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Inzalaco HN, Brandell EE, Wilson SP, Hunsaker M, Stahler DR, Woelfel K, Walsh DP, Nordeen T, Storm DJ, Lichtenberg SS, Turner WC. Detection of prions from spiked and free-ranging carnivore feces. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3804. [PMID: 38360908 PMCID: PMC10869337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a highly contagious, fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by infectious prions (PrPCWD) affecting wild and captive cervids. Although experimental feeding studies have demonstrated prions in feces of crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), coyotes (Canis latrans), and cougars (Puma concolor), the role of scavengers and predators in CWD epidemiology remains poorly understood. Here we applied the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay to detect PrPCWD in feces from cervid consumers, to advance surveillance approaches, which could be used to improve disease research and adaptive management of CWD. We assessed recovery and detection of PrPCWD by experimental spiking of PrPCWD into carnivore feces from 9 species sourced from CWD-free populations or captive facilities. We then applied this technique to detect PrPCWD from feces of predators and scavengers in free-ranging populations. Our results demonstrate that spiked PrPCWD is detectable from feces of free-ranging mammalian and avian carnivores using RT-QuIC. Results show that PrPCWD acquired in natural settings is detectable in feces from free-ranging carnivores, and that PrPCWD rates of detection in carnivore feces reflect relative prevalence estimates observed in the corresponding cervid populations. This study adapts an important diagnostic tool for CWD, allowing investigation of the epidemiology of CWD at the community-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Inzalaco
- Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - E E Brandell
- Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - S P Wilson
- Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, 2200 N 33rd St., P.O. Box 30370, Lincoln, NE, 68503, USA
| | - M Hunsaker
- Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - D R Stahler
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY, 82190, USA
| | - K Woelfel
- Wild and Free Wildlife Rehabilitation Program, 27264 MN-18, Garrison, MN, 56450, USA
| | - D P Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - T Nordeen
- Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, 2200 N 33rd St., P.O. Box 30370, Lincoln, NE, 68503, USA
| | - D J Storm
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Eau Claire, WI, 54701, USA
| | - S S Lichtenberg
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - W C Turner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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2
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Inzalaco HN, Bravo-Risi F, Morales R, Walsh DP, Storm DJ, Pedersen JA, Turner WC, Lichtenberg SS. Ticks harbor and excrete chronic wasting disease prions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7838. [PMID: 37188858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by infectious prions (PrPCWD) affecting cervids. Circulating PrPCWD in blood may pose a risk for indirect transmission by way of hematophagous ectoparasites acting as mechanical vectors. Cervids can carry high tick infestations and exhibit allogrooming, a common tick defense strategy between conspecifics. Ingestion of ticks during allogrooming may expose naïve animals to CWD, if ticks harbor PrPCWD. This study investigates whether ticks can harbor transmission-relevant quantities of PrPCWD by combining experimental tick feeding trials and evaluation of ticks from free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Using the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay, we show that black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) fed PrPCWD-spiked blood using artificial membranes ingest and excrete PrPCWD. Combining results of RT-QuIC and protein misfolding cyclic amplification, we detected seeding activity from 6 of 15 (40%) pooled tick samples collected from wild CWD-infected white-tailed deer. Seeding activities in ticks were analogous to 10-1000 ng of CWD-positive retropharyngeal lymph node collected from deer upon which they were feeding. Estimates revealed a median infectious dose range of 0.3-42.4 per tick, suggesting that ticks can take up transmission-relevant amounts of PrPCWD and may pose a CWD risk to cervids.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Inzalaco
- Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - F Bravo-Risi
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Morales
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - D P Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - D J Storm
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - J A Pedersen
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - W C Turner
- Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, U.S. Geological Survey, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - S S Lichtenberg
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Walsh DP, Fahey AG, Lonergan P, Wallace M. Economics of timed artificial insemination with unsorted or sexed semen in a high-producing, pasture-based dairy production system. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3192-3208. [PMID: 35181145 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study used a stochastic simulation model to estimate the potential economic benefit of using timed artificial insemination (TAI) in combination with conventional unsorted (TCONV) and sexed (TSEX) semen in heifers only (TCONV-H, TSEX-H) and in both heifers and lactating cows (TCONV-HC, TSEX-HC) in a high-producing, pasture-based production system. The scenarios were compared with a conventional reproductive policy (CONV) in which heifers and cows were inseminated with conventional unsorted semen after estrus detection. Sensitivity analysis was also used to estimate the effect of hormone costs from TAI use on the profitability of each program relative to CONV. The mean annual (± standard deviation) profit advantage (ΔPROF) over CONV for TCONV-H, TCONV-HC, TSEX-H, and TSEX-HC scenarios were €3.90/cow ± 4.65, €34.11/cow ± 25.69, €13.96/cow ± 6.83, and €41.52/cow ± 42.86, respectively. Combined application of both technologies was shown to return a greater annual ΔPROF on average compared with that achievable from TAI alone. However, the risk of not returning a positive annual ΔPROF varied across the scenarios with higher risk in TCONV-H and TSEX-HC. Specifically, TCONV-H and TSEX-HC had a 24 and 18% chance, respectively, of not returning a positive annual ΔPROF. Sensitivity analysis showed that when hormone costs increased by €10/cow TCONV-H and TSEX-HC had a 38 and 23% chance, respectively, of not returning a positive annual ΔPROF. The range in ΔPROF for TCONV policies was most sensitive to the TAI pregnancy rate and TSEX policies were most sensitive to the relative fertility achieved with sexed compared with unsorted semen. This study has shown TAI and sexed semen are complementary technologies that can increase genetic gain and profitability in a pasture-based, dairy production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Walsh
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A G Fahey
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - P Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Wallace
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
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Walsh DP, Raftery RM, Murphy R, Chen G, Heise A, O'Brien FJ, Cryan SA. Gene activated scaffolds incorporating star-shaped polypeptide-pDNA nanomedicines accelerate bone tissue regeneration in vivo. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4984-4999. [PMID: 34086016 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00094b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, tissue engineering strategies such as the use of biomaterial scaffolds augmented with specific biological cues are being investigated to accelerate the regenerative process. For example, significant clinical challenges still exist in efficiently healing large bone defects which are above a critical size. Herein, we describe a cell-free, biocompatible and bioresorbable scaffold incorporating a novel star-polypeptide biomaterial as a gene vector. This gene-loaded scaffold can accelerate bone tissue repair in vivo in comparison to a scaffold alone at just four weeks post implantation in a critical sized bone defect. This is achieved via the in situ transfection of autologous host cells which migrate into the implanted collagen-based scaffold via gene-loaded, star-shaped poly(l-lysine) polypeptides (star-PLLs). In vitro, we demonstrate that star-PLL nanomaterials designed with 64 short poly(l-lysine) arms can be used to functionalise a range of collagen based scaffolds with a dual therapeutic cargo (pDual) of the bone-morphogenetic protein-2 plasmid (pBMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor plasmid (pVEGF). The versatility of this polymeric vector is highlighted in its ability to transfect Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) with both osteogenic and angiogenic transgenes in a 3D environment from a range of scaffolds with various macromolecular compositions. In vivo, we demonstrate that a bone-mimetic, collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold functionalized with star-PLLs containing either 32- or 64- poly(l-lysine) arms can be used to successfully deliver this pDual cargo to autologous host cells. At the very early timepoint of just 4 weeks, we demonstrate the 64-star-PLL-pDual functionalised scaffold as a particularly efficient platform to accelerate bone tissue regeneration, with a 6-fold increase in new bone formation compared to a scaffold alone. Overall, this article describes for the first time the incorporation of novel star-polypeptide biomaterials carrying two therapeutic genes into a cell free scaffold which supports accelerated bone tissue formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Walsh
- Drug Delivery & Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland and Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland and SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
| | - Rosanne M Raftery
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland and Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland and SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
| | | | - Gang Chen
- Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Microsurgical Research and Training Facility (MRTF), RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas Heise
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland and Department of Chemistry, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland and SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI, Dublin and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Drug Delivery & Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland and Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland and SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland and SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI, Dublin and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Drug Delivery & Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland and Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland and SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI, Dublin and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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5
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Walsh DP, Fahey AG, Mulligan FJ, Wallace M. Effects of herd fertility on the economics of sexed semen in a high-producing, pasture-based dairy production system. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3181-3196. [PMID: 33455796 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study used a stochastic simulation model to estimate the potential economic benefit of using sexed semen in heifers only and in heifers and lactating cows in a high-producing, pasture-based system under 3 fertility scenarios. Three breeding strategies were modeled: (1) only heifers inseminated with sexed semen and cows inseminated with conventional unsexed semen (SSH); (2) both heifers and cows inseminated with sexed semen (SSHC); and (3) a reference scenario in which all females were inseminated with conventional, unsexed semen (CONV). Each scenario was evaluated under 3 herd fertility states: high (HF), medium (MF), and low (LF), which, under the reference scenario, corresponded to herd replacement rates of 21, 25, and 31%, respectively. The model estimated the economic profit, including the net present value of the genetic gain from selection intensity. The economic return from adoption of sexed semen strategies declined, with reduced levels of baseline herd fertility turning negative in the LF state. The mean (±SD) sexed semen advantage (SSA) per cow for HF-SSH, MF-SSH, and LF-SSH scenarios were €30.61 ± 8.98, €27.45 ± 7.19, and €14.69 ± 11.06, respectively. However, the SSA per cow for HF-SSHC, MF-SSHC, and LF-SSHC scenarios were €49.14 ± 15.43, €18.46 ± 30.08, and -€19.30 ± 57.11. The range in economic profit for SSA for SSH was most sensitive to calf prices in HF-SSH and the pregnancy rate of sexed semen as a percentage of conventional unsorted semen in MF-SSH and LF-SSH. The range in economic profit for SSA for SSHC scenarios was most sensitive to the pregnancy rate of sexed semen as a percentage of conventional unsorted semen in HF-SSHC, MF-SSHC, and LF-SSHC. This study highlights the effect of baseline herd fertility state on the financial advantage of adopting sexed semen in a pasture-based dairy production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Walsh
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - A G Fahey
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland.
| | - F J Mulligan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - M Wallace
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
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6
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Walsh DP, Raftery RM, Castaño IM, Murphy R, Cavanagh B, Heise A, O'Brien FJ, Cryan SA. Corrigendum to "Transfection of autologous host cells in vivo using gene activated collagen scaffolds incorporating star-polypeptides" [J. Control. Release 304(2019) 191-203]. J Control Release 2020; 320:179. [PMID: 31986312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P Walsh
- Drug Delivery Team & Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Department of Anatomy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
| | - Rosanne M Raftery
- Drug Delivery Team & Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Department of Anatomy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
| | - Irene Mencía Castaño
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
| | - Robert Murphy
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI, Dublin and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Department of Chemistry, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Andreas Heise
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland; Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI, Dublin and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Department of Chemistry, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Drug Delivery Team & Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Department of Anatomy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland; Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI, Dublin and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Drug Delivery Team & Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Department of Anatomy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI, Dublin and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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7
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Raftery RM, Walsh DP, Blokpoel Ferreras L, Mencía Castaño I, Chen G, LeMoine M, Osman G, Shakesheff KM, Dixon JE, O'Brien FJ. Highly versatile cell-penetrating peptide loaded scaffold for efficient and localised gene delivery to multiple cell types: From development to application in tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2019; 216:119277. [PMID: 31252371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has recently come of age with seven viral vector-based therapies gaining regulatory approval in recent years. In tissue engineering, non-viral vectors are preferred over viral vectors, however, lower transfection efficiencies and difficulties with delivery remain major limitations hampering clinical translation. This study describes the development of a novel multi-domain cell-penetrating peptide, GET, designed to enhance cell interaction and intracellular translocation of nucleic acids; combined with a series of porous collagen-based scaffolds with proven regenerative potential for different indications. GET was capable of transfecting cell types from all three germ layers, including stem cells, with an efficiency comparable to Lipofectamine® 3000, without inducing cytotoxicity. When implanted in vivo, GET gene-activated scaffolds allowed for host cell infiltration, transfection localized to the implantation site and sustained, but transient, changes in gene expression - demonstrating both the efficacy and safety of the approach. Finally, GET carrying osteogenic (pBMP-2) and angiogenic (pVEGF) genes were incorporated into collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds and with a single 2 μg dose of therapeutic pDNA, induced complete repair of critical-sized bone defects within 4 weeks. GET represents an exciting development in gene therapy and by combining it with a scaffold-based delivery system offers tissue engineering solutions for a myriad of regenerative indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne M Raftery
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David P Walsh
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland; Translational Research in Nanomedical Devices, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lia Blokpoel Ferreras
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Irene Mencía Castaño
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Microsurgical Research and Training Facility (MRTF), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark LeMoine
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gizem Osman
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Shakesheff
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James E Dixon
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland.
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8
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Walsh DP, Raftery RM, Chen G, Heise A, O'Brien FJ, Cryan SA. Rapid healing of a critical-sized bone defect using a collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold to facilitate low dose, combinatorial growth factor delivery. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1843-1853. [PMID: 31306563 DOI: 10.1002/term.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The healing of large, critically sized bone defects remains an unmet clinical need in modern orthopaedic medicine. The tissue engineering field is increasingly using biomaterial scaffolds as 3D templates to guide the regenerative process, which can be further augmented via the incorporation of recombinant growth factors. Typically, this necessitates supraphysiological doses of growth factor to facilitate an adequate therapeutic response. Herein, we describe a cell-free, biomaterial implant which is functionalised with a low dose, combinatorial growth factor therapy that is capable of rapidly regenerating vascularised bone tissue within a critical-sized rodent calvarial defect. Specifically, we demonstrate that the dual delivery of the growth factors bone morphogenetic protein-2 (osteogenic) and vascular endothelial growth factor (angiogenic) at a low dose (5 μg/scaffold) on an osteoconductive collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold is highly effective in healing these critical-sized bone defects. The high affinity between the hydroxyapatite component of this biomimetic scaffold and the growth factors functions to sequester them locally at the defect site. Using this growth factor-loaded scaffold, we show complete bridging of a critical-sized calvarial defect in all specimens at a very early time point of 4 weeks, with a 28-fold increase in new bone volume and seven-fold increase in new bone area compared with a growth factor-free scaffold. Overall, this study demonstrates that a collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold can be used to locally harness the synergistic relationship between osteogenic and angiogenic growth factors to rapidly regenerate bone tissue without the need for more complex controlled delivery vehicles or high total growth factor doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Walsh
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosanne M Raftery
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Microsurgical Research and Training Facility (MRTF), RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas Heise
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI, Dublin and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI, Dublin and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI, Dublin and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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9
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Murphy R, Walsh DP, Hamilton CA, Cryan SA, In Het Panhuis M, Heise A. Degradable 3D-Printed Hydrogels Based on Star-Shaped Copolypeptides. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2691-2699. [PMID: 29665336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a star copolypeptide-based hydrogel ink capable of structural microfabrication using 3D extrusion printing. The material comprises an amphiphilic block copolymer structure of poly(benzyl-l-glutamate)- b-oligo(l-valine), which spontaneously forms hydrogels through hydrophobic interactions. The chemical design allows the bulk phase of the hydrogel to remain intact after application of shear due to its self-recovery behavior. It is demonstrated that the composition of the materials is ideally suited for 3D printing with scaffolds capable of maintaining structural cohesion after extrusion. Post extrusion UV-triggered fixation of the printed structures is carried out, resulting in stable hydrogel constructs. The constructs were found to be degradable, exhibited favorable release of encapsulated molecular cargo, and do not appear to affect the metabolic health of the commonly used fibroblastic cell line Balb/3T3 in the absence of the reactive diluent N, N'-methylenebis(acrylamide). The star copolypeptide inks allow for rapid prototyping enabling the fabrication of defined intricate microstructures, providing a platform for complex scaffold development that would otherwise be unattainable with other processing techniques such as molding or casting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Murphy
- Department of Chemistry , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) , 123 St. Stephens Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - David P Walsh
- Drug Delivery & Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy & Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) , 123 St. Stephens Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Charles A Hamilton
- Soft Materials Group, School of Chemistry, and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering , Trinity College Dublin (TCD) , Dublin , Ireland.,Drug Delivery & Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy & Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) , 123 St. Stephens Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM) , RCSI, Dublin and National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
| | - Marc In Het Panhuis
- Soft Materials Group, School of Chemistry, and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Chemistry , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) , 123 St. Stephens Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM) , RCSI, Dublin and National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
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Walsh DP, Murphy RD, Panarella A, Raftery RM, Cavanagh B, Simpson JC, O'Brien FJ, Heise A, Cryan SA. Bioinspired Star-Shaped Poly(l-lysine) Polypeptides: Efficient Polymeric Nanocarriers for the Delivery of DNA to Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1878-1891. [PMID: 29590755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering is increasingly recognizing that gene therapy can be employed for modulating in vivo cellular response thereby guiding tissue regeneration. However, the field lacks a versatile and biocompatible gene delivery platform capable of efficiently delivering transgenes to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a cell type often refractory to transfection. Herein, we describe the extensive and systematic exploration of three architectural variations of star-shaped poly(l-lysine) polypeptide (star-PLL) with varying number and length of poly(l-lysine) arms as potential nonviral gene delivery vectors for MSCs. We demonstrate that star-PLL vectors are capable of self-assembling with pDNA to form stable, cationic nanomedicines. Utilizing high content screening, live cell imaging, and mechanistic uptake studies we confirm the intracellular delivery of pDNA by star-PLLs to MSCs is a rapid process, which likely proceeds via a clathrin-independent mechanism. We identify a star-PLL composition with 64 poly(l-lysine) arms and five l-lysine subunits per arm as a particularly efficient vector that is capable of delivering both reporter genes and the therapeutic transgenes bone morphogenetic protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor to MSCs. This composition facilitated a 1000-fold increase in transgene expression in MSCs compared to its linear analogue, linear poly(l-lysine). Furthermore, it demonstrated comparable transgene expression to the widely used vector polyethylenimine using a lower pDNA dose with significantly less cytotoxicity. Overall, this study illustrates the ability of the star-PLL vectors to facilitate efficient, nontoxic nucleic acid delivery to MSCs thereby functioning as an innovative nanomedicine platform for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Walsh
- Drug Delivery & Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy , RCSI , Dublin , Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy , RCSI , Dublin , Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering , Trinity College Dublin (TCD) , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Robert D Murphy
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , RCSI , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Angela Panarella
- School of Biology and Environmental Science , University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Rosanne M Raftery
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy , RCSI , Dublin , Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering , Trinity College Dublin (TCD) , Dublin , Ireland
| | | | - Jeremy C Simpson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science , University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy , RCSI , Dublin , Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering , Trinity College Dublin (TCD) , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Andreas Heise
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , RCSI , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Drug Delivery & Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy , RCSI , Dublin , Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy , RCSI , Dublin , Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering , Trinity College Dublin (TCD) , Dublin , Ireland
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11
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Walsh DP, Heise A, O’Brien FJ, Cryan SA. An efficient, non-viral dendritic vector for gene delivery in tissue engineering. Gene Ther 2017; 24:681-691. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Raftery RM, Walsh DP, Castaño IM, Heise A, Duffy GP, Cryan SA, O'Brien FJ. Delivering Nucleic-Acid Based Nanomedicines on Biomaterial Scaffolds for Orthopedic Tissue Repair: Challenges, Progress and Future Perspectives. Adv Mater 2016; 28:5447-5469. [PMID: 26840618 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As well as acting to fill defects and allow for cell infiltration and proliferation in regenerative medicine, biomaterial scaffolds can also act as carriers for therapeutics, further enhancing their efficacy. Drug and protein delivery on scaffolds have shown potential, however, supraphysiological quantities of therapeutic are often released at the defect site, causing off-target side effects and cytotoxicity. Gene therapy involves the introduction of foreign genes into a cell in order to exert an effect; either replacing a missing gene or modulating expression of a protein. State of the art gene therapy also encompasses manipulation of the transcriptome by harnessing RNA interference (RNAi) therapy. The delivery of nucleic acid nanomedicines on biomaterial scaffolds - gene-activated scaffolds -has shown potential for use in a variety of tissue engineering applications, but as of yet, have not reached clinical use. The current state of the art in terms of biomaterial scaffolds and delivery vector materials for gene therapy is reviewed, and the limitations of current procedures discussed. Future directions in the clinical translation of gene-activated scaffolds are also considered, with a particular focus on bone and cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne M Raftery
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Research Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Walsh
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Research Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Irene Mencía Castaño
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas Heise
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Garry P Duffy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Research Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
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Walsh DP, Zhang L, Kruger PE, Schmitt W. Supramolecular Coordination Assemblies Using 2-Aminodiacetic Terephthalic Acid Ligands: K[NiII(Hadta)(H2O)2]·H2O and K[Cu 1.5 II (adta)(H2O)1.5]·H2O. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-011-9536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Walsh DP, Clérac R, Hearns NGR, Kruger PE, Schmitt W. Modulating topologies and magnetic properties of coordination polymers using 2,2′-bipyridine and 5-aminodiacetic isophthalic acid as ligands. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b902010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The field of Small Molecule Microarray's (SMM's) is an ever-expanding part of the larger microarray field. SMM's are array based detection systems that use small molecules as probes immobilized on a variety of microarray surfaces that are screened against a number of targets for purposes including, but not limited to, protein-small molecule ligand recognition and protein function profiling. This review covers the recent advances in the field with particular emphasis on the successful applications of SMM's, as well as technical advances in platform optimization and novel small molecule immobilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Walsh
- New York University, Department of chemistry, 29 Washington place, room 551, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Walsh DP, Mellon MM. The emergency medicine specialist in combat triage: a new and untapped resource. Mil Med 1990; 155:187-9. [PMID: 2110344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Gould BJ, Walsh DP, Ah-Sing E, Wright J, Stace BC. Urinary carboxymethyl-lysine measurement as a potential indicator of diabetic complications. Biochem Soc Trans 1989; 17:1087-8. [PMID: 2516820 DOI: 10.1042/bst0171087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B J Gould
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K
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Walsh DP, Lammert GR, Devoll J. The effectiveness of the advanced trauma life support system in a mass casualty situation by non-trauma-experienced physicians: Grenada 1983. J Emerg Med 1989; 7:175-80. [PMID: 2738373 DOI: 10.1016/0736-4679(89)90266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mass casualty is a sporadic event precipitated by natural or man made causes which can be defined as the need for medical care exceeding the ability to provide it. Many literature reports of mass casualty evolutions depict scenes of chaos and confusion, leading to a need for a standardized approach to assessment, triage, and initial resuscitation. Even with the advent of trained emergency medicine specialists to direct these activities, such a framework would seem highly desirable for other participating primary care specialists. Additionally, a uniform system might be particularly useful in the mass casualty situation where international rescue teams converge on one disaster site. Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) is a standardized approach easily adaptable to triage and resuscitation of multiple patients. Its use and effectiveness in mass casualty, however, has not had prior mention in the literature. This paper presents the first reported adaptation of ATLS principles to mass casualty during the invasion of Grenada. The bulk of 76 patients brought to the Primary Casualty Receiving and Treatment Center (PCRTC) were triaged, stabilized, and resuscitated by three PGY-1 trained, non-trauma-experienced physicians. During the primary survey, 8 major life threatening problems were identified and immediately corrected without loss of life. The ATLS system seemed to provide a comfortable framework for these partially trained physicians. Arguments for its adaptation and use as an international system approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Walsh
- Emergency Medicine Department, Naval Hospital, Charleston, South Carolina 29408-6900
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