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Arellano DH, Brito R, Morais CCA, Ruiz-Rudolph P, Gajardo AIJ, Guiñez DV, Lazo MT, Ramirez I, Rojas VA, Cerda MA, Medel JN, Illanes V, Estuardo NR, Bruhn AR, Brochard LJ, Amato MBP, Cornejo RA. Pendelluft in hypoxemic patients resuming spontaneous breathing: proportional modes versus pressure support ventilation. Ann Intensive Care 2023; 13:131. [PMID: 38117367 PMCID: PMC10733241 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-023-01230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internal redistribution of gas, referred to as pendelluft, is a new potential mechanism of effort-dependent lung injury. Neurally-adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) and proportional assist ventilation (PAV +) follow the patient's respiratory effort and improve synchrony compared with pressure support ventilation (PSV). Whether these modes could prevent the development of pendelluft compared with PSV is unknown. We aimed to compare pendelluft magnitude during PAV + and NAVA versus PSV in patients with resolving acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS Patients received either NAVA, PAV + , or PSV in a crossover trial for 20-min using comparable assistance levels after controlled ventilation (> 72 h). We assessed pendelluft (the percentage of lost volume from the non-dependent lung region displaced to the dependent region during inspiration), drive (as the delta esophageal swing of the first 100 ms [ΔPes 100 ms]) and inspiratory effort (as the esophageal pressure-time product per minute [PTPmin]). We performed repeated measures analysis with post-hoc tests and mixed-effects models. RESULTS Twenty patients mechanically ventilated for 9 [5-14] days were monitored. Despite matching for a similar tidal volume, respiratory drive and inspiratory effort were slightly higher with NAVA and PAV + compared with PSV (ΔPes 100 ms of -2.8 [-3.8--1.9] cm H2O, -3.6 [-3.9--2.4] cm H2O and -2.1 [-2.5--1.1] cm H2O, respectively, p < 0.001 for both comparisons; PTPmin of 155 [118-209] cm H2O s/min, 197 [145-269] cm H2O s/min, and 134 [93-169] cm H2O s/min, respectively, p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Pendelluft magnitude was higher in NAVA (12 ± 7%) and PAV + (13 ± 7%) compared with PSV (8 ± 6%), p < 0.001. Pendelluft magnitude was strongly associated with respiratory drive (β = -2.771, p-value < 0.001) and inspiratory effort (β = 0.026, p < 0.001), independent of the ventilatory mode. A higher magnitude of pendelluft in proportional modes compared with PSV existed after adjusting for PTPmin (β = 2.606, p = 0.010 for NAVA, and β = 3.360, p = 0.004 for PAV +), and only for PAV + when adjusted for respiratory drive (β = 2.643, p = 0.009 for PAV +). CONCLUSIONS Pendelluft magnitude is associated with respiratory drive and inspiratory effort. Proportional modes do not prevent its occurrence in resolving ARDS compared with PSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Arellano
- Departamento de Medicina, Unidad de Pacientes Críticos, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 999, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Brito
- Departamento de Medicina, Unidad de Pacientes Críticos, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 999, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caio C A Morais
- Divisao de Pneumologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto Do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Pablo Ruiz-Rudolph
- Programa de Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Abraham I J Gajardo
- Departamento de Medicina, Unidad de Pacientes Críticos, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 999, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dannette V Guiñez
- Departamento de Medicina, Unidad de Pacientes Críticos, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 999, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marioli T Lazo
- Departamento de Medicina, Unidad de Pacientes Críticos, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 999, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ivan Ramirez
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica A Rojas
- Departamento de Medicina, Unidad de Pacientes Críticos, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 999, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
| | - María A Cerda
- Departamento de Medicina, Unidad de Pacientes Críticos, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 999, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan N Medel
- Departamento de Medicina, Unidad de Pacientes Críticos, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 999, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Illanes
- Departamento de Medicina, Unidad de Pacientes Críticos, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 999, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nivia R Estuardo
- Departamento de Medicina, Unidad de Pacientes Críticos, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 999, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro R Bruhn
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Acute Respiratory Critical Illness (ARCI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Laurent J Brochard
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcelo B P Amato
- Divisao de Pneumologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto Do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Cornejo
- Departamento de Medicina, Unidad de Pacientes Críticos, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 999, 8380456, Santiago, Chile.
- Center of Acute Respiratory Critical Illness (ARCI), Santiago, Chile.
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Quinteros ME, Blazquez C, Ayala S, Kilby D, Cárdenas-R JP, Ossa X, Rosas-Diaz F, Stone EA, Blanco E, Delgado-Saborit JM, Harrison RM, Ruiz-Rudolph P. Development of Spatio-Temporal Land Use Regression Models for Fine Particulate Matter and Wood-Burning Tracers in Temuco, Chile. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:19473-19486. [PMID: 37976408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning is common in much of the world, and in some areas, residential wood-burning has increased. However, air pollution resulting from biomass burning is an important public health problem. A sampling campaign was carried out between May 2017 and July 2018 in over 64 sites in four sessions, to develop a spatio-temporal land use regression (LUR) model for fine particulate matter (PM) and wood-burning tracers levoglucosan and soluble potassium (Ksol) in a city heavily impacted by wood-burning. The mean (sd) was 46.5 (37.4) μg m-3 for PM2.5, 0.607 (0.538) μg m-3 for levoglucosan, and 0.635 (0.489) μg m-3 for Ksol. LUR models for PM2.5, levoglucosan, and Ksol had a satisfactory performance (LOSOCV R2), explaining 88.8%, 87.4%, and 87.3% of the total variance, respectively. All models included sociodemographic predictors consistent with the pattern of use of wood-burning in homes. The models were applied to predict concentrations surfaces and to estimate exposures for an epidemiological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elisa Quinteros
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca, 3460000, Chile
- Programa Doctorado en Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Santiago, 1025000, Chile
| | - Carola Blazquez
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, 2531015, Chile
| | - Salvador Ayala
- Programa Doctorado en Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Santiago, 1025000, Chile
- Departamento Agencia Nacional de Dispositivos Médicos, Innovación y Desarrollo, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Marathon 1000, Ñuñoa, Santiago 0000000000, Chile
| | - Dylan Kilby
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Cárdenas-R
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Obras Civiles, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
- Facultad de Arquitectura, Construcción y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile
| | - Ximena Ossa
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Centro de Excelencia CIGES, Universidad de la Frontera, Caro Solar 115, Temuco, 4780000, Chile
| | - Felipe Rosas-Diaz
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de Los Garza 66451, Nuevo León, México
| | - Elizabeth A Stone
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Estela Blanco
- Programa Doctorado en Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Santiago, 1025000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Sociedad y Salud and Núcleo Milenio de Sociomedicina, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, 7510041, Chile
| | - Juana-María Delgado-Saborit
- Perinatal Epidemiology, Environmental Health and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Castellon Spain
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Birmingham B152TT, U.K
| | - Roy M Harrison
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Birmingham B152TT, U.K
- Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pablo Ruiz-Rudolph
- * Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Santiago 1025000, Chile
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Basoalto R, Damiani LF, Jalil Y, Bachmann MC, Oviedo V, Alegría L, Valenzuela ED, Rovegno M, Ruiz-Rudolph P, Cornejo R, Retamal J, Bugedo G, Thille AW, Bruhn A. Physiological effects of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy after extubation: a randomized crossover study. Ann Intensive Care 2023; 13:104. [PMID: 37851284 PMCID: PMC10584771 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-023-01203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prophylactic high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy can decrease the risk of extubation failure. It is frequently used in the postextubation phase alone or in combination with noninvasive ventilation. However, its physiological effects in this setting have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to determine comprehensively the effects of HFNC applied after extubation on respiratory effort, diaphragm activity, gas exchange, ventilation distribution, and cardiovascular biomarkers. METHODS This was a prospective randomized crossover physiological study in critically ill patients comparing 1 h of HFNC versus 1 h of standard oxygen after extubation. The main inclusion criteria were mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h due to acute respiratory failure, and extubation after a successful spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). We measured respiratory effort through esophageal/transdiaphragmatic pressures, and diaphragm electrical activity (ΔEAdi). Lung volumes and ventilation distribution were estimated by electrical impedance tomography. Arterial and central venous blood gases were analyzed, as well as cardiac stress biomarkers. RESULTS We enrolled 22 patients (age 59 ± 17 years; 9 women) who had been intubated for 8 ± 6 days before extubation. Respiratory effort was significantly lower with HFNC than with standard oxygen therapy, as evidenced by esophageal pressure swings (5.3 [4.2-7.1] vs. 7.2 [5.6-10.3] cmH2O; p < 0.001), pressure-time product (85 [67-140] vs. 156 [114-238] cmH2O*s/min; p < 0.001) and ΔEAdi (10 [7-13] vs. 14 [9-16] µV; p = 0.022). In addition, HFNC induced increases in end-expiratory lung volume and PaO2/FiO2 ratio, decreases in respiratory rate and ventilatory ratio, while no changes were observed in systemic hemodynamics, Troponin T, or in amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic application of HFNC after extubation provides substantial respiratory support and unloads respiratory muscles. Trial registration January 15, 2021. NCT04711759.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roque Basoalto
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 6º Piso, P.O. Box 114D, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Red Salud UC-CHRISTUS, Santiago, Chile
- CardioREspirAtory Research Laboratory (CREAR), Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Felipe Damiani
- CardioREspirAtory Research Laboratory (CREAR), Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yorschua Jalil
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 6º Piso, P.O. Box 114D, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
- CardioREspirAtory Research Laboratory (CREAR), Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Consuelo Bachmann
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 6º Piso, P.O. Box 114D, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
- CardioREspirAtory Research Laboratory (CREAR), Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vanessa Oviedo
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 6º Piso, P.O. Box 114D, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leyla Alegría
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 6º Piso, P.O. Box 114D, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Salud del Adulto y Senescente, Escuela de. Enfermería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio Daniel Valenzuela
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 6º Piso, P.O. Box 114D, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Rovegno
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 6º Piso, P.O. Box 114D, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Ruiz-Rudolph
- Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Cornejo
- Unidad de Pacientes Críticos, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Acute Respiratory Critical Illness (ARCI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Retamal
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 6º Piso, P.O. Box 114D, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Acute Respiratory Critical Illness (ARCI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Bugedo
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 6º Piso, P.O. Box 114D, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
| | - Arnaud W Thille
- Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402 IS-ALIVE, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Alejandro Bruhn
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 6º Piso, P.O. Box 114D, 8330077, Santiago, Chile.
- Center of Acute Respiratory Critical Illness (ARCI), Santiago, Chile.
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Blanco E, Ruiz-Rudolph P, Yohannessen K, Ayala S, Quinteros ME, Delgado-Saborit JM, Blazquez CA, Iglesias V, Zapata DA, Bartington SE, Harrison RM, Ossa X. Temporal and Spatial Trends of Adverse Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in a Sample of Births from a Public Hospital in Chile. J Urban Health 2023; 100:513-524. [PMID: 37213068 PMCID: PMC10322795 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding temporal and spatial trends in pregnancy and birth outcomes within an urban area is important for the monitoring of health indicators of a population. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all births in the public hospital of Temuco, a medium-sized city in Southern Chile between 2009 and 2016 (n = 17,237). Information on adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, as well as spatial and maternal characteristics (insurance type, employment, smoking, age, and overweight/obesity), was collected from medical charts. Home addresses were geocoded and assigned to neighborhood. We tested whether births and prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes changed over time, whether birth events were spatially clustered (Moran's I statistic), and whether neighborhood deprivation was correlated to outcomes (Spearman's rho). We observed decreases in eclampsia, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and small for gestational age, while gestational diabetes, preterm birth, and low birth weight increased over the study period (all p < 0.01 for trend), with little changes after adjusting for maternal characteristics. We observed neighborhood clusters for birth rate, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Neighborhood deprivation was negatively correlated with low birth weight and preterm birth, but not correlated with eclampsia, preeclampsia, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, small for gestational age, gestational diabetes, nor stillbirth. Several encouraging downward trends and some increases in adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, which, overall, were not explained by changes in maternal characteristics were observed. Identified clusters of higher adverse birth outcomes may be used to evaluate preventive health coverage in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sociedad y Salud y Núcleo Milenio de Sociomedicina, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research, (CR)2, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Ruiz-Rudolph
- Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Yohannessen
- Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Salvador Ayala
- PhD Program in Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Elisa Quinteros
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay S/N, Talca, Chile
- PhD Program in Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit
- Perinatal Epidemiology, Environmental Health and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, S/N, 12071, Castellón de La Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Michael Uren Biomedical Engineering Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Carola A Blazquez
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Verónica Iglesias
- Programa de Epidemiología, Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diana Alcántara Zapata
- PhD Program in Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Suzanne E Bartington
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roy M Harrison
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ximena Ossa
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Centro de Excelencia CIGES, Universidad de La Frontera, Claro Solar 115, Temuco, Chile.
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Blanco E, Marcela M, Nuñez L, Retamal E, Ossa X, Woolley KE, Oludotun T, Bartington SE, Delgado-Saborit JM, Harrison RM, Ruiz-Rudolph P, Quinteros ME. Adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e21. [PMID: 35509645 PMCID: PMC9060182 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To estimate the point prevalence and likely ranges of pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birth weight and preterm delivery in Latin America and the Caribbean, and evaluate the heterogeneity of the estimates. Methods. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies reporting the prevalence of maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes in populations in Latin American and the Caribbean published between 2000 and 2019 in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. We searched PubMed, Embase, and LILACS. We estimated the point prevalence and evaluated overall heterogeneity and, in sub-group analyses, heterogeneity by study design and level of bias. Results. Of 1087 records retrieved, 50 articles were included in the review: two on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, 14 on pre-eclampsia, six on gestational diabetes, nine on low birth weight and 19 on preterm birth. No meta-analysis for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy could be done because of the small number of studies. Point prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birth weight, and preterm birth were: 6.6% (95% CI: 4.9%, 8.6%), 8.5% (95% CI: 3.9%, 14.7%), 8.5% (95% CI: 7.2%, 9.8%), and 10.0% (95% CI: 8.0%, 12.0%), respectively. We observed substantial heterogeneity overall and by study design. No major differences in estimates were observed by level of bias. Conclusions. The results of this study provide updated estimates of some of the most prevalent adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean. They highlight that important heterogeneity exists in prevalence estimates, which may reflect the diversity of populations in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Blanco
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontifica Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marin Marcela
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Loreto Nuñez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Erika Retamal
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ximena Ossa
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Centro de Excelencia CIGES, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Katherine E. Woolley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Tosin Oludotun
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Suzanne E. Bartington
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Roy M. Harrison
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Ruiz-Rudolph
- Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Quinteros ME, Blazquez C, Rosas F, Ayala S, García XMO, Delgado-Saborit JM, Harrison RM, Ruiz-Rudolph P, Yohannessen K. Quality of automatic geocoding tools: a study using addresses from hospital record files in Temuco, Chile. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2022; 38:e00288920. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00288920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Automatic geocoding methods have become popular in recent years, facilitating the study of the association between health outcomes and the place of living. However, rather few studies have evaluated geocoding quality, with most of them being performed in the US and Europe. This article aims to compare the quality of three automatic online geocoding tools against a reference method. A subsample of 300 handwritten addresses from hospital records was geocoded using Bing, Google Earth, and Google Maps. Match rates were higher (> 80%) for Google Maps and Google Earth compared with Bing. However, the accuracy of the addresses was better for Bing with a larger proportion (> 70%) of addresses with positional errors below 20m. Generally, performance did not vary for each method for different socioeconomic status. Overall, the methods showed an acceptable, but heterogeneous performance, which may be a warning against the use of automatic methods without assessing quality in other municipalities, particularly in Chile and Latin America.
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Herrera-Soto A, Jury N, Maher BA, González-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, Ruiz-Rudolph P, van Zundert B, Varela-Nallar L. Reduced repressive epigenetic marks, increased DNA damage and Alzheimer's disease hallmarks in the brain of humans and mice exposed to particulate urban air pollution. Environ Res 2020; 183:109226. [PMID: 32045727 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollutants is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD pathological hallmarks and cognitive deficits are documented in children and young adults in polluted cities (e.g. Metropolitan Mexico City, MMC). Iron-rich combustion- and friction-derived nanoparticles (CFDNPs) that are abundantly present in airborne particulate matter pollution have been detected in abundance in the brains of young urbanites. Epigenetic gene regulation has emerged as a candidate mechanism linking exposure to air pollution and brain diseases. A global decrease of the repressive histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs) H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 (H3K9me2/me3) has been described both in AD patients and animal models. Here, we evaluated nuclear levels of H3K9me2/me3 and the DNA double-strand-break marker γ-H2AX by immunostaining in post-mortem prefrontal white matter samples from 23 young adults (age 29 ± 6 years) who resided in MMC (n = 13) versus low-pollution areas (n = 10). Lower H3K9me2/me3 and higher γ-H2A.X staining were present in MMC urbanites, who also displayed the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. Transmission electron microscopy revealed abundant CFDNPs in neuronal, glial and endothelial nuclei in MMC residents' frontal samples. In addition, mice exposed to particulate air pollution (for 7 months) in urban Santiago (Chile) displayed similar brain impacts; reduced H3K9me2/me3 and increased γ-H2A.X staining, together with increased levels of AD-related tau phosphorylation. Together, these findings suggest that particulate air pollution, including metal-rich CFDNPs, impairs brain chromatin silencing and reduces DNA integrity, increasing the risk of developing AD in young individuals exposed to high levels of particulate air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Herrera-Soto
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICB), Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 183, 8370071, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nur Jury
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICB), Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 183, 8370071, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, 8330036, Santiago, Chile
| | - Barbara A Maher
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Pablo Ruiz-Rudolph
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, 8380453, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brigitte van Zundert
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICB), Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 183, 8370071, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, 8330036, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Lorena Varela-Nallar
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICB), Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 183, 8370071, Santiago, Chile.
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8
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Yohannessen K, Pinto-Galleguillos D, Parra-Giordano D, Agost A, Valdés M, Smith LM, Galen K, Arain A, Rojas F, Neitzel RL, Ruiz-Rudolph P. Health Assessment of Electronic Waste Workers in Chile: Participant Characterization. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16030386. [PMID: 30700055 PMCID: PMC6388190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Little research has been done to evaluate the occupational health of electronic waste (e-waste) recycling workers in Latin America. The objective of this study was to complete comprehensive health evaluations on e-waste recycling workers in Chile and to compare those that work in informal (i.e., independent) to those that work in formal (i.e., established company) settings. A cross-sectional study in the summer of 2017 recruited 78 informal recycling workers from two cities and 15 formal e-waste recycling workers from a single recycling facility to assess exposures and health outcomes. Participants completed a health questionnaire and underwent a full health assessment. Herein, only health questionnaire data are reported. Participants were primarily male, middle-aged, married with children, and had worked in e-waste recycling for an average of 12 years. Participants generally reported good health status, and their prevalence of chronic diseases was comparable to national rates. Workers frequently reported exposures to several occupational stressors, including noise and insufficient income, as well as other mental health stressors. Occupational injuries were commonly reported and use of safety equipment was low. Only a few significant differences, generally of a rather small magnitude, were found between informal and formal workers. In conclusion, from survey data, we did not identify major risks to health among e-waste workers, and only minor differences between workers in informal and formal settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Yohannessen
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Daniela Pinto-Galleguillos
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Denisse Parra-Giordano
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Amaranta Agost
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Macarena Valdés
- Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Lauren M Smith
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Katherine Galen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Aubrey Arain
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Felipe Rojas
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Richard L Neitzel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Pablo Ruiz-Rudolph
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
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9
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Prieto-Parra L, Yohannessen K, Brea C, Vidal D, Ubilla CA, Ruiz-Rudolph P. Air pollution, PM 2.5 composition, source factors, and respiratory symptoms in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children in Santiago, Chile. Environ Int 2017; 101:190-200. [PMID: 28202226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the association of respiratory symptoms and medication use and exposure to various air pollutants, PM2.5 components, and source factors in a panel of asthmatic and nonasthmatic children in Santiago, Chile. To this end, 174 children (90 asthmatics and 84 nonasthmatics) were followed throughout the winter months of 2010 and 2011. During the study period, children filled out daily diaries to record respiratory symptoms and medication use. Air pollution data were obtained from government central site measurements and a PM2.5 characterization campaign. PM2.5 source factors were obtained using positive matrix factorization (PMF). Associations of symptoms and exposure to pollutants and source-factor daily scores were modeled separately for asthmatic and nonasthmatic children using mixed logistic regression models with random intercepts, controlling for weather, day of the week, year, and viral outbreaks. Overall, high concentrations of air pollutants and PM2.5 components were observed. Six source factors were identified by PMF (motor vehicles, marine aerosol, copper smelter, secondary sulfates, wood burning, and soil dust). Overall, single pollutant models showed significant and strong associations between 7-day exposures for several criteria pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, O3), PM2.5 components (OC, K, S, Se, V), and source factors (secondary sulfate) and coughing, wheezing and three other respiratory symptoms in both in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children. No associations were found for use of rescue inhalers in asthmatics. Two-pollutant models showed that several associations remained significant after including PM2.5, and other criteria pollutants, in the models, particularly components and source factors associated with industrial sources. In conclusion, exposure to air pollutants, especially PM2.5, NO2, and O3, were found to exacerbate respiratory symptoms in both asthmatic and nonasthmatic children. Some of the results suggest that PM2.5 components associated with a secondary sulfate source may have a greater impact on some symptoms than PM2.5. In general, the results of this study show important associations at concentrations close or below current air quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Prieto-Parra
- Programa de Magister en Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Yohannessen
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil Norte, Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Brea
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil Norte, Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniella Vidal
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil Norte, Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos A Ubilla
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil Norte, Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Ruiz-Rudolph
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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10
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Ruiz-Rudolph P, Arias N, Pardo S, Meyer M, Mesías S, Galleguillos C, Schiattino I, Gutiérrez L. Impact of large industrial emission sources on mortality and morbidity in Chile: A small-areas study. Environ Int 2016; 92-93:130-138. [PMID: 27104670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chile suffers significant pollution from large industrial emitters associated with the mining, metal processing, paper production, and energy industries. The aim of this research was to determine whether the presence of large industrial facilities (i.e. coal- and oil-fired power plants, pulp and paper mills, mining facilities, and smelters) affects mortality and morbidity rates in Chile. For this, we conducted an ecological study that used Chilean communes as small-area observation units to assess mortality and morbidity. Public databases provided information on large pollution sources relevant to Chile. The large sources studied were oil- and coal-fired power plants, copper smelters, pulp and paper mills, and large mining facilities. Large sources were filtered by first year of production, type of process, and size. Mortality and morbidity data were acquired from public national databases, with morbidity being estimated from hospitalization records. Cause-specific rates were calculated for the main outcomes: cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer; and other more specific health outcomes. The impact of the large pollution sources was estimated using Bayesian models that included spatial correlation, overdispersion, and other covariates. Large and significant increases in health risks (around 20%-100%) were found for communes with power plants and smelters for total, cardiovascular, respiratory, all-cancer, and lung cancer mortality. Higher hospitalization rates for cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, cancer, and pneumonia (20-100%) were also found for communes with power plants and smelters. The impacts were larger for men than women in terms of both mortality and hospitalizations. The impacts were also larger when the sources were analyzed as continuous (production volume) rather than dichotomous (presence/absence) variables. In conclusion, significantly higher rates of total cardiovascular, respiratory, all-cancer and lung cancer mortality and cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer and pneumonia hospitalizations were observed in communes with power plants and smelters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ruiz-Rudolph
- Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Nelson Arias
- Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad de Caldas, Carrera 25 N° 48-56, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Sandra Pardo
- Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Pedro de Valdivia 641, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marianne Meyer
- Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stephanie Mesías
- Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Galleguillos
- Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Irene Schiattino
- Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Pizarro-Aránguiz N, Galbán-Malagón CJ, Ruiz-Rudolph P, Araya-Jordan C, Maddaleno A, San Martin B. Occurrence, variability and human exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in dairy products from Chile during the 2011-2013 survey. Chemosphere 2015; 126:78-87. [PMID: 25592463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Levels, congener profiles of PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs and human exposure for these xenobiotics never have been reported in Chile. For that purpose 102 raw cow milk samples were collected from seven different regions of Chile during 2011 until 2013. The highest mean level for PCDD/Fs, corresponds to 0.32 pg WHO-TEQ2005 g(-1) fat (2012) and for DL-PCBs 0.17 pg WHO-TEQ2005 g(-1) fat (2011), using the upper bound approach. Penta and tetra chlorinated congeners dominated PCDD/Fs profiles in a WHO-TEQ2005 basis during the survey. In the case of DL-PCBs, PCB 126 dominated the profiles with 89%. Statistical analysis showed significant difference among years only in DL-PCBs residues. Also dietary intake was estimated, and the highest level for total sum of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs for adult was 0.16 pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1) b.w d(-1) (2011) and for children correspond to 0.65 pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1) b.wd(-1) (2011). Concentrations and dietary intake for the studied compounds in milk and butter samples were below international and national regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pizarro-Aránguiz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - C J Galbán-Malagón
- Sustainability Research Centre, Ecology and Natural Resources Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Ruiz-Rudolph
- School of Public Health, Medicine Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Araya-Jordan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - A Maddaleno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - B San Martin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Chile
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12
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Suárez L, Mesías S, Iglesias V, Silva C, Cáceres DD, Ruiz-Rudolph P. Personal exposure to particulate matter in commuters using different transport modes (bus, bicycle, car and subway) in an assigned route in downtown Santiago, Chile. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2014; 16:1309-1317. [PMID: 24599286 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00648d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare personal exposure to particulate matter (fine and ultrafine particles) in commuters using different transport modes (bicycle, bus, car and subway) in a busy, assigned route in downtown Santiago, Chile. Volunteers carrying personal samplers completed scheduled commutes during the morning rush hours, while central site measurements were conducted in parallel. A total of 137 valid commutes were assessed. The impact of central site, traffic and other variables was explored with regression models. PM2.5 personal concentrations were equal to or slightly above central site measurements, while UFP personal concentrations were above them. Regression models showed impacts of both background levels and traffic emissions on personal PM2.5 and UFP exposure. Traffic impacts varied with transport modes. Estimates of traffic impacts on personal PM2.5 exposure were 2.0, 13.0, 16.9 and 17.5 μg m(-3), for car, bicycle, subway and bus, respectively; while for UFP exposure were 8400, 16 200, 25 600 and 30 100 counts per cm(3), for subway, car, bicycle and bus, respectively. After controlling the central site and transport mode, higher temperatures increased PM2.5 exposure and decreased UFP ones, while the wind direction affected UFP personal exposure. In conclusion, we found significant impacts of both central site background measurements and traffic emissions on personal exposure of volunteer commuters in an assigned route in Santiago, with impacts varying with transport modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Suárez
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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