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Denson LA, Jurickova I, Karns R, Shaw KA, Cutler DJ, Okou D, Valencia CA, Dodd A, Mondal K, Aronow BJ, Haberman Y, Linn A, Price A, Bezold R, Lake K, Jackson K, Walters TD, Griffiths A, Baldassano RN, Noe JD, Hyams JS, Crandall WV, Kirschner BS, Heyman MB, Snapper S, Guthery SL, Dubinsky MC, Leleiko NS, Otley AR, Xavier RJ, Stevens C, Daly MJ, Zwick ME, Kugathasan S. Genetic and Transcriptomic Variation Linked to Neutrophil Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Signaling in Pediatric Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:547-560. [PMID: 30124884 PMCID: PMC6391846 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor auto-antibodies (GMAbs) suppress neutrophil-extrinsic GM-CSF signaling and increase risk for stricturing behavior in Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to define clinical, genomic, and functional associations with neutrophil-intrinsic GM-CSF signaling. METHODS Missense mutations in CSF2RA, CSF2RB, JAK2, STAT5A, and STAT5B were identified using whole-exome sequencing in 543 pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Neutrophil-intrinsic GM-CSF signaling was defined using the GM-CSF-induced STAT5 stimulation index (GMSI) in 180 pediatric IBD patients and 26 non-IBD controls. Reduced GM-CSF signaling (GMSI-Lo) was defined as the 20th percentile within the control group. Variation in neutrophil phospho-protein abundance, bacterial killing, and the global pattern of gene expression with the GMSI was determined. RESULTS We validated 18 potentially damaging missense mutations in CSF2RA and CSF2RB. CSF2RA A17G carriage increased from 10% in those with intact neutrophil GMSI to 32% in those with low GMSI (P = 0.02). The frequency of reduced Staphylococcus aureus killing increased from 17% in those with intact neutrophil GMSI to 35% in GMSI-Lo neutrophils (P = 0.043). Crohn's disease neutrophils with low GMSI exhibited specific alterations in phospho-protein networks and genes regulating cytokine production, wound healing, and cell survival and proliferation. Stricturing behavior increased from 7% in patients with both low GMAb and intact GMSI to 64% in patients with both elevated GMAb and low GMSI (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Low/normal neutrophil-intrinsic GM-CSF signaling is associated with CSF2RA missense mutations, alterations in gene expression networks, and higher rates of disease complications in pediatric CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Address correspondence to: Lee A. Denson, MD, MLC 2010, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH ()
| | - Ingrid Jurickova
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kelly A Shaw
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David J Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David Okou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Alexander Valencia
- Program and Division of Human Genetics, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Anne Dodd
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kajari Mondal
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yael Haberman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Aaron Linn
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Adam Price
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ramona Bezold
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kathleen Lake
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kimberly Jackson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Thomas D Walters
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne Griffiths
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert N Baldassano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua D Noe
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jeffrey S Hyams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Wallace V Crandall
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Melvin B Heyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Scott Snapper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Marla C Dubinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Neal S Leleiko
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Anthony R Otley
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mark J Daly
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael E Zwick
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Denson LA, Jurickova I, Karns R, Shaw KA, Cutler DJ, Okou D, Dodd A, Quinn K, Mondal K, Aronow BJ, Haberman Y, Linn A, Price A, Bezold R, Lake K, Jackson K, Walters TD, Griffiths A, Baldassano RN, Noe JD, Hyams JS, Crandall WV, Kirschner BS, Heyman MB, Snapper S, Guthery SL, Dubinsky MC, Leleiko NS, Otley AR, Xavier RJ, Stevens C, Daly MJ, Zwick ME, Kugathasan S. Clinical and Genomic Correlates of Neutrophil Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Pediatric Patients With Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:2097-2110. [PMID: 29454792 PMCID: PMC5985211 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Individuals with monogenic disorders of phagocyte function develop chronic colitis that resembles Crohn's disease (CD). We tested for associations between mutations in genes encoding reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, neutrophil function, and phenotypes of CD in pediatric patients. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequence analysis to identify mutations in genes encoding NADPH oxidases (such as CYBA, CYBB, NCF1, NCF2, NCF4, RAC1, and RAC2) using DNA from 543 pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Blood samples were collected from an additional 129 pediatric patients with CD and 26 children without IBD (controls); we performed assays for neutrophil activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and bacteria uptake and killing. Whole-exome sequence analysis was performed using DNA from 46 of the children with CD to examine associations with NADPH gene mutations; RNA sequence analyses were performed using blood cells from 46 children with CD to test for variations in neutrophil gene expression associated with ROS production. RESULTS We identified 26 missense mutations in CYBA, CYBB, NCF1, NCF2, and NCF4. Patients with CD who carried mutations in these genes were 3-fold more likely to have perianal disease (P = .0008) and stricturing complications (P = .002) than children with CD without these mutations. Among patients with CD with none of these mutations, 9% had undergone abdominal surgery; among patients with mutations in these NADPH oxidase genes, 31% had undergone abdominal surgery (P = .0004). A higher proportion of neutrophils from children with CD had low ROS production (47%) than from controls (15%) among the 129 patients tested for ROS (P = .002). Minor alleles of the NADPH genes were detected in 7% of children with CD whose neutrophils produced normal levels of ROS vs 38% of children whose neutrophils produced low levels of ROS (P = .009). Neutrophils that produced low levels of ROS had specific alterations in genes that regulate glucose metabolism and antimicrobial responses. CONCLUSIONS We identified missense mutations in genes that encode NADPH oxidases in children with CD; these were associated with a more aggressive disease course and reduced ROS production by neutrophils from the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A. Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA,to whom correspondence should be addressed: MLC 2010, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, Tel: 513-636-7575, Fax: 513-636-5581,
| | - Ingrid Jurickova
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelly A. Shaw
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David J. Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Okou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Dodd
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathryn Quinn
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kajari Mondal
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bruce J. Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yael Haberman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aaron Linn
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam Price
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ramona Bezold
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen Lake
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Jackson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas D. Walters
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne Griffiths
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert N. Baldassano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Noe
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Hyams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Wallace V. Crandall
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Melvin B. Heyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Snapper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Neal S. Leleiko
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anthony R. Otley
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | - Mark J. Daly
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael E. Zwick
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Shaw KA, Cutler DJ, Okou D, Dodd A, Aronow BJ, Haberman Y, Stevens C, Walters TD, Griffiths A, Baldassano RN, Noe JD, Hyams JS, Crandall WV, Kirschner BS, Heyman MB, Snapper S, Guthery S, Dubinsky MC, Shapiro JM, Otley AR, Daly M, Denson LA, Kugathasan S, Zwick ME. Genetic variants and pathways implicated in a pediatric inflammatory bowel disease cohort. Genes Immun 2018; 20:131-142. [PMID: 29593342 PMCID: PMC6162182 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-018-0015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, approximately 5% of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are younger than 20 years old. Studies of pediatric cohorts can provide unique insights into genetic architecture of IBD, which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Large genome-wide association studies have found more than 200 IBD-associated loci but explain a minority of disease variance for CD and UC. We sought to characterize the contribution of rare variants to disease development, comparing exome sequencing of 368 pediatric IBD patients to publicly available exome sequencing (dbGaP) and aggregate frequency data (ExAC). Using dbGaP data, we performed logistic regression for common variants and optimal unified association tests (SKAT-O) for rare, likely-deleterious variants. We further compared rare variants to ExAC counts with Fisher's exact tests. We did pathway enrichment analysis on the most significant genes from each comparison. Many variants overlapped with known IBD-associated genes (e.g. NOD2). Rare variants were enriched in CD-associated loci (p = 0.009) and showed suggestive enrichment in neutrophil function genes (p = 0.05). Pathway enrichment implicated immune-related pathways, especially cell killing and apoptosis. Variants in extracellular matrix genes also emerged as an important theme in our analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Shaw
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David J Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Okou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Dodd
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yael Haberman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Thomas D Walters
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Griffiths
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert N Baldassano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D Noe
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Hyams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Wallace V Crandall
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Barbara S Kirschner
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melvin B Heyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Snapper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Guthery
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marla C Dubinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason M Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anthony R Otley
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mark Daly
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Michael E Zwick
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Bertha M, Vasantharoopan A, Kumar A, Bruce BB, Prince J, Hofmekler T, Okou D, Chopra P, Wang G, Sauer C, Landers CJ, Hussain SZ, Cross RK, Baldassano RN, Kappelman MD, Katz J, Alexander JS, Kirschner BS, Moulton DE, Osuntokun BO, Patel A, Saeed S, Klapproth JMA, Dhere TA, Dubinsky MC, McGovern D, Kugathasan S. IBD Serology and Disease Outcomes in African Americans With Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:209-216. [PMID: 29272484 PMCID: PMC6033326 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Recent studies have identified the role of serologic markers in characterizing disease phenotype, location, complications, and severity among Northern Europeans (NE) with Crohn's disease (CD). However, very little is known about the role of serology in CD among African Americans (AA). Our study explored the relationship between serology and disease phenotype in AA with CD, while controlling for genetic ancestry. METHODS AAs with CD were enrolled as participants through multicenter collaborative efforts. Serological levels of IgA anti-Saccharomyces cervisiae antibody (ASCA), IgG ASCA, E. coli outermembrane porin C, anti-CBir1, and ANCA were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Genotyping was performed using Illumina immunochip technology; an admixture rate was calculated for each subject. Multiple imputation by chained equations was performed to account for data missing at random. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratio (OR) for associations between serological markers and both complicated disease and disease requiring surgery. RESULTS A total of 358 patients were included in the analysis. The majority of our patients had inflammatory, noncomplicated disease (58.4%), perianal disease (55.7%), and documented colonic inflammation (86.8%). On multivariable analysis, both IgG ASCA and OmpC were associated with complicated disease (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.67-4.28; OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.41-3.53, respectively) and disease requiring surgery (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.49-4.22; OR, 3.57; 95% CI, 2.12-6.00). NE admixture to the African genome did not have any associations or interactions in relation to clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our study comprises the largest cohort of AAs with CD. The utility of serological markers for the prognosis of CD in NE applies equally to AA populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Bertha
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Arthi Vasantharoopan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Archana Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Beau B Bruce
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jarod Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tatyana Hofmekler
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David Okou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Pankaj Chopra
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gabriel Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cary Sauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carol J Landers
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angelas, California
| | - Sunny Z Hussain
- Department of Pediatrics, Willis-Knighton Physician Network, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Raymond K Cross
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert N Baldassano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael D Kappelman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey Katz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Barbara S Kirschner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dedrick E Moulton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt Children’s Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shehzad Saeed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Tanvi A Dhere
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marla C Dubinsky
- Departments of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Dermot McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angelas, California
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia,Address correspondence to: Subra Kugathasan, MD, Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, 2015, Uppergate Drive, Room 248, Atlanta, GA 30322 ()
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5
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Adeyanju O, Okou D, Huang C, Kumar A, Sauer C, Galloway C, Prasad M, Waters J, Cutler D, Zwick M, Dhere T, Kugathasan S. Common NOD2 risk variants in African Americans with Crohn's disease are due exclusively to recent Caucasian admixture. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:2357-9. [PMID: 22447396 PMCID: PMC3392535 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.22944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) is highly heritable. NOD2 has emerged as the main susceptibility gene among individuals of European ancestry; however, NOD2 does not appear to contribute to CD susceptibility among many non-European populations. Today's African American (AA) population represents an admixture of West African (80%) and European (20%) ancestry. Since genotype-based tools are becoming increasingly available for CD, it is important that we validate the risk variants in different populations, such as admixed AAs. METHODS We analyzed the NOD2 variants among admixed AAs (n = 321, 240 with CD and 111 healthy controls [HCs]) and nonadmixed West Africans (n = 40) by genotyping four known disease-causing NOD variants. We extracted the publicly available 1000 Genomes data on NOD2 variants from 500 subjects of West African origin. Association with disease was evaluated by logistic regression. RESULTS An association with CD was found for the classical single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 1007fs (2.6% CD, 0% HC, P = 0.012); there was no association when the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the risk alleles were compared for SNPs R702W and G908R. No known NOD2 risk alleles were seen in either the West African cohort or in subjects of African ancestry from the 1000 Genomes project. CONCLUSIONS The NOD2 gene is a risk for CD in AAs, although the allele frequencies and the attributable risk are much lower compared with Caucasians. The risk alleles are not seen in the West African population, suggesting that the risk for CD contributed by NOD2 among AAs is due exclusively to recent European admixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oloruntosin Adeyanju
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - David Okou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Clifton Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,Children’s Health Care of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Archana Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Cary Sauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,Children’s Health Care of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Courtney Galloway
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mahadev Prasad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jon Waters
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - David Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael Zwick
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tanvi Dhere
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,Children’s Health Care of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
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