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Bartenbach D, Popescu R, Gerthsen D, Feldmann C. [Sm 6O 4(cbz) 10(thf) 6]·2C 7H 8: A Polynuclear Samarium Oxo Cluster Obtained from Carbazole-Driven Oxidation of Samarium Nanoparticles. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3072-3077. [PMID: 35130701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zerovalent samarium nanoparticles (1.7 ± 0.2 nm in size) are used as the starting material to prepare single crystals of the novel polynuclear samarium oxo cluster [Sm6O4(cbz)10(thf)6]·2C7H8. The reaction is performed by oxidation with carbazole (CbzH) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 50 °C with subsequent crystallization in toluene (C7H8). The oxo cluster contains noncharged molecular units with a central Sm6O4 core. Single-crystal structure analysis and infrared spectroscopy confirm the oxidation of CbzH with the formation of (cbz)-. Polynuclear carbazole complexes are generally rare and here prepared using metal nanoparticles as a reactive starting material for the first time. The reaction with CbzH as a sterically demanding ligand exemplarily shows the feasibility of rare-earth-metal nanoparticles for obtaining new compounds with complex composition and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bartenbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Radian Popescu
- Laboratorium für Elektronenmikroskopie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 7, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- Laboratorium für Elektronenmikroskopie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 7, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Bartenbach D, Wenzel O, Popescu R, Faden L, Reiß A, Kaiser M, Zimina A, Grunwaldt J, Gerthsen D, Feldmann C. Liquid‐Phase Synthesis of Highly Reactive Rare‐Earth Metal Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bartenbach
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Olivia Wenzel
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Radian Popescu
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Lara‐Pauline Faden
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Andreas Reiß
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michelle Kaiser
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Bartenbach D, Wenzel O, Popescu R, Faden LP, Reiß A, Kaiser M, Zimina A, Grunwaldt JD, Gerthsen D, Feldmann C. Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Highly Reactive Rare-Earth Metal Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17373-17377. [PMID: 33929069 PMCID: PMC8361762 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first liquid‐phase synthesis of high‐quality, small‐sized rare‐earth metal nanoparticles (1–3 nm)—ranging from lanthanum as one of the largest (187 pm) to scandium as the smallest (161 pm) rare‐earth metal—is shown. Size, oxidation state, and reactivity of the nanoparticles are examined (e.g., electron microscopy, electron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, selected reactions). Whereas the nanoparticles are highly reactive (e.g. in contact to air and water), they are chemically stable as THF suspensions and powders under inert conditions. The reactivity can be controlled to obtain inorganic and metal–organic compounds at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bartenbach
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olivia Wenzel
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Radian Popescu
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lara-Pauline Faden
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Reiß
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michelle Kaiser
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Merzlyakova E, Wolf S, Lebedkin S, Bayarjargal L, Neumeier BL, Bartenbach D, Holzer C, Klopper W, Winkler B, Kappes M, Feldmann C. 18-Crown-6 Coordinated Metal Halides with Bright Luminescence and Nonlinear Optical Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:798-804. [PMID: 33405904 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The crown-ether coordination compounds ZnX2(18-crown-6), EuX2(18-crown-6) (X: Cl, Br, I), MnI2(18-crown-6), Mn3Cl6(18-crown-6)2, Mn3I6(18-crown-6)2, and Mn2I4(18-crown-6) are obtained by ionic-liquid-based synthesis. Whereas MX2(18-crown-6) (M: Zn, Eu) show conventional structural motives, Mn3Cl6(18-crown-6)2, Mn3I6(18-crown-6)2, and Mn2I4(18-crown-6) exhibit unusual single MnX4 tetrahedra coordinated to the crown-ether complex. Surprisingly, some compounds show outstanding photoluminescence. Thus, rare Zn2+-based luminescence is observed and unexpectedly efficient for ZnI2(18-crown-6) with a quantum yield of 54%. Unprecedented quantum yields are also observed for Mn3I6(18-crown-6)2, EuBr2(18-crown-6), and EuI2(18-crown-6) with values of 98, 72, and 82%, respectively, which can be rationalized based on the specific structural features. Most remarkable, however, is Mn2I4(18-crown-6). Its specific structural features with finite sensitizer-activator couples result in an extremely strong emission with an outstanding quantum yield of 100%. Consistent with its structural features, moreover, anisotropic angle-dependent emission under polarized light and nonlinear optical (NLO) effects occur, including second-harmonic generation (SHG). The title compounds and their optical properties are characterized by single-crystal structure analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, chemical analysis, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and advanced spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Merzlyakova
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Silke Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lkhamsuren Bayarjargal
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhoeferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B Lilli Neumeier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Bartenbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bjoern Winkler
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhoeferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manfred Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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