Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Among Muslim High School Students in Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Indonesia

Purpose

This study aims to identify the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination uptake and the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among Muslim high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Patients and Methods

A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted for high school students. The population in this study were Muslim students grade 11 and 12 at secondary high school living and studying in Jakarta Metropolitan area. A total of 440 samples have been selected using non-probability sampling. In this study, the independent variables were factors associated with vaccination behaviors that were derived from the HBM and TPB theories, while the dependent variables were vaccination uptake and vaccination intention. Factors associated with the dependent variables have been identified using chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests.

Results

About 65% respondents had received COVID-19 vaccine and 72% of those who had not received COVID-19 vaccine had the intention to receive the vaccine. Some of the behavioral model variables such as the perceived susceptibility score, perceived severity score, perceived benefits score, perceived barriers score, self-efficacy score, attitude score, and social norms score were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among high school students. Furthermore, all of the behavioral model variables, ie, perceived susceptibility score, perceived severity score, perceived benefits score, perceived barriers score, cues to action score, self-efficacy score, attitude score, social norms score, and perceived behavioral control score were significantly associated with an intention of being vaccinated.

Conclusion

The vaccination for students can be set in more affordable locationsfor example, in schools. In addition, efforts to increase student knowledge regarding the effectiveness and safety of vaccines and the dangers of COVID-19 should be sustained.

Determinan Stres Kerja pada Aparatur Sipil Negara Dinas Pendidikan Kota Cilegon Saat Work From Home di Era Pandemi COVID-19 Tahun 2020

Work stress is a serious problem that results in a emotional mental disorder rate of 9.8% in Indonesia. State civil apparatus (ASN) is a group of workers who are at risk of experiencing work stress. Work stress is caused by employees who perform the work from home (WFH) system, so that employees feel pressured and have an excessive workload on adjusting changes in the learning system in schools due to COVID-19. This study aimed to find the determinant of work stress on the ASN at Department of Education of Cilegon City during WFH on March-May 2020. This study used a cross sectional study with 73 respondents. The statistical tests used in the study are the Chi-square test. The result shows that respondents who experienced very heavy stress and severe stress were 22 people (30.1%). In addition, at α 5%, age variable (p-value = 0.024 ; OR = 8), years of service (p-value = 0.032), job demand (p-value = 0000; OR = 11.45), social support (p-value = 0.012; OR = 8), interpersonal relationship (p-value = 0.008; OR = 4.81), and changes to the organization (p-value = 0.008; OR = 5.33) have a significant relationship with very heavy work stress and severe stress. Based on this research, it is suggested to the head of service to accept the obstacles and difficulties of tasks experienced by employees by opening a consulting service at regular meeting as a means of channeling anxiety experienced by employees and ensuring that employees understand the reasons for proposed internal mutation by holding a question and answer session during internal meeting.  Abstrak Stres kerja menjadi masalah serius yang mengakibatkan angka gangguan mental emosional sebesar 9,8% di Indonesia. Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) merupakan kelompok pekerja yang berisiko mengalami stres kerja. Stres kerja disebabkan oleh pegawai yang melakukan sistem kerja work from home (WFH), sehingga pegawai merasa tertekan dan memiliki beban kerja berlebih terhadap penyesuaian perubahan sistem pembelajaran di sekolah akibat COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi stres kerja pada ASN Dinas Pendidikan Kota Cilegon saat WFH di era pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 73 pegawai. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret-Mei 2020. Uji statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden yang mengalami stres sangat berat dan stres berat sebanyak 22 orang (30,1%). Selain itu, pada derajat kepercayaan (α) 5%, variabel umur (p-value=0,024 ; OR=8), masa kerja (p-value=0,019 ; OR=7,18), tuntutan pekerjaan (p-value=0,000 ; OR=11,45), dukungan sosial (p-value=0,012 ; OR=8), hubungan interpersonal (p-value=0,008 ; OR=4,81), dan perubahan pada organisasi (p-value=0,008 ; OR=5,33) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan stres kerja sangat berat dan stres berat. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, disarankan kepada kepala dinas dapat menerima kendala dan kesulitan tugas yang dialami pegawai dengan membuka layanan konsultasi pada saat pertemuan rutin sebagai sarana penyalur kegelisahan yang dialami pegawai dan memastikan bahwa pegawai memahami alasan mutasi internal yang diusulkan dengan mengadakan sesi tanya jawab ketika rapat internal.

Use of antibiotics for common illnesses among children aged under 5 years in a rural community in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

Background

The incidence of antimicrobial resistance has been increasing worldwide in the past decades, which includes resistance to bacteria that cause common childhood illnesses, such as acute respiratory infections and diarrhea. Numerous children with those common illnesses are treated with antibiotics. However, in such cases, antibiotic treatment is not required. Community-based studies focusing on antibiotic use among children are still limited. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of antibiotic use for common childhood illnesses and to investigate factors associated with antibiotic use in children under 5 years old as well as female caregivers in a rural community in Indonesia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 334 children in three villages of Banten Province, located in the western part of Java Island, was conducted in May 2018. Female caregivers who were responsible for providing medications to children were interviewed. We obtained information such as demographic data, any common clinical illness within the last 30 days, and antibiotic usage during an episode of illness. We excluded children with underlying disease that require a regular follow-up and children who were hospitalized in the last 30 days in the analysis. Antibiotic use answered by female caregivers was verified by checking its package or showing photos of various antibiotics to the female caregivers. Crushed antibiotics were confirmed with health professionals.

Results

A total of 203 children had clinical symptoms, and the most common symptom was fever and respiratory symptoms. In total, 49.3% received antibiotics, and 66% of them were prescribed by private health professionals. Only two children received antibiotics without a prescription. The most common antibiotic used among children was amoxicillin.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of antibiotic use was observed in children under 5 years of age, and the major source to obtain antibiotics was to consult health professionals. Training on appropriate antibiotic use must be conducted for health professionals in not only public but also private sectors.