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Koerber DM, Katz JN, Bohula E, Park JG, Dodson MW, Gerber DA, Hillerson D, Liu S, Pierce MJ, Prasad R, Rose SW, Sanchez PA, Shaw J, Wang J, Jentzer JC, Kristin Newby L, Daniels LB, Morrow DA, van Diepen S. Variation in risk-adjusted cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) length of stay and the association with in-hospital mortality: An analysis from the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network (CCCTN) registry. Am Heart J 2024; 271:28-37. [PMID: 38369218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that there is wide variability in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) length of stay (LOS); however, these studies are limited by the absence of detailed risk assessment at the time of admission. Thus, we evaluated inter-hospital differences in CICU LOS, and the association between LOS and in-hospital mortality. METHODS Using data from the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network (CCCTN) registry, we included 22,862 admissions between 2017 and 2022 from 35 primarily tertiary and quaternary CICUs that captured consecutive admissions in annual 2-month snapshots. The primary analysis compared inter-hospital differences in CICU LOS, as well as the association between CICU LOS and all-cause in-hospital mortality using a Fine and Gray competing risk model. RESULTS The overall median CICU LOS was 2.2 (1.1-4.8) days, and the median hospital LOS was 5.9 (2.8-12.3) days. Admissions in the longest tertile of LOS tended to be younger with higher rates of pre-existing comorbidities, and had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, as well as higher rates of mechanical ventilation, intravenous vasopressor use, mechanical circulatory support, and renal replacement therapy. Unadjusted all-cause in-hospital mortality was 9.3%, 6.7%, and 13.4% in the lowest, intermediate, and highest CICU LOS tertiles. In a competing risk analysis, individual patient CICU LOS was correlated (r2 = 0.31) with a higher risk of 30-day in-hospital mortality. The relationship remained significant in admissions with heart failure, ST-elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS In a large registry of academic CICUs, we observed significant variation in CICU LOS and report that LOS is independently associated with all-cause in-hospital mortality. These findings could potentially be used to improve CICU resource utilization planning and refine risk prognostication in critically ill cardiovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Koerber
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Erin Bohula
- Levine Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeong-Gun Park
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mark W Dodson
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT
| | - Daniel A Gerber
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Dustin Hillerson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Shuangbo Liu
- Max Rady College of Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew J Pierce
- North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Scott W Rose
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Pablo A Sanchez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jeffrey Shaw
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jacob C Jentzer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - L Kristin Newby
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Lori B Daniels
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - David A Morrow
- Levine Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sean van Diepen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Hickson LJ, Langhi Prata LGP, Bobart SA, Evans TK, Giorgadze N, Hashmi SK, Herrmann SM, Jensen MD, Jia Q, Jordan KL, Kellogg TA, Khosla S, Koerber DM, Lagnado AB, Lawson DK, LeBrasseur NK, Lerman LO, McDonald KM, McKenzie TJ, Passos JF, Pignolo RJ, Pirtskhalava T, Saadiq IM, Schaefer KK, Textor SC, Victorelli SG, Volkman TL, Xue A, Wentworth MA, Wissler Gerdes EO, Allison DB, Dickinson SL, Ejima K, Atkinson EJ, Lenburg M, Zhu Y, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Corrigendum to 'Senolytics decrease senescent cells in humans: Preliminary report from a clinical trial of Dasatinib plus Quercetin in individuals with diabetic kidney disease' EBioMedicine 47 (2019) 446-456. EBioMedicine 2020; 52:102595. [PMID: 31982828 PMCID: PMC6994619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- LaTonya J Hickson
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Larissa G P Langhi Prata
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shane A Bobart
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tamara K Evans
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Medicine Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nino Giorgadze
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shahrukh K Hashmi
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sandra M Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Qingyi Jia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kyra L Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Todd A Kellogg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Daniel M Koerber
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Anthony B Lagnado
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Donna K Lawson
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kathleen M McDonald
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Office of Research Regulatory Support, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - João F Passos
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Robert J Pignolo
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tamar Pirtskhalava
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ishran M Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kalli K Schaefer
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Stephen C Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Stella G Victorelli
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tammie L Volkman
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Medicine Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ailing Xue
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mark A Wentworth
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Office of Research Regulatory Support, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Erin O Wissler Gerdes
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Medicine Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - David B Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Stephanie L Dickinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Keisuke Ejima
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Atkinson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Marc Lenburg
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yi Zhu
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| | - James L Kirkland
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Koerber DM, Rosenbaum AN, Olson TP, Kushwaha S, Stulak J, Maltais S, Behfar A. Exercise-induced hypoxemia predicts heart failure hospitalization and death in patients supported with left ventricular assist devices. Int J Artif Organs 2019; 43:165-172. [PMID: 31630619 DOI: 10.1177/0391398819882435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Following implantation of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices, mechanical off-loading results in improved resting hemodynamics; however, peak exercise capacity generally does not increase substantially. This study evaluated patients supported by continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices who were invasively monitored during exercise to define parameters that underpin exercise capacity and outcomes. A review of all patients supported by continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices who underwent supine bicycle ergometry exercise testing with measurement of pulmonary gas exchange during right heart catheterization for evaluation of dyspnea at one institution between 2007 and 2018 was performed (n = 22). The primary outcome of this investigation was death or heart failure hospitalization. Although resting filling pressures were relatively preserved, resting cardiac index (Fick) was low (2.1 ± 0.5 mL/kg/min). An impaired cardiac output reserve was present in 75% of patients. On univariate modeling, patients with supine exercise-induced hypoxemia (O2 saturation <90%) experienced significantly diminished hospitalization-free survival (unadjusted hazard ratio = 11.0, confidence interval = 2.4-57.2, p = 0.003), which persisted despite adjustment for right heart catheterization peak VO2 and peak cardiac output (adjusted hazard ratio = 25, confidence interval = 3.6-322, p = 0.001). Our findings suggest that supine exercise testing provides additional prognostic utility in the continuous-flow left ventricular assist device population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Koerber
- Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Thomas P Olson
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sudhir Kushwaha
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John Stulak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Simon Maltais
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Atta Behfar
- Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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4
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Hickson LJ, Langhi Prata LGP, Bobart SA, Evans TK, Giorgadze N, Hashmi SK, Herrmann SM, Jensen MD, Jia Q, Jordan KL, Kellogg TA, Khosla S, Koerber DM, Lagnado AB, Lawson DK, LeBrasseur NK, Lerman LO, McDonald KM, McKenzie TJ, Passos JF, Pignolo RJ, Pirtskhalava T, Saadiq IM, Schaefer KK, Textor SC, Victorelli SG, Volkman TL, Xue A, Wentworth MA, Wissler Gerdes EO, Zhu Y, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Senolytics decrease senescent cells in humans: Preliminary report from a clinical trial of Dasatinib plus Quercetin in individuals with diabetic kidney disease. EBioMedicine 2019; 47:446-456. [PMID: 31542391 PMCID: PMC6796530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 617] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Senescent cells, which can release factors that cause inflammation and dysfunction, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), accumulate with ageing and at etiological sites in multiple chronic diseases. Senolytics, including the combination of Dasatinib and Quercetin (D + Q), selectively eliminate senescent cells by transiently disabling pro-survival networks that defend them against their own apoptotic environment. In the first clinical trial of senolytics, D + Q improved physical function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a fatal senescence-associated disease, but to date, no peer-reviewed study has directly demonstrated that senolytics decrease senescent cells in humans. Methods In an open label Phase 1 pilot study, we administered 3 days of oral D 100 mg and Q 1000 mg to subjects with diabetic kidney disease (N = 9; 68·7 ± 3·1 years old; 2 female; BMI:33·9 ± 2·3 kg/m2; eGFR:27·0 ± 2·1 mL/min/1·73m2). Adipose tissue, skin biopsies, and blood were collected before and 11 days after completing senolytic treatment. Senescent cell and macrophage/Langerhans cell markers and circulating SASP factors were assayed. Findings D + Q reduced adipose tissue senescent cell burden within 11 days, with decreases in p16INK4A-and p21CIP1-expressing cells, cells with senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, and adipocyte progenitors with limited replicative potential. Adipose tissue macrophages, which are attracted, anchored, and activated by senescent cells, and crown-like structures were decreased. Skin epidermal p16INK4A+ and p21CIP1+ cells were reduced, as were circulating SASP factors, including IL-1α, IL-6, and MMPs-9 and −12. Interpretation “Hit-and-run” treatment with senolytics, which in the case of D + Q have elimination half-lives <11 h, significantly decreases senescent cell burden in humans. Fund NIH and Foundations. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02848131. Senescence, Frailty, and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Functionality in Chronic Kidney Disease: Effect of Senolytic Agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaTonya J Hickson
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Larissa G P Langhi Prata
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Shane A Bobart
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Tamara K Evans
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Department of Medicine Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Nino Giorgadze
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Shahrukh K Hashmi
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Sandra M Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Qingyi Jia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Kyra L Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Todd A Kellogg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Daniel M Koerber
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Anthony B Lagnado
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Donna K Lawson
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Department of Physiology, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M McDonald
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Office of Research Regulatory Support, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | | | - João F Passos
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Robert J Pignolo
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Department of Physiology, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Tamar Pirtskhalava
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Ishran M Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Kalli K Schaefer
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Stephen C Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Stella G Victorelli
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Tammie L Volkman
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Department of Medicine Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Ailing Xue
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Mark A Wentworth
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Office of Research Regulatory Support, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Erin O Wissler Gerdes
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Department of Medicine Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Yi Zhu
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America.
| | - James L Kirkland
- Cellular Senescence and Translation and Pharmacology Programs, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, United States of America.
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