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Blanco E, Ruiz-Rudolph P, Yohannessen K, Ayala S, Quinteros ME, Delgado-Saborit JM, Blazquez CA, Iglesias V, Zapata DA, Bartington SE, Harrison RM, Ossa X. Temporal and Spatial Trends of Adverse Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in a Sample of Births from a Public Hospital in Chile. J Urban Health 2023; 100:513-524. [PMID: 37213068 PMCID: PMC10322795 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding temporal and spatial trends in pregnancy and birth outcomes within an urban area is important for the monitoring of health indicators of a population. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all births in the public hospital of Temuco, a medium-sized city in Southern Chile between 2009 and 2016 (n = 17,237). Information on adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, as well as spatial and maternal characteristics (insurance type, employment, smoking, age, and overweight/obesity), was collected from medical charts. Home addresses were geocoded and assigned to neighborhood. We tested whether births and prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes changed over time, whether birth events were spatially clustered (Moran's I statistic), and whether neighborhood deprivation was correlated to outcomes (Spearman's rho). We observed decreases in eclampsia, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and small for gestational age, while gestational diabetes, preterm birth, and low birth weight increased over the study period (all p < 0.01 for trend), with little changes after adjusting for maternal characteristics. We observed neighborhood clusters for birth rate, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Neighborhood deprivation was negatively correlated with low birth weight and preterm birth, but not correlated with eclampsia, preeclampsia, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, small for gestational age, gestational diabetes, nor stillbirth. Several encouraging downward trends and some increases in adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, which, overall, were not explained by changes in maternal characteristics were observed. Identified clusters of higher adverse birth outcomes may be used to evaluate preventive health coverage in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sociedad y Salud y Núcleo Milenio de Sociomedicina, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research, (CR)2, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Ruiz-Rudolph
- Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Yohannessen
- Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Salvador Ayala
- PhD Program in Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Elisa Quinteros
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay S/N, Talca, Chile
- PhD Program in Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit
- Perinatal Epidemiology, Environmental Health and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, S/N, 12071, Castellón de La Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Michael Uren Biomedical Engineering Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Carola A Blazquez
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Verónica Iglesias
- Programa de Epidemiología, Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diana Alcántara Zapata
- PhD Program in Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Suzanne E Bartington
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roy M Harrison
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ximena Ossa
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Centro de Excelencia CIGES, Universidad de La Frontera, Claro Solar 115, Temuco, Chile.
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Zapata DA, Pacheco-Castro A, Torres PS, Ramiro AR, San José E, Alarcón B, Alibaud L, Rubin B, Toribio ML, Regueiro JR. Conformational and biochemical differences in the TCR.CD3 complex of CD8(+) versus CD4(+) mature lymphocytes revealed in the absence of CD3gamma. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:35119-28. [PMID: 10574994 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.49.35119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes are believed to build and express essentially identical surface alphabeta T-cell receptor-CD3 (TCR.CD3) complexes. However, TCR.CD3 expression has been shown to be more impaired in CD8(+) cells than in CD4(+) cells when CD3gamma is absent in humans or mice. We have addressed this paradox by performing a detailed phenotypical and biochemical analysis of the TCR.CD3 complex in human CD3gamma-deficient CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. The results indicated that the membrane TCR.CD3 complex of CD8(+) T lymphocytes was conformationally different from that of CD4(+) lymphocytes in the absence of CD3gamma. In addition, CD8(+), but not CD4(+), CD3gamma-deficient T lymphocytes were shown to contain abnormally glycosylated TCRbeta proteins, together with a smaller, abnormal TCR chain (probably incompletely processed TCRalpha). These results suggest the existence of hitherto unrecognized biochemical differences between mature CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes in the intracellular control of alphabetaTCR. CD3 assembly, maturation, or transport that are revealed when CD3gamma is absent. Such lineage-specific differences may be important in receptor-coreceptor interactions during antigen recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Zapata
- Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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