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Paragond S, Dhatt SS, Kumar V, Zohmangaihi D, Gaurav A, Neradi D, Pal A. Prognosticating acute traumatic spinal cord injury using Neurofilament (NF), Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), and S-100B as biomarkers. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:769-775. [PMID: 37528246 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in lifelong disability. Currently, the literature suggests that biomarkers are helpful in prognosticating SCI, but there is no specific biomarker to date. This is the first study that predicted the prognosis dynamically using biomarkers. AIM To elucidate the role of biomarkers in prognosticating acute traumatic SCI. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 35 patients of acute traumatic SCI at presentation, immediate post-op, and at 6 weeks. At 6 months follow-up, patients were divided into two groups, i.e, improved and non-improved based on the improvement in the ASIA grade compared to presentation. A non-parametric test was used for comparing mean NSE, MMP-2, S100-B, and NF serum levels at presentation, immediate post-op, and 6 weeks post-op follow-up between the two groups. RESULTS There was a significant difference (p = 0.03) in the NF values at presentation between the two groups. The difference of NSE values at 6 weeks was also significant (p = 0.016) between the two groups. S-100B levels were also significantly different between both groups at presentation (p=0.016), and at the immediate post-op stage (p=0.007). MMP-2 levels neither displayed any specific trend nor any significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION Higher NF values at presentation, and higher S-100B levels at presentation and immediate post-operative period correlated with poor outcome. Also, increased NSE values after surgery are indicative of no improvement. These levels can be used at various stages to predict the prognosis. However, further studies are required on this topic extensively to know the exact cut-off values of these markers to predict the prognosis accurately. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY NUMBER REF/2020/01/030616.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Paragond
- Department of Orthopaedics, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
| | | | - Ankit Gaurav
- Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Neradi
- Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Mohindra R, K D, Kalyan M, Bora I, Soni RK, Suri V, Behera A, Saini N, Sharma V, Zohmangaihi D. The continuum of liver injury with severity of dengue fever: A retrospective observational study. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2024; 54:7-13. [PMID: 38112152 DOI: 10.1177/14782715231216157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a major international health concern prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries. There are a paucity of studies on the relationship of hepatic complications with inflammatory parameters in dengue infection. METHODS Single-centre observational study was conducted at the tertiary care centre in North India. Patients (>12 years) diagnosed with dengue infection between August and November 2021 were enrolled in the study. The frequency of hepatic derangements and their associations with inflammatory severity was analysed. RESULTS Based on the clinical symptoms, 170 patients were classified into three categories, namely, dengue fever, warning dengue and severe dengue. Higher incidence of liver dysfunction was observed in severe dengue patients with median values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (3051 U/L, p < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (1792 U/L, p = 0.009), alkaline phosphatase (172 U/L, p = 0.001), T.Bil (34.2 µmol/L, p < 0.001), albumin (30 g/L, <0.001), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (152 U/L, p < 0.001) along with inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) (43 mg/dL, p < 0.001) highly deranged, in comparison to patients with/without warning signs. Median levels of CRP were found to be positively and significantly correlated with the median levels of AST and ALT (p < 0.05, r = 0.99) in all three categories of dengue patients. Liver injury was noted in 107 (63%) of the cohort, and mixed type of liver injury involving both hepatocellular and cholestatic patterns was observed as the most common type of injury (n = 50, 29.4%). Liver injury correlated with the severity of dengue illness as about 85% of severe dengue patients had significant liver injury (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION In dengue patients, the association of the liver injury with inflammatory severity suggests that the mechanism of liver injury may be related to inflammatory response apart from the hepatotropic nature of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritin Mohindra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divyashree K
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhur Kalyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ishani Bora
- Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Roop Kishore Soni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Suri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Behera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neha Saini
- University Institute of Agricultural Sciences (UIAS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepy Zohmangaihi
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Kajal K, Premkumar M, Izzy M, Kulkarni AV, Duseja AK, Divyaveer S, Loganathan S, Sihag B, Gupta A, Bahl A, Rathi S, Taneja S, De A, Verma N, Sharma N, Kaur H, Zohmangaihi D, Kumar V, Bhujade H, Chaluvashetty SB, Kalra N. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy influences clinical outcomes and enhances performance of conventional risk prediction models in acute-on-chronic liver failure with severe sepsis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 58:903-919. [PMID: 37688403 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Point-of-care echocardiography (POC-Echo) is an essential intensive care hemodynamic monitoring tool. AIMS To assess POC-Echo parameters [i.e., cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) markers] and serum biomarkers in predicting circulatory failure (need for vasopressors) and mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) having sepsis-induced hypotension. METHODS We performed serial POC-Echo within 6 hours (h) of presentation and subsequently at 24, 48 and 72 h in patients with ACLF and sepsis-induced hypotension admitted to our liver intensive care unit. Clinical data, POC-Echo data and serum biomarkers were collected prospectively. RESULTS We enrolled 120 patients [59% men, aged 49 ± 12 years, 56% alcohol-related disease and median MELDNa of 30 (27-32)], of whom 68 (56.6%) had circulatory failure, with overall mortality of 60%. CCM was present in 52.5%. The predictors of circulatory failure were CI (aHR -1.5; p = 0.021), N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (aHR -1.1; p = 0.007) and CCM markers; e' septal mitral velocity (aHR -0.5; p = 0.039) and E/e' ratio (aHR -1.2; p = 0.045). Reduction in CI by 20% and SVRI by 15% at 72 h predicted mortality with a sensitivity of 84% and 72%, and specificity 76% and 65%, respectively (p < 0.001). The MELD-CCM model and CLIF-CCM model were computed as MELDNa + 1.815 × E/e' (septal) + 0.402 × e' (septal) and CLIF-C ACLF + 1.815 × E/e' (septal) + 0.402 × e' (septal), respectively, based on multivariable logistic regression. Both scores outperformed MELDNa (z-score = -2.073, p = 0.038) and CLIF-C ACLF score (z score = -2.683, p-value = 0.007), respectively, in predicting 90-day mortality. CONCLUSION POC-Echo measurements such as CCM markers (E/e' and e' velocity) and change in CI reliably predict circulatory failure and mortality in ACLF with severe sepsis. CCM markers significantly enhanced the CLIF-C ACLF and MELDNa predictive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kajal
- Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhumita Premkumar
- Departments of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manhal Izzy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anand V Kulkarni
- Department of Hepatology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Duseja
- Departments of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Smita Divyaveer
- Departments of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sekar Loganathan
- Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhupendra Sihag
- Departments of Cardiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Departments of Cardiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Bahl
- Departments of Cardiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sahaj Rathi
- Departments of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Taneja
- Departments of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arka De
- Departments of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nipun Verma
- Departments of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navneet Sharma
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Departments of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepy Zohmangaihi
- Departments of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishesh Kumar
- Departments of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harish Bhujade
- Departments of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sreedhara B Chaluvashetty
- Departments of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naveen Kalra
- Departments of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Muthu V, Kumar M, Paul RA, Zohmangaihi D, Choudhary H, Rudramurthy SM, Panda NK, Pannu AK, Sharma N, Sharma S, Chakrabarti A, Agarwal R. Is there an association between zinc and COVID-19-associated mucormycosis? Results of an experimental and clinical study. Mycoses 2021; 64:1291-1297. [PMID: 34420245 PMCID: PMC8661931 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enormous increase in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) in India lacks an explanation. Zinc supplementation during COVID-19 management is speculated as a contributor to mucormycosis. We conducted an experimental and clinical study to explore the association of zinc and mucormycosis. METHODS We inoculated pure isolates of Rhizopus arrhizus obtained from subjects with CAM on dichloran rose Bengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar enriched with (three different concentrations) and without zinc. At 24 h, we counted the viable colonies and measured the dry weight of colonies at 24, 48 and 72 h. We also compared the clinical features and serum zinc levels in 29 CAM cases and 28 COVID-19 subjects without mucormycosis (controls). RESULTS We tested eight isolates of R arrhizus and noted a visible increase in growth in zinc-enriched media. A viable count percentage showed a significantly increased growth in four of the eight isolates in zinc-augmented DRBC agar. A time- and concentration-dependent increase in the mean fungal biomass with zinc was observed in all three isolates tested. We enrolled 29 cases of CAM and 28 controls. The mean serum zinc concentration was below the reference range in all the subjects and was not significantly different between the cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS Half of the R arrhizus isolates grew better with zinc enrichment in vitro. However, our study does not conclusively support the hypothesis that zinc supplementation contributed to the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. More data, both in vitro and in vivo, may resolve the role of zinc in the pathogenesis of CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valliappan Muthu
- Department of Pulmonary MedicinePost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Mohan Kumar
- Department of Internal MedicinePost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Raees A. Paul
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Deepy Zohmangaihi
- Department of BiochemistryPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Hansraj Choudhary
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | | | - Naresh K. Panda
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Ashok Kumar Pannu
- Department of Internal MedicinePost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Navneet Sharma
- Department of Internal MedicinePost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- Department of BiochemistryPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Pulmonary MedicinePost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
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Chidananda MK, Zohmangaihi D, Ram S, SoniSuri SLV, Malhotra P, Jassal RS, Kaur J, Verma I, Sharma S. Correction to: Combined Analysis of Anti SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM Responses in COVID19 Patients in India. Indian J Clin Biochem 2021; 36:501. [PMID: 34253944 PMCID: PMC8262580 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-021-00993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohana Kumari Chidananda
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepy Zohmangaihi
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sant Ram
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shiv Lal Vikas SoniSuri
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravjit Singh Jassal
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Indu Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Pal R, Ram S, Zohmangaihi D, Biswas I, Suri V, Yaddanapudi LN, Malhotra P, Soni SL, Puri GD, Bhalla A, Bhadada SK. High Prevalence of Hypocalcemia in Non-severe COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:590805. [PMID: 33490095 PMCID: PMC7817940 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.590805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare serum total calcium and phosphate levels in patients with non-severe COVID-19 with age, sex, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level matched healthy adult cohort. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, medical records of patients (≥18 years) diagnosed as non-severe COVID-19 admitted at and discharged from our tertiary care institution during the period from April 10, 2020 and June 20, 2020 were retrieved. Baseline investigations, notably, serum calcium, phosphate, albumin, magnesium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and C-reactive protein (CRP), were performed at admission before any form of calcium or vitamin D supplementation were considered. The biochemical parameters were compared with age, sex, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D matched healthy adult controls (1:1 ratio) derived from the Chandigarh Urban Bone Epidemiological Study (CUBES). Results: After exclusion, 72 patients with non-severe COVID-19 (63 mild and 9 moderate disease) and an equal number of healthy controls were included in the final analysis. Age, sex, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and albumin levels were matched between the 2 groups. Hypovitaminosis D and hypocalcemia were seen in 97 and 67% of the patients, respectively. The patients had lower serum calcium (P value <0.001) and phosphate (P = 0.007) compared with the controls. There was no statistically significant correlation between serum calcium and CRP. Conclusions: Hypocalcemia is highly prevalent even in COVID-19 patients with non-severe disease probably implying that hypocalcemia is intrinsic to the disease. Prospective studies with larger number of patients are required to prove this hypothesis and unravel the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimesh Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sant Ram
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepy Zohmangaihi
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Indranil Biswas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Suri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Laxmi N. Yaddanapudi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shiv L. Soni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Goverdhan D. Puri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Bhalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay K. Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Pal R, Sachdeva N, Mukherjee S, Suri V, Zohmangaihi D, Ram S, Puri GD, Bhalla A, Soni SL, Pandey N, Bhansali A, Bhadada SK. Impaired anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in non-severe COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus: A preliminary report. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:193-196. [PMID: 33385765 PMCID: PMC7762626 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) often demonstrate impaired antibody response to influenza/hepatitis B vaccines. Hence, we compared anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in non-severe COVID-19 patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Records of non-severe COVID-19 patients admitted at our institution between April 10, 2020 and May 20, 2020 were retrieved. Qualitative detection of total (IgG + IgM) anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was performed using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay in plasma samples collected at least 14 days post-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmation of diagnosis. RESULTS Thirty-one non-severe COVID-19 patients were included. Nine patients (29%) had T2DM with mean HbA1c at admission of 8.3 ± 1.0%. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was estimated at a median of 16 (14-17) days post-PCR confirmation of COVID-19 diagnosis. Only three patients (10%) were seronegative, and all had T2DM. Patients with T2DM were more likely to have non-detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies than those without DM (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 patients with T2DM may not undergo seroconversion even after two weeks of diagnosis. Impaired seroconversion could theoretically increase the risk of reinfections in patients with DM. However, the finding requires validation in large-scale studies involving serial estimations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients with and without DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimesh Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Soham Mukherjee
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Vikas Suri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Deepy Zohmangaihi
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sant Ram
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Goverdhan Dutt Puri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ashish Bhalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Shiv Lal Soni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Navin Pandey
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Saini RK, Saini N, Ram S, Soni SL, Suri V, Malhotra P, Kaur J, Verma I, Sharma S, Zohmangaihi D. COVID-19 associated variations in liver function parameters: a retrospective study. Postgrad Med J 2020; 98:91-97. [PMID: 33184141 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characteristics of laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients are of great significance for diagnosis and treatment. Studies that have analysed the variations in hepatic profile in correlation with the inflammatory markers in SARS-CoV-2 are limited. METHODS We retrospectively analysed liver function tests and inflammatory markers of 170 admitted patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the tertiary care centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), India, using Roche Cobas Autoanalyzer. RESULTS Number of patients with normal liver enzyme levels were 63 (41.5%), while with raised levels of any of the liver enzymes were 89 (58.5%), out of which 43 (48.31%) had liver injury which manifested as increased severity in terms of intensive care unit (ICU) requirement (p=0.0005). Significantly raised levels of liver enzymes and liver injury were observed with age (p<0.0001) and in males (p=0.004). Significantly decreased levels of albumin and total proteins and increased levels of total bilirubin (p<0.0001) were seen in patients with abnormal liver enzyme levels and liver injury as compared to patients with normal levels. Significant increase in the levels of alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transferase was seen on the 7th day, CRP and ferritin (p<0.0001) peaks were observed on 2nd and 3rd day respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the levels of these inflammatory markers and liver function parameters. CONCLUSIONS More than half of patients admitted to the hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection had an abnormal liver function which was found to be associated with raised levels of inflammatory markers. Significantly higher proportions of patients with abnormal liver function were elderly and males and were at higher risk of progressing to severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Krishan Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neha Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sant Ram
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shiv Lal Soni
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Suri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Indu Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepy Zohmangaihi
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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9
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Kankaria A, Duggal M, Gupta PC, Jamir L, Kumar A, Singh N, Saxena P, Zohmangaihi D, Grover S, Das R, Ram J. Nutritional Status and Micro Nutrient Deficiencies Among adolescents: A Pilot Study from Northern India (P18-101-19). Curr Dev Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz039.p18-101-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To study the nutritional status and prevalence of RBC folate, Serum folate and vitamin D deficiency among adolescents.
Methods
A cross sectional pilot study was carried out among 96 adolescents visiting outpatient department for refraction at tertiary care hospital in North India. Anthropometric data was obtained for height in centimetres and weight in kilograms. A pretested questionnaire was used to capture quantitative data. Venous blood samples were collected where red blood cell (RBC), serum folate and serum Vitamin D concentrations were measured. Anaemia was defined as normal, mild, moderate and severe as Hb > 12gm/dl, 11–11.9 gm/dl, 8–10.9 gm/dl and < 8 gm/dl respectively. Serum folate deficiency was defined as serum folate < 7 nmol/l, and RBC folate deficiency and insufficiency were defined as RBC folate < 305 nmol/l and & < 748 nmol/l, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency was defined as 25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml, 20–29 ng/ml and ≥ 30 ng/ml respectively. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used.
Results
Almost 46% of adolescents were malnourished (10.4% were underweight, 35.4% were overweight or obese) and mean BMI was 19.7 kg/meter2 however it did not differ significantly across gender. As compared to boys more girls were vegetarian by diet. The mean concentrations for Hb, serum folate and RBC folate were 12.7 (95% CI: 12.4, 13.0) gm/dl, 15.1 (95% CI 12.5, 17.7) nmol/L and 492.9 (95% CI 431.9, 553.9) nmol/L, respectively. Mean concentration for Hb was significantly different across gender (p – 0.0). Around 17% of adolescents were anaemic, 60% were deficient for serum folate and 79% were deficient for RBC folate. Mean serum vitamin D levels were 18 ng/dl (95% CI: 17.0, 22.3) no significant difference found across gender. A total of 62.5% were deficient and 28% were insufficient for vitamin D (ng/ml). Around 50% of the adolescents lack adequate sleep (<8 hours) and increase vitamin D levels were associated with increase sleep duration (r-0.02, p-0.02).
Conclusions
The nutritional status of adolescents in this study is poor and reflects a need to conduct a community-based study which can help in planning strategies to improve nutritional status during critical period of adolescence
Funding Sources
nil.
Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kankaria
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Chandigarh
| | - Mona Duggal
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Advanced Eye Centre, Chandigarh
| | | | | | - Akash Kumar
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Chandigarh
| | - Neha Singh
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, School of Public Health, Chandigarh
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