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Ribeiro FWM, Omari I, Thomas GT, Paul M, Williams PJH, McIndoe JS, Correra TC. Microstructural Analysis of Benzoxazine Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization Pathways. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300470. [PMID: 37716013 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an evaluation of the initial step of benzoxazine polymerization is presented by mass spectrometry, with a focus on differentiating the phenoxy and phenolic products formed by distinct pathways of the cationic ring opening polymerization (ROP) mechanism of polybenzoxazine formation. The use of infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) techniques allows for differentiation of the two pathways and provides valuable insights into the ROP mechanism. The results suggest that type I pathway is favored in the initial stages of the reaction yielding the phenoxy product, while type II product should be observed at later stages when the phenoxy product would interconvert to the most stable type II phenolic product. Overall, the findings presented here provide important information on the initial step of the benzoxazine polymerization, allowing the development of optimal polymerization conditions and represents a way to evaluate other multifunctional polymerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco W M Ribeiro
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Isaac Omari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Gilian T Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Mathias Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Peter J H Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - J Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Thiago C Correra
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Rudyanto M, Ekowati J, Widiandani T, Syahrani A. In vivo anticancer activity of benzoxazine and aminomethyl compounds derived from eugenol. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2511. [PMID: 37492555 PMCID: PMC10365666 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Indonesia is the world's primary producer of clove. In order to find new utilization for clove and new biologically active compounds, eugenol, the main constituent of clove, has been converted to its derivatives. Objective This study aims to examine in vivo anticancer activity of benzoxazine and aminomethyl compounds derived from eugenol. Methods Fibrosarcoma was induced by injection of benzo(a)pyrene solution. The test compounds were given per oral at 20, 40, and 80 mg/Kg body weight, once a day for 30 days. Results As a result, all the tested compounds showed activity in reducing the cancer incidence rate. All the tested compounds were also found to reduce tumor weight. Benzoxazine derivatives gave slightly better activity compared to aminomethyl derivatives. The strongest activity was exhibited by 6-allyl-3-(furan-2- ylmethyl)-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo(e)(1,3)oxazine. Conclusions All four benzoxazine and aminomethyl compounds derived from eugenol that were tested exhibited anticancer activity in mice fibrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcellino Rudyanto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Juni Ekowati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Tri Widiandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Syahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Chatterjee I, Ali K, Panda G. A Synthetic Overview of Benzoxazines and Benzoxazepines as Anticancer Agents. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200617. [PMID: 36598081 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazines and benzoxazepines are nitrogen and oxygen-containing six and seven-membered benzo-fused heterocyclic scaffolds, respectively. Benzoxazepines and benzoxazines are well-known pharmacophores in pharmaceutical chemistry, which are of significant interest and have been extensively studied because of their promising activity against various diseases including their wide range of anticancer activity. Several reports are known for synthesizing benzoxazine and benzoxazepine-based compounds in the literature. Herein this review provides a critical analysis of synthetic strategies towards benzoxazines and benzoxazepines along with various ranges of anticancer activities based on these molecules that have been reported from 2010 onwards. This review also focuses on the structure-activity relationship of the benzoxazine and benzoxazepine scaffolds containing bioactive compounds and describes how the structural modification affects their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Chatterjee
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Kasim Ali
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Gautam Panda
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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Liu H, An T, Zhao Y, Du X, Bi X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Wen J. Benzoxazines in the Root Exudates Responsible for Nonhost Disease Resistance of Maize to Phytophthora sojae. Phytopathology 2022; 112:1537-1544. [PMID: 35113672 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-21-0508-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that the root exudates of nonhost maize inhibit Phytophthora sojae because of the presence of benzoxazines in maize roots. To understand the concentrations of benzoxazines (Bxs) in maize root exudates and the molecular mechanism of P. sojae being inhibited, the transcriptomes of P. sojae responding to three different Bxs, 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA), and benzoxazolinone (BOA), were analyzed by RNA sequencing method. We detected DIMBOA, MBOA, and BOA with a concentration range of 7 to 126 μg/ml in root exudates of three tested maize cultivars (A6565, Pengyu 1, and Xianyu 696). DIMBOA, MBOA, and BOA inhibited chemotaxis and invasiveness of P. sojae zoospores and mycelial growth. The inhibition was regulated mainly by endocytosis and the calcium signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and mTOR signaling pathway; meanwhile, the glutathione signaling pathway was activated to increase the antioxidant capacity and efflux of toxic substances. It was speculated that endocytosis plays an important role in the response of P. sojae to Bxs, and the specific functions of genes in this pathway must be further studied. This result provides new insights into the response mechanisms of P. sojae response to Bxs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixu Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tai An
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuming Du
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqi Bi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoqun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhi Wen
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
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Mollan KR, Pence BW, Xu S, Edwards JK, Mathews WC, O'Cleirigh C, Crane HM, Eaton EF, Collier AC, Weideman AMK, Westreich D, Cole SR, Tierney C, Bengtson AM. Transportability From Randomized Trials to Clinical Care: On Initial HIV Treatment With Efavirenz and Suicidal Thoughts or Behaviors. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:2075-2084. [PMID: 33972995 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In an analysis of randomized trials, use of efavirenz for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was associated with increased suicidal thoughts/behaviors. However, analyses of observational data have found no evidence of increased risk. To assess whether population differences might explain this divergence, we transported the effect of efavirenz use from these trials to a specific target population. Using inverse odds weights and multiple imputation, we transported the effect of efavirenz on suicidal thoughts/behaviors in these randomized trials (participants were enrolled in 2001-2007) to a trials-eligible cohort of US adults initiating antiretroviral therapy while receiving HIV clinical care at medical centers between 1999 and 2015. Overall, 8,291 cohort participants and 3,949 trial participants were eligible. Prescription of antidepressants (19% vs. 13%) and injection drug history (16% vs. 10%) were more frequent in the cohort than in the trial participants. Compared with the effect in trials, the estimated hazard ratio for efavirenz on suicidal thoughts/behaviors was attenuated in our target population (trials: hazard ratio (HR) = 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.4); transported: HR = 1.8 (95% CI: 0.9, 4.4)), whereas the incidence rate difference was similar (trials: HR = 5.1 (95% CI: 1.6, 8.7); transported: HR = 5.4 (95% CI: -0.4, 11.4)). In our target population, there was greater than 20% attenuation of the hazard ratio estimate as compared with the trials-only estimate. Transporting results from trials to a target population is informative for addressing external validity.
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Sulistyowaty MI, Widyowati R, Putra GS, Budiati T, Matsunami K. Synthesis, ADMET predictions, molecular docking studies, and in-vitro anticancer activity of some benzoxazines against A549 human lung cancer cells. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:385-392. [PMID: 34214332 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to synthesize a series of benzoxazines (1-5) to be examined as an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor by in-silico study. The overexpression of EGFR causes the growth of normal lung cells to become uncontrollable, which may lead to cancer formation. We also conducted the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretions and toxicity (ADMET) properties evaluation and also examined in vitro anticancer assay on human lung cancer cells line, which is A549. METHODS Benzoxazines (1-5) were synthesized by reacting anthranilic acid and benzoyl chlorides. The structures of the compounds were determined with 1H, 13C-NMR, HRMS, UV and FT-IR spectrometric methods. Prediction of ADMET was using online pkCSM, and the molecular docking studies were using MVD with EGFR-TKIs as the target (PDB ID: 1M17). In vitro assay of anticancer activity was performed by MTT assay. RESULTS Compounds 1-5 were successfully synthesized in good yields (71-84%). The ADMET prediction showed that benzoxazines are able to be absorbed through GIT, metabolized by CYP 450, and not hepatotoxic. The title compounds have a greater Moldock Score than Erlotinib, and 3 has the highest activity against A549 compared with other benzoxazines, IC50=36.6 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Compound (3) more active as anticancer against Human cancer cells line compared with other benzoxazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanny Ika Sulistyowaty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Retno Widyowati
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Galih Satrio Putra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Stikes Rumah Sakit Anwar Medika, Sidoarjo, Indonesia
| | - Tutuk Budiati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Petrakova VV, Kireev VV, Onuchin DV, Sarychev IA, Shutov VV, Kuzmich AA, Bornosuz NV, Gorlov MV, Pavlov NV, Shapagin AV, Khasbiullin RR, Sirotin IS. Benzoxazine Monomers and Polymers Based on 3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane: Synthesis and Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1421. [PMID: 33924847 PMCID: PMC8125557 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal the effect of chlorine substituents in the ring of aromatic amine on the synthesis process of benzoxazine monomer and on its polymerization ability, as well as to develop a fire-resistant material, a previously unreported benzoxazine monomer based on 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane was obtained in toluene and mixture toluene/isopropanol. The resulting benzoxazine monomers were thermally cured for 2 h at 180 °C, 4 h at 200 °C, 2 h at 220 °C. A comparison between the rheological, thermal and fire-resistant properties of the benzoxazines based on 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and, for reference, 4,4'-diaminodimethylmethane was made. The effect of the reaction medium on the structure of the oligomeric fraction and the overall yield of the main product were studied and the toluene/ethanol mixture was found to provide the best conditions; however, in contrast to most known diamine-based benzoxazines, synthesis in the pure toluene is also possible. The synthesized monomers can be used as thermo- and fire-resistant binders for polymer composite materials, as well as hardeners for epoxy resins. Chlorine-containing polybenzoxazines require more severe conditions for polymerization but have better fire resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria V. Petrakova
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Vyacheslav V. Kireev
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Denis V. Onuchin
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Igor A. Sarychev
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials, 105275 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav V. Shutov
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Anastasia A. Kuzmich
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Natalia V. Bornosuz
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Mikhail V. Gorlov
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Nikolay V. Pavlov
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Alexey V. Shapagin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (R.R.K.)
| | - Ramil R. Khasbiullin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (R.R.K.)
| | - Igor S. Sirotin
- Faculty of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.P.); (V.V.K.); (D.V.O.); (I.A.S.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.B.); (M.V.G.); (N.V.P.)
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Trejo-Machin A, Cosas Fernandes JP, Puchot L, Balko S, Wirtz M, Weydert M, Verge P. Synthesis of Novel Benzoxazines Containing Sulfur and Their Application in Rubber Compounds. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1262. [PMID: 33924584 PMCID: PMC8069091 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis and successful use of novel benzoxazines as reinforcing resins in polyisoprene rubber compounds. For this purpose, three new dibenzoxazines containing one (4DTP-fa) or two heteroatoms of sulfur (3DPDS-fa and 4DPDS-fa) were synthesized following a Mannich condensation reaction. The structural features of each benzoxazine precursor were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman. The new precursors showed well suited reactivity as characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheology and were incorporated in rubber compounds. After the mixing, the curing profiles, morphologies and mechanical properties of the materials were tested. These results show that the structural feature of each isomer was significantly affecting its behavior during the curing of the rubber compounds. Among the tested benzoxazines, 3DPDS-fa exhibited the best ability to reinforce the rubber compound even compared to common phenolic resin. These results prove the feasibility to reinforce rubber compounds with benzoxazine resins as a possible alternative to replace conventional phenolic resins. This paper provides the first guide to use benzoxazines as reinforcing resins for rubber applications, based on their curing kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acerina Trejo-Machin
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (A.T.-M.); (J.P.C.F.); (L.P.)
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - João Paulo Cosas Fernandes
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (A.T.-M.); (J.P.C.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Puchot
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (A.T.-M.); (J.P.C.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Suzanne Balko
- Goodyear Innovation Center Luxembourg, L-7750 Colmar-Berg, Luxembourg; (S.B.); (M.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Marcel Wirtz
- Goodyear Innovation Center Luxembourg, L-7750 Colmar-Berg, Luxembourg; (S.B.); (M.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Marc Weydert
- Goodyear Innovation Center Luxembourg, L-7750 Colmar-Berg, Luxembourg; (S.B.); (M.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Pierre Verge
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (A.T.-M.); (J.P.C.F.); (L.P.)
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Bornosuz NV, Gorbunova IY, Kireev VV, Bilichenko YV, Chursova LV, Svistunov YS, Onuchin DV, Shutov VV, Petrakova VV, Kolenchenko AA, Nguyen DT, Pavlov NV, Orlov AV, Grebeneva TA, Sirotin IS. Synthesis and Application of Arylaminophosphazene as a Flame Retardant and Catalyst for the Polymerization of Benzoxazines. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:263. [PMID: 33466828 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel type of phosphazene containing an additive that acts both as a catalyst and as a flame retardant for benzoxazine binders is presented in this study. The synthesis of a derivative of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCP) and meta-toluidine was carried out in the medium of the latter, which made it possible to achieve the complete substitution of chlorine atoms in the initial HCP. Thermal and flammability characteristics of modified compositions were investigated. The modifier catalyzes the process of curing and shifts the beginning of reaction from 222.0 °C for pure benzoxazine to 205.9 °C for composition with 10 phr of modifier. The additive decreases the glass transition temperature of compositions. Achievement of the highest category of flame resistance (V-0 in accordance with UL-94) is ensured both by increasing the content of phenyl residues in the composition and by the synergistic effect of phosphorus and nitrogen. A brief study of the curing kinetics disclosed the complex nature of the reaction. An accurate two-step model is obtained using the extended Prout–Tompkins equation for both steps.
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10
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Rodríguez RB, Iguchi D, Erra-Balsells R, Salum ML, Froimowicz P. Design and Effects of the Cinnamic Acids Chemical Structures as Organocatalyst on the Polymerization of Benzoxazines. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071527. [PMID: 32660123 PMCID: PMC7407967 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the catalytic effect of the two geometric isomers of a cinnamic acid derivative, E and Z-forms of 3-methoxycinnamic acid (3OMeCA), analyzing the influence of their chemical structures. E and Z-3OMeCA isomers show very good catalytic effect in the polymerization of benzoxazines, decreasing by 40 and 55 °C, respectively, the polymerization temperatures, for catalyst contents of up to 10% w/w. Isothermal polymerizations show that polymerizations are easily realized and analyzed at temperatures as low as 130 °C and at much shorter times using Z-3OMeCA instead of E-3OMeCA. Thus, both cinnamic acids are good catalysts, with Z-3OMeCA being better. The molecular reasons for this difference and mechanistic implications in benzoxazine polymerizations are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío B. Rodríguez
- Design and Chemistry of Macromolecules Group, Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnology (ITPN), UBA-CONICET, FADU, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón III, subsuelo, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (R.B.R.); (D.I.)
| | - Daniela Iguchi
- Design and Chemistry of Macromolecules Group, Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnology (ITPN), UBA-CONICET, FADU, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón III, subsuelo, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (R.B.R.); (D.I.)
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, 3er piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina;
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Pabellón II, 3er piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - M. Laura Salum
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, 3er piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina;
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Pabellón II, 3er piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
- Correspondence: (M.L.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Pablo Froimowicz
- Design and Chemistry of Macromolecules Group, Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnology (ITPN), UBA-CONICET, FADU, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón III, subsuelo, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (R.B.R.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.S.); (P.F.)
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11
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Gharpure SJ, Naveen S, Samala G, Vishwakarma DS. Transition-Metal Acetate-Promoted Intramolecular Nitrene Insertion to Vinylogous Carbonates for Divergent Synthesis of Azirinobenzoxazoles and Benzoxazines. Chemistry 2019; 25:1456-1460. [PMID: 30489663 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and isolation of highly unstable azirinobenzoxazole and benzoxazines in a chemodivergent fashion from aryl azido vinylogous carbonates by simple change in transition metal acetate is described. Thermal or rhodium(II) acetate-mediated decomposition of these azides gave dihydroazirino benzoxazole. Their nickel(II) acetate-promoted reaction gave 4-dihydro-2H-benzoxazines, whereas copper(II) acetate led to the corresponding oxidized imine derivatives. Benzaoxazine derivative could be kinetically resolved using a proline-catalyzed Mannich reaction. The benzoxazines were rapidly elaborated to angularly fused tetracyclic systems and coumarin-fused derivatives in a "one pot" fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, India
| | - Sudi Naveen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, India
| | - Ganesh Samala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, India
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12
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Arslan M, Kiskan B, Yagci Y. Ring-Opening Polymerization of 1,3- Benzoxazines via Borane Catalyst. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E239. [PMID: 30966274 PMCID: PMC6415064 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane was used as Lewis acid catalyst to lower the ring opening polymerization temperature (ROP) of 1,3-benzoxazines. Dynamic scanning calorimeter studies revealed that on-set ROP temperatures were decreased as much as 98 °C for model benzoxazine compounds. Catalytic polymerization was traced by both FTIR and ¹H NMR, and revealed that tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane acted rapidly and fast curing achieved. Moreover, thermal properties of resulting polybenzoxazines were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and found out that the catalyst has high impact on char yield and even 3 mol % catalyst augmented char yields up to 13%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Baris Kiskan
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
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13
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Rivera A, Cepeda-Santamaría JE, Ríos-Motta J, Bolte M. Crystal structure of 2,2'-(ethane-1,2-di-yl)bis-(2,3-di-hydro-1 H-naphtho-[1,2- e][1,3]oxazine): a prospective raw material for poly benzoxazines. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2017; 73:832-834. [PMID: 28638638 PMCID: PMC5458303 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989017006673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C26H24N2O2, the oxazine moiety is fused to a naphthalene ring system. The asymmetric unit consists of one half of the mol-ecule, which lies about an inversion centre. The C atoms of the ethyl-ene spacer group adopt an anti-periplanar arrangement. The oxazine ring adopts a half-chair conformation. In the crystal, supra-molecular chains running along the b axis are formed via short C-H⋯π contacts. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin with a fractional contribution of 0.168 (2) of the minor twin component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Rivera
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Cra 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, Código Postal 111321, Colombia
| | - Juan E. Cepeda-Santamaría
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Cra 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, Código Postal 111321, Colombia
| | - Jaime Ríos-Motta
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Cra 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, Código Postal 111321, Colombia
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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14
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Rivera A, Rojas JJ, Ríos-Motta J, Bolte M. C-I⋯N short contacts as tools for the construction of the crystal packing in the crystal structure of 3,3'-(ethane-1,2-di-yl)bis-(6-iodo-3,4-di-hydro-2 H-1,3-benzoxazine). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2017; 73:664-666. [PMID: 28529771 PMCID: PMC5418779 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989017005047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H18I2N2O2, consists of one half-mol-ecule, completed by the application of inversion symmetry. The mol-ecule adopts the typical structure for this class of bis-benxozazines, characterized by an anti orientation of the two benzoxazine rings around the central C-C bond. The oxazinic ring adopts a half-chair conformation. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-I⋯N short contacts [I⋯N = 3.378 (2) Å], generating layers lying parallel to the bc plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Rivera
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Cra 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, Código Postal 111321, Colombia
| | - Jicli José Rojas
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Cra 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, Código Postal 111321, Colombia
| | - Jaime Ríos-Motta
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Cra 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, Código Postal 111321, Colombia
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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15
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Han YJ, Lin CY, Liang M, Liu YL. Radical and Atom Transfer Halogenation (RATH): A Facile Route for Chemical and Polymer Functionalization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:845-50. [PMID: 27027639 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a new halogenation reaction through sequential radical and halogen transfer reactions, named as "radical and atom transfer halogenation" (RATH). Both benzoxazine compounds and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) have been demonstrated as active species for RATH. Consequently, the halogenated compound becomes an active initiator of atom transfer radical polymerization. Combination of RATH and sequential ATRP provides an convenient and effective approach to prepare reactive and crosslinkable polymers. The RATH reaction opens a new window both to chemical synthesis and molecular design and preparation of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, #101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, #101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Mong Liang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia Yi University, #300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ling Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, #101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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16
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Yuan YC, Yang HB, Tang XY, Wei Y, Shi M. Unprecedented Oxycyanation of Methylenecyclopropanes for the Facile Synthesis of Benzoxazine Compounds Containing a Cyano Group. Chemistry 2016; 22:5146-50. [PMID: 26868457 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel intramolecular oxycyanation of methylenecyclopropanes is reported that proceeds through oxidative cleavage of the N-CN bond and subsequent palladium transfer from N to O of the amide group. A range of substituted benzo[d][1,3]oxazines with a cyano group are readily furnished by this newly developed oxycyanation reaction. Tris(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)phosphine as a ligand has been found to be crucial to effectively promote the transformation with high chemo- and regioselectivity. Moreover, the reaction outcome can be significantly affected by the electronic effect of the acyl group attached to the nitrogen atom of methylenecyclopropanes. When R(3) is a chloromethyl group, the pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoline derivative is obtained by thermal-induced [3+2] cycloaddition of methylenecyclopropane to the methanediimine intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hai-Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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17
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Froimowicz P, Zhang K, Ishida H. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Benzoxazines: When Structural Design Becomes Functional. Chemistry 2016; 22:2691-707. [PMID: 26797690 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The future evolution of benzoxazines and polybenzoxazines as advanced molecular, structural, functional, engineering, and newly commercial materials depends to a great extent on a deeper and more fundamental understanding at the molecular level. In this contribution, the field of benzoxazines is briefly introduced along with a more detailed review of ortho-amide-functional benzoxazines, which are the main subjects of this article. Provided in this article are the detailed and solid scientific evidences of intramolecular five-membered-ring hydrogen bonding, which is supposed to be responsible for the unique and characteristic features exhibited by this ever-growing family of ortho-functionalized benzoxazines. One-dimensional (1D) (1)H NMR spectroscopy was used to study various concentrations of benzoxazines in various solvents with different hydrogen-bonding capability and at various temperatures to investigate in detail the nature of hydrogen bonding in both ortho-amide-functionalized benzoxazine and its para counterpart. These materials were further investigated by two-dimensional (2D) (1)H-(1)H nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) to verify and support the conclusions derived during the 1D (1)H NMR experiments. Only highly purified single-crystal benzoxazine samples have been used for this study to avoid additional interactions caused by any impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Froimowicz
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106-7202, USA. .,Design and Chemistry of Macromolecules Group, Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnologies (ITPN), UBA-CONICET, School of Engineering, University of Buenos Aires, Las Heras 2214, CP 1127AAR, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106-7202, USA.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106-7202, USA.
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18
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González-Rodríguez C, Suárez JR, Varela JA, Saá C. Nucleophilic addition of amines to ruthenium carbenes: ortho-(alkynyloxy)benzylamine cyclizations towards 1,3- benzoxazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2724-8. [PMID: 25640908 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new ruthenium-catalyzed cyclization of ortho-(alkynyloxy)benzylamines to dihydro-1,3-benzoxazines is reported. The cyclization is thought to take place via the vinyl ruthenium carbene intermediates which are easily formed from [Cp*RuCl(cod)] and N2 CHSiMe3 . The mild reaction conditions and the efficiency of the procedure allow the easy preparation of a broad range of new 2-vinyl-2-substituted 1,3-benzoxazine derivatives. Rearrangement of an internal C(sp) in the starting material into a tetrasubstituted C(sp(3) ) atom in the final 1,3-benzoxazine is highly remarkable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos González-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela (Spain) http://www.usc.es/gi1603/saa
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