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Sira N, Decker M, Kordtomeikel F, Winkens A, Leicht-Scholten C, Groß D. Chore or desire? Students' response to online lessons in scientific integrity. Account Res 2024; 31:497-514. [PMID: 36355351 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2022.2145956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the main responsibilities of universities for their students, researchers, and society is to teach scientific integrity. Over the years, many universities-including RWTH Aachen University-have developed modules to impart the rules of good scientific practice. The current case study outlines the "Scientific Integrity" online course of RWTH Aachen University that has been offered to all master's students starting in October 2020; it explains to what extent the topic of scientific integrity meets genuine interest among students. Based on the online questionnaires that students were asked to fill out before starting the course (Q1) and after completing the course (Q2), it was verified that the implemented course achieved a satisfactory, but expandable acceptance. 57% of study participants initially (Q1) strongly affirmed to be interested in the topic; said percentage increased to 65.3% at the end of the course (Q2). While at the time of Q1 most students admitted that they would not take the course if it were voluntary, the majority of study participants came to the opposite conclusion after the course (Q2). The results suggest that the assessment of the relevance of the course may be dependent on familiarity with its contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sira
- Institute of History, Theory and Ethics in Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Decker
- Research Group Gender and Diversity in Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Kordtomeikel
- Research Group Gender and Diversity in Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Winkens
- Research Group Gender and Diversity in Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - C Leicht-Scholten
- Research Group Gender and Diversity in Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Groß
- Institute of History, Theory and Ethics in Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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2
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Riede F, Matzig DN, Biard M, Crombé P, de Pablo JFL, Fontana F, Groß D, Hess T, Langlais M, Mevel L, Mills W, Moník M, Naudinot N, Posch C, Rimkus T, Stefański D, Vandendriessche H, Hussain ST. A quantitative analysis of Final Palaeolithic/earliest Mesolithic cultural taxonomy and evolution in Europe. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299512. [PMID: 38466685 PMCID: PMC10927100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Archaeological systematics, together with spatial and chronological information, are commonly used to infer cultural evolutionary dynamics in the past. For the study of the Palaeolithic, and particularly the European Final Palaeolithic and earliest Mesolithic, proposed changes in material culture are often interpreted as reflecting historical processes, migration, or cultural adaptation to climate change and resource availability. Yet, cultural taxonomic practice is known to be variable across research history and academic traditions, and few large-scale replicable analyses across such traditions have been undertaken. Drawing on recent developments in computational archaeology, we here present a data-driven assessment of the existing Final Palaeolithic/earliest Mesolithic cultural taxonomy in Europe. Our dataset consists of a large expert-sourced compendium of key sites, lithic toolkit composition, blade and bladelet production technology, as well as lithic armatures. The dataset comprises 16 regions and 86 individually named archaeological taxa ('cultures'), covering the period between ca. 15,000 and 11,000 years ago (cal BP). Using these data, we use geometric morphometric and multivariate statistical techniques to explore to what extent the dynamics observed in different lithic data domains (toolkits, technologies, armature shapes) correspond to each other and to the culture-historical relations of taxonomic units implied by traditional naming practice. Our analyses support the widespread conception that some dimensions of material culture became more diverse towards the end of the Pleistocene and the very beginning of the Holocene. At the same time, cultural taxonomic unit coherence and efficacy appear variable, leading us to explore potential biases introduced by regional research traditions, inter-analyst variation, and the role of disjunct macroevolutionary processes. In discussing the implications of these findings for narratives of cultural change and diversification across the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, we emphasize the increasing need for cooperative research and systematic archaeological analyses that reach across research traditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Riede
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, Højbjerg, Denmark
| | - David N. Matzig
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, Højbjerg, Denmark
| | - Miguel Biard
- INRAP, INRAP Centre Île-de-France Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives 18 rue Chapelle, Technologie et Ethnologie des Mondes Préhistorique, University of Paris-Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | | | | | - Federica Fontana
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici – Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Thomas Hess
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, Højbjerg, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Langlais
- CNRS UMR 5199 PACEA, University of Bordeaux, France & SERP University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ludovic Mevel
- CNRS UMR 7 8068 Technologie et Ethnologie des Mondes PréhistoriqueS, University of Paris-Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - William Mills
- Zentrum für Skandinavische und Baltische Archäologie, Schloß Gottorf, Schleswig, Germany
| | - Martin Moník
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Tomas Rimkus
- Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology, Klaipėda University, Klaipėda, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Shumon T. Hussain
- Institute for Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Jamieson A, Carmagnini A, Howard-McCombe J, Doherty S, Hirons A, Dimopoulos E, Lin AT, Allen R, Anderson-Whymark H, Barnett R, Batey C, Beglane F, Bowden W, Bratten J, De Cupere B, Drew E, Foley NM, Fowler T, Fox A, Geigl EM, Gotfredsen AB, Grange T, Griffiths D, Groß D, Haruda A, Hjermind J, Knapp Z, Lebrasseur O, Librado P, Lyons LA, Mainland I, McDonnell C, Muñoz-Fuentes V, Nowak C, O'Connor T, Peters J, Russo IRM, Ryan H, Sheridan A, Sinding MHS, Skoglund P, Swali P, Symmons R, Thomas G, Trolle Jensen TZ, Kitchener AC, Senn H, Lawson D, Driscoll C, Murphy WJ, Beaumont M, Ottoni C, Sykes N, Larson G, Frantz L. Limited historical admixture between European wildcats and domestic cats. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4751-4760.e14. [PMID: 37935117 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Domestic cats were derived from the Near Eastern wildcat (Felis lybica), after which they dispersed with people into Europe. As they did so, it is possible that they interbred with the indigenous population of European wildcats (Felis silvestris). Gene flow between incoming domestic animals and closely related indigenous wild species has been previously demonstrated in other taxa, including pigs, sheep, goats, bees, chickens, and cattle. In the case of cats, a lack of nuclear, genome-wide data, particularly from Near Eastern wildcats, has made it difficult to either detect or quantify this possibility. To address these issues, we generated 75 ancient mitochondrial genomes, 14 ancient nuclear genomes, and 31 modern nuclear genomes from European and Near Eastern wildcats. Our results demonstrate that despite cohabitating for at least 2,000 years on the European mainland and in Britain, most modern domestic cats possessed less than 10% of their ancestry from European wildcats, and ancient European wildcats possessed little to no ancestry from domestic cats. The antiquity and strength of this reproductive isolation between introduced domestic cats and local wildcats was likely the result of behavioral and ecological differences. Intriguingly, this long-lasting reproductive isolation is currently being eroded in parts of the species' distribution as a result of anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jamieson
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, The University of Oxford, OX1 3TG Oxford, UK; Palaeogenomics Group, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Alberto Carmagnini
- Palaeogenomics Group, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, UK
| | - Jo Howard-McCombe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TQ Bristol, UK; RZSS WildGenes Laboratory, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, EH12 6TS Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sean Doherty
- Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, EX4 4QE Exeter, UK
| | - Alexandra Hirons
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, The University of Oxford, OX1 3TG Oxford, UK
| | - Evangelos Dimopoulos
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, The University of Oxford, OX1 3TG Oxford, UK; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB3 0ES Cambridge, UK
| | - Audrey T Lin
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Richard Allen
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, The University of Oxford, OX1 3TG Oxford, UK
| | - Hugo Anderson-Whymark
- Department of Scottish History and Archaeology, National Museums Scotland, EH1 1JF Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ross Barnett
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Colleen Batey
- Institute for Northern Studies, University of the Highlands and Islands, KW15 1FL Kirkwall, UK; Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, DH1 3LE Durham, UK
| | - Fiona Beglane
- CERIS, School of Science, Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - Will Bowden
- Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, UK
| | - John Bratten
- Department of Anthropology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Bea De Cupere
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ellie Drew
- York Archaeological Trust, YO1 7BX York, UK
| | - Nicole M Foley
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tom Fowler
- Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, UK
| | - Allison Fox
- Manx National Heritage, Manx Museum, IM1 3LY Douglas, Isle of Man
| | - Eva-Maria Geigl
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Thierry Grange
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - David Griffiths
- Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxford, OX1 2JA Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Groß
- Museum Lolland-Falster, 4800 Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | - Ashleigh Haruda
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, The University of Oxford, OX1 3TG Oxford, UK
| | | | - Zoe Knapp
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, RG6 6AB Reading, UK
| | - Ophélie Lebrasseur
- Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Universite de Toulouse, Universite Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France; The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, The University of Oxford, OX1 3TG Oxford, UK
| | - Pablo Librado
- Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Universite de Toulouse, Universite Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Leslie A Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ingrid Mainland
- UHI Archaeology Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Orkney, Scotland
| | | | - Violeta Muñoz-Fuentes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD Cambridge, UK
| | - Carsten Nowak
- Centre for Wildlife Genetics & LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Terry O'Connor
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, YO10 5DD York, UK
| | - Joris Peters
- SNSB, State Collection of Palaeoanatomy Munich, 85586 Poing, Germany; Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hannah Ryan
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, The University of Oxford, OX1 3TG Oxford, UK
| | - Alison Sheridan
- Department of Scottish History and Archaeology, National Museums Scotland, EH1 1JF Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Pooja Swali
- The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | | | - Gabor Thomas
- Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, RG6 6AB Reading, UK
| | - Theis Zetner Trolle Jensen
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew C Kitchener
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, EH1 1JF Edinburgh, UK; School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XP Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helen Senn
- RZSS WildGenes Laboratory, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, EH12 6TS Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel Lawson
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, BS8 1UG Bristol, UK
| | | | - William J Murphy
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mark Beaumont
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TQ Bristol, UK
| | - Claudio Ottoni
- Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Naomi Sykes
- Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, EX4 4QE Exeter, UK
| | - Greger Larson
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, The University of Oxford, OX1 3TG Oxford, UK.
| | - Laurent Frantz
- Palaeogenomics Group, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, UK.
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Lucquin A, Robson HK, Oras E, Lundy J, Moretti G, González Carretero L, Dekker J, Demirci Ö, Dolbunova E, McLaughlin TR, Piezonka H, Talbot HM, Adamczak K, Czekaj-Zastawny A, Groß D, Gumiński W, Hartz S, Kabaciński J, Koivisto S, Linge TE, Meyer AK, Mökkönen T, Philippsen B, Piličiauskas G, Visocka V, Kriiska A, Raemaekers D, Meadows J, Heron C, Craig OE. The impact of farming on prehistoric culinary practices throughout Northern Europe. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310138120. [PMID: 37844237 PMCID: PMC10614617 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310138120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate changes in culinary practices associated with the arrival of farming, we analysed the organic residues of over 1,000 pottery vessels from hunter-gatherer-fisher and early agricultural sites across Northern Europe from the Lower Rhine Basin to the Northeastern Baltic. Here, pottery was widely used by hunter-gatherer-fishers prior to the introduction of domesticated animals and plants. Overall, there was surprising continuity in the way that hunter-gatherer-fishers and farmers used pottery. Both aquatic products and wild plants remained prevalent, a pattern repeated consistently across the study area. We argue that the rapid adaptation of farming communities to exploit coastal and lagoonal resources facilitated their northerly expansion, and in some cases, hunting, gathering, and fishing became the most dominant subsistence strategy. Nevertheless, dairy products frequently appear in pottery associated with the earliest farming groups often mixed with wild plants and fish. Interestingly, we also find compelling evidence of dairy products in hunter-gatherer-fisher Ertebølle pottery, which predates the arrival of domesticated animals. We propose that Ertebølle hunter-gatherer-fishers frequently acquired dairy products through exchange with adjacent farming communities prior to the transition. The continuity observed in pottery use across the transition to farming contrasts with the analysis of human remains which shows substantial demographic change through ancient DNA and, in some cases, a reduction in marine consumption through stable isotope analysis. We postulate that farmers acquired the knowledge and skills they needed to succeed from local hunter-gatherer-fishers but without substantial admixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lucquin
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Harry K. Robson
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Ester Oras
- Institute of History and Archaeology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu50411, Estonia
- Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala752 38, Sweden
| | - Jasmine Lundy
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Joannes Dekker
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- Section for Geobiology, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen1350, Denmark
| | - Özge Demirci
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Groningen9712, Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina Dolbunova
- The British Museum, LondonWC1B 3DG, United Kingdom
- Department of Archaeology of Eastern Europe and Siberia, State Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg190000, Russia
| | | | - Henny Piezonka
- Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, Department of History and Cultural Studies, Free University, Berlin14195, Germany
| | - Helen M. Talbot
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Kamil Adamczak
- Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń87-100, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czekaj-Zastawny
- Centre for Archaeology of Hills and Uplands, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków00-927, Poland
| | - Daniel Groß
- Museum Lolland-Falster, Nykøbing F.4800, Denmark
| | - Witold Gumiński
- Faculty of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw00-927, Poland
| | - Sönke Hartz
- Stiftung Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesmuseen, Schloss Gottorf, Schleswig24837, Germany
| | - Jacek Kabaciński
- Centre for Archaeology of Hills and Uplands, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków00-927, Poland
| | - Satu Koivisto
- Department of Archaeology, University of Turku, TurkuFI-20014, Finland
| | - Trond Eilev Linge
- University Museum of Bergen, Section for Cultural Heritage Management, Bergen5007, Norway
| | - Ann-Katrin Meyer
- Institute of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg20146, Germany
| | - Teemu Mökkönen
- Cultural Environment Services, The Finnish Heritage Agency, Helsinki913, Finland
| | - Bente Philippsen
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, TrondheimNO-7491, Norway
| | | | - Vanda Visocka
- Department of History and Archaeology, Faculty of History and Philosophy, University of Latvia, Rīga1050, Latvia
| | - Aivar Kriiska
- Department of Archaeology, Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Tartu50090, Estonia
| | - Daan Raemaekers
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Groningen9712, Netherlands
| | - John Meadows
- Centre for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology, Schleswig24837, Germany
| | - Carl Heron
- The British Museum, LondonWC1B 3DG, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver E. Craig
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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Hussain ST, Riede F, Matzig DN, Biard M, Crombé P, Fernández-Lopéz de Pablo J, Fontana F, Groß D, Hess T, Langlais M, Mevel L, Mills W, Moník M, Naudinot N, Posch C, Rimkus T, Stefański D, Vandendriessche H. A pan-European dataset revealing variability in lithic technology, toolkits, and artefact shapes ~15-11 kya. Sci Data 2023; 10:593. [PMID: 37679390 PMCID: PMC10484899 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative macro-archaeological investigations of the human deep past rely on the availability of unified, quality-checked datasets integrating different layers of observation. Information on the durable and ubiquitous record of Paleolithic stone artefacts and technological choices are especially pertinent to this endeavour. We here present a large expert-sourced collaborative dataset for the study of stone tool technology and artefact shape evolution across Europe between ~15.000 and 11.000 years before present. The dataset contains a compendium of key sites from the study period, and data on lithic technology and toolkit composition at the level of the cultural taxa represented by those sites. The dataset further encompasses 2D shapes of selected lithic artefact groups (armatures, endscrapers, and borers/perforators) shared between cultural taxa. These data offer novel possibilities to explore between-regional patterns of material culture change to reveal scale-dependent processes of long-term technological evolution in mobile hunter-gatherer societies at the end of the Pleistocene. Our dataset facilitates state-of-the-art quantitative analyses and showcases the benefits of collaborative data collation and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumon T Hussain
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, Moesgård Allé 20, 8270, Højbjerg, Denmark.
| | - Felix Riede
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, Moesgård Allé 20, 8270, Højbjerg, Denmark
| | - David N Matzig
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, Moesgård Allé 20, 8270, Højbjerg, Denmark
| | - Miguel Biard
- INRAP, Centre Île-de-France, Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives, 18 rue Chapelle, 89510 PASSY/UMR 8068 TEMPS, Technologie et Ethnologie des Mondes Préhistoriques, Paris, Nanterre, France
| | - Philippe Crombé
- Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Federica Fontana
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici - Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniel Groß
- Museum Lolland-Falster, Frisegade 40, 4800, Nykøbing F, Denmark
| | - Thomas Hess
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, Moesgård Allé 20, 8270, Højbjerg, Denmark
| | | | | | - William Mills
- ZSBA, Schloß Gottdorf, Schloßinsel 1, 24837, Schleswig, Germany
| | - Martin Moník
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Caroline Posch
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomas Rimkus
- Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology, Klaipėda University, Klaipėda, Lithuania
| | | | - Hans Vandendriessche
- Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Groß D, Schröder I, Wasserfall N, Eschenbeck H, Kohlmann C. The reciprocal interplay of physical activity and health‐related quality of life in children and adolescents: Evidence for both upward and downward spirals. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 15:561-575. [PMID: 35986611 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the bidirectional effect between physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents, focusing on within-person effects. METHODS PA and health-related quality of life were assessed in children and adolescents (N = 685, age: M = 10.29 years, SD = 1.35, range = 8-14), via self-report across four waves, each 6 months apart, and a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model with time-invariant cross-lagged effects was calculated. RESULTS Positive cross-lagged effects between prior PA and health-related quality of life 6 months later ( γ y = 0.536, 95% CI [0.016, 1.055], p = .043, d = 0.11) and vice versa ( γ x = 0.015, 95% CI [0.001, 0.030], p = .039, d = 0.12) were found. Furthermore, the random intercept correlation was significant ( T xy = 3.622, 95% CI [2.204, 5.041], p < .001, d = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS The findings confirm known correlations between PA and health-related quality of life and extends them by indicating both an upward and downward spiral of PA and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Groß
- University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd Oberbettringer Straße 200 Schwäbisch Gmünd 73525 Germany
| | - Ines Schröder
- University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd Oberbettringer Straße 200 Schwäbisch Gmünd 73525 Germany
| | - Nicola Wasserfall
- University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd Oberbettringer Straße 200 Schwäbisch Gmünd 73525 Germany
| | - Heike Eschenbeck
- University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd Oberbettringer Straße 200 Schwäbisch Gmünd 73525 Germany
| | - Carl‐Walter Kohlmann
- University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd Oberbettringer Straße 200 Schwäbisch Gmünd 73525 Germany
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Groß D, Kohlmann CW. Increasing Heart Rate Variability through Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Breathing: A 77-Day Pilot Study with Daily Ambulatory Assessment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182111357. [PMID: 34769874 PMCID: PMC8583429 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether it is possible to gradually increase heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy individuals (21 participants, M = 21.24 years, SD = 1.57, range 19 to 26) through regular exercises of average resonance frequency training (RFT; 6 breaths/min; 5 min each day) and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR; three times a week for 20 min). The effects were tested against an active control group using a linear mixed effect model with random slopes (day), random intercepts (participants) and an autoregressive error term. The special feature of this pilot study is that HRV was measured every day in an ambulatory assessment over 77 days, so that graduate long-term effects on HRV can be mapped. The results indicated that the PMR group significantly increased their HRV compared to the active control group. However, no effect was observed for the RFT group. Possible explanations for these results and important recommendations for subsequent studies are provided.
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Groß D, Kohlmann CW. Predicting self-control capacity - Taking into account working memory capacity, motivation, and heart rate variability. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2020; 209:103131. [PMID: 32768669 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study analyzes possible indicators for state self-control capacity (measured by a Simon task) after demanding executive function tasks as well as for trait self-control (measured by a questionnaire) by focusing on the interplay between control capacity and motivation (measured by demand-related action-state orientation; 154 students; M = 23.55 years; SD = 3.15). As possible control capacity variables, we focused on working memory capacity, based on the integrative theory of self-control, as well as on the baseline cardiac vagal control as a possible physiological index (not a resource itself) indicating control capacity based on the vagal tank theory. The vagal tank theory also focuses on within-subject changes in cardiac vagal control as a possible index of self-control capacity. Therefore, we analyzed among the first 54 participants (M = 24.61 years; SD = 2.67) baseline to post-event changes in cardiac vagal control. Following the integrative theory of self-control, the results indicated that both state and trait self-control capacity are predicted by an interplay of working memory capacity and action-state orientation. Focusing on the vagal tank theory, the results suggest that state self-control capacity can best be detected by the within-subject changes in cardiac vagal control instead of analyzing between-subject differences in cardiac vagal control. However, when focusing on trait self-control, cardiac vagal control might be an indicator, if considered without action state orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Groß
- University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
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Gräf C, Groß D. [The pathologist and "short-term rector" Albert Dietrich (1873-1961) and his ambivalent relationship with the Nazi regime : Not Nazi enough? German version]. Pathologe 2020; 41:60-69. [PMID: 31834469 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-019-00716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Throughout his professional life, the pathologist Albert Dietrich devoted himself to researching and combating cancer. Due to his considerable reputation and success, he was one of the first doctors to be awarded the Paracelsus Medal for his scientific services in 1952.However, Dietrich's role in the Third Reich was - and still is - far less defined. In May 1933, he became rector of the Eberhard Karls University in Tübingen, which at that time was one of the most Nazi-oriented universities. However, his term of office was short - by the end of 1933 he had already been replaced by the protestant theologian Karl Fezer.This article sheds light on Dietrich's ambivalent relationship to National Socialism and analyzes and discusses the background to his dismissal, his later (also politically influenced) emeritus status (1938/39), and his entry into the NSDAP, which took place at retirement age (1941). The study is based on archival sources partly evaluated for the first time and on a reanalysis of the relevant research literature.The study shows that Dietrich was targeted by individual Nazi decision-makers primarily because he advocated a supposedly "liberalist" university policy. Dietrich thus ultimately stands for a type of university lecturer who renounced a decidedly Nazi stance in public without, however, placing himself in a critical relationship to Nazi ideology. Against this background, statements from the postwar period that saw him retrospectively near Nazi opposition are to be classified as the formation of legends.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gräf
- Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
| | - D Groß
- Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
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Groß D, Schmidt M, Sziranyi J. Die doppelte Ausgrenzung des Pathologen und NS-Opfers Paul Kimmelstiel (1900–1970). Pathologe 2019; 40:301-312. [DOI: 10.1007/s00292-019-0584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
The history of the autopsy is naturally also a part of the history of anatomy and pathology and spans over about 2300 years. The first documented autopsies were conducted in about 300 B.C. Thereafter, due to the prohibition of dissections due to religious, social, or hygienic reasons, a long period of stagnation took place. With the onset of the Renaissance in the 15th and 16th century, interest in the ancient sciences such as anatomy began to rise and consequently an increasing number of dissections for anatomical studies were conducted. Nevertheless, it took nearly 200 years until clinical symptoms and/or causes of disease and death were correlated with anatomical findings. In the second half of the 19th century, the clinical autopsy based on the combination of macroscopic and microscopic findings became more and more important as a precondition for the systematic description of diseases. Based on autopsy findings and together with several new techniques, modern pathology could be established at the beginning of the 20th century as a source of scientific knowledge for the clinical medicine and as a theoretical discipline of its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Diallo-Danebrock
- Institut für Pathologie, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 9, 32429, Minden, Deutschland.
| | - M Abbas
- Institut für Pathologie, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 9, 32429, Minden, Deutschland
| | - D Groß
- Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - U Kellner
- Institut für Pathologie, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 9, 32429, Minden, Deutschland
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Pattmöller M, Szentmáry N, Eppig T, Groß D, Seitz B. [Safety of Hyaluronic Acid in Postoperative Treatment after Penetrating Keratoplasty]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2016; 235:64-72. [PMID: 27711953 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this clinical trial was to confirm the safety of phosphate-free high molecular weight hyaluronate (HYLO®-GEL) as lubricant for postoperative care after penetrating keratoplasty. PATIENTS AND METHODS 51 eyes were followed up 6 weeks after penetrating keratoplasty under therapy with phosphate-free high molecular weight hyaluronate. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, conjunctival hyperaemia, conjunctival chemosis, corneal fluorescein staining, corneal infiltrates, corneal endothelial-epithelial decompensation, Descemet's folds, Tyndall effect, cells in the anterior chamber and subjective assessment of lacrimation, foreign body sensation, pressure sensation, burning, mucus and itching were recorded on the first, third and fifth postoperative days and six weeks postoperatively. Tolerance was rated by the patient and the attending ophthalmologist. RESULTS The following objective parameters improved significantly from day 1 to week 6 in patients treated with phosphate-free high molecular weight hyaluronate: visual acuity, conjunctival hyperaemia, conjunctival chemosis, corneal fluorescein-staining, corneal endothelial-epithelial decompensation, Descemet's folds, the maximum diameter of corneal erosion, Tyndall effect and cells in the anterior chamber. In addition, there was significant improvement in the course of the following subjective complaints: lacrimation, foreign body sensation, pressure sensation and itching. In total 63 % (32/47) of the study patients reported excellent local tolerance of phosphate-free high molecular weight hyaluronate on day one postoperatively. This proportion rose to 86 % (37/43) 6 weeks postoperatively. The safety of phosphate-free high molecular weight hyaluronate was rated by the ophthalmologists as "perfect" in 92 %, as "acceptable" in 6 % and as "unacceptable" in 2 % of eyes. CONCLUSION Therapy with phosphate-free high molecular weight hyaluronate results in significant improvements in objective findings and subjective symptoms after penetrating keratoplasty. Tolerance was rated as "excellent" by the ophthalmologist in 92 % of patients in the early postoperative follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pattmöller
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar
| | - N Szentmáry
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar.,Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Semmelweis Universität, Budapest, Ungarn
| | - T Eppig
- Institut für Experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar
| | - D Groß
- Medizinisch-wissenschaftliche Abteilung, Ursapharm Arzneimittel GmbH, Saarbrücken
| | - B Seitz
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar
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Schmidt M, Winzen T, Groß D. The German Radiological Society and the Protagonists of Radiology during the Time of National Socialism--State of Research, Explanation Attempts, Desiderata and Research Prospects. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015; 187:425-9. [PMID: 25856583 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1399037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The intention of the authors is the recognition and critical analysis of efforts to study the history of the German Radiological Society during the time of National Socialism from 1933 to 1945 with the goal of determining existing desiderata and identifying the resulting research prospects. There is a need to study concrete individual biographies of radiologists (members of the German Radiological Society, perpetrators, and victims) and their careers before and after 1945 as well as the importance of the interdisciplinarity of the discipline and the lack of institutional involvement during the "Third Reich". Moreover, the comparatively difficult starting situation of the study of the history of the German Radiological Society is discussed.
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Vetter-Kauczok CS, Kaiser S, Groß D. [Alfred Gütgemann (1907-1985). Pioneer, criminally authorised!]. Zentralbl Chir 2014; 139:e13-4. [PMID: 24771215 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C S Vetter-Kauczok
- Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, RWTH Universität Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - S Kaiser
- Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, RWTH Universität Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - D Groß
- Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, RWTH Universität Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmidt
- Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät der RWTH Aachen, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Gebäude MTI 2, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
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Kühl R, Groß D. [The surgeon Eduard Borchers (1885-1977) - a remarkable case of remorse? On German surgery in the period of national socialism and the lack of accomplishment]. Zentralbl Chir 2012; 137:592-5. [PMID: 22565499 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1283882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Kühl
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Institut für Ethik und Geschichte der Medizin, Tübingen, Deutschland.
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Groß D, Schütte HR. Synthese radioaktiv markierter Verbindungen; IX [1] Darstellung von Putrescin-dihydrochlorid-(1,4-14C) und DL-Asparaginsäure-(1,4-14C, 15N). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zfch.19630030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Groß D, Feige A, Schütte HR. Synthesen radioaktiv markierter Verbindungen; XII. [1] Synthese von Nicotinsäure-(4,6-14C) und N-Methyl-3-carboxy-6-piperidon-(4,6-14C). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zfch.19650050111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pleiß U, Teich A, Stock M, Groß D, Schütte HR. Preparation of tritium-labelled jasmonic acid, ethyl dihydrojasmonate and itaconic acid. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schnarrenberger C, Groß D, Burkhard C, Herbert M. Cell organelles from crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants : II. Compartmentation of enzymes of the crassulacean acid metabolism. Planta 1980; 147:477-484. [PMID: 24311172 DOI: 10.1007/bf00380191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/1979] [Accepted: 09/17/1979] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular distribution of enzymes involved in the Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) has been studied in Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb. and Crassula lycopodioides Lam. After separation of cell organelles by isopycnic centrifugation, enzymes of the Crassulacean acid metabolism were found in the following cell fractions: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the chloroplasts; NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase in the mitochondria and in the supernatant; NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the chloroplasts; NADP-dependent malic enzyme in the supernatant and to a minor extent in the chloroplasts; NAD-dependent malic enzyme in the supernatant and to some degree in the mitochondria; and pyruvate; orthophosphate dikinase in the chloroplasts. The activity of the NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase was due to three isoenzymes separated by (NH4)2SO4 gradient solubilization. These isoenzymes represented 17, 78, and 5% of the activity recovered, respectively, in the order of elution. The isoenzyme eluting first was associated with the mitochondria and the second isoenzyme was of cytosolic origin, while the intracellular location of the third isoenzyme was probably the peroxisome. Based on these findings, the metabolic path of Crassulacean acid metabolism within cells of CAM plants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schnarrenberger
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, Pfaffenbergstraße, D-6750, Kaiserslautern, Federal Republic of Germany
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