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Park B, Bakbak E, Teoh H, Krishnaraj A, Dennis F, Quan A, Rotstein OD, Butler J, Hess DA, Verma S. GLP-1 receptor agonists and atherosclerosis protection: the vascular endothelium takes center stage. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1159-H1176. [PMID: 38426865 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00574.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a chronic condition that often copresents with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are incretin mimetics endorsed by major professional societies for improving glycemic status and reducing atherosclerotic risk in people living with type 2 diabetes. Although the cardioprotective efficacy of GLP-1RAs and their relationship with traditional risk factors are well established, there is a paucity of publications that have summarized the potentially direct mechanisms through which GLP-1RAs mitigate atherosclerosis. This review aims to narrow this gap by providing comprehensive and in-depth mechanistic insight into the antiatherosclerotic properties of GLP-1RAs demonstrated across large outcome trials. Herein, we describe the landmark cardiovascular outcome trials that triggered widespread excitement around GLP-1RAs as a modern class of cardioprotective agents, followed by a summary of the origins of GLP-1RAs and their mechanisms of action. The effects of GLP-1RAs at each major pathophysiological milestone of atherosclerosis, as observed across clinical trials, animal models, and cell culture studies, are described in detail. Specifically, this review provides recent preclinical and clinical evidence that suggest GLP-1RAs preserve vessel health in part by preventing endothelial dysfunction, achieved primarily through the promotion of angiogenesis and inhibition of oxidative stress. These protective effects are in addition to the broad range of atherosclerotic processes GLP-1RAs target downstream of endothelial dysfunction, which include systemic inflammation, monocyte recruitment, proinflammatory macrophage and foam cell formation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and plaque development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady Park
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fallon Dennis
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - David A Hess
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Krishnaraj A, Bakbak E, Teoh H, Pan Y, Firoz IN, Pandey AK, Terenzi DC, Verma R, Bari B, Bakbak AI, Kunjummar SP, Yanagawa B, Connelly KA, Mazer CD, Rotstein OD, Quan A, Bhatt DL, McGuire DK, Hess DA, Verma S. Vascular Regenerative Cell Deficiencies in South Asian Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:755-769. [PMID: 38355246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asian individuals shoulder a disproportionate burden of cardiometabolic diseases. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine if vascular regenerative cell content varies significantly between South Asian and White European people. METHODS Between January 2022 and January 2023, 60 South Asian and 60 White European adults with either documented cardiovascular disease or established diabetes with ≥1 other cardiovascular risk factor were prospectively enrolled. Vascular regenerative cell content in venous blood was enumerated using a flow cytometry assay that is based on high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDHhi) activity and cell surface marker phenotyping. The primary outcome was the difference in frequency of circulating ALDHhi progenitor cells, monocytes, and granulocytes between the 2 groups. RESULTS Compared with White European participants, those of South Asian ethnicity were younger (69 ± 10 years vs 66 ± 9 years; P < 0.05), had lower weight (88 ± 19 kg vs 75 ± 13 kg; P < 0.001), and exhibited a greater prevalence of type 2 diabetes (62% vs 92%). South Asian individuals had markedly lower circulating frequencies of pro-angiogenic ALDHhiSSClowCD133+ progenitor cells (P < 0.001) and ALDHhiSSCmidCD14+CD163+ monocytes with vessel-reparative capacity (P < 0.001), as well as proportionally more ALDHhi progenitor cells with high reactive oxygen species content (P < 0.05). After correction for sex, age, body mass index, and glycated hemoglobin, South Asian ethnicity was independently associated with lower ALDHhiSSClowCD133+ cell count. CONCLUSIONS South Asian people with cardiometabolic disease had less vascular regenerative and reparative cells suggesting compromised vessel repair capabilities that may contribute to the excess vascular risk in this population. (The Role of South Asian vs European Origins on Circulating Regenerative Cell Exhaustion [ORIGINS-RCE]; NCT05253521).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene N Firoz
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjun K Pandey
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Raj Verma
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Basel Bari
- Markham Health+ Plex, Markham, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of General Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Darren K McGuire
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - David A Hess
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Terenzi DC, Bakbak E, Teoh H, Krishnaraj A, Puar P, Rotstein OD, Cosentino F, Goldenberg RM, Verma S, Hess DA. Restoration of blood vessel regeneration in the era of combination SGLT2i and GLP-1RA therapy for diabetes and obesity. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2858-2874. [PMID: 38367275 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic cardiovascular diseases, including peripheral and coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke, remain major comorbidities for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. During cardiometabolic chronic disease (CMCD), hyperglycaemia and excess adiposity elevate oxidative stress and promote endothelial damage, alongside an imbalance in circulating pro-vascular progenitor cells that mediate vascular repair. Individuals with CMCD demonstrate pro-vascular 'regenerative cell exhaustion' (RCE) characterized by excess pro-inflammatory granulocyte precursor mobilization into the circulation, monocyte polarization towards pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory phenotype, and decreased pro-vascular progenitor cell content, impairing the capacity for vessel repair. Remarkably, targeted treatment with the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin in subjects with T2D and coronary artery disease, and gastric bypass surgery in subjects with severe obesity, has been shown to partially reverse these RCE phenotypes. SGLT2is and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have reshaped the management of individuals with T2D and comorbid obesity. In addition to glucose-lowering action, both drug classes have been shown to induce weight loss and reduce mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in landmark clinical trials. Furthermore, both drug families also act to reduce systemic oxidative stress through altered activity of overlapping oxidase and antioxidant pathways, providing a putative mechanism to augment circulating pro-vascular progenitor cell content. As SGLT2i and GLP-1RA combination therapies are emerging as a novel therapeutic opportunity for individuals with poorly controlled hyperglycaemia, potential additive effects in the reduction of oxidative stress may also enhance vascular repair and further reduce the ischaemic cardiovascular comorbidities associated with T2D and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella C Terenzi
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Stewart Building, 149 College Street, 5th floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solnavagen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Stewart Building, 149 College Street, 5th floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cells Biology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6H 0E8, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6H 0E8, Canada
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Bakbak E, Verma S, Krishnaraj A, Quan A, Wang CH, Pan Y, Puar P, Mason T, Verma R, Terenzi DC, Rotstein OD, Yan AT, Connelly KA, Teoh H, Mazer CD, Hess DA. Empagliflozin improves circulating vascular regenerative cell content in people without diabetes with risk factors for adverse cardiac remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1210-H1222. [PMID: 37773589 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00141.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Sodium glucose-cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been reported to reduce cardiovascular events and heart failure in people with and without diabetes. These medications have been shown to counter regenerative cell exhaustion in the context of prevalent diabetes. This study sought to determine if empagliflozin attenuates regenerative cell exhaustion in people without diabetes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at the baseline and 6-mo visits from individuals randomized to receive empagliflozin (10 mg/day) or placebo who were participating in the EMPA-HEART 2 CardioLink-7 trial. Precursor cell phenotypes were characterized by flow cytometry for cell-surface markers combined with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity to identify precursor cell subsets with progenitor (ALDHhi) versus mature effector (ALDHlow) cell attributes. Samples from individuals assigned to empagliflozin (n = 25) and placebo (n = 21) were analyzed. At baseline, overall frequencies of primitive progenitor cells (ALDHhiSSClow), monocyte (ALDHhiSSCmid), and granulocyte (ALDHhiSSChi) precursor cells in both groups were similar. At 6 mo, participants randomized to empagliflozin demonstrated increased ALDHhiSSClowCD133+CD34+ proangiogenic cells (P = 0.048), elevated ALDHhiSSCmidCD163+ regenerative monocyte precursors (P = 0.012), and decreased ALDHhiSSCmidCD86 + CD163- proinflammatory monocyte (P = 0.011) polarization compared with placebo. Empagliflozin promoted the recovery of multiple circulating provascular cell subsets in people without diabetes suggesting that the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors may be attributed in part to the attenuation of vascular regenerative cell exhaustion that is independent of diabetes status.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity-based flow cytometry assay, we found that empagliflozin treatment for 6 mo was associated with parallel increases in circulating vascular regenerative ALDHhi-CD34/CD133-coexpressing progenitors and decreased proinflammatory ALDHhi-CD14/CD86-coexpressing monocyte precursors in individuals without diabetes but with cardiovascular risk factors. The rejuvenation of the vascular regenerative cell reservoir may represent a mechanism via which sodium glucose-cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors limit maladaptive repair and delay the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Bakbak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chao-Hung Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Failure Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tamique Mason
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ori D Rotstein
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Bakbak E, Krishnaraj A, Park B, Verma S, Hess DA. Vascular regenerative cells in cardiometabolic disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2023; 38:546-551. [PMID: 37668181 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will provide an overview of the recent literature linking the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic disease with the depletion and dysfunction of circulating vascular regenerative (VR) cell content. Moreover, we provide rationale for the use of VR cells as a biomarker for cardiovascular risk and the use of pharmacological agents to improve VR cell content. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies demonstrate the potential of VR cells as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk and as a therapeutic target. Notably, lipid-lowering agents, antihyperglycemic therapies such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, as well as exercise and weight loss, have all been found to improve VR cell content, providing mechanistic evidence supporting a role in mitigating adverse cardiovascular outcomes in people with cardiometabolic-based disease. SUMMARY The importance of VR cells as a biomarker in assessing cardiovascular risk is becoming increasingly apparent. This review highlights recent literature supporting the accurate use of VR cell characterization to monitor the capacity for vessel repair and novel strategies to improve vessel health. Future research is required to validate and optimize these emerging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Brady Park
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - David A Hess
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Rashu R, Ninkov M, Wardell CM, Benoit JM, Wang NI, Meilleur CE, D'Agostino MR, Zhang A, Feng E, Saeedian N, Bell GI, Vahedi F, Hess DA, Barr SD, Troyer RM, Kang CY, Ashkar AA, Miller MS, Haeryfar SMM. Targeting the MR1-MAIT cell axis improves vaccine efficacy and affords protection against viral pathogens. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011485. [PMID: 37384813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are MR1-restricted, innate-like T lymphocytes with tremendous antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions. Additionally, MAIT cells sense and respond to viral infections in an MR1-independent fashion. However, whether they can be directly targeted in immunization strategies against viral pathogens is unclear. We addressed this question in multiple wild-type and genetically altered but clinically relevant mouse strains using several vaccine platforms against influenza viruses, poxviruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We demonstrate that 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU), a riboflavin-based MR1 ligand of bacterial origin, can synergize with viral vaccines to expand MAIT cells in multiple tissues, reprogram them towards a pro-inflammatory MAIT1 phenotype, license them to bolster virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses, and potentiate heterosubtypic anti-influenza protection. Repeated 5-OP-RU administration did not render MAIT cells anergic, thus allowing for its inclusion in prime-boost immunization protocols. Mechanistically, tissue MAIT cell accumulation was due to their robust proliferation, as opposed to altered migratory behavior, and required viral vaccine replication competency and Toll-like receptor 3 and type I interferon receptor signaling. The observed phenomenon was reproducible in female and male mice, and in both young and old animals. It could also be recapitulated in a human cell culture system in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to replicating virions and 5-OP-RU. In conclusion, although viruses and virus-based vaccines are devoid of the riboflavin biosynthesis machinery that supplies MR1 ligands, targeting MR1 enhances the efficacy of vaccine-elicited antiviral immunity. We propose 5-OP-RU as a non-classic but potent and versatile vaccine adjuvant against respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheduzzaman Rashu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marina Ninkov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine M Wardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenna M Benoit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole I Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney E Meilleur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael R D'Agostino
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Zhang
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Feng
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nasrin Saeedian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian I Bell
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Vahedi
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen D Barr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan M Troyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chil-Yong Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew S Miller
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Puar P, Hibino M, Mazer CD, Yan AT, Pandey AK, Quan A, Teoh H, Hess DA, Verma R, Connelly KA, Verma S. Left ventricular mass predicts cardiac reverse remodelling in patients treated with empagliflozin. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:152. [PMID: 37380983 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01849-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiovascular (CV) benefits of sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors have been attributed, in part, to cardiac reverse remodelling. The EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 study reported that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition for 6 months with empagliflozin was associated with a significant reduction in left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVMi). In this sub-analysis, we evaluated whether baseline LVMi may influence how empagliflozin affects cardiac reverse remodelling. METHODS A total of 97 patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease were randomized to empagliflozin (10 mg/d) or matching placebo for 6 months. The study cohort was divided into those whose baseline LVMi was ≤ 60 g/m2 and those who had a baseline LVMi > 60 g/m2. Subgroup comparisons were conducted using a linear regression model adjusted for baseline values (ANCOVA) that included an interaction term between LVMi subgroup and treatment. RESULTS Baseline LVMi was 53.3 g/m2 (49.2-57.2) and 69.7 g/m2 (64.2-76.1) for those with baseline ≤ 60 g/m2 (n = 54) and LVMi > 60 g/m2 (n = 43) respectively. The adjusted difference of LVMi regression between those randomized to empagliflozin and placebo were - 0.46 g/m2 (95% CI: -3.44, 2.52, p = 0.76) in the baseline LVMi ≤ 60 g/m2 subgroup and - 7.26 g/m2 (95% CI: -11.40, -3.12, p = 0.0011) in the baseline LVMi > 60 g/m2 subgroup (p-for-interaction = 0.007). No significant associations were found between baseline LVMi and 6-month change in LV end systolic volume-indexed (p-for-interaction = 0.086), LV end diastolic volume-indexed (p-for-interaction = 0.34), or LV ejection fraction (p-for-interaction = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS Patients with higher LVMi at baseline experienced greater LVM regression with empagliflozin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C David Mazer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arjun K Pandey
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cells Biology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Tschirhart BJ, Lu X, Gomes J, Chandrabalan A, Bell G, Hess DA, Xing G, Ling H, Burger D, Feng Q. Annexin A5 Inhibits Endothelial Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Platelets and Microvesicles via Phosphatidylserine Binding. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:837. [PMID: 37375784 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is caused by a dysregulated immune response to infection and is a leading cause of mortality globally. To date, no specific therapeutics are available to treat the underlying septic response. We and others have shown that recombinant human annexin A5 (Anx5) treatment inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production and improves survival in rodent sepsis models. During sepsis, activated platelets release microvesicles (MVs) with externalization of phosphatidylserine to which Anx5 binds with high affinity. We hypothesized that recombinant human Anx5 blocks the pro-inflammatory response induced by activated platelets and MVs in vascular endothelial cells under septic conditions via phosphatidylserine binding. Our data show that treatment with wildtype Anx5 reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated platelets or MVs in endothelial cells (p < 0.01), which was not observed with Anx5 mutant deficient in phosphatidylserine binding. In addition, wildtype Anx5 treatment, but not Anx5 mutant, improved trans-endothelial electrical resistance (p < 0.05) and reduced monocyte (p < 0.001) and platelet (p < 0.001) adhesion to vascular endothelial cells in septic conditions. In conclusion, recombinant human Anx5 inhibits endothelial inflammation induced by activated platelets and MVs in septic conditions via phosphatidylserine binding, which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent J Tschirhart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Xiangru Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Janice Gomes
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Arundhasa Chandrabalan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gillian Bell
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Guangxin Xing
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Hong Ling
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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9
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Puar P, Mistry N, Connelly KA, Yan AT, Quan A, Teoh H, Pan Y, Verma R, Hess DA, Verma S, Mazer CD. IGFBP7 and left ventricular mass regression: a sub-analysis of the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 randomized clinical trial. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:2113-2119. [PMID: 37038626 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Given recent suggestions that serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) may identify patients who derive greater cardiorenal benefits from treatment with sodium-glucose transport 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), this exploratory sub-analysis of the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 randomized controlled trial evaluated the association between serum levels of IGFBP7 and empagliflozin-mediated left ventricular mass regression. METHODS AND RESULTS The EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 trial used gold-standard cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to detect change in left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVMi) following 6 months of treatment with empagliflozin or matching placebo in 97 patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Serum samples were collected at baseline and analysed for IGFBP7 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the association between IGFBP7 and baseline LVMi. A linear model adjusting for baseline differences in LVMi was used to test the relationship between baseline IGFBP7 level, change in LVMi over 6 months, and treatment arm. Of the 97 patients enrolled, 74 had complete covariate data and were included in our analysis. No association between baseline IGFBP7 and baseline LVMi was found [baseline LVMi: 0.14 g/m2 (95% CI: -0.29 g/m2 to 0.57 g/m2 ) per 1 ng/mL higher baseline IGFBP7]. In addition, no difference between patients treated with empagliflozin versus matching placebo was found when evaluating the association between serum IGFBP7, 6 month change in LVMi, and treatment arm [empagliflozin 6 month change in LVMi: 0.25 g/m2 (95% CI: -0.17 g/m2 to 0.67 g/m2 ) per 1 ng/mL higher IGFBP7 vs. matching placebo 6 month change in LVMi: 0.07 g/m2 (95% CI: -0.21 g/m2 to 0.35 g/m2 ) per 1 ng/mL higher IGFBP7; Pinteraction = 0.49]. Additional sensitivity analysis assessing IGFBP7 as a categorical variable (above/below the median) showed no significant association between IGFBP7, 6 month change in LVMi, and treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insight into the generalizability of IGFBP7 as a surrogate marker of cardiac remodelling in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Our results suggest that SGLT2i-mediated reverse cardiac remodelling may be independent of IGFBP7 levels. Further investigations evaluating the association between IGFBP7 and SGLT2i are suggested to understand if and how IGFBP7 levels may modulate benefits received from SLGT2i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikhil Mistry
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A Hess
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Krishnaraj A, Bakbak E, Teoh H, Bhatt DL, Quan A, Puar P, Lambotharan B, Kirubaharan A, Firoz IN, Meglis G, Yanagawa B, Bari B, Kirubaharan R, Vijayaraghavan R, Hess DA, Demchuk AM, Mancini GBJ, Tanguay JF, Tardif JC, Voisine P, Leiter LA, Verma S. Generalizability of the REDUCE-IT trial to South Asians with cardiovascular disease. Med (N Y) 2023; 4:130-138.e1. [PMID: 36630964 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asians (SAs) represent ∼25% of the world's population and account for >50% of global cardiovascular (CV) deaths, yet they continue to be underrepresented in contemporary clinical trials. The REDUCE-IT study demonstrated in a high-risk and predominantly White population that icosapent ethyl (IPE) lowered major adverse cardiovascular events by 25%. We sought to determine the generalizability of these results to a high-risk population of SAs with established CV disease living in Canada. METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational study of 200 statin-treated SAs (≥45 years) with atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD) (NCT05271591). SA ethnicity was self-identified as being of Anglo-Indian, Bangladeshi, Bengali, Bhutanese, Goan, Gujarati, Indian, Jatt, Kashmiri, Maharashtrian, Malayali, Nepali, Pakistani, Punjabi, Sindhi, Sinhalese, Sri Lankan, Tamil, Telugu, or other SA. ASCVD was defined as the presence of coronary, carotid, or peripheral atherosclerosis. FINDINGS Mean age of the cohort was 67 years, where 82% were men and 57% had diabetes. The predominant ASCVD phenotype was coronary artery disease (94%). Mean (SD) baseline LDL-C and triglycerides were 1.70 (0.8) mmol/L and 1.42 (1.0) mmol/L, respectively. Three-quarters were on high-intensity statin therapy. According to the Health Canada/Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines and FDA-approved indication, 33% and 25% of the participants were, respectively, eligible for IPE. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of high-intensity, statin-treated, high-risk patients with ASCVD and of self-reported SA ethnicity are eligible for IPE. These data have important translational implications for SAs who are at a disproportionately higher risk of CV morbidity and mortality. FUNDING This study was funded by an unrestricted grant provided by HLS Therapeutics Inc, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Bhaavani Lambotharan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Aathmika Kirubaharan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Irene N Firoz
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gus Meglis
- North York Diagnostic and Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Basel Bari
- Markham Health+Plex Medical Centre, Markham, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ram Vijayaraghavan
- Scarborough Heart Health Institute, Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew M Demchuk
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - G B John Mancini
- Division of Cardiology and the Centres for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Pierre Voisine
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; North York Diagnostic and Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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11
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Connelly KA, Mazer CD, Puar P, Teoh H, Wang CH, Mason T, Akhavein F, Chang CW, Liu MH, Yang NI, Chen WS, Juan YH, Opingari E, Salyani Y, Barbour W, Pasricha A, Ahmed S, Kosmopoulos A, Verma R, Moroney M, Bakbak E, Krishnaraj A, Bhatt DL, Butler J, Kosiborod MN, Lam CSP, Hess DA, Rizzi Coelho-Filho O, Lafreniere-Roula M, Thorpe KE, Quan A, Leiter LA, Yan AT, Verma S. Empagliflozin and Left Ventricular Remodeling in People Without Diabetes: Primary Results of the EMPA-HEART 2 CardioLink-7 Randomized Clinical Trial. Circulation 2023; 147:284-295. [PMID: 36335517 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.062769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have been demonstrated to promote reverse cardiac remodeling in people with diabetes or heart failure. Although it has been theorized that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors might afford similar benefits in people without diabetes or prevalent heart failure, this has not been evaluated. We sought to determine whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin leads to a decrease in left ventricular (LV) mass in people without type 2 diabetes or significant heart failure. METHODS Between April 2021 and January 2022, 169 individuals, 40 to 80 years of age, without diabetes but with risk factors for adverse cardiac remodeling were randomly assigned to empagliflozin (10 mg/d; n=85) or placebo (n=84) for 6 months. The primary outcome was the 6-month change in LV mass indexed (LVMi) to baseline body surface area as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Other measures included 6-month changes in LV end-diastolic and LV end-systolic volumes indexed to baseline body surface area and LV ejection fraction. RESULTS Among the 169 participants (141 men [83%]; mean age, 59.3±10.5 years), baseline LVMi was 63.2±17.9 g/m2 and 63.8±14.0 g/m2 for the empagliflozin- and placebo-assigned groups, respectively. The difference (95% CI) in LVMi at 6 months in the empagliflozin group versus placebo group adjusted for baseline LVMi was -0.30 g/m2 (-2.1 to 1.5 g/m2; P=0.74). Median baseline (interquartile range) NT-proBNP (N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide) was 51 pg/mL (20-105 pg/mL) and 55 pg/mL (21-132 pg/mL) for the empagliflozin- and placebo-assigned groups, respectively. The 6-month treatment effect of empagliflozin versus placebo (95% CI) on blood pressure and NT-proBNP (adjusted for baseline values) were -1.3 mm Hg (-5.2 to 2.6 mm Hg; P=0.52), 0.69 mm Hg (-1.9 to 3.3 mm Hg; P=0.60), and -6.1 pg/mL (-37.0 to 24.8 pg/mL; P=0.70) for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and NT-proBNP, respectively. No clinically meaningful between-group differences in LV volumes (diastolic and systolic indexed to baseline body surface area) or ejection fraction were observed. No difference in adverse events was noted between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Among people with neither diabetes nor significant heart failure but with risk factors for adverse cardiac remodeling, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin did not result in a meaningful reduction in LVMi after 6 months. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT04461041.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Connelly
- Division of Cardiology (K.A.C., F.A., A.T.Y.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (K.A.C., L.A.L., A.T.Y.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology (K.A.C., C.D.M.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia (C.D.M.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology (K.A.C., C.D.M.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (C.D.M.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (P.P., S.A.)
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.T., L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chao-Hung Wang
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., M.-H.L., N.-I.Y., W.-S.C.), Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., N.-I.Y., Y.-H.J.), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tamique Mason
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farhad Akhavein
- Division of Cardiology (K.A.C., F.A., A.T.Y.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., M.-H.L., N.-I.Y., W.-S.C.), Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology (C.-W.C.), Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., N.-I.Y., Y.-H.J.), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Liu
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., M.-H.L., N.-I.Y., W.-S.C.), Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, Taiwan (M.-H.L.)
| | - Ning-I Yang
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., M.-H.L., N.-I.Y., W.-S.C.), Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., N.-I.Y., Y.-H.J.), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Siang Chen
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., M.-H.L., N.-I.Y., W.-S.C.), Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,Intensive Care Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.-S.C.), Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Juan
- School of Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., N.-I.Y., Y.-H.J.), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute for Radiological Research (Y.-H.J.), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan (Y.-H.J.)
| | - Erika Opingari
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Temerty Faculty of Medicine (E.O., A. Kosmopoulos), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yaseen Salyani
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (Y.S., R.V., M.M.)
| | - William Barbour
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada (W.B., D.A.H.)
| | - Aryan Pasricha
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Health & Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (A.P.)
| | - Shamon Ahmed
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (P.P., S.A.)
| | - Andrew Kosmopoulos
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Temerty Faculty of Medicine (E.O., A. Kosmopoulos), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (Y.S., R.V., M.M.)
| | - Michael Moroney
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (Y.S., R.V., M.M.)
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.B., A. Krishnaraj, D.A.H., S.V.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.B., A. Krishnaraj, D.A.H., S.V.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.)
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX (J.B.).,Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.)
| | - Mikhail N Kosiborod
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City (M.N.K.)
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore (C.S.P.L.).,Division of Cardiology, Duke-National University of Singapore (C.S.P.L.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil (C.S.P.L.)
| | - David A Hess
- Division of Vascular Surgery (D.A.H.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.B., A. Krishnaraj, D.A.H., S.V.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada (W.B., D.A.H.).,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada (D.A.H.)
| | | | - Myriam Lafreniere-Roula
- Applied Health Research Centre (M.L.-R., K.E.T.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin E Thorpe
- Applied Health Research Centre (M.L.-R., K.E.T.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dana Lana School of Public Health (K.E.T.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.T., L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (K.A.C., L.A.L., A.T.Y.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences (L.A.L.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Division of Cardiology (K.A.C., F.A., A.T.Y.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (K.A.C., L.A.L., A.T.Y.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.B., A. Krishnaraj, D.A.H., S.V.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery (S.V.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Puar P, Mistry N, Connelly KA, Yan AT, Quan A, Teoh H, Pan Y, Verma R, Hess DA, Verma S, Mazer CD. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 as a predictor marker of cardiac remodelling and SGLT2-inhibitor meditated cardiac reverse remodelling in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Bakbak E, Terenzi DC, Trac JZ, Teoh H, Quan A, Glazer SA, Rotstein OD, Al-Omran M, Verma S, Hess DA. Lessons from bariatric surgery: Can increased GLP-1 enhance vascular repair during cardiometabolic-based chronic disease? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:1171-1188. [PMID: 34228302 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity represent entangled pandemics that accelerate the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the immense burden of CVD in society, non-invasive prevention and treatment strategies to promote cardiovascular health are desperately needed. During T2D and obesity, chronic dysglycemia and abnormal adiposity result in systemic oxidative stress and inflammation that deplete the vascular regenerative cell reservoir in the bone marrow that impairs blood vessel repair and exacerbates the penetrance of CVD co-morbidities. This novel translational paradigm, termed 'regenerative cell exhaustion' (RCE), can be detected as the depletion and dysfunction of hematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cell lineages in the peripheral blood of individuals with established T2D and/or obesity. The reversal of vascular RCE has been observed after administration of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), empagliflozin, or after bariatric surgery for severe obesity. In this review, we explore emerging evidence that links improved dysglycemia to a reduction in systemic oxidative stress and recovery of circulating pro-vascular progenitor cell content required for blood vessel repair. Given that bariatric surgery consistently increases systemic glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) release, we also focus on evidence that the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) during obesity may act to inhibit the progression of systemic dysglycemia and adiposity, and indirectly reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby limiting the impact of RCE. Therefore, therapeutic intervention with currently-available GLP-1RA may provide a less-invasive modality to reverse RCE, bolster vascular repair mechanisms, and improve cardiometabolic risk in individuals living with T2D and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniella C Terenzi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Z Trac
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen A Glazer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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14
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Hess DA, Verma S, Bhatt D, Bakbak E, Terenzi DC, Puar P, Cosentino F. Vascular repair and regeneration in cardiometabolic diseases. Eur Heart J 2021; 43:450-459. [PMID: 34849704 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cardiometabolic assaults during type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity induce a progenitor cell imbalance in the circulation characterized by overproduction and release of pro-inflammatory monocytes and granulocytes from the bone marrow alongside aberrant differentiation and mobilization of pro-vascular progenitor cells that generate downstream progeny for the coordination of blood vessel repair. This imbalance can be detected in the peripheral blood of individuals with established T2D and severe obesity using multiparametric flow cytometry analyses to discern pro-inflammatory vs. pro-angiogenic progenitor cell subsets identified by high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, a conserved progenitor cell protective function, combined with lineage-restricted cell surface marker analyses. Recent evidence suggests that progenitor cell imbalance can be reversed by treatment with pharmacological agents or surgical interventions that reduce hyperglycaemia or excess adiposity. In this state-of-the-art review, we present current strategies to assess the progression of pro-vascular regenerative cell depletion in peripheral blood samples of individuals with T2D and obesity and we summarize novel clinical data that intervention using sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition or gastric bypass surgery can efficiently restore cell-mediated vascular repair mechanisms associated with profound cardiovascular benefits in recent outcome trials. Collectively, this thesis generates a compelling argument for early intervention using current pharmacological agents to prevent or restore imbalanced circulating progenitor content and maintain vascular regenerative cell trafficking to sites of ischaemic damage. This conceptual advancement may lead to the design of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent or reverse the devastating cardiovascular comorbidities currently associated with T2D and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cells Biology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6H 0E8, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6H 0E8, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada
| | - Deepak Bhatt
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Daniella C Terenzi
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE171 77, Sweden
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Hess DA, Terenzi DC, Verma S. Heal Thyself: SGLT2 Inhibition Limits Regenerative Cell Exhaustion and Heals Damaged Vessels. Diabetes 2021; 70:1620-1622. [PMID: 34285122 DOI: 10.2337/dbi21-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniella C Terenzi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ćulum NM, Cooper TT, Bell GI, Hess DA, Lagugné-Labarthet F. Characterization of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5013-5024. [PMID: 34137912 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by all cells into bodily fluids and play an important role in intercellular communication through the transfer of proteins and RNA. There is evidence that EVs specifically released from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are potent cell-free regenerative agents. However, for MSC EVs to be used in therapeutic practices, there must be a standardized and reproducible method for their characterization. The detection and characterization of EVs are a challenge due to their nanoscale size as well as their molecular heterogeneity. To address this challenge, we have fabricated gold nanohole arrays of varying sizes and shapes by electron beam lithography. These platforms have the dual purpose of trapping single EVs and enhancing their vibrational signature in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). In this paper, we report SERS spectra for MSC EVs derived from pancreatic tissue (Panc-MSC) and bone marrow (BM-MSC). Using principal component analysis (PCA), we determined that the main compositional differences between these two groups are found at 1236, 761, and 1528 cm-1, corresponding to amide III, tryptophan, and an in-plane -C=C- vibration, respectively. We additionally explored several machine learning approaches to distinguish between BM- and Panc-MSC EVs and achieved 89 % accuracy, 89 % sensitivity, and 88 % specificity using logistic regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Ćulum
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), University of Western Ontario (Western University), 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Tyler T Cooper
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario (Western University), 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Gillian I Bell
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario (Western University), 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario (Western University), 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - François Lagugné-Labarthet
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), University of Western Ontario (Western University), 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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17
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Leclerc CJ, Cooper TT, Bell GI, Lajoie GA, Flynn LE, Hess DA. Decellularized adipose tissue scaffolds guide hematopoietic differentiation and stimulate vascular regeneration in a hindlimb ischemia model. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120867. [PMID: 33992837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular therapies to stimulate therapeutic angiogenesis in individuals with critical limb ischemia (CLI) remain under intense investigation. In this context, the efficacy of cell therapy is dependent on the survival, biodistribution, and pro-angiogenic paracrine signaling of the cells transplanted. Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) purified from human umbilical cord blood using high aldehyde dehydrogenase-activity (ALDHhi cells) and expanded ex vivo, represent a heterogeneous mixture of progenitor cells previously shown to support limb revascularization in mouse models of CLI. The objectives of this study were to investigate the utility of bioscaffolds derived from human decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) to guide the differentiation of seeded HPC in vitro and harness the pro-angiogenic capacity of HPC at the site of ischemia after implantation in vivo. Probing whether the DAT scaffolds altered HPC differentiation, label-free quantitative mass spectrometry and flow cytometric phenotype analyses indicated that culturing the HPC on the DAT scaffolds supported their differentiation towards the pro-angiogenic monocyte/macrophage lineage at the expense of megakaryopoiesis. Moreover, implantation of HPC in DAT scaffolds within a unilateral hindlimb ischemia model in NOD/SCID mice increased cell retention at the site of ischemia relative to intramuscular injection, and accelerated the recovery of limb perfusion, improved functional limb use and augmented CD31+ capillary density when compared to DAT implantation alone or saline-injected controls. Collectively, these data indicate that cell-instructive DAT scaffolds can direct therapeutic HPC differentiation towards the monocyte/macrophage lineage and represent a promising delivery platform for improving the efficacy of cell therapies for CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Leclerc
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Amit Chakma Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9; Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B6, Canada
| | - Tyler T Cooper
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B6, Canada; Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Gillian I Bell
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B6, Canada
| | - Gilles A Lajoie
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Lauren E Flynn
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Amit Chakma Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B6, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella C Terenzi
- Institute of Medical Science (D.C.T.), University of Toronto, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery (D.C.T., S.V.), St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Department of Surgery (S.V.), University of Toronto, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery (D.C.T., S.V.), St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology (D.A.H.), University of Toronto, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery (D.A.H.), St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Canada (D.A.H.)
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19
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Cooper TT, Sherman SE, Bell GI, Dayarathna T, McRae DM, Ma J, Lagugné-Labarthet F, Pasternak SH, Lajoie GA, Hess DA. Ultrafiltration and Injection of Islet Regenerative Stimuli Secreted by Pancreatic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:247-264. [PMID: 33403929 PMCID: PMC10331161 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretome of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is enriched for biotherapeutic effectors contained within and independent of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that may support tissue regeneration as an injectable agent. We have demonstrated that the intrapancreatic injection of concentrated conditioned media (CM) produced by bone marrow MSC supports islet regeneration and restored glycemic control in hyperglycemic mice, ultimately providing a platform to elucidate components of the MSC secretome. Herein, we extend these findings using human pancreas-derived MSC (Panc-MSC) as "biofactories" to enrich for tissue regenerative stimuli housed within distinct compartments of the secretome. Specifically, we utilized 100 kDa ultrafiltration as a simple method to debulk protein mass and to enrich for EVs while concentrating the MSC secretome into an injectable volume for preclinical assessments in murine models of blood vessel and islet regeneration. EV enrichment (EV+) was validated using nanoscale flow cytometry and atomic force microscopy, in addition to the detection of classical EV markers CD9, CD81, and CD63 using label-free mass spectrometry. EV+ CM was predominately enriched with mediators of wound healing and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that supported functional regeneration in mesenchymal and nonmesenchymal tissues. For example, EV+ CM supported human microvascular endothelial cell tubule formation in vitro and enhanced the recovery of blood perfusion following intramuscular injection in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice with unilateral hind limb ischemia. Furthermore, EV+ CM increased islet number and β cell mass, elevated circulating insulin, and improved glycemic control following intrapancreatic injection in streptozotocin-treated mice. Collectively, this study provides foundational evidence that Panc-MSC, readily propagated from the subculture of human islets, may be utilized for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler T. Cooper
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Western University, London, Canada
| | - Stephen E. Sherman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Gillian I. Bell
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Thamara Dayarathna
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
| | | | - Jun Ma
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Stephen H. Pasternak
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Gilles A. Lajoie
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Western University, London, Canada
| | - David A. Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
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20
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Terenzi DC, Bakbak E, Trac JZ, Al-Omran M, Quan A, Teoh H, Verma S, Hess DA. Isolation and characterization of circulating pro-vascular progenitor cell subsets from human whole blood samples. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100311. [PMID: 33554145 PMCID: PMC7856468 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The examination of circulating pro-vascular progenitor cell frequency and function is integral in understanding aberrant blood vessel homeostasis in individuals with cardiometabolic disease. Here, we outline the characterization of progenitor cell subsets from peripheral blood using high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, an intracellular detoxification enzyme previously associated with pro-vascular progenitor cell status. Using this protocol, cells can be examined by flow cytometry for ALDH activity and lineage restricted cell surface markers simultaneously. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Terenzi et al. (2019) and Hess et al. (2019, 2020). Aldehyde dehydrogenase is superior in the isolation of progenitor cells Flow cytometry is an effective method to characterize pro-vascular cells Aggressive gating strategies allows for in-depth progenitor cell characterization The use of fresh blood samples will yield most accurate cell prevalence
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella C Terenzi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Z Trac
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Al-Omran
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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21
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Luu AZ, Luu VZ, Chowdhury B, Kosmopoulos A, Pan Y, Al-Omran M, Quan A, Teoh H, Hess DA, Verma S. Loss of endothelial cell-specific autophagy-related protein 7 exacerbates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100926. [PMID: 33553688 PMCID: PMC7851775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective, broad-spectrum antineoplastic agent with serious cardiotoxic side effects, which may lead to the development of heart failure. Current strategies to diagnose, prevent, and treat DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) are inadequate. Recent evidence has linked the dysregulation and destruction of the vascular endothelium to the development of DIC. Autophagy is a conserved pro-survival mechanism that recycles and removes damaged sub-cellular components. Autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) catalyzes autophagosome formation, a critical step in autophagy. In this study, we used endothelial cell-specific Atg7 knockout (EC-Atg7−/−) mice to characterize the role of endothelial cell-specific autophagy in DIC. DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice showed reduced survival and a greater decline in cardiac function compared to wild-type controls. Histological assessments revealed increased cardiac fibrosis in DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice. Furthermore, DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice had elevated serum levels of creatine kinase-myocardial band, a biomarker for cardiac damage. Thus, the lack of EC-specific autophagy exacerbated DIC. Future studies on the relationship between EC-specific autophagy and DIC could establish the importance of endothelium protection in preventing DIC. Recent data suggest that endothelial cells (ECs) may represent a novel target to reduce doxorubicin (DOX)-linked cardiotoxicity. We used EC-specific autophagy-related protein 7 knock-out (EC-Atg7−/−) mice to determine how ATG7 loss in ECs affects DIC. DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice exhibited reduced survival and cardiac function. Cardiac fibrosis and serum creatine kinase-myocardial band levels were increased in DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice. Loss of endothelial Atg7 exacerbated DIC phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Z Luu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Z Luu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Biswajit Chowdhury
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Kosmopoulos
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Luu VZ, Luu AZ, Chowdhury B, Elbardisy O, Pan Y, Al-Omran M, Quan A, Teoh H, Hess DA, Verma S. Disruption of endothelial cell intraflagellar transport protein 88 exacerbates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Life Sci 2020; 260:118216. [PMID: 32768582 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anticancer drug with severe dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. To address this issue, previous research primarily focused on DOX-induced toxicity on cardiomyocytes. However, more recent research has looked into the endothelium as a therapeutic target due to the emerging role of endothelial cells in the support of cardiomyocyte survival and function. MAIN METHODS We investigated a novel role of endothelial cell (EC) primary cilia in the prevention of DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity. Mice lacking EC primary cilia, via the deletion of EC-specific intraflagellar protein 88 (IFT88) expression, were administered DOX (20 mg/kg i.p.), and assessed for survival, cardiac function, cardiac structure changes, and indices of cardiomyocyte injury. KEY FINDINGS DOX-treatment resulted in reduced survival and cardiac function (ejection fraction and fractional shortening) in EC-IFT88-/- mice vs. their similarly treated wild-type littermates. Cardiomyocyte vacuolization, cardiac fibrosis, and serum CK-MB levels were also increased in DOX-treated mice compared to saline-treated controls. However, these parameters were not significantly different when comparing WT and EC-IFT88-/- mice after DOX treatment. SIGNIFICANCE The loss of EC primary cilia accelerated DOX-mediated mortality and reduced cardiac function, suggesting pathways downstream of ciliary-mediated signal transduction as potential targets to promote EC support of cardiomyocyte function during DOX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Z Luu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albert Z Luu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Biswajit Chowdhury
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar Elbardisy
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Sherman SE, Kuljanin M, Cooper TT, Lajoie GA, Hess DA. Purification and Functional Characterization of CD34-Expressing Cell Subsets Following Ex Vivo Expansion of Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:895-910. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Sherman
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miljan Kuljanin
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler T. Cooper
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilles A. Lajoie
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A. Hess
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Hess DA, Trac JZ, Glazer SA, Terenzi DC, Quan A, Teoh H, Al-Omran M, Bhatt DL, Mazer CD, Rotstein OD, Verma S. Vascular Risk Reduction in Obesity through Reduced Granulocyte Burden and Improved Angiogenic Monocyte Content following Bariatric Surgery. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100018. [PMID: 33205058 PMCID: PMC7659601 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery, in addition to the benefit of sustained weight loss, can also reduce cardiometabolic risk and mortality. Lifelong vessel maintenance is integral to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Using aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, an intracellular detoxifying enzyme present at high levels within pro-vascular progenitor cells, we observed an association between chronic obesity and “regenerative cell exhaustion” (RCE), a pathology whereby chronic assault on circulating regenerative cell types can result in adverse inflammation and diminished vessel repair. We also describe that, at 3 months following bariatric surgery, systemic inflammatory burden was reduced and pro-angiogenic macrophage precursor content was improved in subjects with severe obesity, suggesting the restoration of a microenvironment to support vessel homeostasis. These data suggest that bariatric surgery may reverse deleterious events that predispose patients with morbid obesity to cardiovascular risk. Obesity features a low frequency of ALDH and CD133 co-expressing cells Bariatric surgery results in lower granulocyte precursors expressing ALDH Macrophage balance favors M2 polarization following bariatric surgery Cellular changes after bariatric surgery give insight into reducing CV risk
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hess
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Z Trac
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen A Glazer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Daniella C Terenzi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Division of General Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Abstract
In response to the Letter by Fadini, Hess et al. discuss the interpretation of their data and the details of the multiparametric analyses employed to measure the changes in circulating provascular cell content in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving empagliflozin compared to placebo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hess
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Daniella C Terenzi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Insitute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Insitute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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26
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Dragan M, Nguyen MU, Guzman S, Goertzen C, Brackstone M, Dhillo WS, Bech PR, Clarke S, Abbara A, Tuck AB, Hess DA, Pine SR, Zong WX, Wondisford FE, Su X, Babwah AV, Bhattacharya M. G protein-coupled kisspeptin receptor induces metabolic reprograming and tumorigenesis in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:106. [PMID: 32034133 PMCID: PMC7005685 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly metastatic and deadly disease. TNBC tumors lack estrogen receptor (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 (ErbB2) and exhibit increased glutamine metabolism, a requirement for tumor growth. The G protein-coupled kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) is highly expressed in patient TNBC tumors and promotes malignant transformation of breast epithelial cells. This study found that TNBC patients displayed elevated plasma kisspeptin levels compared with healthy subjects. It also provides the first evidence that in addition to promoting tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, KISS1R-induced glutamine dependence of tumors. In addition, tracer-based metabolomics analyses revealed that KISS1R promoted glutaminolysis and nucleotide biosynthesis by increasing c-Myc and glutaminase levels, key regulators of glutamine metabolism. Overall, this study establishes KISS1R as a novel regulator of TNBC metabolism and metastasis, suggesting that targeting KISS1R could have therapeutic potential in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dragan
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Mai-Uyen Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Stephania Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cameron Goertzen
- Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muriel Brackstone
- Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul R Bech
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Clarke
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alan B Tuck
- Department of Pathology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sharon R Pine
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Wei-Xing Zong
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Frederic E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Andy V Babwah
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Moshmi Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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27
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Chowdhury B, Luu AZ, Luu VZ, Kabir MG, Pan Y, Teoh H, Quan A, Sabongui S, Al-Omran M, Bhatt DL, Mazer CD, Connelly KA, Verma S, Hess DA. The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin reduces mortality and prevents progression in experimental pulmonary hypertension. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:50-56. [PMID: 31980166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, but progressive and devastating vascular disease with few treatment options to prevent the advancement to right ventricular dysfunction hypertrophy and failure. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, enhances urinary glucose excretion as well as reduces cardiovascular events and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. While empagliflozin has been reported to lower systemic hypertension due to increased diuresis, the effect of empagliflozin on PAH is unknown. We used monocrotaline (MCT)-treated Sprague-Dawley rats to determine if empagliflozin alters PAH-associated outcomes. Compared to vehicle control, daily empagliflozin administration significantly improved survival in rats with severe MCT-induced PAH. Hemodynamic assessments showed that empagliflozin treatment significantly reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular systolic pressure, and increased pulmonary acceleration time. Empagliflozin treatment resulted in reduced right ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. Histological and molecular assessments of lung vasculature revealed significantly reduced medial wall thickening and decreased muscularization of pulmonary arterioles after empagliflozin treatment compared to vehicle-treated rats. In summary, SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin lowered mortality, reduced right ventricle systolic pressure, and attenuated maladaptive pulmonary remodeling in MCT-induced PAH. Clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of SGLT-2 inhibition should be considered for patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Chowdhury
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Albert Z Luu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vincent Z Luu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Golam Kabir
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Sabongui
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Cooper TT, Sherman SE, Bell GI, Ma J, Kuljanin M, Jose SE, Lajoie GA, Hess DA. Characterization of a Vimentin high /Nestin high proteome and tissue regenerative secretome generated by human pancreas-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells 2020; 38:666-682. [PMID: 31904137 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent/mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exist within a variety of postnatal tissues; however, global proteomic analyses comparing tissue-specific MSC are limited. Using human bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs as a gold standard, we used label-free mass spectrometry and functional assays to characterize the proteome, secretome, and corresponding function of human pancreas-derived MSCs (Panc-MSCs) with a classical phenotype (CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45-/CD31-). Both MSC subtypes expressed mesenchymal markers vimentin, α-SMA, and STRO-1; however, expression of nestin was increased in Panc-MSCs. Accordingly, these Vimentinhigh /Nestinhigh cells were isolated from fresh human pancreatic islet and non-islet tissues. Next, we identified expression of >60 CD markers shared between Panc-MSCs and BM-MSCs, including validated expression of CD14. An additional 19 CD markers were differentially expressed, including reduced pericyte-marker CD146 expression on Panc-MSCs. Panc-MSCs also showed reduced expression of proteins involved in lipid and retinoid metabolism. Accordingly, Panc-MSCs showed restricted responses to adipogenic stimuli in vitro, although both MSC types demonstrated trilineage differentiation. In contrast, Panc-MSCs demonstrated accelerated growth kinetics and competency to pro-neurogenic stimuli in vitro. The secretome of Panc-MSCs was highly enriched for proteins associated with vascular development, wound healing and chemotaxis. Similar to BM-MSCs, Panc-MSCs conditioned media augmented endothelial cell survival, proliferation, and tubule formation in vitro. Importantly, the secretome of both MSC types was capable of stimulating chemotactic infiltration of murine endothelial cells in vivo and reduced hyperglycemia in STZ-treated mice following intrapancreatic injection. Overall, this study provides foundational knowledge to develop Panc-MSCs as a unique MSC subtype with functional properties beneficial in regenerative medicine for diabetes and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler T Cooper
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen E Sherman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian I Bell
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Ma
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miljan Kuljanin
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shauna E Jose
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilles A Lajoie
- Department of Biochemistry, Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Terenzi DC, Verma S, Trac JZ, Quan A, Mason T, Al-Omran M, Dhingra N, Leiter LA, Zinman B, Yan AT, Connelly KA, Teoh H, Mazer CD, Hess DA. P317A novel role of SGLT2 inhibitors to increase circulating proangiogenic progenitor cells in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: A sub-study of the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 Trial. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been demonstrated to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the mechanism(s) of the underlying benefit remain unclear. Since regenerative cell exhaustion resulting in impaired vascular homeostasis has been proposed as a key driver of CV events in T2D, we hypothesised that modulation of circulating vascular regenerative cell content by SGLT2i may be a novel basis of cardioprotection.
Purpose
To evaluate the effects of the SGLT2i, empagliflozin (EMPA), vs placebo on circulating vascular regenerative and pro-inflammatory cells in patients with T2D and CVD.
Methods
This was a biomarker sub-study of the EMPA-HEART Cardiolink-6 randomised trial of EMPA (10mg QD) vs placebo in patients with T2D and a history of coronary artery disease (prior myocardial infarction and/or coronary revascularisation). Blood samples (baseline N=48; study end N=26) underwent multiparametric progenitor cell analyses by flow cytometry. Circulating cells were assessed for aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, a self-protective enzyme highly expressed in several proangiogenic progenitor cell lineages, as well as cell surface co-expression of the primitive progenitor (CD34, CD133) or M1/M2 macrophage (CD80, CD163) markers.
Results
Individuals with increased inflammatory burden (ALDHhi granulocytes above the baseline median) were older (61±2 vs 67±2 years), more likely to be current or past smokers (21% vs 42%) and had reduced LV function, assessed by echocardiography. The placebo- and EMPA-assigned groups were equivalent at baseline with respect to the frequency and distribution of proangiogenic progenitor cells (ALDHhiSSClo), monocyte/macrophage (ALDHhiSSCmid) and inflammatory granulocyte (ALDHhiSSChi) precursors. Following 6-months of treatment with EMPA, there was a marked increase in the number of circulating primitive ALDHhiSSClo cells with CD133 (Placebo: −2.8±3.8%, EMPA: +8.6±2.5%, P<0.02) or CD133/CD34 (Placebo: 0.4±4.5%, EMPA: +13.3±3.8%, P<0.05) co-expression. Furthermore, EMPA treatment was associated with an increase in the frequency of circulating anti-inflammatory cells with M2 macrophage polarisation marked by CD163 (Placebo: −0.7±0.8%, EMPA = +3.9±1.3%, P<0.01) expression. Non-significant increases in circulating proangiogenic monocytes, and decreases in the frequency of circulating inflammatory granulocytes were also observed after EMPA treatment (vs placebo).
Conclusion
We provide the first evidence showing that SGLT2i treatment with EMPA alters the balance of key circulating vascular progenitor and inflammatory cells in patients with T2D and CVD. We suggest that SGLT2i may afford cardioprotection through a novel and previously unrecognised capacity to limit regenerative cell exhaustion in T2D.
Acknowledgement/Funding
This trial was supported by an unrestricted investigator-initiated study grant from Boehringer Ingelheim.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Terenzi
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Verma
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Z Trac
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Quan
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery, Toronto, Canada
| | - T Mason
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Al-Omran
- St. Michael's Hospital, Vascular Surgery, Toronto, Canada
| | - N Dhingra
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery, Toronto, Canada
| | - L A Leiter
- St. Michael's Hospital, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Toronto, Canada
| | - B Zinman
- Mount Sinai Hospital of the University Health Network, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Toronto, Canada
| | - A T Yan
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiology, Toronto, Canada
| | - K A Connelly
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiology, Toronto, Canada
| | - H Teoh
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery, Toronto, Canada
| | - C D Mazer
- St. Michael's Hospital, Anesthesia, Toronto, Canada
| | - D A Hess
- University of Western Ontario, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, Canada
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30
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Hess DA, Terenzi DC, Trac JZ, Quan A, Mason T, Al-Omran M, Bhatt DL, Dhingra N, Rotstein OD, Leiter LA, Zinman B, Sabongui S, Yan AT, Teoh H, Mazer CD, Connelly KA, Verma S. SGLT2 Inhibition with Empagliflozin Increases Circulating Provascular Progenitor Cells in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cell Metab 2019; 30:609-613. [PMID: 31477497 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hess et al. quantified circulating aldehyde dehydrogenase-expressing (ALDHhi) cell subsets in people with T2DM given either empagliflozin (EMPA) or placebo. EMPA treatment increased circulating pro-angiogenic CD133+ progenitor cells, decreased pro-inflammatory ALDHhi granulocyte precursors, and increased ALDHhi monocytes with M2 polarization. EMPA treatment improved T2DM-associated "regenerative cell depletion" contributing to enhanced vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hess
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Daniella C Terenzi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Z Trac
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tamique Mason
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natasha Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Division of General Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Sabongui
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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31
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Terenzi DC, Trac JZ, Teoh H, Gerstein HC, Bhatt DL, Al-Omran M, Verma S, Hess DA. Vascular Regenerative Cell Exhaustion in Diabetes: Translational Opportunities to Mitigate Cardiometabolic Risk. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:640-655. [PMID: 31053416 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiovascular complications remain a major cause of mortality in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Individuals with T2D may have a reduced ability to revascularize ischemic tissues due to abnormal production of circulating provascular progenitor cells. This 'regenerative cell exhaustion' process is intensified by increasing oxidative stress and inflammation and during T2D progression. Chronic exhaustion may be mediated by changes in the bone marrow microenvironment that dysregulate the wingless related integration site network, a central pathway maintaining the progenitor cell pool. Restoration of vascular regenerative cell production by reducing glucotoxicity with contemporary antihyperglycemic agents, by reducing systemic inflammation postbariatric surgery, or by modulating progenitor cell provascular functions using exosomal manipulation, may provide unique approaches for mitigating ischemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella C Terenzi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Justin Z Trac
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital Medical Centre, Toronto, ON, M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1W8, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada; Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1W8, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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32
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Cooper TT, Hess DA, Verma S. Vascular Organoids: Are We Entering a New Area of Cardiometabolic Research? Cell Metab 2019; 29:792-794. [PMID: 30943391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently in Nature, Wimmer et al. (2019) reported on the development of a human organoid model of vascular development recapitulating vascular pathology during type 2 diabetes. Integration of these organoids into the vasculature of immunodeficient mice may provide cardiometabolic researchers with a "personalized" platform for novel therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler T Cooper
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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33
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Kuljanin M, Elgamal RM, Bell GI, Xenocostas A, Lajoie GA, Hess DA. Human Multipotent Stromal Cell Secreted Effectors Accelerate Islet Regeneration. Stem Cells 2019; 37:516-528. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miljan Kuljanin
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories; Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Ruth M. Elgamal
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories; Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - Gillian I. Bell
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories; Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Anargyros Xenocostas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Haematology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - Gilles A. Lajoie
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - David A. Hess
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories; Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
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Abstract
The clinical use of doxorubicin in cancer is limited by cardiotoxic effects that can lead to heart failure. Whereas earlier work focused on the direct impact of doxorubicin on cardiomyocytes, recent studies have turned to the endothelium, because doxorubicin-damaged endothelial cells can trigger the development and progression of cardiomyopathy by decreasing the release and activity of key endothelial factors and inducing endothelial cell death. Thus, the endothelium represents a novel target for improving the detection, management, and prevention of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Key Words
- AKT, protein kinase B
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma-2
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
- ET, endothelin
- LV, left ventricular
- MRP, multidrug resistance protein
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- NRG-1, neuregulin-1
- PGI2, prostaglandin I2
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- ZO, zona occludens
- cardiomyopathy
- doxorubicin
- endothelium
- heart failure
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Z Luu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Biswajit Chowdhury
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Dhillon J, Young SA, Sherman SE, Bell GI, Amsden BG, Hess DA, Flynn LE. Peptide-modified methacrylated glycol chitosan hydrogels as a cell-viability supporting pro-angiogenic cell delivery platform for human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:571-585. [PMID: 30390406 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies involving the injection of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) within rationally designed biomaterials are a promising approach for stimulating angiogenesis. With this focus, the current work explored the effects of incorporating integrin-binding RGD or IKVAV peptides within in situ-gelling N-methacrylate glycol chitosan (MGC) hydrogels on the response of encapsulated human ASCs. Initial studies focused on hydrogel characterization to validate that the MGC, MGC-RGD, and MGC-IKVAV hydrogels had similar biomechanical properties. ASC viability following encapsulation and culture under 2% O2 was significantly impaired in the MGC-IKVAV group relative to the MGC and MGC-RGD groups. In contrast, sustained viability, along with enhanced cell spreading and metabolic activity were observed in the MGC-RGD group. Investigation of angiogenic transcription suggested that the incorporation of the peptide groups did not substantially alter the pro-angiogenic gene expression profile of the encapsulated ASCs after 7 days of culture under 2% O2. Consistent with the in vitro findings, preliminary in vivo characterization following subcutaneous implantation into NOD/SCID mice showed that ASC retention was enhanced in the MGC-RGD hydrogels relative to the MGC-IKVAV group at 14 days. Further, the encapsulated ASCs in the MGC and MGC-RGD groups promoted murine CD31+ endothelial cell recruitment to the peri-implant region. Overall, the results indicate that the MGC-RGD and MGC hydrogels are promising platforms for ASC delivery, and suggest that strategies that support long-term ASC viability can augment in vivo angiogenesis through paracrine mechanisms. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 571-585, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobanpreet Dhillon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Stuart A Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.,Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Stephen E Sherman
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian I Bell
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian G Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.,Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren E Flynn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
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Cooper TT, Bell GI, Hess DA. Inhibition of Retinoic Acid Production Expands a Megakaryocyte-Enriched Subpopulation with Islet Regenerative Function. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1449-1461. [PMID: 30039749 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet regeneration is stimulated after transplantation of human umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoietic progenitor cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-activity into NOD/SCID mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced β cell ablation. ALDHhi progenitor cells represent a rare subset within UCB that will require expansion without the loss of islet regenerative functions for use in cell therapies. ALDHhi cells efficiently expand (>70-fold) under serum-free conditions; however, high ALDH-activity is rapidly diminished during culture coinciding with emergence of a committed megakaryocyte phenotype CD41+/CD42+/CD38+. ALDH-activity is also the rate-limiting step in retinoic acid (RA) production, a potent driver of hematopoietic differentiation. We have previously shown that inhibition of RA production during 9-day cultures, using diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) treatment, enhanced the expansion of ALDHhi cells (>20-fold) with vascular regenerative paracrine functions. Herein, we sought to determine if DEAB-treatment also expanded ALDHhi cells that retain islet regenerative function following intrapancreatic transplantation into hyperglycemic mice. After DEAB-treatment, expanded ALDHhi cell subset was enriched for CD34+/CD38- expression and demonstrated enhanced myeloid multipotency in vitro compared to the ALDHlo cell subset. Unfortunately, DEAB-treated ALDHhi cells did not support islet regeneration after transplantation. Conversely, expanded ALDHlo cells from DEAB-treated conditions reduced hyperglycemia, and increased islet number and cell proliferation in STZ-induced hyperglycemic NOD/SCID mice. DEAB-treated ALDHlo cells were largely committed to a CD41+/CD42+ megakaryocyte phenotype. Collectively, this study provides preliminary evidence that committed cells of the megakaryocyte-lineage support endogenous islet regeneration and/or function, and the retention of high ALDH-activity did not coincide with islet regenerative function after expansion under serum-free culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Thomas Cooper
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University , London, Canada .,2 Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute , London, Canada
| | - Gillian I Bell
- 2 Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute , London, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University , London, Canada .,2 Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute , London, Canada
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Noonan MM, Dragan M, Mehta MM, Hess DA, Brackstone M, Tuck AB, Viswakarma N, Rana A, Babwah AV, Wondisford FE, Bhattacharya M. The matrix protein Fibulin-3 promotes KISS1R induced triple negative breast cancer cell invasion. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30034-30052. [PMID: 30046386 PMCID: PMC6059025 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality. In particular, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprise a heterogeneous group of basal-like tumors lacking estrogen receptor (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 (ErbB2). TNBC represents 15-20% of all breast cancers and occurs frequently in women under 50 years of age. Unfortunately, these patients lack targeted therapy, are typically high grade and metastatic at time of diagnosis. The mechanisms regulating metastasis remain poorly understood. We have previously shown that the kisspeptin receptor, KISS1R stimulates invasiveness of TNBC cells. In this report, we demonstrate that KISS1R signals via the secreted extracellular matrix protein, fibulin-3, to regulate TNBC invasion. We found that the fibulin-3 gene is amplified in TNBC primary tumors and that plasma fibulin-3 levels are elevated in TNBC patients compared to healthy subjects. In this study, we show that KISS1R activation increases fibulin-3 expression and secretion. We show that fibulin-3 regulates TNBC metastasis in a mouse experimental metastasis xenograft model and signals downstream of KISS1R to stimulate TNBC invasion, by activating matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and the MAPK pathway. These results identify fibulin-3 as a new downstream mediator of KISS1R signaling and as a potential biomarker for TNBC progression and metastasis, thus revealing KISS1R and fibulin-3 as novel drug targets in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Noonan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Magdalena Dragan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael M Mehta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Muriel Brackstone
- Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alan B Tuck
- Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,The Pamela Greenaway-Kohlmeier Translational Breast Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andy V Babwah
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Institute of NJ, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Frederic E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Child Health Institute of NJ, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Moshmi Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Child Health Institute of NJ, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Luu VZ, Chowdhury B, Al-Omran M, Hess DA, Verma S. Role of endothelial primary cilia as fluid mechanosensors on vascular health. Atherosclerosis 2018; 275:196-204. [PMID: 29945035 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that protrude from the cell surface of many mammalian cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells, osteoblasts, and neurons. These antennal-like projections enable cells to detect extracellular stimuli and elicit responses via intracellular signaling mechanisms. Primary cilia on endothelial cells lining blood vessels function as calcium-dependent mechanosensors that sense blood flow. In doing so, they facilitate the regulation of hemodynamic parameters within the vascular system. Defects in endothelial primary cilia result in inappropriate blood flow-induced responses and contribute to the development of vascular dysfunctions, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and aneurysms. This review examines the current understanding of vascular endothelial cilia structure and function and their role in the vascular system. Future directions for primary cilia research and treatments for ciliary-based pathologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Z Luu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Biswajit Chowdhury
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David A Hess
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Elgamal RM, Bell GI, Krause SCT, Hess DA. BMS 493 Modulates Retinoic Acid-Induced Differentiation During Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells for Islet Regeneration. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1062-1075. [PMID: 29737242 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapies are emerging as a novel treatment strategy for diabetes. Thus, the induction of endogenous islet regeneration in situ represents a feasible goal for diabetes therapy. Umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), isolated by high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDHhi), have previously been shown to reduce hyperglycemia after intrapancreatic (iPan) transplantation into streptozotocin (STZ)-treated nonobese diabetic (NOD)/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. However, these cells are rare and require ex vivo expansion to reach clinically applicable numbers for human therapy. Therefore, we investigated whether BMS 493, an inverse retinoic acid receptor agonist, could prevent retinoic acid-induced differentiation and preserve islet regenerative functions during expansion. After 6-day expansion, BMS 493-treated cells showed a twofold increase in the number of ALDHhi cells available for transplantation compared with untreated controls. Newly expanded ALDHhi cells showed increased numbers of CD34 and CD133-positive cells, as well as a reduction in CD38 expression, a marker of hematopoietic cell differentiation. BMS 493-treated cells showed similar hematopoietic colony-forming capacity compared with untreated cells, with ALDHhi subpopulations producing more colonies than low aldehyde dehydrogenase activity subpopulations for expanded cells. To determine if the secreted proteins of these cells could augment the survival and/or proliferation of β-cells in vitro, conditioned media (CM) from cells expanded with or without BMS 493 was added to human islet cultures. The total number of proliferating β-cells was increased after 3- or 7-day culture with CM generated from BMS 493-treated cells. In contrast to freshly isolated ALDHhi cells, 6-day expansion with or without BMS 493 generated progeny that were unable to reduce hyperglycemia after iPan transplantation into STZ-treated NOD/SCID mice. Further strategies to reduce retinoic acid differentiation during HPC expansion is required to expand ALDHhi cells without the loss of islet regenerative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Elgamal
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - Gillian I Bell
- 2 Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - Sarah C T Krause
- 2 Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada .,2 Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
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Sherman SE, Bell GI, Teoh H, Al-Omran M, Connelly KA, Bhatt DL, Hess DA, Verma S. Canagliflozin Improves the Recovery of Blood Flow in an Experimental Model of Severe Limb Ischemia. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:327-329. [PMID: 30062217 PMCID: PMC6059819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bell GI, Seneviratne AK, Nasri GN, Hess DA. Transplantation Models to Characterize the Mechanisms of Stem Cell–Induced Islet Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 26:2B.4.1-2B.4.35. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470151808.sc02b04s26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian I. Bell
- Vascular Biology Research Group Robarts Research Institute Department of Physiology and Pharmacology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Ayesh K. Seneviratne
- Vascular Biology Research Group Robarts Research Institute Department of Physiology and Pharmacology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Grace N. Nasri
- Bachelors in Medical Sciences Program The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - David A. Hess
- Vascular Biology Research Group Robarts Research Institute Department of Physiology and Pharmacology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
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Cooper TT, Sherman SE, Kuljanin M, Bell GI, Lajoie GA, Hess DA. Inhibition of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-Activity Expands Multipotent Myeloid Progenitor Cells with Vascular Regenerative Function. Stem Cells 2018; 36:723-736. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler T. Cooper
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University; London Ontario Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Stephen E. Sherman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University; London Ontario Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Miljan Kuljanin
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - Gillian I. Bell
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Gilles A. Lajoie
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - David A. Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University; London Ontario Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
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Young SA, Sherman SE, Cooper TT, Brown C, Anjum F, Hess DA, Flynn LE, Amsden BG. Mechanically resilient injectable scaffolds for intramuscular stem cell delivery and cytokine release. Biomaterials 2018; 159:146-160. [PMID: 29324306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A promising strategy for treating peripheral ischemia involves the delivery of stem cells to promote angiogenesis through paracrine signaling. Treatment success depends on cell localization, retention, and survival within the mechanically dynamic intramuscular (IM) environment. Herein we describe an injectable, in situ-gelling hydrogel for the IM delivery of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs), specifically designed to withstand the dynamic loading conditions of the lower limb and facilitate cytokine release from encapsulated cells. Copolymers of poly(trimethylene carbonate)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate) diacrylate were used to modulate the properties of methacrylated glycol chitosan hydrogels crosslinked by thermally-initiated polymerization using ammonium persulfate and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine. The scaffolds had an ultimate compressive strain over 75% and maintained mechanical properties during compressive fatigue testing at physiological levels. Rapid crosslinking (<3 min) was achieved at low initiator concentration (5 mM). Following injection and crosslinking within the scaffolds, human ASCs demonstrated high viability (>90%) over two weeks in culture under both normoxia and hypoxia. Release of angiogenic and chemotactic cytokines was enhanced from encapsulated cells under sustained hypoxia, in comparison to normoxic and tissue culture polystyrene controls. When delivered by IM injection in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia, human ASCs were well retained in the scaffold over 28 days and significantly increased the IM vascular density compared to untreated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Stephen E Sherman
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler T Cooper
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cody Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Fraz Anjum
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren E Flynn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Brian G Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Qadura M, Terenzi DC, Verma S, Al-Omran M, Hess DA. Concise Review: Cell Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia: An Integrated Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Stem Cells 2018; 36:161-171. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Qadura
- Division of Vascular Surgery; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Daniella C. Terenzi
- Division of Vascular Surgery; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Department of Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - David A. Hess
- Division of Vascular Surgery; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology; Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
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Kuljanin M, Bell GI, Sherman SE, Lajoie GA, Hess DA. Proteomic characterisation reveals active Wnt-signalling by human multipotent stromal cells as a key regulator of beta cell survival and proliferation. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1987-1998. [PMID: 28710530 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Novel strategies to stimulate the expansion of beta cell mass in situ are warranted for diabetes therapy. The aim of this study was to elucidate the secretome of human bone marrow (BM)-derived multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) with documented islet regenerative paracrine function. We hypothesised that regenerative MSCs will secrete a unique combination of protein factors that augment islet regeneration. METHODS Human BM-derived MSCs were examined for glucose-lowering capacity after transplantation into streptozotocin-treated NOD/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice and segregated into samples with regenerative (MSCR) vs nonregenerative (MSCNR) capacity. Secreted proteins associated with islet regenerative function were identified using stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics. To functionally validate the importance of active Wnt signalling, we stimulated the Wnt-signalling pathway in MSCNR samples during ex vivo expansion using glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibition (CHIR99201), and the conditioned culture media (CM) generated was tested for the capacity to support cultured human islet cell survival and proliferation in vitro. RESULTS MSCR showed increased secretion of proteins associated with cell growth, matrix remodelling, immunosuppressive and proangiogenic properties. In contrast, MSCNR uniquely secreted proteins known to promote inflammation and negatively regulate angiogenesis. Most notably, MSCR maintained Wnt signalling via Wnt5A/B (~2.5-fold increase) autocrine activity during ex vivo culture, while MSCNR repressed Wnt signalling via Dickkopf-related protein (DKK)1 (~2.5-fold increase) and DKK3 secretion. Inhibition of GSK3 activity in MSCNR samples increased the accumulation of nuclear β-catenin and generated CM that augmented beta cell survival (13% increases) and proliferation when exposed to cultured human islets. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Maintenance of active Wnt signalling within human MSCs promotes the secretion of matricellular and proangiogenic proteins that formulate a niche for islet regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljan Kuljanin
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N5A 6C1, Canada
| | - Gillian I Bell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen E Sherman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Drive, London, ON, N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Gilles A Lajoie
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N5A 6C1, Canada.
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Drive, London, ON, N6A 5K8, Canada.
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Rota SG, Roma A, Dude I, Ma C, Stevens R, MacEachern J, Graczyk J, Espiritu SMG, Rao PN, Minden MD, Kreinin E, Hess DA, Doxey AC, Spagnuolo PA. Estrogen Receptor β Is a Novel Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2618-2626. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used as immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory agents in organ transplantation and in treating autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders. GCs were shown to exert their antiproliferative effects directly through blockade of certain elements of an early membrane-associated signal transduction pathway, modulation of the expression of select adhesion molecules, and by suppression of cytokine synthesis and action. GCs may act indirectly by inducing lipocortin synthesis, which in turn, inhibits arachidonic acid release from membrane-bound stores, and also by inducing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression that subsequently blocks cytokine synthesis and T cell activation. Furthermore, by preferentially inhibiting the production of Th1 cytokines, GCs may enhance Th2 cell activity and, hence, precipitate a long-lasting state of tolerance through a preferential promotion of a Th2 cytokine-secreting profile. In exerting their antiproliferative effects, GCs influence both transcriptional and posttranscriptional events by binding their cytosolic receptor (GR), which subsequently binds the promoter region of cytokine genes on select DNA sites compatible with the GCs responsible elements (GRE) motif. In addition to direct DNA binding, GCs may also directly bind to, and hence antagonize, nuclear factors required for efficient gene expression, thereby markedly reducing transcriptional rate. The pleiotrophy of the GCs action, coupled with the diverse experimental conditions employed in assessing the GCs effects, indicate that GCs may utilize more than one mechanism in inhibiting T cell activation, and warrant careful scrutiny in assigning a mechanism by which GCs exert their antiproliferative effects. © 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Almawi
- Medical Sciences Unit, Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research, Beirut
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Putman DM, Cooper TT, Sherman SE, Seneviratne AK, Hewitt M, Bell GI, Hess DA. Expansion of Umbilical Cord Blood Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Expressing Cells Generates Myeloid Progenitor Cells that Stimulate Limb Revascularization. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1607-1619. [PMID: 28618138 PMCID: PMC5689765 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncompromised by chronic disease‐related comorbidities, human umbilical cord blood (UCB) progenitor cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDHhi cells) stimulate blood vessel regeneration after intra‐muscular transplantation. However, implementation of cellular therapies using UCB ALDHhi cells for critical limb ischemia, the most severe form of severe peripheral artery disease, is limited by the rarity (<0.5%) of these cells. Our goal was to generate a clinically‐translatable, allogeneic cell population for vessel regenerative therapies, via ex vivo expansion of UCB ALDHhi cells without loss of pro‐angiogenic potency. Purified UCB ALDHhi cells were expanded >18‐fold over 6‐days under serum‐free conditions. Consistent with the concept that ALDH‐activity is decreased as progenitor cells differentiate, only 15.1% ± 1.3% of progeny maintained high ALDH‐activity after culture. However, compared to fresh UCB cells, expansion increased the total number of ALDHhi cells (2.7‐fold), CD34+/CD133+ cells (2.8‐fold), and hematopoietic colony forming cells (7.7‐fold). Remarkably, injection of expanded progeny accelerated recovery of perfusion and improved limb usage in immunodeficient mice with femoral artery ligation‐induced limb ischemia. At 7 or 28 days post‐transplantation, mice transplanted with expanded ALDHhi cells showed augmented endothelial cell proliferation and increased capillary density compared to controls. Expanded cells maintained pro‐angiogenic mRNA expression and secreted angiogenesis‐associated growth factors, chemokines, and matrix modifying proteins. Coculture with expanded cells augmented human microvascular endothelial cell survival and tubule formation under serum‐starved, growth factor‐reduced conditions. Expanded UCB‐derived ALDHhi cells represent an alternative to autologous bone marrow as an accessible source of pro‐angiogenic hematopoietic progenitor cells for the refinement of vascular regeneration‐inductive therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1607–1619
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Putman
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler T Cooper
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen E Sherman
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ayesh K Seneviratne
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Hewitt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian I Bell
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Sherman SE, Kuljanin M, Cooper TT, Putman DM, Lajoie GA, Hess DA. High Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity Identifies a Subset of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Vascular Regenerative Potential. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1542-1553. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Sherman
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - Miljan Kuljanin
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - Tyler T. Cooper
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - David M. Putman
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - Gilles A. Lajoie
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - David A. Hess
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
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Szabo PA, Goswami A, Mazzuca DM, Kim K, O'Gorman DB, Hess DA, Welch ID, Young HA, Singh B, McCormick JK, Haeryfar SMM. Rapid and Rigorous IL-17A Production by a Distinct Subpopulation of Effector Memory T Lymphocytes Constitutes a Novel Mechanism of Toxic Shock Syndrome Immunopathology. J Immunol 2017; 198:2805-2818. [PMID: 28219889 PMCID: PMC6635948 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is caused by staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigens (SAgs) that provoke a swift hyperinflammatory response typified by a cytokine storm. The precipitous decline in the host's clinical status and the lack of targeted therapies for TSS emphasize the need to identify key players of the storm's initial wave. Using a humanized mouse model of TSS and human cells, we herein demonstrate that SAgs elicit in vitro and in vivo IL-17A responses within hours. SAg-triggered human IL-17A production was characterized by remarkably high mRNA stability for this cytokine. A distinct subpopulation of CD4+ effector memory T (TEM) cells that secrete IL-17A, but not IFN-γ, was responsible for early IL-17A production. We found mouse "TEM-17" cells to be enriched within the intestinal epithelium and among lamina propria lymphocytes. Furthermore, interfering with IL-17A receptor signaling in human PBMCs attenuated the expression of numerous inflammatory mediators implicated in the TSS-associated cytokine storm. IL-17A receptor blockade also abrogated the secondary effect of SAg-stimulated PBMCs on human dermal fibroblasts as judged by C/EBP δ expression. Finally, the early IL-17A response to SAgs was pathogenic because in vivo neutralization of IL-17A in humanized mice ameliorated hepatic and intestinal damage and reduced mortality. Together, our findings identify CD4+ TEM cells as a key effector of TSS and reveal a novel role for IL-17A in TSS immunopathogenesis. Our work thus elucidates a pathogenic, as opposed to protective, role for IL-17A during Gram-positive bacterial infections. Accordingly, the IL-17-IL-17R axis may provide an attractive target for the management of SAg-mediated illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Szabo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ankur Goswami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Delfina M Mazzuca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Kyoungok Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - David B O'Gorman
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Roth | McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6C 2R5, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ian D Welch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Howard A Young
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Bhagirath Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6C 2R5, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; and
| | - John K McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6C 2R5, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; and
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada;
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6C 2R5, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; and
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada
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