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Tannenbaum D, Maréchal MA, Cohn A. A closer look at civic honesty in collectivist cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313586120. [PMID: 38011556 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313586120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Tannenbaum
- Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Michel André Maréchal
- Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8006, Switzerland
- Rady School of Management, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Alain Cohn
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Costa E, Inbar Y, Tannenbaum D. Do Registered Reports Make Scientific Findings More Believable to the Public? Collabra: Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1525/collabra.32607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Registered reports are an important initiative to improve the methodological rigor and transparency of scientific studies. One possible benefit of registered reports is that they may increase public acceptance of controversial research findings. We test this question by providing participants in a large US-based sample (n = 1,500) with descriptions of the key features of registered reports and the standard peer-review process, and then eliciting credibility judgments for various scientific results. We do not find evidence that participants view findings from registered reports as more credible than findings conducted under a standard (non-registered) report. This was true for both plausible and implausible study findings. Our results help clarify public attitudes and beliefs about scientific findings in light of recent methodological developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Costa
- Department of Management, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Tannenbaum
- Department of Management, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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3
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McIsaac WJ, Senthinathan A, Moineddin R, Nakamachi Y, Dresser L, McIntyre M, Singh S, De Oliveira N, Tannenbaum D, Bloom J, Lemieux C, Marr P, Levy M, Mitri M, Walji S, Kukan S, Morris AM. Development and evaluation of a primary care antimicrobial stewardship program (PC-ASP) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. J Assoc Med Microbiol Infect Dis Can 2021; 6:32-48. [PMID: 36340211 PMCID: PMC9612432 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective community-based antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are needed because 90% of antimicrobials are prescribed in the community. A primary care ASP (PC-ASP) was evaluated for its effectiveness in lowering antibiotic prescriptions for six common infections. METHODS A multi-faceted educational program was assessed using a before-and-after design in four primary care clinics from 2015 through 2017. The primary outcome was the difference between control and intervention clinics in total antibiotic prescriptions for six common infections before and after the intervention. Secondary outcomes included changes in condition-specific antibiotic use, delayed antibiotic prescriptions, prescriptions exceeding 7 days duration, use of recommended antibiotics, and emergency department visits or hospitalizations within 30 days. Multi-method models adjusting for demographics, case mix, and clustering by physician were used to estimate treatment effects. RESULTS Total antibiotic prescriptions in control and intervention clinics did not differ (difference in differences = 1.7%; 95% CI -12.5% to 15.9%), nor did use of delayed prescriptions (-5.2%; 95% CI -24.2% to 13.8%). Prescriptions for longer than 7 days were significantly reduced (-21.3%; 95% CI -42.5% to -0.1%). However, only 781 of 1,777 encounters (44.0%) involved providers who completed the ASP education. Where providers completed the education, delayed prescriptions increased 17.7% (p = 0.06), and prescriptions exceeding 7 days duration declined (-27%; 95% CI -48.3% to -5.6%). Subsequent emergency department visits and hospitalizations did not increase. CONCLUSIONS PC-ASP effectiveness on antibiotic use was variable. Shorter prescription durations and increased use of delayed prescriptions were adopted by engaged primary care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren J McIsaac
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arrani Senthinathan
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoshiko Nakamachi
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Dresser
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark McIntyre
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne Singh
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nelia De Oliveira
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Tannenbaum
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff Bloom
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Camille Lemieux
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Marr
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Levy
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mira Mitri
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sakina Walji
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sahana Kukan
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew M Morris
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Sinai Health, University Health Network, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jeffs L, McIsaac W, Zahradnik M, Senthinathan A, Dresser L, McIntyre M, Tannenbaum D, Bell C, Morris A. Barriers and facilitators to the uptake of an antimicrobial stewardship program in primary care: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0223822. [PMID: 32134929 PMCID: PMC7059986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The overuse of antimicrobials in primary care can be linked to an increased risk of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria for individual patients. Although there are promising signs of the benefits associated with Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) in hospitals and long-term care settings, there is limited knowledge in primary care settings and how to implement ASPs in these settings is unclear. In this context, a qualitative study was undertaken to explore the perceptions of primary care prescribers of the usefulness, feasibility, and experiences associated with the implementation of a pilot community-focused ASP intervention in three primary care clinics. Qualitative interviews were conducted with primary care clinicians, including local ASP champions, prescribers, and other primary health care team members, while they participated in an ASP initiative within one of three primary care clinics. An iterative conventional content analyses approach was used to analyze the transcribed interviews. Themes emerged around the key enablers and barriers associated with ASP implementation. Study findings point to key insights relevant to the scalability of community ASP activities with primary care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Jeffs
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michaels
Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren McIsaac
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family and Community Medicine, Sinai Health
System, Toronto Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Arrani Senthinathan
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Sinai Health System and University
Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Linda Dresser
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Sinai Health System and University
Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark McIntyre
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Sinai Health System and University
Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Tannenbaum
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family and Community Medicine, Sinai Health
System, Toronto Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Canada
| | - Chaim Bell
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Sinai Health System and University
Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System, University Health Network,
and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew Morris
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Sinai Health System and University
Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System, University Health Network,
and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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5
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Critcher CR, Helzer EG, Tannenbaum D. Moral character evaluation: Testing another's moral-cognitive machinery. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Onyura B, Crann S, Freeman R, Whittaker MK, Tannenbaum D. The state-of-play in physician health systems leadership research. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl) 2019; 32:620-643. [DOI: 10.1108/lhs-03-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to review a decade of evidence on physician participation in health system leadership with the view to better understand the current state of scholarship on physician leadership activity in health systems. This includes examining the available evidence on both physicians’ experiences of health systems leadership (HSL) and the impact of physician leadership on health system reform.
Design/methodology/approach
A state-of-the-art review of studies (between 2007 and 2017); 51 papers were identified, analyzed thematically and synthesized narratively.
Findings
Six main themes were identified in the literature as follows: (De)motivation for leadership, leadership readiness and career development, work demands and rewards, identity matters: acceptance of self (and other) as leader, leadership processes and relationships across health systems and leadership in relation to health system outcomes. There were seemingly contradictory findings across some studies, pointing to the influence of regional and cultural contextual variation on leadership practices as well entrenched paradoxical tensions in health system organizations.
Research limitations/implications
Future research should examine the influence of varying structural and psychological empowerment on physician leadership practices. Empirical attention to paradoxical tensions (e.g. between empowerment and control) in HSL is needed, with specific attention to questions on how such tensions influence leaders’ decision-making about system reform.
Originality/value
This review provides a broad synthesis of diverse papers about physician participation in health system leadership. Thus, it offers a comprehensive empirical synthesis of contemporary concerns and identifies important avenues for future research.
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Abstract
Civic honesty is essential to social capital and economic development but is often in conflict with material self-interest. We examine the trade-off between honesty and self-interest using field experiments in 355 cities spanning 40 countries around the globe. In these experiments, we turned in more than 17,000 lost wallets containing varying amounts of money at public and private institutions and measured whether recipients contacted the owners to return the wallets. In virtually all countries, citizens were more likely to return wallets that contained more money. Neither nonexperts nor professional economists were able to predict this result. Additional data suggest that our main findings can be explained by a combination of altruistic concerns and an aversion to viewing oneself as a thief, both of which increase with the material benefits of dishonesty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Cohn
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - David Tannenbaum
- Department of Management, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Onyura B, Crann S, Tannenbaum D, Whittaker MK, Murdoch S, Freeman R. Is postgraduate leadership education a match for the wicked problems of health systems leadership? A critical systematic review. Perspect Med Educ 2019; 8:133-142. [PMID: 31161480 PMCID: PMC6565666 DOI: 10.1007/s40037-019-0517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There have been a growing number of leadership education programs for physicians. However, debates about the value and efficacy of leadership education in medicine persist, and there are calls for systematic and critical perspectives on medical leadership development. Here, we review evidence on postgraduate leadership education and discuss findings in relation to contemporary evidence on leadership education and practice. METHOD We searched multiple databases for papers on postgraduate leadership development programs, published in English between 2007 and 2017. We identified 4,691 papers; 31 papers met the full inclusion criteria. Data regarding curricular content and design, learner demographics, instructional methods, and learning outcomes were abstracted and synthesized. RESULTS There was modest evidence for effectiveness of programs in influencing knowledge and skills gains in select domains. However, the conceptual underpinnings of the 'leadership' training delivered were often unclear. Contemporary theory and evidence on leadership practice was not widely incorporated in program design. Programs were almost exclusively uni-professional, focused on discrete skill development, and did not address systems-level leadership issues. Broader leadership capacity building strategies were underutilized. A new wave of longitudinal, integrated clinical and leadership programming is observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings raise questions about persistent preparation-practice gaps in leadership education in medicine. Leadership education needs to evolve to incorporate broader collective capacity building, as well as evidence-informed strategies for leadership development. Barriers to educational reform need to be identified and addressed as educators work to re-orientate education programs to better prepare budding physician leaders for the challenges of health system leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Onyura
- Centre for Faculty Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sara Crann
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Tannenbaum
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Kay Whittaker
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart Murdoch
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Risa Freeman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Rainsberry P, Nasmith L, Weston WW, Busing N, Fowler N, Goertzen J, Kvern B, Tannenbaum D, Oandasan IF. [Not Available]. Can Fam Physician 2018; 64:e473-e476. [PMID: 30429190 PMCID: PMC6234950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise Nasmith
- Rectrice adjointe en santé à la retraite de l'Université de la Colombie-Britannique
| | - W Wayne Weston
- Professeur émérite à la Faculté de médecine et de chirurgie dentaire Schulich de l'Université Western
| | - Nick Busing
- Professeur au Département de médecine familiale de l'Université d'Ottawa
| | - Nancy Fowler
- Directrice générale de la médecine familiale universitaire au CMFC
| | - James Goertzen
- Actuellement président de la Section des enseignants et doyen adjoint de l'éducation continue et du développement professionnel de l'École de médecine du Nord de l'Ontario
| | - Brent Kvern
- Professeur adjoint au Département de médecine familiale de l'Université du Manitoba et directeur, Certification et évaluation, au CMFC
| | - David Tannenbaum
- Professeur adjoint au Département de médecine familiale et communautaire de l'Université de Toronto et médecin de famille en chef du Sinai Health System
| | - Ivy F Oandasan
- Directrice de l'éducation et responsable de la mise en œuvre nationale du Cursus Triple C axé sur les compétences au CMFC, et professeure au Département de médecine familiale et communautaire de l'Université de Toronto
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10
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Rainsberry P, Nasmith L, Weston WW, Busing N, Fowler N, Goertzen J, Kvern B, Tannenbaum D, Oandasan IF. The times, are they a-changin'? Can Fam Physician 2018; 64:798-800. [PMID: 30429173 PMCID: PMC6234932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise Nasmith
- Retired Associate Provost Health for the University of British Columbia
| | - W Wayne Weston
- Professor Emeritus in the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry at Western University
| | - Nick Busing
- Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Ottawa
| | - Nancy Fowler
- Executive Director of Academic Family Medicine at the CFPC
| | - James Goertzen
- Current Chair of the Section of Teachers and Assistant Dean of Continuing Education and Professional Development at the Northern Ontario School of Medicine
| | - Brent Kvern
- Associate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Manitoba and Director of Certification and Examinations for the CFPC
| | - David Tannenbaum
- Associate Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine (DFCM) at the University of Toronto and Family Physician-in-Chief for Sinai Health System
| | - Ivy F Oandasan
- Director of Education and Lead for the national implementation of the Triple C Competency-based Curriculum at the CFPC, and Professor in the DFCM at the University of Toronto
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Biringer A, Forte M, Tobin A, Shaw E, Tannenbaum D. What influences success in family medicine maternity care education programs? Qualitative exploration. Can Fam Physician 2018; 64:e242-e248. [PMID: 29760273 PMCID: PMC5951668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain how program leaders in family medicine characterize success in family medicine maternity care education and determine which factors influence the success of training programs. DESIGN Qualitative research using semistructured telephone interviews. SETTING Purposive sample of 6 family medicine programs from 5 Canadian provinces. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen departmental leaders and program directors. METHODS Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with program leaders in family medicine maternity care. Departmental leaders identified maternity care programs deemed to be "successful." Interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Team members conducted thematic analysis. MAIN FINDINGS Participants considered their education programs to be successful in family medicine maternity care if residents achieved competency in intrapartum care, if graduates planned to include intrapartum care in their practices, and if their education programs were able to recruit and retain family medicine maternity care faculty. Five key factors were deemed to be critical to a program's success in family medicine maternity care: adequate clinical exposure, the presence of strong family medicine role models, a family medicine-friendly hospital environment, support for the education program from multiple sources, and a dedicated and supportive community of family medicine maternity care providers. CONCLUSION Training programs wishing to achieve greater success in family medicine maternity care education should employ a multifaceted strategy that considers all 5 of the interdependent factors uncovered in our research. By paying particular attention to the informal processes that connect these factors, program leaders can preserve the possibility that family medicine residents will graduate with the competence and confidence to practise full-scope maternity care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Biringer
- Associate Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto in Ontario, and the Ada Slaight and Slaight Family Director of Maternity Care at the Granovsky Gluskin Family Medicine Centre at the Sinai Health System in Toronto.
| | - Milena Forte
- Assistant Professor and Maternity Care Lead in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto, and is a staff physician at the Granovsky Gluskin Family Medicine Centre at the Sinai Health System
| | - Anastasia Tobin
- Doctoral candidate at the University of Toronto and a fellow at the Wilson Centre in Toronto
| | - Elizabeth Shaw
- Professor of Family Medicine at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ont
| | - David Tannenbaum
- Associate Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto and Family Physician-in-Chief at the Sinai Health System
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Hayakawa S, Tannenbaum D, Costa A, Corey JD, Keysar B. Thinking More or Feeling Less? Explaining the Foreign-Language Effect on Moral Judgment. Psychol Sci 2017; 28:1387-1397. [DOI: 10.1177/0956797617720944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Would you kill one person to save five? People are more willing to accept such utilitarian action when using a foreign language than when using their native language. In six experiments, we investigated why foreign-language use affects moral choice in this way. On the one hand, the difficulty of using a foreign language might slow people down and increase deliberation, amplifying utilitarian considerations of maximizing welfare. On the other hand, use of a foreign language might stunt emotional processing, attenuating considerations of deontological rules, such as the prohibition against killing. Using a process-dissociation technique, we found that foreign-language use decreases deontological responding but does not increase utilitarian responding. This suggests that using a foreign language affects moral choice not through increased deliberation but by blunting emotional reactions associated with the violation of deontological rules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Albert Costa
- Center of Brain and Cognition (CBC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joanna D. Corey
- Center of Brain and Cognition (CBC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra
| | - Boaz Keysar
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago
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13
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Tierney W, Schweinsberg M, Jordan J, Kennedy DM, Qureshi I, Sommer SA, Thornley N, Madan N, Vianello M, Awtrey E, Zhu LL, Diermeier D, Heinze JE, Srinivasan M, Tannenbaum D, Bivolaru E, Dana J, Davis-Stober CP, du Plessis C, Gronau QF, Hafenbrack AC, Liao EY, Ly A, Marsman M, Murase T, Schaerer M, Tworek CM, Wagenmakers EJ, Wong L, Anderson T, Bauman CW, Bedwell WL, Brescoll V, Canavan A, Chandler JJ, Cheries E, Cheryan S, Cheung F, Cimpian A, Clark MA, Cordon D, Cushman F, Ditto PH, Amell A, Frick SE, Gamez-Djokic M, Grady RH, Graham J, Gu J, Hahn A, Hanson BE, Hartwich NJ, Hein K, Inbar Y, Jiang L, Kellogg T, Legate N, Luoma TP, Maibeucher H, Meindl P, Miles J, Mislin A, Molden DC, Motyl M, Newman G, Ngo HH, Packham H, Ramsay PS, Ray JL, Sackett AM, Sellier AL, Sokolova T, Sowden W, Storage D, Sun X, Van Bavel JJ, Washburn AN, Wei C, Wetter E, Wilson CT, Darroux SC, Uhlmann EL. Data from a pre-publication independent replication initiative examining ten moral judgement effects. Sci Data 2016; 3:160082. [PMID: 27727246 PMCID: PMC5058337 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2016.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the data from a crowdsourced project seeking to replicate findings in independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. In this Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) initiative, 25 research groups attempted to replicate 10 moral judgment effects from a single laboratory's research pipeline of unpublished findings. The 10 effects were investigated using online/lab surveys containing psychological manipulations (vignettes) followed by questionnaires. Results revealed a mix of reliable, unreliable, and culturally moderated findings. Unlike any previous replication project, this dataset includes the data from not only the replications but also from the original studies, creating a unique corpus that researchers can use to better understand reproducibility and irreproducibility in science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Tierney
- INSEAD, Fontainebleau 77305, France and Singapore 138676, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Israr Qureshi
- IE Business School, IE University, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | | | - Nico Thornley
- INSEAD, Fontainebleau 77305, France and Singapore 138676, Singapore
| | - Nikhil Madan
- INSEAD, Fontainebleau 77305, France and Singapore 138676, Singapore
| | | | - Eli Awtrey
- University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
| | - Luke Lei Zhu
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 5V4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Eliza Bivolaru
- INSEAD, Fontainebleau 77305, France and Singapore 138676, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew C Hafenbrack
- UCP-Católica Lisbon School of Business &Economics, Lisbon 1649-023, Portugal
| | - Eko Yi Liao
- Hang Seng Management College, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alexander Ly
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1001 NK, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michael Schaerer
- INSEAD, Fontainebleau 77305, France and Singapore 138676, Singapore
| | | | | | - Lynn Wong
- INSEAD, Fontainebleau 77305, France and Singapore 138676, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jesse J Chandler
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48104, USA
| | - Erik Cheries
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 1003, USA
| | | | - Felix Cheung
- Washington University in St Louis, St Louis 63130, USA.,University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Andrei Cimpian
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003, USA
| | | | - Diana Cordon
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago 60616, USA
| | | | | | - Alice Amell
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago 60616, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jesse Graham
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089, USA
| | - Jun Gu
- Monash University, Melbourne 3145, Australia
| | - Adam Hahn
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Koeln 50931, Germany
| | | | - Nicole J Hartwich
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Koeln 50931, Germany
| | - Kristie Hein
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago 60616, USA
| | - Yoel Inbar
- University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S, Canada
| | - Lily Jiang
- University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
| | | | - Nicole Legate
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago 60616, USA
| | - Timo P Luoma
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Koeln 50931, Germany
| | | | - Peter Meindl
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matt Motyl
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60607, USA
| | | | - Hoai Huong Ngo
- Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre 92000, France
| | | | | | - Jennifer L Ray
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003, USA
| | | | | | | | - Walter Sowden
- Centre for Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring 20910, USA
| | - Daniel Storage
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign 61820, USA
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jay J Van Bavel
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003, USA
| | | | - Cong Wei
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Erik Wetter
- Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm 11383, Sweden
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Schweinsberg M, Madan N, Vianello M, Sommer SA, Jordan J, Tierney W, Awtrey E, Zhu LL, Diermeier D, Heinze JE, Srinivasan M, Tannenbaum D, Bivolaru E, Dana J, Davis-Stober CP, du Plessis C, Gronau QF, Hafenbrack AC, Liao EY, Ly A, Marsman M, Murase T, Qureshi I, Schaerer M, Thornley N, Tworek CM, Wagenmakers EJ, Wong L, Anderson T, Bauman CW, Bedwell WL, Brescoll V, Canavan A, Chandler JJ, Cheries E, Cheryan S, Cheung F, Cimpian A, Clark MA, Cordon D, Cushman F, Ditto PH, Donahue T, Frick SE, Gamez-Djokic M, Grady RH, Graham J, Gu J, Hahn A, Hanson BE, Hartwich NJ, Hein K, Inbar Y, Jiang L, Kellogg T, Kennedy DM, Legate N, Luoma TP, Maibuecher H, Meindl P, Miles J, Mislin A, Molden DC, Motyl M, Newman G, Ngo HH, Packham H, Ramsay PS, Ray JL, Sackett AM, Sellier AL, Sokolova T, Sowden W, Storage D, Sun X, Van Bavel JJ, Washburn AN, Wei C, Wetter E, Wilson CT, Darroux SC, Uhlmann EL. The pipeline project: Pre-publication independent replications of a single laboratory's research pipeline. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hunchak C, Tannenbaum D, Roberts M, Shah T, Tisma P, Ovens H, Borgundvaag B. Closing the circle of care: implementation of a web-based communication tool to improve emergency department discharge communication with family physicians. CAN J EMERG MED 2016; 17:123-30. [PMID: 25927256 DOI: 10.2310/8000.2014.141327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postdischarge emergency department (ED) communication with family physicians is often suboptimal and negatively impacts patient care. We designed and piloted an online notification system that electronically alerts family physicians of patient ED visits and provides access to visitspecific laboratory and diagnostic information. METHODS Nine (of 10 invited) high-referring family physicians participated in this single ED pilot. A prepilot chart audit (30 patients from each family physician) determined the baseline rate of paper-based record transmission. A webbased communication portal was designed and piloted by the nine family physicians over 1 year. Participants provided usability feedback via focus groups and written surveys. RESULTS Review of 270 patient charts in the prepilot phase revealed a 13% baseline rate of handwritten chart and a 44% rate of any information transfer between the ED and family physician offices following discharge. During the pilot, participant family physicians accrued 880 patient visits. Seven and two family physicians accessed online records for 74% and 12% of visits, respectively, an overall 60.7% of visits, corresponding to an overall absolute increase in receipt of patient ED visit information of 17%. The postpilot survey found that 100% of family physicians reported that they were ''often'' or ''always'' aware of patient ED visits, used the portal ''always'' or ''regularly'' to access patients' health records online, and felt that the web portal contributed to improved actual and perceived continuity of patient care. CONCLUSION Introduction of a web-based ED visit communication tool improved ED-family physician communication. The impact of this system on improved continuity of care, timeliness of follow-up, and reduced duplication of investigations and referrals requires additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Hunchak
- *Schwartz-Reisman Emergency Centre,Mount Sinai Hospital,Toronto,ON
| | - David Tannenbaum
- †The Granovsky Gluskin Family Medicine Centre,Mount Sinai Hospital,Toronto,ON
| | - Michael Roberts
- †The Granovsky Gluskin Family Medicine Centre,Mount Sinai Hospital,Toronto,ON
| | - Thrushar Shah
- ‡Information Technology,Mount Sinai Hospital,Toronto,ON
| | - Predrag Tisma
- ‡Information Technology,Mount Sinai Hospital,Toronto,ON
| | - Howard Ovens
- *Schwartz-Reisman Emergency Centre,Mount Sinai Hospital,Toronto,ON
| | - Bjug Borgundvaag
- *Schwartz-Reisman Emergency Centre,Mount Sinai Hospital,Toronto,ON
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Tannenbaum D, Doctor JN, Persell SD, Friedberg MW, Meeker D, Friesema EM, Goldstein NJ, Linder JA, Fox CR. Nudging physician prescription decisions by partitioning the order set: results of a vignette-based study. J Gen Intern Med 2015; 30:298-304. [PMID: 25394536 PMCID: PMC4351289 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-014-3051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals are rapidly adopting electronic health records (EHRs). Within EHRs, seemingly innocuous menu design configurations can influence provider decisions for better or worse. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine whether the grouping of menu items systematically affects prescribing practices among primary care providers. PARTICIPANTS We surveyed 166 primary care providers in a research network of practices in the greater Chicago area, of whom 84 responded (51% response rate). Respondents and non-respondents were similar on all observable dimensions except that respondents were more likely to work in an academic setting. DESIGN The questionnaire consisted of seven clinical vignettes. Each vignette described typical signs and symptoms for acute respiratory infections, and providers chose treatments from a menu of options. For each vignette, providers were randomly assigned to one of two menu partitions. For antibiotic-inappropriate vignettes, the treatment menu either listed over-the-counter (OTC) medications individually while grouping prescriptions together, or displayed the reverse partition. For antibiotic-appropriate vignettes, the treatment menu either listed narrow-spectrum antibiotics individually while grouping broad-spectrum antibiotics, or displayed the reverse partition. MAIN MEASURES The main outcome was provider treatment choice. For antibiotic-inappropriate vignettes, we categorized responses as prescription drugs or OTC-only options. For antibiotic-appropriate vignettes, we categorized responses as broad- or narrow-spectrum antibiotics. KEY RESULTS Across vignettes, there was an 11.5 percentage point reduction in choosing aggressive treatment options (e.g., broad-spectrum antibiotics) when aggressive options were grouped compared to when those same options were listed individually (95% CI: 2.9 to 20.1%; p = .008). CONCLUSIONS Provider treatment choice appears to be influenced by the grouping of menu options, suggesting that the layout of EHR order sets is not an arbitrary exercise. The careful crafting of EHR order sets can serve as an important opportunity to improve patient care without constraining physicians' ability to prescribe what they believe is best for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tannenbaum
- UCLA Anderson School of Management, 110 Westwood Plaza D-501, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA,
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Tai YT, Landesman Y, Acharya C, Calle Y, Zhong MY, Cea M, Tannenbaum D, Cagnetta A, Reagan M, Munshi AA, Senapedis W, Saint-Martin JR, Kashyap T, Shacham S, Kauffman M, Gu Y, Wu L, Ghobrial I, Zhan F, Kung AL, Schey SA, Richardson P, Munshi NC, Anderson KC. CRM1 inhibition induces tumor cell cytotoxicity and impairs osteoclastogenesis in multiple myeloma: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Leukemia 2014; 28:155-65. [PMID: 23588715 PMCID: PMC3883926 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The key nuclear export protein CRM1/XPO1 may represent a promising novel therapeutic target in human multiple myeloma (MM). Here we showed that chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is highly expressed in patients with MM, plasma cell leukemia cells and increased in patient cells resistant to bortezomib treatment. CRM1 expression also correlates with increased lytic bone and shorter survival. Importantly, CRM1 knockdown inhibits MM cell viability. Novel, oral, irreversible selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs) targeting CRM1 (KPT-185, KPT-330) induce cytotoxicity against MM cells (ED50<200 nM), alone and cocultured with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) or osteoclasts (OC). SINEs trigger nuclear accumulation of multiple CRM1 cargo tumor suppressor proteins followed by growth arrest and apoptosis in MM cells. They further block c-myc, Mcl-1, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity. SINEs induce proteasome-dependent CRM1 protein degradation; concurrently, they upregulate CRM1, p53-targeted, apoptosis-related, anti-inflammatory and stress-related gene transcripts in MM cells. In SCID mice with diffuse human MM bone lesions, SINEs show strong anti-MM activity, inhibit MM-induced bone lysis and prolong survival. Moreover, SINEs directly impair osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via blockade of RANKL-induced NF-κB and NFATc1, with minimal impact on osteoblasts and BMSCs. These results support clinical development of SINE CRM1 antagonists to improve patient outcome in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-T Tai
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Landesman
- Department of Biology, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Natick, MA, USA
| | - C Acharya
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Calle
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - MY Zhong
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Cea
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Tannenbaum
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Cagnetta
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Reagan
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - AA Munshi
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Senapedis
- Department of Biology, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Natick, MA, USA
| | - J-R Saint-Martin
- Department of Biology, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Natick, MA, USA
| | - T Kashyap
- Department of Biology, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Natick, MA, USA
| | - S Shacham
- Department of Biology, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Natick, MA, USA
| | - M Kauffman
- Department of Biology, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Y Gu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - I Ghobrial
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Zhan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - AL Kung
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - SA Schey
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Richardson
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - NC Munshi
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - KC Anderson
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Uhlmann EL, Zhu LL, Tannenbaum D. When it takes a bad person to do the right thing. Cognition 2012; 126:326-34. [PMID: 23142037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Three studies demonstrate that morally praiseworthy behavior can signal negative information about an agent's character. In particular, consequentialist decisions such as sacrificing one life to save an even greater number of lives can lead to unfavorable character evaluations, even when they are viewed as the preferred course of action. In Study 1, throwing a dying man overboard to prevent a lifeboat from sinking was perceived as the morally correct course of action, but led to negative aspersions about the motivations and personal character of individuals who carried out such an act. In Studies 2 and 3, a hospital administrator who decided not to fund an expensive operation to save a child (instead buying needed hospital equipment) was seen as making a pragmatic and morally praiseworthy decision, but also as deficient in empathy and moral character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Luis Uhlmann
- HEC Paris School of Management, 1, Rue de la Libération, 78351 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Tannenbaum D. Will the Triple C curriculum produce better family physicians? Yes. Can Fam Physician 2012; 58:1070-1078. [PMID: 23064910 PMCID: PMC3470493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Tannenbaum
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Family Medicine, 60 Murray St, Box 25, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9.
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Tannenbaum D. Rebuttal: will the Triple C curriculum produce better family physicians? Yes. Can Fam Physician 2012; 58:e538-e540. [PMID: 23064930 PMCID: PMC3470525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Tannenbaum
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Family Medicine, 60 Murray St, Box 25, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9.
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Saucier D, Shaw E, Kerr J, Konkin J, Oandasan I, Organek AJ, Parsons E, Tannenbaum D, Walsh AE. Competency-based curriculum for family medicine. Can Fam Physician 2012; 58:707-e361. [PMID: 22700736 PMCID: PMC3374694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Saucier
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine at Laval University in Quebec
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Shaw E, Walsh AE, Saucier D, Tannenbaum D, Kerr J, Parsons E, Konkin J, Organek AJ, Oandasan I. The last C: centred in family medicine. Can Fam Physician 2012; 58:346-e181. [PMID: 22423025 PMCID: PMC3303659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Shaw
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
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Organek AJ, Tannenbaum D, Kerr J, Konkin J, Parsons E, Saucier D, Shaw E, Walsh A. Redesigning family medicine residency in Canada: the triple C curriculum. Fam Med 2012; 44:90-97. [PMID: 22328474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite a record of excellence, Canadian family medicine residency programs must respond to the changing face of health care and the needs of the population. A working group was established by the College of Family Physicians of Canada to review the current curriculum and make recommendations for change. METHODS Literature reviews of current evidence regarding strategies in postgraduate medical education were carried out, and recent developments in medical education internationally were studied. After recommendations for curriculum change were drafted, workshops, presentations, and peer consultations were conducted over a 4-year period to test ideas and obtain stakeholder feedback. RESULTS The core recommendation of the working group is: Residency programs in family medicine are to establish a competency-based curriculum that is comprehensive, focused on continuity, and centered in family medicine--The Triple C Competency-based Curriculum. The working group developed a new framework for family medicine competency in Canada, CanMEDS-FM, to support the transition. CONCLUSIONS The Triple C Competency-based Curriculum was developed to redesign Canadian family medicine residencies based on a solid rationale. Recommendations for curricular change, as well as the competency framework, CanMEDS-FM, have been accepted enthusiastically by stakeholders. Implementation and evaluation phases are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Organek
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto.
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Walsh AE, Konkin J, Tannenbaum D, Kerr J, Organek AJ, Parsons E, Saucier D, Shaw E, Oandasan I. Comprehensive care and education. Can Fam Physician 2011; 57:1475-e493. [PMID: 22170205 PMCID: PMC3237527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allyn E Walsh
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Fox
- Anderson School, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kerr J, Walsh AE, Konkin J, Tannenbaum D, Organek AJ, Parsons E, Saucier D, Shaw E, Oandasan I. Continuity: middle C--a very good place to start. Can Fam Physician 2011; 57:1355-e459. [PMID: 22084467 PMCID: PMC3215616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
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Kerr J, Walsh AE, Konkin J, Tannenbaum D, Organek AJ, Parsons E, Saucier D, Shaw E, Oandasan I. Renewing postgraduate family medicine education: the rationale for Triple C. Can Fam Physician 2011; 57:963-e312. [PMID: 21841118 PMCID: PMC3155452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine at Queen's University in Kingston, Ont
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Small P, Frenkiel S, Becker A, Boisvert P, Bouchard J, Carr S, Cockcroft D, Denburg J, Desrosiers M, Gall R, Hamid Q, Hébert J, Javer A, Keith P, Kim H, Lavigne F, Lemiàre C, Massoud E, Payton K, Schellenberg B, Sussman G, Tannenbaum D, Watson W, Witterick I, Wright E. Rhinitis: A Practical and Comprehensive Approach to Assessment and Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.2310/7070.2006.x002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Small P, Frenkiel S, Becker A, Boisvert P, Bouchard J, Carr S, Cockcroft D, Denburg J, Desrosiers M, Gall R, Hamid Q, Hébert J, Javer A, Keith P, Kim H, Lavigne F, Lemiàre C, Massoud E, Payton K, Schellenberg B, Sussman G, Tannenbaum D, Watson W, Witterick I, Wright E. Rhinitis: An Executive Summary of a Practical and Comprehensive Approach to Assessment and Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.2310/7070.2007.x001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Curran VR, Keegan D, Parsons W, Rideout G, Tannenbaum D, Dumoulin N, Kirby F, Fleet LJ. A comparative analysis of the perceived continuing medical education needs of a cohort of rural and urban Canadian family physicians. Can J Rural Med 2007; 12:161-6. [PMID: 17662176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the perceived continuing medical education (CME) needs of a cohort of Canadian family physicians. METHODS We distributed a questionnaire survey to Canadian family physicians who became Certificant members of the College of Family Physicians in 2001 and practised outside the province of Quebec. Main outcome measures were self-reported CME needs, professional development needs and preferences for CME delivery methods. RESULTS We distributed 482 surveys and 197 questionnaires were returned for a response rate of 40.9%. Significant differences between rural and urban respondents' self-reported CME needs were found in the clinical areas of dermatology, endocrinology, emergency medicine, musculoskeletal, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, psychiatry and urology. Generally, a greater proportion of rural respondents reported significantly higher CME needs in emergency medicine. Urban respondents reported a significant preference for consulting colleagues as a method of CME, while rural respondents reported a significant preference for videoconferencing. CONCLUSION Self-reported CME needs and preferences for CME delivery methods differ on the basis of region of practice and size of the community in which family physicians' practise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon R Curran
- Centre for Collaborative Health Professional Education, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
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Del Giudice ME, Tannenbaum D, Goodwin PJ. Breast self-examination: resistance to change. Can Fam Physician 2005; 51:698-9. [PMID: 16926925 PMCID: PMC1472923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Canadian family practitioners routinely teach breast self-examination (BSE) after publication of the 2001 Canadian Preventive Health Task Force guideline advising them to exclude teaching BSE from periodic health examinations. DESIGN Self-administered cross-sectional mailed survey. SETTING Canada. PARTICIPANTS A random sample of English-speaking general practitioners and physicians certified by the College of Family Physicians of Canada. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Current and past BSE practices and opinions on the value of BSE. RESULTS Response rate was 47.4%. Most respondents (88%) were aware of the new recommendations, yet only 16% had changed their usual practice of routinely teaching BSE. Most physicians agreed that before the recommendation they almost always taught BSE (74.3%). Only 9.5% agreed that physicians should follow the recommendation and not routinely teach BSE. A few also agreed that they now spend less time discussing BSE (25.7%) and that the recommendation has influenced them to stop teaching (12.4%) and encouraging (12.9%) women to practise BSE. Physicians who had changed their BSE practices were less likely to agree that BSE increases early detection of breast cancer and more likely to agree that BSE increases benign breast biopsies. They were also more likely to agree that screening mammography in women older than 50 decreases mortality from breast cancer. CONCLUSION This survey, which assessed routine teaching of BSE, revealed poor adherence by Canadian family physicians to a well publicized evidence-based guideline update. Resistance to change could in part be attributed to a lack of knowledge of the supporting evidence, a lack of confidence in the evidence to date, and personal experiences with patients within their practices.
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Friedlich M, MacRae H, Oandasan I, Tannenbaum D, Batty H, Reznick R, Regehr G. Structured assessment of minor surgical skills (SAMSS) for family medicine residents. Acad Med 2001; 76:1241-1246. [PMID: 11739051 DOI: 10.1097/00001888-200112000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a valid and reliable examination to assess the technical proficiency of family medicine residents' performance of minor surgical office procedures. METHOD A multi-station OSCE-style examination using bench-model simulations of minor surgical procedures was developed. Participants were a randomly selected group of 33 family medicine residents (PGY-1 = 16, PGY-2 = 17) and 14 senior surgical residents who functioned as a validation group. Examiners were qualified surgeons and family physicians who used both checklists and global rating scales to score the participants' performances. RESULTS When family medicine residents were evaluated by family physicians, interstation reliabilities were .29 for checklists and .42 for global ratings. When family medicine residents were evaluated by surgeons, the reliabilities were .53 for checklists and .75 for global ratings. Interrater reliability, measured as a correlation for total examination scores, was .97. Mean scores on the examination were 60%, 64%, and 87% for PGY-1 family medicine, PGY-2 family medicine, and surgery residents, respectively. The difference in scores between family medicine and surgery residents was significant (p < .001), providing evidence of construct validity. CONCLUSION A new examination developed for assessing family medicine residents' skills with minor surgical office procedures is reliable and has evidence for construct validity. The examination has low reliability when family physicians serve as examiners, but moderate reliability when surgeons are the evaluators.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Friedlich
- Centre for Research in Education, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Ontario, Canada
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McIsaac WJ, White D, Tannenbaum D, Low DE. A clinical score to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in patients with sore throat. CMAJ 1998; 158:75-83. [PMID: 9475915 PMCID: PMC1228750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate a score based on clinical symptoms and signs for the identification of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection in general practice patients with score throat. DESIGN A single throat swab was used as the gold standard for diagnosing GAS infection. Clinical information was recorded by experienced family physicians on standardized encounter forms. Score criteria were identified by means of logistic regression modelling of data from patients enrolled in the first half of the study. The score was then validated among the remaining patients. SETTING University-affiliated family medicine centre in Toronto. PATIENTS A total of 521 patients aged 3 to 76 years presenting with a new upper respiratory tract infection from December 1995 to February 1997. OUTCOME MEASURES Sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios for identification of GAS infection with the score approach compared with throat culture. Proportion of patients prescribed antibiotics, throat culture use, and sensitivity and specificity with usual physician care and with score-based recommendations were compared. RESULTS A score was developed ranging in value from 0 to 4. The sensitivity of the score for identifying GAS infection was 83.1%, compared with 69.4% for usual physician care (p = 0.06); the specificity values of the 2 approaches were similar. Among patients aged 3 to 14 years, the sensitivity of the score approach was higher than that of usual physician care (96.9% v. 70.6%) (p < 0.05). The proportion of patients receiving initial antibiotic prescriptions would have been reduced 48% by following score-based recommendations compared with observed physician prescribing (p < 0.001), without any increase in throat culture use. CONCLUSIONS An age-appropriate sore throat score identified GAS infection in children and adults with sore throat better than usual care by family physicians, with significant reductions in unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics. A randomized trial comparing the 2 approaches is recommended to determine the ability of the score approach to reduce unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics during routine clinical encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J McIsaac
- Mount Sinai Family Medical Centre, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ont.
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Tannenbaum D, McGillivray M. Model for assessing psychosocial problems. Can Fam Physician 1996; 42:291-6. [PMID: 9222578 PMCID: PMC2146276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Model for the Assessment of Psychosocial Problems (MAPP) can help family medicine residents effectively assess patients with psychosocial problems. Following a patient-centred clinical method, MAPP provides a guide to exploring problems and an approach that allows residents and patients jointly to define problems and decide upon management. Emphasis is placed on clarifying patients' expectations of physicians.
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Roehm L, Tannenbaum D, Hankin F. Intraoperative hand retractor. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 1995; 24:444. [PMID: 7620868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A technique is described that greatly reduces the problems inherent in obtaining clear radiographs of the fingers. The method is simple, inexpensive, and readily available for use in the operating room. Additionally, it allows the surgeon to leave the operative field and stand behind a lead shield while radiographs are taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roehm
- Saline Community Hospital, Michigan, USA
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Talbot YR, Tannenbaum D. Family Orientation in Family Medicine Training: A survey of Canadian programs. Can Fam Physician 1990; 36:1962-1965. [PMID: 21233938 PMCID: PMC2280201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Teaching about the family has become an important part of the family medicine curriculum. The family orientation index, a 39-item questionnaire, was designed to evaluate the family orientation of services and care provided as well as the teaching and research. The questionnaire was distributed to 55 program directors at 16 Canadian universities. The response rate was 84%. The results indicate that the family orientation of services is less than optimal.
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Ross GF, Ohning BL, Tannenbaum D, Whitsett JA. Structural relationships of the major glycoproteins from human alveolar proteinosis surfactant. Biochim Biophys Acta 1987; 911:294-305. [PMID: 3101739 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(87)90070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar proteinosis is a disease characterized by accumulation of proteinaceous material in the alveolar space of the lung. Two major collagenase-sensitive polypeptides, alveolar proteinosis peptides of 34 kDa kilodaltons (APP-34) and of 62 kDa (APP-62), were isolated from bronchioalveolar lavage of patients with alveolar proteinosis. These proteins co-purified during fast-performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) chromatofocusing and were separated from each other by electroelution following SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunoblot analysis of these proteins demonstrated that both shared antigenic sites with the normal human surfactant-associated protein of Mr 34,000 (SAP-34) using both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies generated against SAP-34. Removal of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides from the 34 kDa and 62 kDa alveolar proteinosis proteins with endoglycosidase F resulted in polypeptides of 28 kDa from APP-34 and 56 kDa from APP-62. Amino acid analysis and tryptic peptide maps of the electroeluted APP-34 and APP-62 proteins were essentially identical and similar to that previously reported for human SAP-34, supporting the likely relationship of APP-34 and APP-62 as monomer and dimer of the normal SAP-34. APP-34 and APP-62 were both sensitive to bacterial collagenase, yielding collagenase-resistant fragments of 21 kDa, similar in migration and amino acid composition to the fragment generated by collagenase digestion of normal human SAP-34. High molecular weight aggregates of APP-34 and APP-62 were the result of sulfhydryl-dependent and non-sulfhydryl-dependent cross-linking. A domain in the C-terminal non-collagenous portion of the molecules which forms sulfhydryl-dependent oligomers was identified. The two major polypeptides accumulating in the airway of patients with alveolar proteinosis are monomeric (34 kDa) and dimeric (62 kDa) forms of the major surfactant-associated glycoprotein, SAP-34.
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Klein M, Bluman R, Tannenbaum D. What do family practice residents do in prevention and counselling? Can Fam Physician 1981; 27:682-689. [PMID: 21289718 PMCID: PMC2305942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to measure what family practice residents do in prevention and counselling during routine check-ups on adults. A series of Health Monitoring and Promotion (HMP) measures were used to assess the content of the check-up. The residents were given a sheet of guidelines in an attempt to augment performance of the HMP measures. Using one-way glass, 353 patient encounters were observed. Analysis of 171 encounters before and 182 encounters after the introduction of the guidelines showed that the guidelines positively influenced the residents' behavior by increasing the number of HMP measures performed. Preventive items of a physical nature were carried out 61.2% of the time before the introduction of the guidelines and 69.7% after, with more pronounced improvement when dealing with the 18-39 age group and among men. Similar changes occurred on historical items of a preventive type, but history-taking from women was more positively influenced. Preventive counselling was carried out 20% of the time and was uninfluenced by the guidelines. There was a high level of breast and testicle examination, but a low level of teaching self-examination. Counselling on retirement, lifestyle, 'passages' and similar issues was uninfluenced by the instrument.
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