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Collins-Wildman DL, Sullivan KP, Geletii YV, Snider VG, Gordon WO, Balboa A, Tian Y, Slaugenhaupt RM, Kaledin AL, Karwacki CJ, Frenkel AI, Musaev DG, Hill CL. A solvent-free solid catalyst for the selective and color-indicating ambient-air removal of sulfur mustard. Commun Chem 2021; 4:33. [PMID: 36697596 PMCID: PMC9814880 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide or sulfur mustard (HD) is one of the highest-tonnage chemical warfare agents and one that is highly persistent in the environment. For decontamination, selective oxidation of HD to the substantially less toxic sulfoxide is crucial. We report here a solvent-free, solid, robust catalyst comprising hydrophobic salts of tribromide and nitrate, copper(II) nitrate hydrate, and a solid acid (NafionTM) for selective sulfoxidation using only ambient air at room temperature. This system rapidly removes HD as a neat liquid or a vapor. The mechanisms of these aerobic decontamination reactions are complex, and studies confirm reversible formation of a key intermediate, the bromosulfonium ion, and the role of Cu(II). The latter increases the rate four-fold by increasing the equilibrium concentration of bromosulfonium during turnover. Cu(II) also provides a colorimetric detection capability. Without HD, the solid is green, and with HD, it is brown. Bromine K-edge XANES and EXAFS studies confirm regeneration of tribromide under catalytic conditions. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy shows absorption of HD vapor and selective conversion to the desired sulfoxide, HDO, at the gas-solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin P. Sullivan
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Yurii V. Geletii
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Victoria G. Snider
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Wesley O. Gordon
- grid.420176.6U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen, MD 21010 USA
| | - Alex Balboa
- grid.420176.6U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen, MD 21010 USA
| | - Yiyao Tian
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Rachel M. Slaugenhaupt
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Alexey L. Kaledin
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Christopher J. Karwacki
- grid.420176.6U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen, MD 21010 USA
| | - Anatoly I. Frenkel
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA ,grid.202665.50000 0001 2188 4229Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Craig L. Hill
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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2
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Ebrahim AM, Plonka AM, Tian Y, Senanayake SD, Gordon WO, Balboa A, Wang H, Collins-Wildman DL, Hill CL, Musaev DG, Morris JR, Troya D, Frenkel AI. Multimodal Characterization of Materials and Decontamination Processes for Chemical Warfare Protection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:14721-14738. [PMID: 31815428 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This Review summarizes the recent progress made in the field of chemical threat reduction by utilizing new in situ analytical techniques and combinations thereof to study multifunctional materials designed for capture and decomposition of nerve gases and their simulants. The emphasis is on the use of in situ experiments that simulate realistic operating conditions (solid-gas interface, ambient pressures and temperatures, time-resolved measurements) and advanced synchrotron methods, such as in situ X-ray absorption and scattering methods, a combination thereof with other complementary measurements (e.g., XPS, Raman, DRIFTS, NMR), and theoretical modeling. The examples presented in this Review range from studies of the adsorption and decomposition of nerve agents and their simulants on Zr-based metal organic frameworks to Nb and Zr-based polyoxometalates and metal (hydro)oxide materials. The approaches employed in these studies ultimately demonstrate how advanced synchrotron-based in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and diffraction can be exploited to develop an atomic- level understanding of interfacial binding and reaction of chemical warfare agents, which impacts the development of novel filtration media and other protective materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M Ebrahim
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Anna M Plonka
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Yiyao Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Sanjaya D Senanayake
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Wesley O Gordon
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Alex Balboa
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | | | - Craig L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - John R Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Anatoly I Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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3
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Grissom TG, Plonka AM, Sharp CH, Ebrahim AM, Tian Y, Collins-Wildman DL, Kaledin AL, Siegal HJ, Troya D, Hill CL, Frenkel AI, Musaev DG, Gordon WO, Karwacki CJ, Mitchell MB, Morris JR. Metal-Organic Framework- and Polyoxometalate-Based Sorbents for the Uptake and Destruction of Chemical Warfare Agents. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:14641-14661. [PMID: 31994872 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The threat of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), assured by their ease of synthesis and effectiveness as a terrorizing weapon, will persist long after the once-tremendous stockpiles in the U.S. and elsewhere are finally destroyed. As such, soldier and civilian protection, battlefield decontamination, and environmental remediation from CWAs remain top national security priorities. New chemical approaches for the fast and complete destruction of CWAs have been an active field of research for many decades, and new technologies have generated immense interest. In particular, our research team and others have shown metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and polyoxometalates (POMs) to be active for sequestering CWAs and even catalyzing the rapid hydrolysis of agents. In this Forum Article, we highlight recent advancements made in the understanding and evaluation of POMs and Zr-based MOFs as CWA decontamination materials. Specifically, our aim is to bridge the gap between controlled, solution-phase laboratory studies and real-world or battlefield-like conditions by examining agent-material interactions at the gas-solid interface utilizing a multimodal experimental and computational approach. Herein, we report our progress in addressing the following research goals: (1) elucidating molecular-level mechanisms of the adsorption, diffusion, and reaction of CWA and CWA simulants within a series of Zr-based MOFs, such as UiO-66, MOF-808, and NU-1000, and POMs, including Cs8Nb6O19 and (Et2NH2)8[(α-PW11O39Zr(μ-OH)(H2O))2]·7H2O, (2) probing the effects that common ambient gases, such as CO2, SO2, and NO2, have on the efficacy of the MOF and POM materials for CWA destruction, and (3) using CWA simulant results to develop hypotheses for live agent chemistry. Key hypotheses are then tested with targeted live agent studies. Overall, our collaborative effort has provided insight into the fundamental aspects of agent-material interactions and revealed strategies for new catalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G Grissom
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Anna M Plonka
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Conor H Sharp
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Amani M Ebrahim
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Yiyao Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | | | - Alexey L Kaledin
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Harrison J Siegal
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Craig L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Anatoly I Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Wesley O Gordon
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Christopher J Karwacki
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Mark B Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - John R Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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4
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Tian Y, Plonka AM, Ebrahim AM, Palomino RM, Senanayake SD, Balboa A, Gordon WO, Troya D, Musaev DG, Morris JR, Mitchell MB, Collins-Wildman DL, Hill CL, Frenkel AI. Correlated Multimodal Approach Reveals Key Details of Nerve-Agent Decomposition by Single-Site Zr-Based Polyoxometalates. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2295-2299. [PMID: 31002759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Development of technologies for protection against chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is critically important. Recently, polyoxometalates have attracted attention as potential catalysts for nerve-agent decomposition. Improvement of their effectiveness in real operating conditions requires an atomic-level understanding of CWA decomposition at the gas-solid interface. We investigated decomposition of the nerve agent Sarin and its simulant, dimethyl chlorophosphate (DMCP), by zirconium polytungstate. Using a multimodal approach, we showed that upon DMCP and Sarin exposure the dimeric tungstate undergoes monomerization, making coordinatively unsaturated Zr(IV) centers available, which activate nucleophilic hydrolysis. Further, DMCP is shown to be a good model system of reduced toxicity for studies of CWA deactivation at the gas-solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Anna M Plonka
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Amani M Ebrahim
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Robert M Palomino
- Chemistry Division , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Sanjaya D Senanayake
- Chemistry Division , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Alex Balboa
- U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21010 , United States
| | - Wesley O Gordon
- U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21010 , United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - John R Morris
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Mark B Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry , Kennesaw State University , Kennesaw , Georgia 30144 , United States
| | | | - Craig L Hill
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Anatoly I Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
- Chemistry Division , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
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5
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Sullivan KP, Wieliczko M, Kim M, Yin Q, Collins-Wildman DL, Mehta AK, Bacsa J, Lu X, Geletii YV, Hill CL. Speciation and Dynamics in the [Co4V2W18O68]10–/Co(II)aq/CoOx Catalytic Water Oxidation System. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Marika Wieliczko
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Mooeung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Qiushi Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | | | - Anil K. Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xinlin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yurii V. Geletii
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Craig L. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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6
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Abstract
Polyoxometalate (POM)-based materials of current interest are summarized, and specific types of POM-containing systems are described in which material facilitates multiple complex interactions or catalytic processes. We specifically highlight POM-containing multi-hydrogen-bonding polymers that form gels upon exposure to select organic liquids and simultaneously catalyze hydrolytic or oxidative decontamination, as well as water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) that can be interfaced with light-absorbing photoelectrode materials for photoelectrocatalytic water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Qiushi Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Meilin Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yurii V Geletii
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Craig L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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7
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Collins-Wildman DL, Kim M, Sullivan KP, Plonka AM, Frenkel AI, Musaev DG, Hill CL. Buffer-Induced Acceleration and Inhibition in Polyoxometalate-Catalyzed Organophosphorus Ester Hydrolysis. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna M. Plonka
- Department of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Anatoly I. Frenkel
- Department of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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8
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Kaledin AL, Driscoll DM, Troya D, Collins-Wildman DL, Hill CL, Morris JR, Musaev DG. Impact of ambient gases on the mechanism of [Cs 8Nb 6O 19]-promoted nerve-agent decomposition. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2147-2158. [PMID: 29719688 PMCID: PMC5896467 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04997h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyoxoniobate catalyst, nerve agent decomposition, reaction mechanism, impact of ambient gases on the stability and reactivity of the polyoxoniobate.
The impact of ambient gas molecules (X), NO2, CO2 and SO2 on the structure, stability and decontamination activity of Cs8Nb6O19 polyoxometalate was studied computationally and experimentally. It was found that Cs8Nb6O19 absorbs these molecules more strongly than it adsorbs water and Sarin (GB) and that these interactions hinder nerve agent decontamination. The impacts of diamagnetic CO2 and SO2 molecules on polyoxoniobate Cs8Nb6O19 were fundamentally different from that of NO2 radical. At ambient temperatures, weak coordination of the first NO2 radical to Cs8Nb6O19 conferred partial radical character on the polyoxoniobate and promoted stronger coordination of the second NO2 adsorbent to form a stable diamagnetic Cs8Nb6O19/(NO2)2 species. Moreover, at low temperatures, NO2 radicals formed stable dinitrogen tetraoxide (N2O4) that weakly interacted with Cs8Nb6O19. It was found that both in the absence and presence of ambient gas molecules, GB decontamination by the Cs8Nb6O19 species proceeds via general base hydrolysis involving: (a) the adsorption of water and the nerve agent on Cs8Nb6O19/(X), (b) concerted hydrolysis of a water molecule on a basic oxygen atom of the polyoxoniobate and nucleophilic addition of the nascent OH group to the phosphorus center of Sarin, and (c) rapid reorganization of the formed pentacoordinated-phosphorus intermediate, followed by dissociation of either HF or isopropanol and formation of POM-bound isopropyl methyl phosphonic acid (i-MPA) or methyl phosphonofluoridic acid (MPFA), respectively. The presence of the ambient gas molecules increases the energy of the intermediate stationary points relative to the asymptote of the reactants and slightly increases the hydrolysis barrier. These changes closely correlate with the Cs8Nb6O19–X complexation energy. The most energetically stable intermediates of the GB hydrolysis and decontamination reaction were found to be Cs8Nb6O19/X-MPFA-(i-POH) and Cs8Nb6O19/X-(i-MPA)-HF both in the absence and presence of ambient gas molecules. The high stability of these intermediates is due to, in part, the strong hydrogen bonding between the adsorbates and the protonated [Cs8Nb6O19/X/H]+-core. Desorption of HF or/and (i-POH) and regeneration of the catalyst required deprotonation of the [Cs8Nb6O19/X/H]+-core and protonation of the phosphonic acids i-MPA and MPFA. This catalyst regeneration is shown to be a highly endothermic process, which is the rate-limiting step of the GB hydrolysis and decontamination reaction both in the absence and presence of ambient gas molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey L Kaledin
- C. L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , USA .
| | - Darren M Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia , 24061 , USA .
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia , 24061 , USA .
| | | | - Craig L Hill
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , USA .
| | - John R Morris
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia , 24061 , USA .
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- C. L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia , 24061 , USA .
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9
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Lauinger SM, Piercy BD, Li W, Yin Q, Collins-Wildman DL, Glass EN, Losego MD, Wang D, Geletii YV, Hill CL. Stabilization of Polyoxometalate Water Oxidation Catalysts on Hematite by Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:35048-35056. [PMID: 28929745 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fast and earth-abundant-element polyoxometalates (POMs) have been heavily studied recently as water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) in homogeneous solution. However, POM WOCs can be quite unstable when supported on electrode or photoelectrode surfaces under applied potential. This article reports for the first time that a nanoscale oxide coating (Al2O3) applied by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) aids immobilization and greatly stabilizes this now large family of molecular WOCs when on electrode surfaces. In this study, [{RuIV4(OH)2(H2O)4}(γ-SiW10O34)2]10- (Ru4Si2) is supported on hematite photoelectrodes and then protected by ALD Al2O3; this ternary system was characterized before and after photoelectrocatalytic water oxidation by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and voltammetry. All these studies indicate that Ru4Si2 remains intact with Al2O3 ALD protection, but not without. The thickness of the Al2O3 layer significantly affects the catalytic performance of the system: a 4 nm thick Al2O3 layer provides optimal performance with nearly 100% faradaic efficiency for oxygen generation under visible-light illumination. Al2O3 layers thicker than 6.5 nm appear to completely bury the Ru4Si2 catalyst, removing all of the catalytic activity, whereas thinner layers are insufficient to maintain a long-term attachment of the catalytic POM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Lauinger
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Brandon D Piercy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Love Manufacturing Building, 771 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Qiushi Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Daniel L Collins-Wildman
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Elliot N Glass
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Mark D Losego
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Love Manufacturing Building, 771 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yurii V Geletii
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Craig L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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10
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Sullivan KP, Neiwert WA, Zeng H, Mehta AK, Yin Q, Hillesheim DA, Vivek S, Yin P, Collins-Wildman DL, Weeks ER, Liu T, Hill CL. Polyoxometalate-based gelating networks for entrapment and catalytic decontamination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11480-11483. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05657e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A polyoxometalate-based polymer with multifunctional capabilities including rapid gelation and catalytic decontamination of toxic or odorous compounds is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huadong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry
- Emory University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | | | - Qiushi Yin
- Department of Chemistry
- Emory University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | | | | | - Panchao Yin
- Department of Polymer Science
- University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | | | | | - Tianbo Liu
- Department of Polymer Science
- University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
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