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Rinck D, Dittmer M, Tinker D, Smith K, Heinecke G. National resident survey in dermatopathology: The role of slide scanners in resident learning. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:1078-1082. [PMID: 37749824 PMCID: PMC10843035 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatology residents gain exposure to dermatopathology through a variety of educational modalities. While virtual pathology applications have risen dramatically, resident utilization of digital libraries, slide scanner availability, and comfort with virtual slides are not well-known. This study aims to assess the current landscape of educational resources used by dermatology residents. METHODS A 17-question survey was sent to dermatology residents through a national email database. The survey was a self-assessment of their experience in dermatopathology education and the use of departmental slide scanners. RESULTS The use of digital dermatopathology is high among trainees, despite only half of respondents reporting slide scanner access. Residents report using virtual images more often in non-clinical dermatopathology didactics and independent studies compared to clinical dermatopathology rotations. Public slide set use was common, while professional society and departmental slide sets may be underutilized. Over half of respondents report being extremely or very comfortable navigating interactive scanned slides. CONCLUSIONS Survey data suggests digital slides are currently predominantly used in non-clinical dermatopathology rotations and independent studies. Incorporation of slide scanners into departments may benefit resident education through the development of high-quality, curated departmental slide sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Rinck
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Dittmer
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel Tinker
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kristin Smith
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gillian Heinecke
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Moody R, Tinker D, Behshad R. A Comparison of International Normalized Ratio (INR) Determined by Point-of-Care to Standard Laboratory Testing Before Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Prospective, Single-Center Study. Dermatol Surg 2023; 49:967-969. [PMID: 37556449 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rylee Moody
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel Tinker
- Department of Dermatology, SLUCare, SSM Health, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ramona Behshad
- Department of Dermatology, SLUCare, SSM Health, St. Louis, Missouri
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3
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Tinker D, Fritz M, Tanner J, Willis C, Gibbons M, Doerrer Z, Armbrecht ES, Behshad R. Management of acute, lower extremity surgical wounds using an ablative fractional laser: A single-center, randomized, double-blinded controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 87:1176-1178. [PMID: 35346755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tinker
- Department of Dermatology, St. Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Mike Fritz
- Department of Dermatology, St. Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jordan Tanner
- Department of Dermatology, St. Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Chris Willis
- Department of Dermatology, St. Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Mitchell Gibbons
- Department of Dermatology, St. Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Zachary Doerrer
- Department of Dermatology, St. Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric S Armbrecht
- Department of Dermatology, St. Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Ramona Behshad
- Department of Dermatology, St. Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
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4
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Tanner J, Tinker D, Glaser D. Control of Diabetic Gustatory Hyperhidrosis With Topical 20% Aluminum Chloride Hexahydrate. J Drugs Dermatol 2021; 20:1359-1360. [PMID: 34898156 DOI: 10.36849/jdd.5755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic gustatory hyperhidrosis is a late sequela of diabetes and can have profound consequences. We report a case of diabetic gustatory hyperhidrosis controlled with topical aluminum chloride hexahydrate and support this as a first-line treatment. Aluminum chloride hexahydrate is a safe, effective, inexpensive and commercially available treatment.
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5
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Fritz M, Tinker D, Wessel AW, Morris GM, Goldenberg L, Fesler M, Rukmangadachar L, Hurley MY. SARS-CoV-2: A potential trigger of dermato-neuro syndrome in a patient with scleromyxedema. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 18:99-102. [PMID: 34778497 PMCID: PMC8571101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Fritz
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Daniel Tinker
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alex W Wessel
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gabriela M Morris
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Linda Goldenberg
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, & Cellular Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark Fesler
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, & Cellular Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - M Yadira Hurley
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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6
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Tinker D, Tanner J, Rinck D, Tinker S, Behshad R. 27632 Investigating the utility of point-of-care INR measurements in patients on warfarin prior to Mohs microscopic surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.06.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Tinker D, ODonoghue D, Petersen E, Glaser DA. 27619 Hemifacial hyperhidrosis as the presenting sign of thoracic disc herniation. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.06.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Fritz M, Dittmer M, Tinker D, Smith K, Robbins K, Goldenberg L, Fesler M, Hurley MY. Bilateral auricular nodules: A peculiar presentation of systemic mantle cell lymphoma. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 13:152-155. [PMID: 34195328 PMCID: PMC8234351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Fritz
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Martin Dittmer
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel Tinker
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kristin Smith
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Katherine Robbins
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Linda Goldenberg
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cellular Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark Fesler
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cellular Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - M Yadira Hurley
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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9
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Atterbury RJ, Gigante AM, Tinker D, Howell M, Allen VM. An improved cleaning system to reduce microbial contamination of poultry transport crates in the United Kingdom. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 128:1776-1784. [PMID: 31917894 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Following previous research on improving the cleaning of crates used to transport broiler chickens from the farm to the abattoir, a demonstration project was undertaken to investigate improvements in crate washing on a commercial scale. METHODS AND RESULTS The soak tank of a conventional crate washing system was replaced with a high-performance washer fitted with high-volume, high-pressure nozzles. The wash water could be heated, and a greatly improved filtration system ensured that the nozzles did not lose performance or become blocked. Visual cleanliness scores and microbial counts were determined for naturally contaminated crates which had been randomly assigned to different cleaning protocols. CONCLUSIONS When a combination of mechanical energy, heat and chemicals (i.e. detergent and disinfectant) was used, the results showed significant improvements to crate cleaning. Reductions of up to 3·6 and 3·8 log10 CFU per crate base were achieved for Campylobacter and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively, along with a marked improvement in visual cleanliness. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Broiler transport crates may become heavily contaminated with faeces and this may contribute to the spread of disease between farms. The results of this trial may be of use in reducing the spread of zoonotic pathogens in the poultry meat supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Atterbury
- School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, North Somerset, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - A M Gigante
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - D Tinker
- David Tinker and Associates Ltd, Ampthill, Beds, UK
| | - M Howell
- Hygiene and Microbiology Division, Food Standards Agency, London, UK.,Howell Consulting, Clay Cottage, Northacre, Caston, UK
| | - V M Allen
- School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, North Somerset, UK
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10
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Levin J, Stasko T, Tinker D, Harrell K, Haskell H. Verruciform plaques within a tattoo of an HIV-positive patient. Cutis 2019; 104:E7-E9. [PMID: 31939935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarad Levin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Thomas Stasko
- Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Daniel Tinker
- University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Katelin Harrell
- University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, USA
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11
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Adotama P, Tinker D, Mitchell K, Glass DA, Allen P. Barber Knowledge and Recommendations Regarding Pseudofolliculitis Barbae and Acne Keloidalis Nuchae in an Urban Setting. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 153:1325-1326. [PMID: 29049485 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prince Adotama
- Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Daniel Tinker
- Medical student, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City
| | - Krystal Mitchell
- Medical student, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City
| | - Donald A Glass
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Pamela Allen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City
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12
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Forbes KP, Kouranova E, Tinker D, Janowski K, Cortner D, McCoy A, Cui X. Creation and Preliminary Characterization of Pregnane X Receptor and Constitutive Androstane Receptor Knockout Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:1068-1076. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.075788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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13
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Tinker D, Stakes GK, Arcano RM. Allometric Equation Development, Biomass, and Aboveground Productivity in Ponderosa Pine Forests, Black Hills, Wyoming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/wjaf/25.3.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Temperate forest ecosystems continue to play an important role in the global carbon cycle, and the ability to accurately quantify carbon storage and allocation remains a critical tool for managers and researchers. This study was aimed at developing new allometric equations for predicting above- and belowground biomass of both mature trees and saplings of ponderosa pine trees in the Black Hills region of the western United States and at evaluating thinning effects on biomass pools and aboveground productivity. Study sites included three stands that had been commercially thinned and one unmanaged stand. Nine allometric equations were developed for mature trees, and six equations were developed for saplings; all models exhibited strong predictive power. The unmanaged stand contained more than twice as much total aboveground biomass as any of the thinned stands. Aboveground biomass allocation among tree compartments was similar among the three older stands but quite different from the young, even-aged stand. Stand-level aboveground net primary production was higher in the unmanaged and intensively managed stands, yet tree-level annual productivity was much lower in the unmanaged stands than in any of the managed forests, suggesting that thinning of some forest stands may increase their ability to sequester and store carbon. Our data also suggest that different management approaches did not have the same effect on carbon allocation as they did on total carbon storage capacity, but rather, stand age was the most important factor in predicting carbon allocation within individual trees and stands. Identification of the relationships between stand structure and forest management practices may help identify various management strategies that maximize rates of carbon storage in ponderosa pine forests.
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14
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Bull SA, Allen VM, Domingue G, Jørgensen F, Frost JA, Ure R, Whyte R, Tinker D, Corry JEL, Gillard-King J, Humphrey TJ. Sources of Campylobacter spp. colonizing housed broiler flocks during rearing. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:645-52. [PMID: 16391102 PMCID: PMC1352183 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.1.645-652.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to identify sources of campylobacter in 10 housed broiler flocks from three United Kingdom poultry companies. Samples from (i) the breeder flocks, which supplied the broilers, (ii) cleaned and disinfected houses prior to chick placement, (iii) the chickens, and (iv) the environments inside and outside the broiler houses during rearing were examined. Samples were collected at frequent intervals and examined for Campylobacter spp. Characterization of the isolates using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), serotyping, phage typing, and flaA restriction fragment length polymorphism typing was performed. Seven flocks became colonized during the growing period. Campylobacter spp. were detected in the environment surrounding the broiler house, prior to as well as during flock colonization, for six of these flocks. On two occasions, isolates detected in a puddle just prior to the birds being placed were indistinguishable from those colonizing the birds. Once flocks were colonized, indistinguishable strains of campylobacter were found in the feed and water and in the air of the broiler house. Campylobacter spp. were also detected in the air up to 30 m downstream of the broiler house, which raises the issue of the role of airborne transmission in the spread of campylobacter. At any time during rearing, broiler flocks were colonized by only one or two types determined by MLST but these changed, with some strains superseding others. In conclusion, the study provided strong evidence for the environment as a source of campylobacters colonizing housed broiler flocks. It also demonstrated colonization by successive campylobacter types determined by MLST during the life of a flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bull
- Food Microbiology Collaborating Unit, Health Protection Agency (HPA), University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom.
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15
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Tinker D, Berry P, White R, Prescott N, Welch S, Lankhaar J. Improvement of the Welfare of Broilers by Changes to a Mechanical Unloading System. J APPL POULTRY RES 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/14.2.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- C Price
- Nursing Research Council, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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17
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Gacheru S, McGee C, Uriu-Hare JY, Kosonen T, Packman S, Tinker D, Krawetz SA, Reiser K, Keen CL, Rucker RB. Expression and accumulation of lysyl oxidase, elastin, and type I procollagen in human Menkes and mottled mouse fibroblasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 1993; 301:325-9. [PMID: 8096378 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1993.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Menkes syndrome in humans is an X-linked disorder characterized in part by abnormal copper transport, cellular copper sequestration, and defective crosslinking of collagen and elastin. A decrease in the functional activity of lysyl oxidase, a cuproenzyme, is thought in part to be responsible for the decreased crosslinking of collagen and elastin. It has also been suggested that low levels of lysyl oxidase activity may occur secondarily to disturbances in intracellular copper translocation and consequently impaired incorporation of copper into lysyl oxidase. Herein, we examine the expression and accumulation of selected extracellular matrix proteins in fibroblasts from a Menkes patient, as well as fibroblasts from the tortoiseshell (MoTo/y) mouse. The MoTo mutation is an allele of the mottled (Mo) locus, which is considered to be a murine analog of the human Menkes locus. In both Menkes and tortoiseshell fibroblasts, levels of lysyl oxidase mRNA transcripts were less than 15% of levels for corresponding controls. The level of elastin mRNA transcripts was also markedly lower in both cell lines in comparison to controls. In contrast, the levels of procollagen Type I mRNA were similar or enhanced in Menkes and MoTo/y fibroblasts compared to their respective controls. Consequently, we conclude that the connective tissue defects associated with Menkes syndrome and those occurring in mottled mouse mutants involve more than abnormal copper utilization in the formation of lysyl oxidase holoenzyme. Based on the present studies in cell culture, the production of essential enzymes and matrix proteins, such as lysyl oxidase and elastin, appear to be altered at the level of transcription or mRNA turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gacheru
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616-8669
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18
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Dalessandri KM, Wedemeyer W, Tsukamoto H, Bogren H, Brock J, Tinker D, Rucker RB, Eisele P, Parker J, Bjorkerud S. Watanabe hyperlipidemic rabbit as a model of aortic degeneration of the medial lamellar elastin unit. J INVEST SURG 1992; 5:19-23. [PMID: 1576102 DOI: 10.3109/08941939209031589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
At age 3 years, WHHL rabbits are near the end of their lifespan, frequently dying from the progression of their hyperlipidemic disease from events such as myocardial infarction. Out of a colony of 20 three-year-old WHHL rabbits raised as part of a NIH breeding project, 2 rabbits actually died of a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm. The need for a model to study abdominal aortic aneurysm formation led us to explore further the abdominal aortic pathology in aged WHHL rabbits. Six rabbit abdominal aortas from 3-year-old WHHL rabbits were preserved in formalin, sectioned, and stained for elastin. These were compared to the same sections of six normolipidemic age matched New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits. There was significant (P less than or equal to .001) destruction of the medial lamellar elastin unit in the aorta of the WHHL rabbits compared with the control NZW rabbits. Severe cholesterol deposits appeared to destroy the medial lamellae from the inside out. No definite aneurysm formation was seen in the abdominal aorta despite the significant changes in the medial lamellar elastin units. Thus, this model could be used to study the elastin degeneration of the media, but not necessarily abdominal aortic aneurysm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Dalessandri
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Martinez, CA 94553
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Romero-Chapman N, Lee J, Tinker D, Uriu-Hare JY, Keen CL, Rucker RR. Purification, properties and influence of dietary copper on accumulation and functional activity of lysyl oxidase in rat skin. Biochem J 1991; 275 ( Pt 3):657-62. [PMID: 1674861 PMCID: PMC1150105 DOI: 10.1042/bj2750657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (protein-lysine 6-oxidase; EC 1.4.3.13) is a copper-containing enzyme that functions extracellularly and catalyses the oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine. Lysyl oxidase was purified 150-175-fold from urea extracts of rat skin and uteri. Features of the enzyme were similar to those reported previously for lysyl oxidase obtained from rat aorta and bovine ligamenture. However, both approximately 40 and approximately 32 kDa polypeptide chains could be isolated from rat skin with apparent lysyl oxidase activity. Antibodies raised in chickens against the approximately 40 kDa form of lysyl oxidase detected the approximately 32 kDa form in immunoblots. Consequently it is inferred that the approximately 32 kDa form of lysyl oxidase is processed from the approximately 40 kDa form of the enzyme. The antibodies were also used to prepare anti(rat lysyl oxidase) affinity columns to facilitate the separation of lysyl oxidase from other proteins in studies to assess the extent to which lysyl oxidase serves as a reservoir for skin copper. At 16 h after an oral dose of copper, as 67Cu, about 6-8% of the total 67Cu incorporated into rat skin was found in association with lysyl oxidase. The lysyl oxidase concentration in rat skin was 2.5-7.5 nmol/g (determined by e.l.i.s.a.). Changing the copper status of rats by feeding a diet deficient in copper did not appear to influence lysyl oxidase accumulation in skin nor the percentage of incorporation of 67Cu in skin as lysyl oxidase. However, when rats were deprived of copper, the functional activity of lysyl oxidase in skin was one-third to one-half the normal values.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Romero-Chapman
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616-8669
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20
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Abstract
Accelerated proteolysis of tropoelastin and elastin occurs in the arteries of chicks rendered nutritionally copper-deficient. The process results in part from decreased elastin crosslinking. Repletion of copper-deficient chicks with copper causes a deposition of elastin that is proteinase resistant. Resistance to proteolysis is conferred within 48 h of dietary copper repletion. Deposition of aorta elastin to near normal values occurs after 3-4 days in copper-repleted chicks. Moreover, elastolysis was enhanced when the content of dehydrolysinonorleucine in elastin was abnormally low. The chemical modification of lysyl residue in elastin by citroconylation, however, did not influence the rate of elastolysis. We have shown previously that tropoelastin messenger RNA activity and synthesis are not influenced by dietary copper deprivation (1986, Biochem. J. 236, 17-23). Rather, as demonstrated herein, the decrease in elastin content in arteries of copper-deficient birds appears to be more the result of enhanced degradation. Restoration of normal crosslinking restores deposition and imparts resistance to elastolysis. Moreover, serum appears to be a good source of elastolytic proteinases when the elastin substrate is partially or abnormally crosslinked.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tinker
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616
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21
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Abstract
The relative levels of elastin-specific mRNA were used as a measure of tropoelastin expression in uteri from pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. The levels of elastin-specific mRNA were also correlated with values for net tropoelastin production and net deposition of mature, crosslinked elastin. The total content of uterine elastin increased throughout gestation, reaching maximal levels at Day 19 of gestation, which were three times those of nongravid tissue. Following involution, the elastin content decreased rapidly to near baseline values by 5 days postpartum. The content of soluble elastin, estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, paralleled in part the increase in elastin deposition and elastin mRNA levels. Uterine elastin metabolism appears to be unlike that in other elastic tissues, e.g., lung and large blood vessels. In most elastin containing tissues, the protein is synthesized during discrete developmental periods and is not readily degraded. However, uterine elastin is continuously expressed, and appears to be in a continual cycle of degradation and replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sharrow
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis 95616
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Abstract
Mice fed a chemically defined diet devoid of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) grew poorly, failed to reproduce, and became osteolathyritic. Moreover, severely affected mice had friable skin, skin collagen that was readily extractable into neutral salt solutions, and decreased lysyl oxidase. The identification of functional defects in connective tissue and the growth retardation associated with PQQ deprivation suggest that PQQ plays a fundamental role as a growth factor or vitamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Killgore
- Department of Nutrition, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616
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Chung K, Romero N, Tinker D, Keen CL, Amemiya K, Rucker R. Role of copper in the regulation and accumulation of superoxide dismutase and metallothionein in rat liver. J Nutr 1988; 118:859-64. [PMID: 3392595 DOI: 10.1093/jn/118.7.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of four diets that varied in Cu, Zn or Cd content. To the control diet (I) Cu, Zn and Cd were added at 10, 100 and 0 mg/kg diet, respectively. Diets II and III also contained 10 mg/kg of dietary Cu, except that Zn was elevated to 1000 mg/kg for diet II, or Cd was added at 10 mg/kg for diet III. Diet IV was deficient in Cu (less than 1 mg/kg) with Zn at 100 mg/kg and no added Cd. At wk 6 postweaning, half of the rats fed diets I and IV were injected once with Cd acetate (5 mg Cd/kg body weight). The immediate response to Cd injection was an increase in metallothionein accumulation (three- to fourfold) and in Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) accumulation (1.2- to 1.5-fold) in liver. SOD was estimated in an ELISA. These responses were not influenced by a change in Cu status (I vs. IV). However, in functional assays, SOD enzymatic activity was about half that of the control values. In this regard, SOD appears to be given high priority with respect to the utilization of cellular Cu, i.e., a 10-fold reduction in hepatic Cu only resulted in a twofold reduction in SOD activity and the amount of apoenzyme remained at normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chung
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis 95616
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Tinker D, Rucker R. Molecular biology applications in nutrition. Nutr Rev 1987; 45:97-101. [PMID: 3587774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1987.tb02718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Tinker D, Geller J, Romero N, Cross CE, Rucker RB. Tropoelastin production and tropoelastin messenger RNA activity. Relationship to copper and elastin cross-linking in chick aorta. Biochem J 1986; 237:17-23. [PMID: 2432871 PMCID: PMC1146942 DOI: 10.1042/bj2370017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The elastin content of the chick thoracic aorta increases 2--3-fold during the first 3 weeks post-hatching. The deposition of elastin requires the covalent cross-linking of tropoelastin by means of lysine-derived cross-links. This process is sensitive to dietary copper intake, since copper serves as cofactor for lysyl oxidase, the enzyme that catalyses the oxidative deamination of the lysine residues involved in cross-link formation. Disruption of cross-linking alters tissue concentrations of both elastin and tropoelastin and results in a net decrease in aortic elastin content. Autoregulation of tropoelastin synthesis by changes in the pool sizes of elastin or tropoelastin has been suggested as a possible mechanism for the diminished aortic elastin content. Consequently, dietary copper deficiency was induced to study the effect of impaired elastin cross-link formation on tropoelastin synthesis. Elastin in aortae from copper-deficient chicks was only two-thirds to one-half the amount measured in copper-supplemented chicks, whereas copper-deficient concentrations of tropoelastin in aorta were at least 5-fold higher than normal. In spite of these changes, however, increased amounts of tropoelastin, copper deficiency and decreased amounts of elastin did not influence the amounts of functional elastin mRNA in aorta. Likewise, the production of tropoelastin in aorta explants was the same whether the explants were taken from copper-sufficient or -deficient birds. The lower accumulation of elastin in aorta from copper-deficient chicks appeared to be due to extracellular proteolysis, rather than to a decrease in the rate of synthesis. Electrophoresis of aorta extracts, followed by immunological detection of tropoelastin-derived products, indicated degradation products in aortae from copper-deficient birds. In extracts of aortae from copper-sufficient chicks, tropoelastin was not degraded and appeared to be incorporated into elastin without further proteolytic processing.
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Abstract
In the past 20 yr, enormous strides have been made in the field of molecular biology. We are now in a period characterized by rapid progress in the understanding of the fundamentals of metabolic regulation as well as a deepening appreciation of the potential for biotechnological applications in research. Moreover, there has been an increase in the use of concepts evolved from molecular biology in the study of food components and essential nutrients as factors in control of gene expression. In this review, several examples are described that point out the utility of using the techniques of molecular biologists for nutrition-related problems. Many of the methods currently available for directly examining gene expression are often more simple than the indirect methods traditionally used, e.g., indirect methods involving specific protein or product isolation following appropriate labeling. Also, many of the methods used in molecular biology require less tissue for analyses than conventional methods, are less complex and less expensive than conventional methods.
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Abstract
Accelerated proteolysis of tropoelastin and elastin occurs in the major arteries of chicks fed copper-deficient diets. Signs of elastin degradation are not obvious in normal arteries of copper-supplemented chicks. It is proposed that the sources of proteases that effect elastin degradation are from plasma and serum. Both calcium-dependent proteases and kallikrein were effective in degrading tropoelastin and partially crosslinked insoluble elastin into peptides similar to those detected in aortic extracts from copper-deficient chicks. As dietary copper deficiency progresses it is also possible to detect elastin peptides in plasma.
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