk reduction as the main treatment goal
(P < .05). Conclusions Adult OSA treatment goal choices vary with age, symptoms, PAP history, and
OSA severity. Understanding patient-specific goals is the essential first
step in the shared decision-making process when choosing surgical or
nonsurgical treatments. Ultimately, goal-focused discussions ensure
alignment of priorities and definitions of success between the patient and
the provider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Priyanka Tripuraneni
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Arushi Gulati
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erika M Stephens
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dang-Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Megan L Durr
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Jolie L Chang
- Surgery Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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8
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Nguyen DK, OLeary S, Gadalla MA, Wang R, Li W, Song Z, Roberts B, Alvino H, Tremellen KP, Mol BW. P–728 Can in couples with unexplained infertility the use of a prediction model to triage assisted reproduction technology save costs? Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Can in couples with unexplained infertility a prognosis-tailored management strategy, that delays treatment if natural conception prospects are good, reduce costs without affecting live-birth rate?
Summary answer
In couples with unexplained infertility, use of a prognostic tool for natural conception followed by expectant management in good-prognosis couples is cost-effective.
What is known already
Few countries have guidelines for the assessment of the likelihood of natural conception to determine access to publicly funded ART. In the Netherlands and New-Zealand, couples with unexplained infertility who have a good prognosis for natural conception are encouraged to delay starting ART. However, the cost-effectiveness of this prognosis-tailored treatment strategy has not been determined.
Study design, size, duration
We studied couples with unexplained infertility to compare a prognosis-tailored strategy to care-as-usual. In the prognosis-tailored strategy, couples were assessed using Hunault’s prediction model. In good-prognosis couples (12-months natural conception >40%), outcomes without ART were modelled by censoring observations after start of ART. We then assumed that poor-prognosis couples (<40% natural conception) were treated, while good-prognosis couples delayed the start of treatment for 12 months. Data for the care-as-usual model were based on real observations.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
We studied 272 couples with unexplained infertility. Costs of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intra-uterine insemination (IUI) were calculated based on the out-of-pocket costs and Australian Medicare costs. In a cost-effectiveness model, we compared costs and effects of both strategies.
Main results and the role of chance
The prognostic model classified 272 couples with unexplained infertility as favourable (N = 107 (39.3%) or unfavourable prognosis (N = 165 (60.7%)) for natural conception. In the prognosis-tailored strategy, the cumulative live-birth rate was 71.1% (95% CI 64.7% - 76.4%) while the number of ART cycles was 393 (353 IVF; 40 IUI). In care-as-usual strategy, the cumulative conception rate leading to live-birth for the cohort of 272 couples, who underwent a total of 398 IVF cycles and 48 IUI cycles, was 72.1% (95% CI 65.7% - 77.4%). Mean time to conception leading to live birth was 388 days in the prognosis-tailored strategy and 419 days in the care-as-usual strategy.
This translated for the 272 couples into potential savings of 45 IVF cycles and eight IUI cycles, which cost a total of AUD$ 125,817 for out-of-pocket and AUD$ 264,497 for Australian Medicare. The average cost savings per couple was AUD$ 1,435 (out-of-pocket AUD$ 463 per couple and Australian Medicare AUD$ 962 per couple). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, which was calculated as the total costs per additional live-births, was AUD$ 143,497 per additional live birth.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This study was limited to couples at a single IVF clinic. The modelling was also based on several key assumptions, particularly the number of fresh and frozen embryo transfer cycles for each couple.
Wider implications of the findings: Our results show that in couples with unexplained infertility the use of a prognostic model guiding the start of an IVF-treatment reduces costs without compromising live birth rates.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Nguyen
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S OLeary
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M A Gadalla
- Women’s Health Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology- Faculty of Medicine- Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - R Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Z Song
- Faculty of Medicine- Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Roberts
- Repromed IVF Adelaide, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia
| | - H Alvino
- Repromed IVF Adelaide, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia
| | - K P Tremellen
- Repromed IVF Adelaide, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia
| | - B W Mol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Nguyen DK, Jueng J, Maul TM, Wei JL. Middle ear effusion prevalence at time of tympanostomy before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 147:110785. [PMID: 34116322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of pediatric otitis media with effusion (OME) and recurrent otitis media typically includes observation up to 3 months. Bilateral myringotomy and tube (BMT) placement is performed due to persistent effusion with associated symptoms such as decreased hearing. With the COVID-19 pandemic and mandatory stay at home orders (MSHO), children were quarantined at home and many remained home after MSHO. We reviewed the prevalence of middle ear effusion (MEE) at the time of BMT during similar time periods in the year before, during and after MSHO in this pandemic year. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective summary of BMT cases at a single tertiary children's hospital. METHODS All children <18 years who underwent BMT between March 1, 2020 and July 1, 2020 and between March 1, 2019 and July 1, 2019 were included. Statistical analysis included chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS A total of 778 cases were reviewed; 551 (71%) were performed pre-pandemic and 227 (29%) during onset of pandemic (N = 778). There were no significant differences in gender, age, and BMI between groups, but significantly fewer Caucasians (58% vs. 45%, p < 0.05) and more Hispanics (20% vs. 33%, p < 0.05) during-COVID. The prevalence of intraoperative effusion during-COVID was significantly lower compared to pre-COVID (65% vs. 83%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Pandemic and COVID-19 MSHO were associated with significantly lower intraoperative OME prevalence. Further research may elucidate the impact of face covering, social distancing, and virtual schooling on the incidence of pediatric ROM, OME, and ENT symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Khoa Nguyen
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Jeremy Jueng
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Timothy M Maul
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie L Wei
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
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Hammoud A, Chhin D, Nguyen DK, Sawan M. A new molecular imprinted PEDOT glassy carbon electrode for carbamazepine detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 180:113089. [PMID: 33662846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor for the detection of carbamazepine was fabricated by the electropolymerization of PEDOT on glassy carbon electrodes. Molecular imprinted polymer sites were synthesized by cyclic voltammetry on the electrodes' surfaces providing high selectivity and sensitivity towards carbamazepine molecules. Scanning electron microscopy validated the formation of the polymer. Extraction of carbamazepine from the polymer was performed by immersion in acetonitrile and validated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy along with cyclic voltammetry experiments comparing pre- and post-template extraction data. Further cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry tests aided in characterizing the electrodes' response to carbamazepine concentration in PBS solution with [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- as a redox pair/mediator. The limits of detection and quantification were found to be 0.98 x 10-3 M and 2.97 x 10-3 M respectively. The biosensor was highly sensitive to carbamazepine molecules in comparison to non-imprinted electrodes, simple to construct and easy to operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hammoud
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - D Chhin
- Département de Chimie, UQAM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - D K Nguyen
- Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Sawan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; School of Engineering, Westlake University, And Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Nguyen TT, Ho AS, Nguyen TKG, Nguyen TN, Bui VC, Nguyen TB, Dang HHQ, Nguyen DK, Nguyen TN, Nguyen LT. Efficacy of nimotuzumab (hR3) conjugated with 131I or 90Y in laryngeal carcinoma xenograft mouse model. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:704-713. [PMID: 33617414 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1889703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The humanized monoclonal antibody hR3, both alone and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy, can be used to treat head and neck cancers. Substantial progress has been made in the development of targeted radioimmunotherapy using iodine-131 (131I) and yttrium-90 (90Y) radioisotopes in recent years. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of hR3 conjugated with 131I or 90Y to inhibit tumor growth in a laryngeal carcinoma xenograft tumor model. METHODS hR3 was labeled with 131I or 90Y to generate the conjugates 131I-hR3 or 90Y-hR3. The conjugates were incubated with HEp-2 laryngeal carcinoma cells to evaluate binding capacity. The efficacy of the labeled hR3 conjugates to treat laryngeal cancer was also evaluated in nude mice inoculated with HEp-2 tumors. RESULTS The purified radioimmunoconjugates with specific activities of 187-191 MBq/mg had radiochemical purity >98% and >80% immunoreactivity with HEp-2 cells. Mice with HEp-2 xenografts treated with 131I-hR3 or 90Y-hR3 showed reduced tumor volume and improved survival rates compared to the untreated control group and the group treated with unlabeled hR3. At equivalent doses, radioimmunotherapeutic hR3 labeled with 90Y had increased tumor inhibition activity compared to hR3 labeled with 131I. CONCLUSIONS 131I-hR3 and 90Y-hR3 are promising targeted radiopharmaceuticals for treatment of head and neck cancers, especially laryngeal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anh-Son Ho
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linh-Toan Nguyen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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12
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Gagliano L, Assi EB, Toffa DH, Nguyen DK, Sawan M. Unsupervised Clustering of HRV Features Reveals Preictal Changes in Human Epilepsy. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2020:698-701. [PMID: 33018083 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Over a third of patients suffering from epilepsy continue to live with recurrent disabling seizures and would greatly benefit from personalized seizure forecasting. While electroencephalography (EEG) remains most popular for studying subject-specific epileptic precursors, dysfunctions of the autonomous nervous system, notably cardiac activity measured in heart rate variability (HRV), have also been associated with epileptic seizures. This work proposes an unsupervised clustering technique which aims to automatically identify preictal HRV changes in 9 patients who underwent simultaneous electrocardiography (ECG) and intracranial EEG presurgical monitoring at the University of Montreal Hospital Center. A 2-class k-means clustering combined with a quantitative preictal HRV change detection technique were adopted in a subject- and seizure-specific manner. Results indicate inter and intra-patient variability in preictal HRV changes (between 3.5 and 6.5 min before seizure onset) and a statistically significant negative correlation between the time of change in HRV state and the duration of seizures (p<0.05). The presented findings show promise for new avenues of research regarding multimodal seizure prediction and unsupervised preictal time assessment.Clinical Relevance- This study proposed an unsupervised technique for quantitatively identifying preictal HRV changes which can be eventually used to implement an ECG-based seizure forecasting algorithm.
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Nguyen DK, Liang J, Durr M. Topical nasal treatment efficacy on adult obstructive sleep apnea severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 11:153-161. [PMID: 32713164 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal obstruction is a common complaint in patients with sleep-disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Although topical nasal treatments (TNTs) have been shown to reduce nasal resistance and improve nasal obstruction, there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of TNTs in adult OSA. In this systematic review and meta-analysis we aim to evaluate the role of TNTs in adults with OSA. Data sources used included PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central, from January 2001 to July 2019. METHODS Inclusion criteria were English-language studies containing original data on TNTs in adults (≥18 years) with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥5). Exclusion criteria were case reports, studies without outcome measures, and concurrent non-TNT treatment for OSA. Two investigators independently reviewed all articles and performed quality assessment using validated tools. Meta-analysis and quality assessment were performed. RESULTS Of the 2180 abstracts identified, 8 studies met inclusion criteria. TNTs included decongestants (4 of 8 studies), corticosteroids (3 of 8), and antihistamines (1 of 8). Outcome measures included AHI (8 of 8), respiratory distress index (RDI; 1 of 8), oxygen-desaturation index (ODI; 3 of 8), minimum SaO2 (MinSaO2 ; 4 of 8), nasal resistance (4 of 8), endoscopic sinus surgery (4 of 8 studies) and standardized rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire scores (1 of 8 studies). Qualitatively, all studies showed trends toward improving objective and subjective measures of OSA, although the significance of these improvements varied across studies. A meta-analysis was performed in 5 studies, but TNTs did not reveal a significant change in AHI (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION TNTs may improve minimum oxygen saturation, ODI, RDI, and subjective/quality-of-life measures. Allergic patients may have more improvement in OSA measures compared with nonallergic patients. Future studies are indicated to accurately determine the efficacy of TNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Liang
- Otolaryngology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Megan Durr
- Otolaryngology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
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14
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Boţ RI, Nguyen DK. A forward-backward penalty scheme with inertial effects for monotone inclusions. Applications to convex bilevel programming. Optimization 2018; 68:1855-1880. [PMID: 31708644 PMCID: PMC6817331 DOI: 10.1080/02331934.2018.1556662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a forward-backward splitting algorithm of penalty type with inertial effects for finding the zeros of the sum of a maximally monotone operator and a cocoercive one and the convex normal cone to the set of zeroes of an another cocoercive operator. Weak ergodic convergence is obtained for the iterates, provided that a condition expressed via the Fitzpatrick function of the operator describing the underlying set of the normal cone is verified. Under strong monotonicity assumptions, strong convergence for the sequence of generated iterates is proved. As a particular instance we consider a convex bilevel minimization problem including the sum of a non-smooth and a smooth function in the upper level and another smooth function in the lower level. We show that in this context weak non-ergodic and strong convergence can be also achieved under inf-compactness assumptions for the involved functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Ioan Boţ
- Research Platform Data Science @ Uni Vienna and
Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna
Austria
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15
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Abstract
The insula is a deep cortical structure sharing extensive synaptic connections with a variety of brain regions, including several frontal, temporal, and parietal structures. The identification of the insular connectivity network is obviously valuable for understanding a number of cognitive processes, but also for understanding epilepsy since insular seizures involve a number of remote brain regions. Ultimately, knowledge of the structure and causal relationships within the epileptic networks associated with insular cortex epilepsy can offer deeper insights into this relatively neglected type of epilepsy enabling the refining of the clinical approach in managing patients affected by it. In the present chapter, we first review the multimodal noninvasive tests performed during the presurgical evaluation of epileptic patients with drug refractory focal epilepsy, with particular emphasis on their value for the detection of insular cortex epilepsy. Second, we review the emerging multimodal investigation techniques in the field of epilepsy, that aim to (1) enhance the detection of insular cortex epilepsy and (2) unveil the architecture and causal relationships within epileptic networks. We summarize the results of these approaches with emphasis on the specific case of insular cortex epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zerouali
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Ghaziri
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D K Nguyen
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; CHUM-Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical stimulation used for brain mapping in the postero-superior insula can evoke pain. The effects of prolonged high frequency insular stimulation on pain thresholds are unknown. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS Prolonged high frequency insular stimulation, by virtue of its inhibitory properties on networks, could decrease thermal nociception. METHODS Epileptic subjects had electrodes implanted in the insular cortex for the purpose of epileptic focus resection. Thermal and pressure nociceptive thresholds were tested bilaterally on the forearm on two consecutive days. Randomly assigned double-blind high frequency (150 Hz) insular stimulation took place for 10 min before pain testing either on the first day or on the second day. RESULTS Six subjects (three females; mean age of 35 years) were included. Insular stimulation increased heat pain threshold on the ipsilateral (p = 0.003; n = 6) and contralateral sides (p = 0.047; n = 6). Differences in cold pain threshold did not reach statistical significance (ipsilateral: p = 0.341, contralateral: p = 0.143; n = 6), but one subject had a profound decrease in both heat and cold pain responses. Pressure pain threshold was not modified by insular stimulation (ipsilateral: p = 0.1123; contralateral: p = 0.1192; n = 6). Two of the three subjects who had a postero-superior operculo-insulectomy developed central pain with contralateral thermal nociceptive deficit. CONCLUSIONS High frequency inhibitory postero-superior insular stimulation may have the potential to decrease thermal nociception. Together with previous studies, our data support the notion that the integrity of this brain region is necessary for thermal but not pressure nociceptive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Denis
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hôpital Notre-Dame), Canada
| | - R Marouf
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - P Rainville
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Université de Montréal, Canada
- Department of Stomatology, Université de Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC), Université de Montréal, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur le système nerveux central (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - A Bouthillier
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hôpital Notre-Dame), Canada
| | - D K Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Université de Montréal (Hôpital Notre-Dame), Canada
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17
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Chevrier MC, Bard C, Guilbert F, Nguyen DK. Structural abnormalities in patients with insular/peri-insular epilepsy: spectrum, frequency, and pharmacoresistance. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:2152-6. [PMID: 23811976 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Between 2002 and 2010, a total of 48 patients were seen at our epilepsy clinic with insular/peri-insular cortex epilepsy. Review of their MR imaging scans revealed a neoplastic lesion in 27% of patients, a malformation of cortical development in 21%, a vascular malformation in 19%, and atrophy/gliosis from an acquired insult in 17%. MR imaging results were normal in 4 patients. Other miscellaneous findings included a case of Rasmussen encephalitis, a nonspecific insular millimetric T2 signal abnormality, a neuroepithelial cyst, and hippocampal sclerosis without MR imaging evidence of dual insular pathologic features (despite depth electrode-proven insular seizures). Refractoriness to antiepileptic drug treatment was present in 56% of patients: 100% for patients with malformations of cortical development (1.0; 95% CI, 0.72-1.0), 50.0% (0.5; 95% CI, 0.21-0.78) in the presence of atrophy/gliosis from acquired insults, 39% (0.39; 95% CI, 0.14-0.68) for neoplastic lesions, and 22.2% (0.22; 95% CI, 0.06-0.55) for vascular malformations.
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18
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Abstract
Background The insula is a small but complex structure located in the depth of the sylvian fissure, covered by the frontal, parietal and temporal operculum. Ischemic strokes limited to the insula are rare and have not been well studied. Our objective is to better define the clinical presentation and outcome of insular ischemic strokes (IIS). Methods We reviewed the institutional prospective, consecutive stroke database from two centers to identify patients with IIS seen between 2008 and 2010. We also searched the Medline database using the keywords insula(r), infarction and stroke to identify previously published IIS cases confirmed by MRI. Minimal extension to an adjacent operculum or subinsular area was accepted. Clinicoradiological correlation was performed by distinguishing IIS involving the anterior (AIC) or posterior insular cortex (PIC). We collected clinical, demographic and radiological data. The outcome was determined using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results We identified 7 patients from our institutions and 16 previously published cases of IIS. Infarcts were limited to the AIC (n = 4) or the PIC (n = 12) or affected both (n = 7). The five most frequent symptoms were somatosensory deficits (n = 10), aphasia (n = 10), dysarthria (n = 10), a vestibular-like syndrome (n = 8) and motor deficits (n = 6). A significant correlation was found between involvement of the PIC and somatosensory manifestations (p = 0.04). No other statistically significant associations were found. IIS presentation resembled a partial anterior circulation infarct (n = 9), a lacunar infarct (n = 2) or a posterior circulation infarct (n = 2). However, most cases presented findings that did not fit with these classical patterns (n = 10). At the 6 month follow up, mRS was 0 in 8/23 (35%) patients, 1–2 in 7/23 (30%) and unknown in 8/23 (35%). Conclusions IIS presentation is variable. Due to the confluence of functions in a restricted region, it results in multimodal deficits. It should be suspected when vestibular-like or motor but especially somatosensory, speech or language disturbances are combined in the same patient. The outcome of IIS is often favorable. Larger prospective studies are needed to better define the clinical presentation and outcome of IIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lemieux
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Notre-Dame, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qué., Canada
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19
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Safi-Harb M, Salam MT, Mirabbasi S, Nguyen DK, Sawan M. A low-power high-sensitivity CMOS mixed-signal seizure-onset detector. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2011:5847-50. [PMID: 22255669 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6091446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a new seizure detection algorithm and the associated CMOS circuitry implementation. The proposed low-power seizure detector is a good candidate for an implantable epilepsy prosthesis. The device is designed for patient-specific seizure detection with a one variable parameter. The parameter value is extracted from a single seizure that is subsequently excluded from the validation phase. A two-path system is also proposed to minimize the detection delay. The algorithm is first validated using MATLAB® tools and then implemented and validated using circuits designed in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process with a total power dissipation of 7.08 μW. A total of 13 seizures from two drug-resistant epileptic patients are assessed using the proposed algorithm and resulted in 100% sensitivity and a mean detection delay of 9.7 s after electrical onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Safi-Harb
- Polystim Neurotechnologies Laboratory, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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20
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Moeller F, Tyvaert L, Nguyen DK, LeVan P, Bouthillier A, Kobayashi E, Tampieri D, Dubeau F, Gotman J. EEG-fMRI: adding to standard evaluations of patients with nonlesional frontal lobe epilepsy. Neurology 2009; 73:2023-30. [PMID: 19996077 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181c55d17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients with nonlesional frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), the delineation of the epileptogenic zone is difficult. Therefore these patients are often not considered for surgery due to an unclear seizure focus. The aim of this study was to investigate whether EEG-fMRI can add useful information in the preoperative evaluation of these patients. METHODS Nine nonlesional FLE patients were studied with EEG-fMRI using a 3 T scanner. Spike-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal changes were compared to the topography of the spikes and to PET and SPECT results if available. The structural MRIs were reviewed for subtle abnormalities in areas that showed BOLD responses. For operated patients, postoperative resection and histology were compared to BOLD responses. RESULTS Concordance between spike localization and positive BOLD response was found in 8 patients. PET and SPECT investigations corresponded with BOLD signal changes in 6 of 7 investigations. In 2 cases, reviewing the structural MRI guided by EEG-fMRI data resulted in considering a suspicious deep sulcus. Two patients were operated. In 1, the resected cortex corresponded with the suspicious sulcus and fMRI results and histology showed cortical dysplasia. In another, histology revealed an extended microdysgenesis not visible on structural MRI. EEG-fMRI had shown activation just adjacent to the resected pathologic area. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides different types of support (topography, concordance with PET and SPECT, structural peculiarities, postoperative histology) that EEG-fMRI may help to delineate the epileptic focus in patients with nonlesional frontal lobe epilepsy, a challenging group in the preoperative evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Moeller
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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21
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Abstract
Levetiracetam (Keppra) is a novel antiepileptic drug approved as adjunctive treatment for adults with partial onset seizures. Although the drug is generally well tolerated, behavioral side effects have been reported in variable frequency. Most behavioral problems are mild in nature (agitation, hostility, anxiety, emotional lability, apathy, depression) and quickly resolve with discontinuation of medication. However, serious psychiatric adverse events may also occur with rare cases of psychosis and suicidal behavior. We report here the case of a 43-year-old woman who developed symptoms compatible with catatonia after being exposed to levetiracetam for the treatment of epilepsy. To our knowledge, it is the first reported case of catatonia induced by levetiracetam. We review the difficulties that may be encountered in the differential diagnosis of medical catatonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Josée Chouinard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, CHUM Hôpital Notre Dame, 1560 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal (Québec), Canada H2L 4M1
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22
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Tremblay C, Robert M, Pascual-Leone A, Lepore F, Nguyen DK, Carmant L, Bouthillier A, Théoret H. Action observation and execution: Intracranial recordings in a human subject. Neurology 2004; 63:937-8. [PMID: 15365160 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000137111.16767.c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Tremblay
- Groupe de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- M-H Dion
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Buford WL, Ivey FM, Nakamura T, Patterson RM, Nguyen DK. Internal/external rotation moment arms of muscles at the knee: moment arms for the normal knee and the ACL-deficient knee. Knee 2001; 8:293-303. [PMID: 11706692 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0160(01)00106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the three-dimensional balance of loads at the knee joint is required to adequately assess the treatment and rehabilitation of the malfunctioning knee. This report focuses upon the moment arms for the knee in internal/external (IE) rotation motion. It augments prior work that defined flexion/extension moment arms. Muscle excursions and angular motion of the lower leg during IE rotation were measured in 17 fresh-frozen hemi-pelvis specimens. Moment arms were calculated as the derivatives of excursion with respect to the angle. Rotational motion was performed for the normal and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee. Of the 13 muscles measured at the knee, seven were significant contributors to IE rotation: the biceps femoris long and short head externally rotate opposite the gracilis, sartorious, semimembranosis, semitendonosus and popliteus, functioning as internal rotators. Moment arm magnitudes were greatest with the knee in a flexed position (internal [external] rotators peaked at 70 degrees [90 degrees] flexion). At 30 degrees flexion, the IE rotation moment arm minima and maxima were 10.1-11.6, 6.8-9.0, 6.0-15.7, 8.2-14.1 and 0.0-10.4 mm for the semimembranosis, semitendonosus, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus, and 14.7-27.9 and 18.5-31.5 mm for the biceps femoris short and long, respectively. Moment arms for the ACL-deficient condition were significantly changed only at extremes of flexion-extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Buford
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Biomechanics Laboratory, 301 University Boulevard, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0892, USA.
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25
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Pétra PH, Woodcock KT, Orr WR, Nguyen DK, Sui LM. The sex steroid binding protein (SBP or SHBG) of human plasma: identification of Tyr-57 and Met-107 in the steroid binding site. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 75:139-45. [PMID: 11226830 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(00)00169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine-57 (Y57) and methionine-107 (M107) have been identified in the binding site of the sex steroid binding protein (SBP) (or sex hormone binding globulin) of human plasma by replacing the two amino acids with a number of residues of varying structure. Replacement of Y57 with phenylalanine resulted in a fourfold increase in the K(d) of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone but left the K(d) of 17 beta-estradiol unchanged. Except in two cases, no further loss in binding took place when replacing Y57 with other residues, suggesting that the phenolic group of Y57 may form a hydrogen bond with the ligand. Replacement of M107 with isoleucine increased the 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone K(d) fourfold to a value equal to that of rabbit SBP, which contains isoleucine at the corresponding position; however, the K(d) of 17 beta-estradiol remained unchanged. Replacement of M107 with threonine resulted in a tenfold decrease in 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding affinity, whereas replacement with leucine left the K(d) unchanged. These data indicate that substitutions on the beta-carbon of the amino acid side-chain at position 107 causes significant loss of binding affinity but, as in the case of Y57, the activity was not totally eliminated. We conclude that Y57 and M107 form part of a structural motif within the steroid binding site and specifically contribute binding energy to ring A of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone but not to ring A of 17 beta-estradiol. We also propose that the integrated contribution of several side chains may be required to optimize the ligand affinity of the steroid binding site. This proposal may fit a 'lock and key' model where little movement of the side chains occurs during binding as might be expected for a rigid structure like the steroid nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Pétra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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26
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Simon JA, Szankasi P, Nguyen DK, Ludlow C, Dunstan HM, Roberts CJ, Jensen EL, Hartwell LH, Friend SH. Differential toxicities of anticancer agents among DNA repair and checkpoint mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cancer Res 2000; 60:328-33. [PMID: 10667584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Most cytotoxic anticancer agents damage DNA directly, interfere with DNA metabolism or chromosome segregation, and are particularly toxic in dividing cells. Although a considerable amount of information on the mechanisms of action of these agents is available, the molecular bases for selective tumor cell killing by chemotherapy are largely unknown. Many genetic alterations found in sporadic and hereditary cancers affect functions in DNA repair and cell cycle control and result in sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. We have therefore set out to determine the effects of these cancer mutations on sensitivity or resistance to various chemotherapeutic agents. Because most of the affected genes are well conserved among eukaryotes, we have carried out a comprehensive analysis of a panel of isogenic yeast strains, each defective in a particular DNA repair or cell cycle checkpoint function, for sensitivity to the Food and Drug Administration-approved cytotoxic anticancer agents. Widely different toxicity profiles were observed for 23 agents and X-rays, indicating that the type of DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint mutations in individual tumors could strongly influence the outcome of a particular chemotherapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Simon
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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27
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Hendrickson L, Davis CR, Roach C, Nguyen DK, Aldrich T, McAda PC, Reeves CD. Lovastatin biosynthesis in Aspergillus terreus: characterization of blocked mutants, enzyme activities and a multifunctional polyketide synthase gene. Chem Biol 1999; 6:429-39. [PMID: 10381407 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(99)80061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lovastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor produced by the fungus Aspergillus terreus, is composed of two polyketide chains. One is a nonaketide that undergoes cyclization to a hexahydronaphthalene ring system and the other is a simple diketide, 2-methylbutyrate. Fungal polyketide synthase (PKS) systems are of great interest and their genetic manipulation should lead to novel compounds. RESULTS An A. terreus mutant (BX102) was isolated that could not synthesize the nonaketide portion of lovastatin and was missing a approximately 250 kDa polypeptide normally present under conditions of lovastatin production. Other mutants produced lovastatin intermediates without the methylbutyryl sidechain and were missing a polypeptide of approximately 220 kDa. The PKS inhibitor cerulenin reacted covalently with both polypeptides. Antiserum raised against the approximately 250 kDa polypeptide was used to isolate the corresponding gene, which complemented the BX102 mutation. The gene encodes a polypeptide of 269 kDa containing catalytic domains typical of vertebrate fatty acid and fungal PKSs, plus two additional domains not previously seen in PKSs: a centrally located methyltransferase domain and a peptide synthetase elongation domain at the carboxyl terminus. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the nonaketide and diketide portions of lovastatin are synthesized by separate large multifunctional PKSs. Elucidation of the primary structure of the PKS that forms the lovastatin nonaketide, as well as characterization of blocked mutants, provides new details of lovastatin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hendrickson
- ICOS Corporation, 22021 20th Ave SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
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Abstract
During a 15-year period, 29 children, under the age of 6 years, with acute Guillain-Barré syndrome were seen at our institution. A review of their charts revealed that pain was a symptom in all patients and was present on admission in 79% of cases. Pain was often the most important symptom and led to misdiagnosis in 20 patients (69%). In 11 of these children, symptoms were present for more than a week before the correct diagnosis was made. The most common pain syndrome was back and lower limb pain, present in 83% of patients. Pediatricians should consider Guillain-Barré syndrome in their differential diagnosis when faced with a child who has lower limb pain and areflexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Nguyen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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29
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Abstract
We review forms of diaschisis and their relationship with neurobehavioral and neuropsychological findings. The following forms of diaschisis are discussed: (1) cortico-cerebellar diaschisis; (2) cerebello-cortical diaschisis; (3) transhemispheric diaschisis; (4) cortico-thalamic diaschisis; (5) thalamo-cortical diaschisis; and (6) basal ganglia-cortical diaschisis. For each form, the neurobehavioral and neuropsychological findings are discussed. Diaschisis can be classified from the behavioral point of view as follows: (1) forms in which the metabolic effect at distance is not followed by neurobehavioral impairment; (2) forms in which the remote metabolic impairment could induce neurobehavioral and neuropsychological disorders; and (3) forms in which the role of the lesion itself and its remote metabolic effects on the production of neurobehavioral and neuropsychological abnormalities cannot be disentangled.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Nguyen
- Neurobiology and Neuropsychology Research Unit, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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30
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Buford WL, Ivey FM, Malone JD, Patterson RM, Peare GL, Nguyen DK, Stewart AA. Muscle balance at the knee--moment arms for the normal knee and the ACL-minus knee. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 1997; 5:367-79. [PMID: 9422462 DOI: 10.1109/86.650292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Forces, moments and stresses at the knee are dependent upon external and internal loading factors including muscle forces, segmental position and velocity, load carried, and the moment arms (mechanical advantage) of the muscle-tendon units. Requisite to prediction of forces and moments is a detailed understanding of effective moment arms throughout the knee range-of-motion (ROM). Existing muscle models for the knee are based upon limited static studies of only a few preserved specimens. The objectives of this report are to develop a comprehensive description of muscle-tendon moment arms for the normal knee and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-minus knee during flexion-extension motion. Recent research results describe two nonorthogonal, nonintersecting axes of motion for the knee--one describing flexion-extension (FE) and the other longitudinal rotation (LR, equivalent to internal-external rotation). The effective flexion-extension moment arms of the muscles crossing the knee were developed with respect to the FE axis in 15 fresh, hemi-pelvis cadaver specimens. The normal moment arms for each of 13 muscles plus the patellar tendon exhibited variable, yet repeatable and recognizable patterns throughout the ROM. For most muscles there was no significant difference between the normal and ACL-minus moment arms. The results provide a basis for more accurate predictions of joint reaction forces and moments as well as useful knowledge for practitioners and therapists to assist in the assessment of muscle balance at the knee following injury, repair, and throughout rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Buford
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, USA
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Woo DD, Nguyen DK, Khatibi N, Olsen P. Genetic identification of two major modifier loci of polycystic kidney disease progression in pcy mice. J Clin Invest 1997; 100:1934-40. [PMID: 9329956 PMCID: PMC508382 DOI: 10.1172/jci119724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike the uniform disease progression in inbred animals, polycystic kidney disease (PKD) progression within human families can be highly variable. This may be due to environmental or genetic factors or both. To determine if PKD severity can be influenced by modifier genes, we carried out an intercross between DBA/2-pcy/pcy and Mus m. castaneous involving 3,105 6-wk-old F2 mice. Large differences in PKD severity were observed in this cross. In addition, 23/ 800 phenotypically normal mice were pcy/pcy genotypically. These results demonstrated that PKD progression in pcy/ pcy mice is a quantitative trait that is strongly modulated by modifier genes. Whole genome quantitative trait loci mapping of 114 selected pcy/pcy mice (68 with the mild PKD and 46 with severe PKD) identified two loci, MOP1 and MOP2 that strongly modulate PKD progression. MOP1 (max LOD score = 10.3 at D4Mit111) and MOP2 (max LOD score = 13.8 at D16Mit1) accounted for 36.7 and 46.8% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Two-factor ANOVA of the phenotypes and genotypes of all 673 pcy/pcy mice from our cross indicated that MOP1 and MOP2 alleles regulate PKD progression in a complex additive manner. Characterization of these novel modifying loci may provide additional insights into the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Woo
- Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1689, USA.
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Nguyen DK, Bruchet A, Arpino P. Determination of Sterols in Sewage Sludge by Combined in Situ Trimethylsilylation/Supercritical Fluid Extraction and GC/MS. Environ Sci Technol 1995; 29:1686-1690. [PMID: 22276896 DOI: 10.1021/es00006a037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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St-Denis JF, Comte B, Nguyen DK, Seidman E, Paradis K, Lévy E, van de Werve G. A conformational model for the human liver microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase system: evidence from rapid kinetics and defects in glycogen storage disease type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79:955-9. [PMID: 7962304 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.79.4.7962304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Rapid kinetics of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) uptake and hydrolysis as well as of orthophosphate uptake were investigated in microsomes prepared from normal and glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD 1a) human livers using a fast sampling, rapid filtration apparatus and were compared to those of rat liver microsomes. As shown before with rat microsomes, the production of [U-14C]glucose from 0.2 mmol/L [U-14C]G6P by untreated normal human microsomes was characterized by a burst in activity during the first seconds of incubation, followed by a slower linear rate. The initial velocity of the burst was equal to the rate of glucose production in detergent-treated microsomes. In untreated and detergent-treated GSD 1a microsomes, no glucose-6-phosphatase activity was observed. When untreated normal human or rat microsomes were incubated in the presence of 0.2 mmol/L [U-14C]G6P, an accumulation of [U-14C]glucose was observed, whereas no radioactive compound (G6P and/or glucose) was taken up by GSD 1a microsomes. Orthophosphate uptake was, however, detectable in both GSD 1a and normal untreated vesicles. These results do not support a rate-limiting transport of G6P in untreated normal human microsomes and further show that in this case of GSD 1a, no distinct G6P transport activity is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F St-Denis
- Department of Nutrition, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
The postulate that the hemodynamic changes produced by isoflurane (1.5%) involve release of nitric oxide (NO) was examined. Fifteen dogs were anesthetized with thiamylal (15 mg/kg) and ventilated with isoflurane and oxygen. Catheters were inserted for measurement of aortic pressure, pulmonary artery pressures, and determination of cardiac output. Left thoracotomy was performed and complete heart block was induced by injection of 37% formaldehyde (0.3 mL) into the atrioventricular node; ventricular rate was fixed at 100 beats/min by external pacing. An apical microtransducer was inserted into the left ventricle (LV) via the apex for measurement of left ventricular pressure (LVP) and its first derivative (dP/dt). Flow probes were mounted on the left circumflex (Cx) and anterior descending (AD) coronary arteries. Measurements were obtained before (control period) and during NO inhibition using IV NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) by a 50 mg/kg bolus plus 1 mg/kg/min. Infusion of L-NAME caused immediate and sustained increases in mean arterial pressure to 145 +/- 3% (P < 0.001), mean pulmonary arterial pressure to 128 +/- 5% (P < 0.001), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure to 144 +/- 8% (P < 0.001), coronary perfusion pressure to 163 +/- 4% (P < 0.001), systemic vascular resistance to 209 +/- 9% (P < 0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance to 142 +/- 12% (P < 0.005), anterior descending flow to 115 +/- 4% (P < 0.005), and circumflex flow to 113 +/- 3% (P < 0.01) of control levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Moore
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California-TB 170, Davis 95616
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Nguyen DK, Bruchet A, Arpino P. High resolution capillary GC-MS analysis of low molecular weight organic compounds in municipal wastewater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240170306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
In this study, it was demonstrated that site-specific suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responsiveness could indeed be achieved by topical application of cyclosporine. Evidence for site-specific immune suppression was obtained from a dual skin allograft model in rats. These animals were given an initial 10-d systemic treatment of CsA. Subsequently, one allograft was treated with topical CsA and the other was treated with the vehicle alone. Anti-inflammatory efficacy and prolonged skin allograft survival were observed both grossly and histopathologically in the presence of topically administered CsA, while contralateral vehicle-treated control grafts underwent vigorous rejection. Systemic lymphocyte DNA synthesis following Con-A and PHA stimulation was normal to elevated. Therefore, systemic T-cell-mediated immunity appeared unaffected or possibly activated even with concomitant topical CsA treatment. CsA levels were low systemically, and showed relative site-specificity in terms of tissue concentration. In conclusion, this study indicates that topical CsA is capable of locally suppressing a strong T-cell-mediated immune response after an initial short-term systemic dose of CsA. Furthermore, certain putative autoimmune and inflammatory diseases of the skin, such as psoriasis and eczematous dermatitis, which may share common mechanisms of action compared to skin allograft rejection should likewise benefit from topical CsA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Black
- Transplantation Laboratory, University of California, Irvine 92717
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