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Petrakova VV, Kireev VV, Onuchin DV, Sarychev IA, Shutov VV, Kuzmich AA, Bornosuz NV, Gorlov MV, Pavlov NV, Shapagin AV, Khasbiullin RR, Sirotin IS. Benzoxazine Monomers and Polymers Based on 3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane: Synthesis and Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1421. [PMID: 33924847 PMCID: PMC8125557 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal the effect of chlorine substituents in the ring of aromatic amine on the synthesis process of benzoxazine monomer and on its polymerization ability, as well as to develop a fire-resistant material, a previously unreported benzoxazine monomer based on 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane was obtained in toluene and mixture toluene/isopropanol. The resulting benzoxazine monomers were thermally cured for 2 h at 180 °C, 4 h at 200 °C, 2 h at 220 °C. A comparison between the rheological, thermal and fire-resistant properties of the benzoxazines based on 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and, for reference, 4,4'-diaminodimethylmethane was made. The effect of the reaction medium on the structure of the oligomeric fraction and the overall yield of the main product were studied and the toluene/ethanol mixture was found to provide the best conditions; however, in contrast to most known diamine-based benzoxazines, synthesis in the pure toluene is also possible. The synthesized monomers can be used as thermo- and fire-resistant binders for polymer composite materials, as well as hardeners for epoxy resins. Chlorine-containing polybenzoxazines require more severe conditions for polymerization but have better fire resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria V. Petrakova
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Vyacheslav V. Kireev
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Denis V. Onuchin
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Igor A. Sarychev
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials, 105275 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav V. Shutov
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Anastasia A. Kuzmich
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Natalia V. Bornosuz
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Mikhail V. Gorlov
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Nikolay V. Pavlov
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Alexey V. Shapagin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (R.R.K.)
| | - Ramil R. Khasbiullin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (R.R.K.)
| | - Igor S. Sirotin
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
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Bornosuz NV, Gorbunova IY, Petrakova VV, Shutov VV, Kireev VV, Onuchin DV, Sirotin IS. Isothermal Kinetics of Epoxyphosphazene Cure. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020297. [PMID: 33477707 PMCID: PMC7831929 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of epoxycyclophosphazene modifier on the process of epoxy-amine curing was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The study revealed that the curing process of epoxyphosphazene binders with 4′4′diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) provides more complete curing of the formulations in comparison with ones applying low molecular-weight polyamide curing agent (L-20). The isothermal kinetics of curing was described by means of model fitting and the isoconversional approach (Friedman method). Accurate n-order approximation was obtained for all systems under study. In particular, the 2-order equation fits well with the main part of curing excluding high degrees of conversion. The process of curing could be distinguished into three zones. The transition from zone 2 to zone 3 correlates with gelation. According to the isoconversional analysis by Friedman method, the diffusion-controlled mechanism is found at final stage of curing.
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Bornosuz NV, Gorbunova IY, Kireev VV, Onuchin DV, Kerber ML, Petrakova VV, Kryuchkov IA, Nevskiy RE, Sokovishin AV, Khammatova VV, Sirotin IS. The Curing Rheokinetics of Epoxyphosphazene Binders. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E5685. [PMID: 33322789 PMCID: PMC7764217 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of epoxyphosphazene-modifying additives on the features of the hot curing process of epoxy-amine composition was studied by the rotational viscometry method. The modification caused an acceleration of the curing process, changed rheokinetics of viscosity increase, especially the stage molecular mass growth of linear chains became almost twice shorter for composition with 30% modifier than for unmodified one. We suggest the reason for these changes is the polyfunctionality of epoxyphosphazene, which finally results in high-density network formation. In cold curing process the bulkiness of epoxyphosphazene molecule and the lack of heat for its motion results in incomplete cure. Thus, in order to cope with these difficulties hot curing systems were proposed and studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Bornosuz
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.B.); (I.Y.G.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Irina Yu. Gorbunova
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.B.); (I.Y.G.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Vyacheslav V. Kireev
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.B.); (I.Y.G.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Denis V. Onuchin
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.B.); (I.Y.G.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Mikhail L. Kerber
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.B.); (I.Y.G.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Viktoria V. Petrakova
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.B.); (I.Y.G.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Ivan A. Kryuchkov
- Division of Materials Science, Dukhov Automatics Research Institute (VNIIA), 125047 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.K.); (R.E.N.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Roman E. Nevskiy
- Division of Materials Science, Dukhov Automatics Research Institute (VNIIA), 125047 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.K.); (R.E.N.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Alexey V. Sokovishin
- Division of Materials Science, Dukhov Automatics Research Institute (VNIIA), 125047 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.K.); (R.E.N.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Venera V. Khammatova
- Design Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420111 Tatarstan, Russia;
| | - Igor S. Sirotin
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.B.); (I.Y.G.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.)
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