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Gutiérrez-Cardona JY, Calderón-Jaimes E, Ortega-Cuellar D, Sánchez-Carrillo A, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Canseco-Ávila LM, Rocha-Ramírez LM, Martínez-Rosas V, Gómez-Manzo S, Hernández-Ochoa B. Effect of Trichomonacide 6-Nitro-1 H-benzimidazole Derivative Compounds on Expression Level of Metabolic Genes in Trichomonas vaginalis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4568. [PMID: 38674152 PMCID: PMC11050703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The parasite Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. This infection often remains asymptomatic and is related to several health complications. The traditional treatment for trichomoniasis is the use of drugs of the 5-nitroimidazole family, such as metronidazole; however, scientific reports indicate an increasing number of drug-resistant strains. Benzimidazole derivatives could offer an alternative in the search for new anti-trichomonas drugs. In this sense, two attractive candidates are the compounds O2N-BZM7 and O2N-BZM9 (1H-benzimidazole derivatives), since, through in vitro tests, they have shown a higher trichomonacide activity. In this study, we determined the effect on the expression level of metabolic genes in T. vaginalis. The results show that genes involved in redox balance (NADHOX, G6PD::6PGL) are overexpressed, as well as the gene that participates in the first reaction of glycolysis (CK); on the other hand, structural genes such as ACT and TUB are decreased in expression in trophozoites treated with the compound O2N-BZM9, which would probably affect its morphology, motility and virulence. These results align with the trichomonacidal activity of the compounds, with benzimidazole O2N-BZM9 being the most potent, with an IC50 value of 4.8 μM. These results are promising for potential future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Yamin Gutiérrez-Cardona
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (J.Y.G.-C.); (E.C.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Ernesto Calderón-Jaimes
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (J.Y.G.-C.); (E.C.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Adrián Sánchez-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (J.Y.G.-C.); (E.C.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Rosa Angélica Castillo-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada (CICATA) Unidad Morelos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Boulevard de la Tecnología, 1036 Z-1, P 2/2, Atlacholoaya 62790, Mexico;
| | - Luis Miguel Canseco-Ávila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula City 30580, Mexico;
| | - Luz María Rocha-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (J.Y.G.-C.); (E.C.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
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2
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Morales-Luna L, Vázquez-Bautista M, Martínez-Rosas V, Rojas-Alarcón MA, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Pérez de la Cruz V, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Rodríguez-Bustamante E, Rodríguez-Flores E, Hernández-Ochoa B, Gómez-Manzo S. Fused Enzyme Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase::6-Phosphogluconolactonase (G6PD::6PGL) as a Potential Drug Target in Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Plasmodium falciparum. Microorganisms 2024; 12:112. [PMID: 38257939 PMCID: PMC10819308 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Several microaerophilic parasites such as Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Plasmodium falciparum are major disease-causing organisms and are responsible for spreading infections worldwide. Despite significant progress made in understanding the metabolism and molecular biology of microaerophilic parasites, chemotherapeutic treatment to control it has seen limited progress. A current proposed strategy for drug discovery against parasitic diseases is the identification of essential key enzymes of metabolic pathways associated with the parasite's survival. In these organisms, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase::6-phosphogluconolactonase (G6PD:: 6PGL), the first enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), is essential for its metabolism. Since G6PD:: 6PGL provides substrates for nucleotides synthesis and NADPH as a source of reducing equivalents, it could be considered an anti-parasite drug target. This review analyzes the anaerobic energy metabolism of G. lamblia, T. vaginalis, and P. falciparum, with a focus on glucose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway and the significance of the fused G6PD:: 6PGL enzyme as a therapeutic target in the search for new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (L.M.-L.); (M.V.-B.); (V.M.-R.); (M.A.R.-A.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Vázquez-Bautista
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (L.M.-L.); (M.V.-B.); (V.M.-R.); (M.A.R.-A.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (L.M.-L.); (M.V.-B.); (V.M.-R.); (M.A.R.-A.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Miriam Abigail Rojas-Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (L.M.-L.); (M.V.-B.); (V.M.-R.); (M.A.R.-A.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (E.R.-B.); (E.R.-F.)
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Bustamante
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (E.R.-B.); (E.R.-F.)
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Eden Rodríguez-Flores
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (E.R.-B.); (E.R.-F.)
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (L.M.-L.); (M.V.-B.); (V.M.-R.); (M.A.R.-A.)
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3
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Hernández-Ochoa B, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Martínez-Rosas V, Morales-Luna L, Rojas-Alarcón MA, Vázquez-Bautista M, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Pérez de la Cruz V, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Canseco-Ávila LM, Vidal-Limón A, Gómez-Manzo S. An Overall View of the Functional and Structural Characterization of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Variants in the Mexican Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12691. [PMID: 37628871 PMCID: PMC10454679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, affecting an estimated 500 million people worldwide, is a genetic disorder that causes human enzymopathies. Biochemical and genetic studies have identified several variants that produce different ranges of phenotypes; thus, depending on its severity, this enzymopathy is classified from the mildest (Class IV) to the most severe (Class I). Therefore, understanding the correlation between the mutation sites of G6PD and the resulting phenotype greatly enhances the current knowledge of enzymopathies' phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity, which will assist both clinical diagnoses and personalized treatments for patients with G6PD deficiency. In this review, we analyzed and compared the structural and functional data from 21 characterized G6PD variants found in the Mexican population that we previously characterized. In order to contribute to the knowledge regarding the function and structure of the variants associated with G6PD deficiency, this review aimed to determine the molecular basis of G6PD and identify how these mutations could impact the structure, stability, and function of the enzyme and its relation with the clinical manifestations of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Miriam Abigail Rojas-Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Vázquez-Bautista
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | | | - Luis Miguel Canseco-Ávila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula City 30580, Mexico;
| | - Abraham Vidal-Limón
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
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4
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Martínez-Rosas V, Hernández-Ochoa B, Morales-Luna L, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Rufino-González Y, Calderón-Jaimes E, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Wong-Baeza C, Baeza-Ramírez I, Pérez de la Cruz V, Vidal-Limón A, Gómez-Manzo S. Nitazoxanide Inhibits the Bifunctional Enzyme GlG6PD::6PGL of Giardia lamblia: Biochemical and In Silico Characterization of a New Druggable Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11516. [PMID: 37511272 PMCID: PMC10380810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Giardiasis, which is caused by Giardia lamblia infection, is a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Because no vaccines are currently available to treat giardiasis, chemotherapeutic drugs are the main options for controlling infection. Evidence has shown that the nitro drug nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a commonly prescribed treatment for giardiasis; however, the mechanisms underlying NTZ's antigiardial activity are not well-understood. Herein, we identified the glucose-6-phosphate::6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (GlG6PD::6PGL) fused enzyme as a nitazoxanide target, as NTZ behaves as a GlG6PD::6PGL catalytic inhibitor. Furthermore, fluorescence assays suggest alterations in the stability of GlG6PD::6PGL protein, whereas the results indicate a loss of catalytic activity due to conformational and folding changes. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies suggest a model of NTZ binding on the active site of the G6PD domain and near the structural NADP+ binding site. The findings of this study provide a novel mechanistic basis and strategy for the antigiardial activity of the NTZ drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Yadira Rufino-González
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Calderón-Jaimes
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Wong-Baeza
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Isabel Baeza-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Abraham Vidal-Limón
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Mexico
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
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5
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Mendoza-Torreblanca JG, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Carro-Rodríguez J, Contreras-García IJ, Garciadiego-Cázares D, Ortega-Cuellar D, Martínez-López V, Alfaro-Rodríguez A, Evia-Ramírez AN, Ignacio-Mejía I, Vargas-Hernández MA, Bandala C. Antiangiogenic Effect of Dopamine and Dopaminergic Agonists as an Adjuvant Therapeutic Option in the Treatment of Cancer, Endometriosis, and Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10199. [PMID: 37373348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) and dopamine agonists (DA-Ag) have shown antiangiogenic potential through the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. They inhibit VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR 2) functions through the dopamine receptor D2 (D2R), preventing important angiogenesis-related processes such as proliferation, migration, and vascular permeability. However, few studies have demonstrated the antiangiogenic mechanism and efficacy of DA and DA-Ag in diseases such as cancer, endometriosis, and osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, the objective of this review was to describe the mechanisms of the antiangiogenic action of the DA-D2R/VEGF-VEGFR 2 system and to compile related findings from experimental studies and clinical trials on cancer, endometriosis, and OA. Advanced searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, SciFinder, ProQuest, EBSCO, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubChem, NCBI Bookshelf, DrugBank, livertox, and Clinical Trials. Articles explaining the antiangiogenic effect of DA and DA-Ag in research articles, meta-analyses, books, reviews, databases, and clinical trials were considered. DA and DA-Ag have an antiangiogenic effect that could reinforce the treatment of diseases that do not yet have a fully curative treatment, such as cancer, endometriosis, and OA. In addition, DA and DA-Ag could present advantages over other angiogenic inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noemi Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Jazmín Carro-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional Aplicada a Neurociencias, Enfermedades Crónicas y Emergentes, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Itzel Jatziri Contreras-García
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - David Garciadiego-Cázares
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Valentín Martínez-López
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Alfaro-Rodríguez
- Neurociencias Básicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Alberto Nayib Evia-Ramírez
- Servicio de Reconstrucción Articular, Cadera y Rodilla, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Iván Ignacio-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
| | | | - Cindy Bandala
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional Aplicada a Neurociencias, Enfermedades Crónicas y Emergentes, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
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6
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Morales-Luna L, Hernández-Ochoa B, Martínez-Rosas V, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Ortega-Cuellar D, Rufino-González Y, González-Valdez A, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Franco-Vásquez AM, Pérez de la Cruz V, Enríquez-Flores S, Martínez-Conde C, Canseco-Ávila LM, Gómez-Chávez F, Gómez-Manzo S. Giardia lamblia G6PD::6PGL Fused Protein Inhibitors Decrease Trophozoite Viability: A New Alternative against Giardiasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214358. [PMID: 36430836 PMCID: PMC9697976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatments to combat giardiasis have been reported to have several drawbacks, partly due to the drug resistance and toxicity of current antiparasitic agents. These constraints have prompted many researchers to investigate new drugs that act against protozoan parasites. Enzyme inhibition is an important means of regulating pathogen metabolism and has recently been identified as a significant alternative target in the search for new treatments. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconolactonase (G6PD::6PGL) is a bifunctional enzyme involved in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia). The G. lamblia enzyme is unusual since, unlike the human enzyme, it is a fused enzyme. Here, we show, through inhibition assays, that an in-house chemical library of 120 compounds and four target compounds, named CNZ-7, CNZ-8, CMC-1, and FLP-2, are potent inhibitors of the G. lamblia G6PD::6PGL fused enzyme. With a constant (k2) of 2.3, 3.2, and 2.8 M−1 s−1, respectively, they provoke alterations in the secondary and tertiary protein structure and global stability. As a novel approach, target compounds show antigiardial activity, with IC50 values of 8.7, 15.2, 15.3, and 24.1 µM in trophozoites from G. lamblia. Moreover, these compounds show selectivity against G. lamblia, since, through counter-screening in Caco-2 and HT29 human cells, they were found to have low toxicity. This finding positions these compounds as a potential and attractive starting point for new antigiardial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Yadira Rufino-González
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Adrián Marcelo Franco-Vásquez
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Sergio Enríquez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Carlos Martínez-Conde
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - Luis Miguel Canseco-Ávila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula City 30700, Mexico
| | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Osteoarticulares e Inmunológicas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900 (ext. 1442)
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7
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Ortiz-Ramírez P, Hernández-Ochoa B, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Martínez-Rosas V, Morales-Luna L, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Canseco-Ávila LM, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Pérez de la Cruz V, Montiel-González AM, Gómez-Chávez F, Gómez-Manzo S. Biochemical and Kinetic Characterization of the Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Helicobacter pylori Strain 29CaP. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071359. [PMID: 35889079 PMCID: PMC9323780 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been proposed as the foremost risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. We found that H. pylori express the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (HpG6PD), which participates in glucose metabolism via the pentose phosphate pathway. Thus, we hypothesized that if the biochemical and physicochemical characteristics of HpG6PD contrast with the host G6PD (human G6PD, HsG6PD), HpG6PD becomes a potential target for novel drugs against H. pylori. In this work, we characterized the biochemical properties of the HpG6PD from the H.pylori strain 29CaP and expressed the active recombinant protein, to analyze its steady-state kinetics, thermostability, and biophysical aspects. In addition, we analyzed the HpG6PD in silico structural properties to compare them with those of the HsG6PD. The optimal pH for enzyme activity was 7.5, with a T1/2 of 46.6 °C, at an optimum stability temperature of 37 °C. The apparent Km values calculated for G6P and NADP+ were 75.0 and 12.8 µM, respectively. G6P does not protect HpG6PD from trypsin digestion, but NADP+ does protect the enzyme from trypsin and guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl). The biochemical characterization of HpG6PD contributes to knowledge regarding H. pylori metabolism and opens up the possibility of using this enzyme as a potential target for specific and efficient treatment against this pathogen; structural alignment indicates that the three-dimensional (3D) homodimer model of the G6PD protein from H. pylori is different from the 3D G6PD of Homo sapiens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Ortiz-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Angélica Castillo-Rodríguez
- Programa Investigadoras e Investigadores por México, CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Luis Miguel Canseco-Ávila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula City 30580, Mexico;
| | - Noemi Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Alba Mónica Montiel-González
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Aut. San Martín Texmelucan-Tlaxcala Km 10.5, San Felipe Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Osteoarticulares e Inmunológicas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900 (ext. 1442)
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8
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Hernández-Ochoa B, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Mendoza-Torreblanca JG, Contreras-García IJ, Pichardo-Macías LA, Bandala C, Gómez-Manzo S. COVID-19 in G6PD-deficient patients, oxidative stress, and neuropathology. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1307-1325. [PMID: 35578850 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220516111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme that regulates energy metabolism mainly through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). It is well known that this enzyme participates in the antioxidant/oxidant balance via the synthesis of energy-rich molecules: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH), the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH) and glutathione (GSH), controlling reactive oxygen species generation. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is considered a public health problem which has caused approximately 4.5 million deaths since December 2019. In relation to the role of G6PD in COVID-19 development, it is known from the existing literature that G6PD-deficient patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are more susceptible to thrombosis and hemolysis, suggesting that G6PD deficiency facilitates infection by SARS-CoV-2. In relation to G6PD and neuropathology, it has been observed that deficiency of this enzyme is also present with an increase in oxidative markers. In relation to the role of G6PD and the neurological manifestations of COVID-19, it has been reported that the enzymatic deficiency in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 exacerbates the disease, and, in some clinical reports, an increase in hemolysis and thrombosis was observed when patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine (OH-CQ), a drug with oxidative properties. In the present work, we summarize the evidence of the role of G6PD in COVID-19 and its possible role in the generation of oxidative stress and glucose metabolism deficits and inflammation present in this respiratory disease and its progression including neurological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 04530, Mexico
| | | | | | - Luz Adriana Pichardo-Macías
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, 07738, Mexico
| | - Cindy Bandala
- Division de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 14389, Mexico.,Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 04530, Mexico
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9
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Franco-Juárez B, Gómez-Manzo S, Hernández-Ochoa B, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Pérez de la Cruz V, Ortega-Cuellar D. Effects of High Dietary Carbohydrate and Lipid Intake on the Lifespan of C. elegans. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092359. [PMID: 34572007 PMCID: PMC8465757 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Health and lifespan are influenced by dietary nutrients, whose balance is dependent on the supply or demand of each organism. Many studies have shown that an increased carbohydrate–lipid intake plays a critical role in metabolic dysregulation, which impacts longevity. Caenorhabditis elegans has been successfully used as an in vivo model to study the effects of several factors, such as genetic, environmental, diet, and lifestyle factors, on the molecular mechanisms that have been linked to healthspan, lifespan, and the aging process. There is evidence showing the causative effects of high glucose on lifespan in different diabetic models; however, the precise biological mechanisms affected by dietary nutrients, specifically carbohydrates and lipids, as well as their links with lifespan and longevity, remain unknown. Here, we provide an overview of the deleterious effects caused by high-carbohydrate and high-lipid diets, as well as the molecular signals that affect the lifespan of C. elegans; thus, understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms of high-glucose- and lipid-induced changes in whole organisms would allow the targeting of key regulatory factors to ameliorate metabolic disorders and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Franco-Juárez
- Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Noemi Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900
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10
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Ramírez-Nava EJ, Hernández-Ochoa B, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Arreguín-Espinosa R, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Martínez-Rosas V, Morales-Luna L, Martínez-Miranda J, Sierra-Palacios E, Rocha-Ramírez LM, De Franceschi L, Marcial-Quino J, Gómez-Manzo S. Novel inhibitors of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (HsG6PD) affect the activity and stability of the protein. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129828. [PMID: 33347959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) has received significant attention because of the role of NADPH and R-5-P in the maintenance of cancer cells, which are necessary for the synthesis of fatty acids and contribute to uncontrollable proliferation. The HsG6PD enzyme is the rate-limiting step in the oxidative branch of the PPP, leading to an increase in the expression levels in tumor cells; therefore, the protein has been proposed as a target for the development of new molecules for use in cancer. METHODS Through in vitro studies, we assayed the effects of 55 chemical compounds against recombinant HsG6PD. Here, we present the kinetic characterization of four new HsG6PD inhibitors as well as their functional and structural effects on the protein. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to determine the interaction of the best hits with HsG6PD. RESULTS Four compounds, JMM-2, CCM-4, CNZ-3, and CNZ-7, were capable of reducing HsG6PD activity and showed noncompetitive and uncompetitive inhibition. Moreover, experiments using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the molecules affect the structure (secondary and tertiary) of the protein as well as its thermal stability. Computational docking analysis revealed that the interaction of the compounds with the protein does not occur at the active site. CONCLUSIONS We identified two new compounds (CNZ-3 and JMM-2) capable of inhibiting HsG6PD that, compared to other previously known HsG6PD inhibitors, showed different mechanisms of inhibition. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Screening of new inhibitors for HsG6PD with a future pharmacological approach for the study and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Jiovany Ramírez-Nava
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arreguín-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Secretaría de Salud, Mexico
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Josué Martínez-Miranda
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Edgar Sierra-Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Casa Libertad, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 09620, Mexico
| | - Luz María Rocha-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and AOUI Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
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11
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Morales-Luna L, Hernández-Ochoa B, Ramírez-Nava EJ, Martínez-Rosas V, Ortiz-Ramírez P, Fernández-Rosario F, González-Valdez A, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Serrano-Posada H, Centeno-Leija S, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Cuevas-Cruz M, Ortega-Cuellar D, Pérez de la Cruz V, Rocha-Ramírez LM, Sierra-Palacios E, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Vega-García V, Rufino-González Y, Marcial-Quino J, Gómez-Manzo S. Characterizing the Fused TvG6PD::6PGL Protein from the Protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, and Effects of the NADP + Molecule on Enzyme Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144831. [PMID: 32650494 PMCID: PMC7402283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes a functional and structural analysis of fused glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase dehydrogenase-phosphogluconolactonase protein from the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis). The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) gene from T. vaginalis was isolated by PCR and the sequence of the product showed that is fused with 6pgl gene. The fused Tvg6pd::6pgl gene was cloned and overexpressed in a heterologous system. The recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography, and the oligomeric state of the TvG6PD::6PGL protein was found as tetramer, with an optimal pH of 8.0. The kinetic parameters for the G6PD domain were determined using glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) as substrates. Biochemical assays as the effects of temperature, susceptibility to trypsin digestion, and analysis of hydrochloride of guanidine on protein stability in the presence or absence of NADP+ were performed. These results revealed that the protein becomes more stable in the presence of the NADP+. In addition, we determined the dissociation constant for the binding (Kd) of NADP+ in the protein and suggests the possible structural site in the fused TvG6PD::6PGL protein. Finally, computational modeling studies were performed to obtain an approximation of the structure of TvG6PD::6PGL. The generated model showed differences with the GlG6PD::6PGL protein (even more so with human G6PD) despite both being fused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (L.M.-L.); (E.J.R.-N.); (V.M.-R.); (P.O.-R.); (F.F.-R.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edson Jiovany Ramírez-Nava
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (L.M.-L.); (E.J.R.-N.); (V.M.-R.); (P.O.-R.); (F.F.-R.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (L.M.-L.); (E.J.R.-N.); (V.M.-R.); (P.O.-R.); (F.F.-R.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Paulina Ortiz-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (L.M.-L.); (E.J.R.-N.); (V.M.-R.); (P.O.-R.); (F.F.-R.)
| | - Fabiola Fernández-Rosario
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (L.M.-L.); (E.J.R.-N.); (V.M.-R.); (P.O.-R.); (F.F.-R.)
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Hugo Serrano-Posada
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera los Limones-Loma de Juárez, 28629 Colima, Mexico; (H.S.-P.); (S.C.-L.)
| | - Sara Centeno-Leija
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera los Limones-Loma de Juárez, 28629 Colima, Mexico; (H.S.-P.); (S.C.-L.)
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (M.C.-C.)
| | - Miguel Cuevas-Cruz
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (M.C.-C.)
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Secretaría de Salud, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Secretaria de Salud, 14269 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Luz María Rocha-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, 06720 Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Mexico;
| | - Edgar Sierra-Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Casa Libertad, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, 09620 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Angélica Castillo-Rodríguez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Vanesa Vega-García
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Yadira Rufino-González
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.M.-Q.); (S.G.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900 (ext. 1442) (J.M.-Q. & S.G.-M.)
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, 04530 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (L.M.-L.); (E.J.R.-N.); (V.M.-R.); (P.O.-R.); (F.F.-R.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.-Q.); (S.G.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900 (ext. 1442) (J.M.-Q. & S.G.-M.)
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12
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Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Carmona-Aparicio L, Pérez-Lozano DL, Ortega-Cuellar D, Gómez-Manzo S, Ignacio-Mejía I. Genetic variations associated with pharmacoresistant epilepsy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1685-1701. [PMID: 32319641 PMCID: PMC7057824 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common, serious neurological disorder worldwide. Although this disease can be successfully treated in most cases, not all patients respond favorably to medical treatments, which can lead to pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Drug-resistant epilepsy can be caused by a number of mechanisms that may involve environmental and genetic factors, as well as disease- and drug-related factors. In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that genetic variation is involved in the drug resistance of epilepsy, especially genetic variations found in drug resistance-related genes, including the voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels genes, and the metabolizer of endogenous and xenobiotic substances genes. The present review aimed to highlight the genetic variants that are involved in the regulation of drug resistance in epilepsy; a comprehensive understanding of the role of genetic variation in drug resistance will help us develop improved strategies to regulate drug resistance efficiently and determine the pathophysiological processes that underlie this common human neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute of Pediatrics, Ministry of Health, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Liliana Carmona-Aparicio
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute of Pediatrics, Ministry of Health, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Diana L Pérez-Lozano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute of Pediatrics, Ministry of Health, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, National Institute of Pediatrics, Ministry of Health, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratory of Genetic Biochemistry, National Institute of Pediatrics, Ministry of Health, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Iván Ignacio-Mejía
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Military School of Health Graduates, Lomas de Sotelo, Militar, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
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13
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Morales-Luna L, González-Valdez A, Sixto-López Y, Correa-Basurto J, Hernández-Ochoa B, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Ortega-Cuellar D, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Pérez de la Cruz V, Serrano-Posada H, Centeno-Leija S, Rocha-Ramírez LM, Sierra-Palacios E, Montiel-González AM, Rufino-González Y, Marcial-Quino J, Gómez-Manzo S. Identification of the NADP + Structural Binding Site and Coenzyme Effect on the Fused G6PD::6PGL Protein from Giardia lamblia. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010046. [PMID: 31892224 PMCID: PMC7022596 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia lambia is a flagellated protozoan parasite that lives in the small intestine and is the causal agent of giardiasis. It has been reported that G. lamblia exhibits glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the first enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Our group work demonstrated that the g6pd and 6pgl genes are present in the open frame that gives rise to the fused G6PD::6PGL protein; where the G6PD region is similar to the 3D structure of G6PD in Homo sapiens. The objective of the present work was to show the presence of the structural NADP+ binding site on the fused G6PD::6PGL protein and evaluate the effect of the NADP+ molecule on protein stability using biochemical and computational analysis. A protective effect was observed on the thermal inactivation, thermal stability, and trypsin digestions assays when the protein was incubated with NADP+. By molecular docking, we determined the possible structural-NADP+ binding site, which is located between the Rossmann fold of G6PD and 6PGL. Finally, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was used to test the stability of this complex; it was determined that the presence of both NADP+ structural and cofactor increased the stability of the enzyme, which is in agreement with our experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Yudibeth Sixto-López
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Bioinformática y Diseño de Fármacos, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (Y.S.-L.); (J.C.-B.)
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Bioinformática y Diseño de Fármacos, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (Y.S.-L.); (J.C.-B.)
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Angélica Castillo-Rodríguez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud 04530, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico;
| | - Hugo Serrano-Posada
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera los Limones-Loma de Juárez, Colima 28629, Mexico; (H.S.-P.); (S.C.-L.)
| | - Sara Centeno-Leija
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera los Limones-Loma de Juárez, Colima 28629, Mexico; (H.S.-P.); (S.C.-L.)
| | - Luz María Rocha-Ramírez
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc 06720, Mexico;
| | - Edgar Sierra-Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Casa Libertad, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 09620, Mexico;
| | - Alba Mónica Montiel-González
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Aut. San Martín Texmelucan-Tlaxcala Km 10.5, San Felipe Ixtlacuixtla, 90120 Tlaxcala, Mexico;
- México de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Casa Libertad, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 09620, Mexico
| | - Yadira Rufino-González
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.M.-Q.); (S.G.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900 (ext. 1442) (J.M.-Q. & S.G.-M.)
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.M.-Q.); (S.G.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900 (ext. 1442) (J.M.-Q. & S.G.-M.)
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14
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Franco-Juárez B, Mejía-Martínez F, Moreno-Arriola E, Hernández-Vázquez A, Gómez-Manzo S, Marcial-Quino J, Arreguín-Espinosa R, Velázquez-Arellano A, Ortega-Cuellar D. A high glucose diet induces autophagy in a HLH-30/TFEB-dependent manner and impairs the normal lifespan of C. elegans. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2657-2667. [PMID: 30299269 PMCID: PMC6224263 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A high-glucose diet (HGD) is associated with the development of metabolic diseases that decrease life expectancy, including obesity and type-2 diabetes (T2D); however, the mechanism through which a HGD does so is still unclear. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved mechanism, has been shown to promote both cell and organismal survival. The goal of this study was to determine whether exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to a HGD affects autophagy and thus contributes to the observed lifespan reduction under a HGD. Unexpectedly, nematodes exposed to a HGD showed increased autophagic flux via an HLH-30/TFEB-dependent mechanism because animals with loss of HLH-30/TFEB, even those with high glucose exposure, had an extended lifespan, suggesting that HLH-30/TFEB might have detrimental effects on longevity through autophagy under this stress condition. Interestingly, pharmacological treatment with okadaic acid, an inhibitor of the PP2A and PP1 protein phosphatases, blocked HLH-30 nuclear translocation, but not TAX-6/calcineurin suppression by RNAi, during glucose exposure. Together, our data support the suggested dual role of HLH-30/TFEB and autophagy, which, depending on the cellular context, may promote either organismal survival or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Franco-Juárez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM - Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Fanny Mejía-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Moreno-Arriola
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM - Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Alain Hernández-Vázquez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM - Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Saul Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arreguín-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Antonio Velázquez-Arellano
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM - Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
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15
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Ramírez-Nava EJ, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Ponce-Soto GY, Hernández-Ochoa B, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Martínez-Rosas V, Morales-Luna L, Serrano-Posada H, Sierra-Palacios E, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Cuevas-Cruz M, Rocha-Ramírez LM, Pérez de la Cruz V, Marcial-Quino J, Gómez-Manzo S. Molecular Cloning and Exploration of the Biochemical and Functional Analysis of Recombinant Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Gluconoacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215279. [PMID: 31652968 PMCID: PMC6862599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 (GDI) is an endophytic bacterium with potential biotechnological applications in industry and agronomy. The recent description of its complete genome and its principal metabolic enzymes suggests that glucose metabolism is accomplished through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP); however, the enzymes participating in this pathway have not yet been characterized in detail. The objective of the present work was to clone, purify, and biochemically and physicochemically characterize glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) from GDI. The gene was cloned and expressed as a tagged protein in E. coli to be purified by affinity chromatography. The native state of the G6PD protein in the solution was found to be a tetramer with optimal activity at pH 8.8 and a temperature between 37 and 50 °C. The apparent Km values for G6P and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) were 63 and 7.2 μM, respectively. Finally, from the amino acid sequence a three-dimensional (3D) model was obtained, which allowed the arrangement of the amino acids involved in the catalytic activity, which are conserved (RIDHYLGKE, GxGGDLT, and EKPxG) with those of other species, to be identified. This characterization of the enzyme could help to identify new environmental conditions for the knowledge of the plant–microorganism interactions and a better use of GDI in new technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Jiovany Ramírez-Nava
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud 04530, Mexico.
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico.
| | - Rosa Angélica Castillo-Rodríguez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico 04530, Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Yaxal Ponce-Soto
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm Johnen Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico.
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Hugo Serrano-Posada
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera los Limones-Loma de Juárez, Colima 28629, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Sierra-Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Casa Libertad, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico 09620, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Cuevas-Cruz
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico.
| | - Luz María Rocha-Ramírez
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc 06720, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico.
| | - Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico 04530, Mexico.
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
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16
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Hernandez-Vazquez ADJ, Garcia-Sanchez JA, Moreno-Arriola E, Salvador-Adriano A, Ortega-Cuellar D, Velazquez-Arellano A. Thiamine Deprivation Produces a Liver ATP Deficit and Metabolic and Genomic Effects in Mice: Findings Are Parallel to Those of Biotin Deficiency and Have Implications for Energy Disorders. J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics 2017; 9:287-299. [PMID: 28214879 DOI: 10.1159/000456663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine is one of several essential cofactors for ATP generation. Its deficiency, like in beriberi and in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, has been studied for many decades. However, its mechanism of action is still not completely understood at the cellular and molecular levels. Since it acts as a coenzyme for dehydrogenases of pyruvate, branched-chain keto acids, and ketoglutarate, its nutritional privation is partly a phenocopy of inborn errors of metabolism, among them maple syrup urine disease. In the present paper, we report metabolic and genomic findings in mice deprived of thiamine. They are similar to the ones we have previously found in biotin deficiency, another ATP generation cofactor. Here we show that thiamine deficiency substantially reduced the energy state in the liver and activated the energy sensor AMP-activated kinase. With this vitamin deficiency, several metabolic parameters changed: blood glucose was diminished and serum lactate was increased, but insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol, as well as liver glycogen, were reduced. These results indicate a severe change in the energy status of the whole organism. Our findings were associated with modified hepatic levels of the mRNAs of several carbon metabolism genes: a reduction of transcripts for liver glucokinase and fatty acid synthase and augmentation of those for carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase as markers for glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, beta-oxidation, and gluconeogenesis, respectively. Glucose tolerance was initially increased, suggesting augmented insulin sensitivity, as we had found in biotin deficiency; however, in the case of thiamine, it was diminished from the 3rd week on, when the deficient animals became undernourished, and paralleled the changes in AKT and mTOR, 2 main proteins in the insulin signaling pathway. Since many of the metabolic and gene expression effects on mice deprived of thiamine are similar to those in biotin deficiency, it may be that they result from a more general impairment of oxidative phosphorylation due to a shortage of ATP generation cofactors. These findings may be relevant to energy-related disorders, among them several inborn errors of metabolism, as well as common energy disorders like obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain de J Hernandez-Vazquez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM - Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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Gómez-Manzo S, Marcial-Quino J, Vanoye-Carlo A, Serrano-Posada H, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Hernández-Ochoa B, Sierra-Palacios E, Rodríguez-Bustamante E, Arreguin-Espinosa R. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase: Update and Analysis of New Mutations around the World. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122069. [PMID: 27941691 PMCID: PMC5187869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key regulatory enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway which produces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to maintain an adequate reducing environment in the cells and is especially important in red blood cells (RBC). Given its central role in the regulation of redox state, it is understandable that mutations in the gene encoding G6PD can cause deficiency of the protein activity leading to clinical manifestations such as neonatal jaundice and acute hemolytic anemia. Recently, an extensive review has been published about variants in the g6pd gene; recognizing 186 mutations. In this work, we review the state of the art in G6PD deficiency, describing 217 mutations in the g6pd gene; we also compile information about 31 new mutations, 16 that were not recognized and 15 more that have recently been reported. In order to get a better picture of the effects of new described mutations in g6pd gene, we locate the point mutations in the solved three-dimensional structure of the human G6PD protein. We found that class I mutations have the most deleterious effects on the structure and stability of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud 04530, Mexico.
| | - Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud 04530, Mexico.
| | - America Vanoye-Carlo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud 04530, Mexico.
| | - Hugo Serrano-Posada
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28400, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud 04530, Mexico.
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | | | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Sierra-Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Casa Libertad, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City 09620, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Bustamante
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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18
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Salvador-Adriano A, Vargas-Chávez S, Hernández-Vázquez ADJ, Ortega-Cuellar D, Tovar AR, Velázquez-Arellano A. Insulin sensitivity is inversely related to cellular energy status, as revealed by biotin deprivation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1442-8. [PMID: 24801390 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00442.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have reported an early decrease in glycemia in rats fed a biotin-deficient diet with reduced cellular ATP levels, suggesting increased insulin sensitivity. Here, we show that biotin-deprived rats are more tolerant of glucose, as shown by both oral and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, during which insulin plasma levels were significantly diminished in deficient rats compared with controls. Biotin-deficient rats had lower blood glucose concentrations during intraperitoneal insulin sensitivity tests than controls. Furthermore, more glucose was infused to maintain euglycemia in the biotin-deficient rats during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies. These results demonstrate augmented sensitivity to insulin in biotin-deprived rats. They are most likely the consequence of an insulin-independent effect of AMPK activation on GLUT4 membrane translocation with increased glucose uptake. In biotin-deficient cultured L6 muscle cells, there was increased phosphorylation of the energy sensor AMPK. We have now confirmed the augmented AMPK activation in both biotin-deprived in vivo muscle and cultured muscle cells. In these cells, glucose uptake is increased by AMPK activation by AICAR and diminished by its knockdown by the specific siRNAs directed against its α1- and α2-catalytic subunits, with all of these effects being largely independent of the activity of the insulin-signaling pathway that was inhibited with wortmannin. The enhanced insulin sensitivity in biotin deficiency likely has adaptive value for organisms due to the hormone promotion of uptake and utilization of not only glucose but other nutrients such as branched-chain amino acids, whose deficiency has been reported to increase insulin tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Salvador-Adriano
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Vargas-Chávez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alain de J Hernández-Vázquez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Mexico City, Mexico; and
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Velázquez-Arellano
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico;
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Hernández-Vázquez A, Wolf B, Pindolia K, Ortega-Cuellar D, Hernández-González R, Heredia-Antúnez A, Ibarra-González I, Velázquez-Arellano A. Biotinidase knockout mice show cellular energy deficit and altered carbon metabolism gene expression similar to that of nutritional biotin deprivation: clues for the pathogenesis in the human inherited disorder. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:248-54. [PMID: 24075304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Biotin is the prosthetic group of carboxylases that have important roles in the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids. Biotinidase has a key role in the reutilization of the biotin, catalyzing the hydrolysis of biocytin (ε-N-biotinyl-l-lysine) and biocytin-containing peptides derived from carboxylase turnover, thus contributing substantially to the bioavailability of this vitamin. Deficient activity of biotinidase causes late-onset multiple carboxylase in humans, whose pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that a knock-out biotinidase-deficient mouse from a C57BL/6 background that was fed a low biotin diet develops severe ATP deficit with activation of the energy sensor adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibition of the signaling protein mTOR, driver of protein synthesis and growth, and affecting the expression of central-carbon metabolism genes. In addition, sensitivity to insulin is augmented. These changes are similar to those observed in nutritionally biotin-starved rats. These findings further our understanding of the pathogenesis of human biotinidase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hernández-Vázquez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, México
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Hernández-Vázquez A, Ochoa-Ruiz E, Ibarra-González I, Ortega-Cuellar D, Salvador-Adriano A, Velázquez-Arellano A. Temporal development of genetic and metabolic effects of biotin deprivation. A search for the optimum time to study a vitamin deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 107:345-51. [PMID: 23010431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Biotin deficiency (Bt-D) is usually studied at the point at which the animal model exhibits the signs of full-blown deficiency symptoms; in rats, this typically occurs at 6-8 weeks of feeding a deficient diet. To differentiate specific deficiency effects from those of undernutrition, biotin sufficient and deficient rats were studied at 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks on the deficiency diet, before the onset of weight loss and deficiency signs. The deficiency state was confirmed by biochemical and molecular analyses. Blood and liver metabolites were determined and western blots of signaling proteins, and qRT-PCR gene expression studies. The main effects of Bt-D were already well established by the fourth week on the diet; thus, we consider the fourth week as the optimum time to study the consequences of biotin depletion. Early effects, which were already apparent at week 2, included cellular energy deficit (as assessed by increased AMP/ATP ratio), activation of the AMPK energy sensor, and changes of carbon metabolism gene transcripts (e.g., phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, liver glucokinase and fatty acid synthetase). Reduced post-prandial blood concentrations of glucose were also observed early; we speculate that these are attributable to augmented sensitivity to insulin and increased glucose utilization, a likely effect of AMPK induction of translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4 to the cell membranes and increased hexokinase expression. Other late-onset changes (week 4) included increased serum concentrations of lactate and free fatty acids and decreased liver glycogen and serum concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol. The identification of the early specific molecular and metabolic disturbances of biotin deficiency might be useful in identifying individuals with marginal deficiency of this vitamin, which appears to be common in normal human pregnancy. The study of time-course of other vitamin deficiencies, such as this one, might help to better understand and cope with their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Hernández-Vázquez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, México
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Velazquez-Arellano A, Ortega-Cuellar D, Hernandez-Mendoza A, Moreno-Arriola E. A heuristic model for paradoxical effects of biotin starvation on carbon metabolism genes in the presence of abundant glucose. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 102:69-77. [PMID: 20869286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that in biotin starvation in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and rat Rattus norvegicus, despite abundant glucose provision, the expression of genes for glucose utilization and lipogenesis were lowered, and for fatty acid β-oxidation and gluconeogenesis were raised, and glycolytic/fermentative flow was reduced. This work explored the mechanisms of these results. We show that they are associated with ATP deficit and activation of the energy stress sensor AMP kinase (AMPK; Snf1 in yeast). Analysis of microarray results revealed extensive changes of transcripts for signal transduction pathways and transcription factors AMPK, SREBP-1c, ChREBP, NAMPT, PGC-1α, mTORC1 in rat, and their homologs in worm. In yeast the altered factor transcripts were Adr1, Cat8, Sip4, Mig1, HXK2, and Rgt1. The insulin pathway was negatively enriched (in rat and worm), whereas the adiponectins and JAK/STAT pathways were increased (present only in the rat; they activate AMPK). Together, all these changes explain the effects of biotin starvation on glucose utilization, energy status and carbon metabolism gene expression in a coherent manner across three phylogenetically distant eukaryotes and may have clinical significance in humans, since the effects are reminiscent of insulin resistance. We propose a general model for integrating these results in regulatory circuitries, according to the biology of each species, based on impaired anaplerosis due to pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, that have a basic underlying logic. In a preliminary test in yeast, aspartate corrects all the alterations produced by biotin starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Velazquez-Arellano
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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Ortega-Cuellar D, Hernandez-Mendoza A, Moreno-Arriola E, Carvajal-Aguilera K, Perez-Vazquez V, Gonzalez-Alvarez R, Velazquez-Arellano A. Biotin starvation with adequate glucose provision causes paradoxical changes in fuel metabolism gene expression similar in rat (Rattus norvegicus), nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics 2010; 3:18-30. [PMID: 20798549 DOI: 10.1159/000318054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Biotin affects the genetic expression of several glucose metabolism enzymes, besides being a cofactor of carboxylases. To explore how extensively biotin affects the expression of carbon metabolism genes, we studied the effects of biotin starvation and replenishment in 3 distantly related eukaryotes: yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and rat Rattus norvegicus. METHODS Biotin starvation was produced in Wistar rats, in C. elegans N2 and S. cerevisiae W303A fed with abundant glucose. High-density oligonucleotide microarrays were used to find gene expression changes. Glucose consumption, lactate and ethanol were measured by conventional tests. RESULTS In spite of abundant glucose provision, the expression of fatty oxidation and gluconeogenic genes was augmented, and the transcripts for glucose utilization and lipogenesis were diminished in biotin starvation. These results were associated with diminished glucose consumption and glycolysis products (lactate and ethanol in yeast), which was consistent across 3 very different eukaryotes. CONCLUSION The results point toward a strongly selected role of biotin in the control of carbon metabolism, and in adaptations to variable availability of carbon, conceivably mediated by signal transduction including soluble guanylate cyclase, cGMP and a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) and/or biotin-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ortega-Cuellar
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM, México, México
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Velázquez-Arellano A, Hernández-Esquivel MDLL, Sánchez RM, Ortega-Cuellar D, Rodríguez-Fuentes N, Cano S, León-Del-Río A, Carvajal K. Functional and metabolic implications of biotin deficiency for the rat heart. Mol Genet Metab 2008; 95:213-9. [PMID: 18824381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is the main ATP provider for the heart. TCA carbons must be replenished by anaplerosis for normal cardiac function. Biotin is cofactor of the anaplerotic enzymes pyruvate and propionyl-CoA carboxylases. Here, we found that in biotin deficient rats, both carboxylases decreased 90% in adipose tissue, jejunum and spleen, but in heart they conserved about 60% residual activity. We then investigated if under biotin deficiency (BtDEF), the heart is able to maintain its function in vivo and in isolated conditions, and during ischemia and reperfusion, where metabolism drastically shifts from oxidative to mainly glycolytic. Neither glucose nor octanoate oxidation were severely affected in BtDEF hearts, as assessed by mechanical performance, oxygen uptake or high-energy metabolite content; however, myocardial hexokinase activity and lactate concentration were reduced in deficient hearts. When challenged by ischemia and reperfusion injury, BtDEF hearts did not suffer more damage than the controls, although they lowered significantly their performance, when changed to ischemic conditions, which may have clinical implications. Post-ischemic increase in ADP/ATP ratio was similar in both groups, but during reperfusion there was higher rhythm perturbation in BtDEF hearts. By being relatively insensitive to biotin deficiency, cardiac tissue seems to be able to replenish TCA cycle intermediates and to maintain ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Velázquez-Arellano
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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Wiedmann S, Rodriguez-Melendez R, Ortega-Cuellar D, Zempleni J. Clusters of biotin-responsive genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Nutr Biochem 2004; 15:433-9. [PMID: 15219929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Effects of biotin in cell signaling are mediated by transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and Sp1/Sp3 as well as by posttranslational modifications of DNA-binding proteins. These signaling pathways play roles in the transcriptional regulation of numerous genes. Here we tested the hypothesis that biotin-dependent genes are not randomly distributed in the human genome but are arranged in clusters. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy adults before and after supplementation with 8.8 micromol/day biotin for 21 days. Cells were cultured ex vivo with concanavalin A for 3 hours to stimulate gene expression. Abundances of mRNA encoding approximately 14,000 genes were quantified by both DNA microarray and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of 139 genes increased by at least 40% in response to biotin supplementation, whereas the expression of 131 genes decreased by at least 40% in response to biotin supplementation. The following clusters of biotin-responsive genes were identified: 1) 16% of biotin-responsive gene products localized to the cell nucleus; at least 28% of biotin-responsive genes play roles in signal transduction (these findings are consistent with a role for biotin in cell signaling); and 2) of the biotin-responsive genes, 54% clustered on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, and 19, whereas no biotin-responsive genes were found on chromosomes 10, 16, 18, 21, and heterosomes. This suggests that position effects play a role in biotin-dependent gene expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that the human genome contains clusters of biotin-dependent genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Wiedmann
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, 316 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA
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