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Ivanova M, Peters R, Müller M, Haas S, Seidler MF, Mutschke G, Eckert K, Röse P, Calnan S, Bagacki R, Schlatmann R, Grosselindemann C, Schäfer LA, Menzler NH, Weber A, van de Krol R, Liang F, Abdi FF, Brendelberger S, Neumann N, Grobbel J, Roeb M, Sattler C, Duran I, Dietrich B, Hofberger C, Stoppel L, Uhlenbruck N, Wetzel T, Rauner D, Hecimovic A, Fantz U, Kulyk N, Harting J, Guillon O. Technological Pathways to Produce Compressed and Highly Pure Hydrogen from Solar Power. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202218850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Ivanova
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH IEK-1 GERMANY
| | - Ralf Peters
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH IEK-14 GERMANY
| | - Martin Müller
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH IEK-14 GERMANY
| | - Stefan Haas
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH IEK-5 GERMANY
| | | | - Gerd Mutschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Fluid Dynamics GERMANY
| | - Kerstin Eckert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Fluid Dynamics GERMANY
| | - Philipp Röse
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Applied Materials - Electrochemical Technologies GERMANY
| | - Sonya Calnan
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Institute Competence Centre Photovoltaics Berlin GERMANY
| | - Rory Bagacki
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Institute Competence Centre Photovoltaics Berlin GERMANY
| | - Rutger Schlatmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Institute Competence Centre Photovoltaics Berlin GERMANY
| | - Cedric Grosselindemann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Applied Materials - Electrochemical Technologies GERMANY
| | | | | | - André Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Applied Materials - Electrochemical Technologies GERMANY
| | - Roel van de Krol
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Institute for Solar Fuels GERMANY
| | - Feng Liang
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Institute for Solar Fuels GERMANY
| | - Fatwa F. Abdi
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Institute for Solar Fuels GERMANY
| | - Stefan Brendelberger
- German Aerospace Center: Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt Institute of Future Fuels GERMANY
| | - Nicole Neumann
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt Institute of Future Fuels GERMANY
| | - Johannes Grobbel
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt Institute of Future Fuels GERMANY
| | - Martin Roeb
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt Institute of Future Fuels GERMANY
| | - Christian Sattler
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt Institute of Future Fuels GERMANY
| | - Ines Duran
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Thermal Energy Technology and Safety GERMANY
| | - Benjamin Dietrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute of Thermal Process Engineering GERMANY
| | - Christoph Hofberger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Thermal Energy Technology and Safety GERMANY
| | - Leonid Stoppel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Thermal Energy Technology and Safety GERMANY
| | - Neele Uhlenbruck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Thermal Energy Technology and Safety GERMANY
| | - Thomas Wetzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Thermal Energy Technology and Safety GERMANY
| | | | - Ante Hecimovic
- Max-Planck-Institute of Plasma Physics: Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik IPP GERMANY
| | - Ursel Fantz
- Max-Planck-Institute of Plasma Physics: Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik IPP GERMANY
| | - Nadiia Kulyk
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH IEK-11 GERMANY
| | - Jens Harting
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH IEK-11 GERMANY
| | - Olivier Guillon
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH IEK-1 GERMANY
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Ivanova M, Peters R, Müller M, Haas S, Seidler MF, Mutschke G, Eckert K, Röse P, Calnan S, Bagacki R, Schlatmann R, Grosselindemann C, Schäfer LA, Menzler NH, Weber A, van de Krol R, Liang F, Abdi FF, Brendelberger S, Neumann N, Grobbel J, Roeb M, Sattler C, Duran I, Dietrich B, Hofberger C, Stoppel L, Uhlenbruck N, Wetzel T, Rauner D, Hecimovic A, Fantz U, Kulyk N, Harting J, Guillon O. Technological Pathways to Produce Compressed and Highly Pure Hydrogen from Solar Power. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202218850. [PMID: 36637348 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) produced from renewables will have a growing impact on the global energy dynamics towards sustainable and carbon-neutral standards. The share of green H2 is still too low to meet the net-zero target, while the demand for high-quality hydrogen continues to rise. These factors amplify the need for economically viable H2 generation technologies. The present article aims at evaluating the existing technologies for high-quality H2 production based on solar energy. Technologies such as water electrolysis, photoelectrochemical and solar thermochemical water splitting, liquid metal reactors and plasma conversion utilize solar power directly or indirectly (as carbon-neutral electrons) and are reviewed from the prospective of their current development level, technical limitations and future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Ivanova
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, IEK-1, GERMANY
| | - Ralf Peters
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, IEK-14, GERMANY
| | - Martin Müller
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, IEK-14, GERMANY
| | - Stefan Haas
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, IEK-5, GERMANY
| | | | - Gerd Mutschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, GERMANY
| | - Kerstin Eckert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, GERMANY
| | - Philipp Röse
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Institute for Applied Materials - Electrochemical Technologies, GERMANY
| | - Sonya Calnan
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH, Institute Competence Centre Photovoltaics Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Rory Bagacki
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH, Institute Competence Centre Photovoltaics Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Rutger Schlatmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH, Institute Competence Centre Photovoltaics Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Cedric Grosselindemann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Institute for Applied Materials - Electrochemical Technologies, GERMANY
| | | | - Norbert H Menzler
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, IEK-1, GERMANY
| | - André Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Institute for Applied Materials - Electrochemical Technologies, GERMANY
| | - Roel van de Krol
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH, Institute for Solar Fuels, GERMANY
| | - Feng Liang
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH, Institute for Solar Fuels, GERMANY
| | - Fatwa F Abdi
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH, Institute for Solar Fuels, GERMANY
| | - Stefan Brendelberger
- German Aerospace Center: Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institute of Future Fuels, GERMANY
| | - Nicole Neumann
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institute of Future Fuels, GERMANY
| | - Johannes Grobbel
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institute of Future Fuels, GERMANY
| | - Martin Roeb
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institute of Future Fuels, GERMANY
| | - Christian Sattler
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institute of Future Fuels, GERMANY
| | - Ines Duran
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Institute for Thermal Energy Technology and Safety, GERMANY
| | - Benjamin Dietrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Institute of Thermal Process Engineering, GERMANY
| | - Christoph Hofberger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Institute for Thermal Energy Technology and Safety, GERMANY
| | - Leonid Stoppel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Institute for Thermal Energy Technology and Safety, GERMANY
| | - Neele Uhlenbruck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Institute for Thermal Energy Technology and Safety, GERMANY
| | - Thomas Wetzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Institute for Thermal Energy Technology and Safety, GERMANY
| | | | - Ante Hecimovic
- Max-Planck-Institute of Plasma Physics: Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, IPP, GERMANY
| | - Ursel Fantz
- Max-Planck-Institute of Plasma Physics: Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, IPP, GERMANY
| | - Nadiia Kulyk
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, IEK-11, GERMANY
| | - Jens Harting
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, IEK-11, GERMANY
| | - Olivier Guillon
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, IEK-1, GERMANY
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Briefi S, Zielke D, Rauner D, Fantz U. Diagnostics of RF coupling in H - ion sources as a tool for optimizing source design and operational parameters. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:023501. [PMID: 35232166 DOI: 10.1063/5.0077934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radio frequency (RF) driven H- ion sources are operated at very high power levels of up 100 kW in order to achieve the desired performance. For the experimental setup, these are demanding conditions possibly limiting the source reliability. Therefore, assessing the optimization potential in terms of RF power losses and the RF power transfer efficiency η to the plasma has moved to the focus of both experimental and numerical modeling investigations at particle accelerator and neutral beam heating sources for fusion plasmas. It has been demonstrated that, e.g., at typical neutral beam injection ion source setups, about half of the RF power provided by the generator is lost in the RF coil and the Faraday shield due to Joule heating or via eddy currents. In a best practice approach, it is exemplarily demonstrated at the ITER RF prototype ion source how experimental evaluation accompanied by numerical modeling of the ion source can be used to improve η. Individual optimization measures regarding the Faraday shield, the RF coil, the discharge geometry, the RF driving frequency, and the application of ferrites are discussed, which could reduce the losses by a factor of two. The provided examples are intended as exemplary guidelines, which can be applied at other setups in order to achieve with low-risk effort an optimized ion source design in terms of reduced losses and hence increased reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Briefi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Zielke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Rauner
- AG Experimentelle Plasmaphysik, Universität Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - U Fantz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Abstract
Myocardial protein turnover in vivo was examined in anesthetized dogs following a 16- or 36-hour fast and again during a hyperinsulinemic (2 mU/kg per minute) euglycemic clamp with or without amino acid replacement or during saline infusion. We measured myocardial phenylalanine balance and rates of protein synthesis and degradation, using the extraction of intravenously infused L-[ring-2,6-3H]phenylalanine and the dilution of its specific activity across the heart at isotopic steady state. After both a 16-hour (n = 19) and 36-hour fast (n = 10), there was net myocardial release of phenylalanine indicated by the negative balances for phenylalanine of -52 +/- 9 (p less than 0.001) and -38 +/- 9 (p less than 0.005) nmol/min, respectively. Overall, the basal rate of myocardial protein degradation was lower in the 36-hour-fasted animals (81 +/- 13 versus 121 +/- 12 nmol/min, p less than 0.05). Myocardial phenylalanine balance and rates of protein synthesis and degradation did not change during insulin and glucose infusion in the 36-hour-fasted animals (n = 10). In these animals, there was a 30-40% decline in plasma amino acid concentrations, including branched chain (p less than 0.001) and essential amino acids (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Young
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. 06510
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