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Jaimes-Dueñez J, Castillo-Castañeda A, Jiménez-Leaño Á, Duque JE, Cantillo-Barraza O, Cáceres-Rivera DI, Granada Y, Triana-Chávez O, Ramírez JD. Epidemiological features of Leishmania infantum in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) suggest a latent risk of visceral leishmaniasis in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, Santander, Eastern Colombia. Prev Vet Med 2023; 219:106021. [PMID: 37738753 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease caused by species of the Leishmania donovani complex that is mainly transmitted through the urban cycle involving dogs as the primary reservoir. In Colombia, the incidence of VL is increasing, along with the spread of potential vectors. This study aims to investigate the eco-epidemiological factors associated with Leishmania spp. infection in dogs from the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga (MAB), Santander, eastern Colombia, which is a region at risk for VL. We conducted molecular and serological surveillance of Leishmania spp. in 207 dogs from MAB to determine the epidemiological factors associated with infection. Subsequently, we carried out a molecular and serological analysis of phlebotomine and humans, respectively, in areas with a higher prevalence of infection, aiming to describe the main features associated with the transmission cycle. Out of the 207 dogs tested, 37 (17.8%, 95% CI = 12.6-23.1%) were positive for the presence of Leishmania antibodies by the IFAT test, and only 9 (4.3%, 95% CI = 1.55-7.15%) were positive for L. infantum by PCR. Multivariate analyses indicated that canine shelters and dogs with clinical signs commonly associated with canine VL had a higher prevalence of infection (P < 0.05). In the entomological survey, 69 blood-fed female phlebotomine of the genus Lutzomyia were captured in canine shelters, among them, 55% were identified as Lutzomyia camposi, 29% as Lu. ovallesi, 7% as Lu. dubitans, 6% as Lu. torvida, and 3% as Lu. cayennensis. The identified meal sources of the phlebotomine included human, pig, avian, cattle, and porcupine (Coendou quichua) blood. However, no phlebotomine positive for Leishmania spp. were detected by molecular analyses. Finally, 14 humans who had frequent contact with L. infantum-positive dogs were analyzed through rK39 test, but none tested was positive for IgG/IgM antibodies. The molecular and serological analyses indicate the circulation of L. infantum in dogs from MAB, with canine shelters having the highest prevalence of infection. The entomological survey of canine shelters showed a significant diversity of phlebotomine without potential vectors of L. infantum, suggesting the presence of infection in dogs from these areas could take place in other locations or through other transmission routes. The circulation of L. infantum in multiple dogs from MAB suggests a latent risk of zoonotic transmission of VL in these cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeiczon Jaimes-Dueñez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia UCC, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Adriana Castillo-Castañeda
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ángela Jiménez-Leaño
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia UCC, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jonny E Duque
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales, CINTROP, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Omar Cantillo-Barraza
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Isabel Cáceres-Rivera
- Grupo de Investigación para el fortalecimiento de la salud y el bienestar GIFOSABI, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia UCC, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Yurany Granada
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, BCEI, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Omar Triana-Chávez
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, BCEI, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, NY, USA
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Jaimes-Dueñez J, Leal-Rueda DA, Jaimes-Dueñez JD, Cáceres-Rivera DI, Castillo-Castañeda A, Ramírez JD. Human urogenital myiasis caused by the 'rat-tailed' larvae of Palpada scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805) in Santander, eastern Colombia: A case report. Parasitol Int 2021; 87:102496. [PMID: 34758388 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Palpada genus, which belongs to the Diptera order (family, Syrphidae), has been rarely reported to cause accidental myiasis in humans. Herein, we report the first case of genitourinary myiasis caused by a larva of the Palpada genus in a 9-year-old girl from Colombia. The girl, who resided in a rural area in the municipality of Floridablanca, Santander, near Bucaramanga city, in eastern Colombia, presented with lower abdominal pain accompanied by oliguria, followed by the subsequent elimination of a larva through the urine. The next day, the patient visited a primary healthcare centre, and no signs or symptoms were observed on clinical examination. Haematological analysis showed high plateletcrit levels and platelet large cell counts. The results of the urine test revealed a decrease in specific gravity and a slight increase in bacterial content and mucus. DNA barcoding analyses showed that the etiological agent corresponded to a third instar larva of the Palpada scutellaris species. This is the first case to report genitourinary myiasis caused by larvae of the genus Palpada in humans. However, we believe that additional cases might be accurately detected if adequate tests are performed to confirm the clinical and molecular features associated with this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeiczon Jaimes-Dueñez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia UCC, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Diego Andrés Leal-Rueda
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia UCC, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Juan David Jaimes-Dueñez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia UCC, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Diana Isabel Cáceres-Rivera
- Grupo de Investigación para el fortalecimiento de la salud y el bienestar GIFOSABI, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia UCC, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Adriana Castillo-Castañeda
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Bermon A, Uribe AF, Pérez-Rivero PF, Prieto-Merino D, Saaibi JF, Silva FA, Canon DI, Castillo-Gonzalez KM, Cáceres-Rivera DI, Guio E, Meneses-Castillo KJ, Castillo-Meza A, Atkins L, Horne R, Murray E, Serrano NC, Free C, Casas JP, Perel P. Efficacy and Safety of Text Messages Targeting Adherence to Cardiovascular Medications in Secondary Prevention: TXT2HEART Colombia Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e25548. [PMID: 34319247 PMCID: PMC8367158 DOI: 10.2196/25548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with a prevalence of approximately 100 million patients. There is evidence that antiplatelet agents and antihypertensive medications could reduce the risk of new vascular events in this population; however, treatment adherence is very low. An SMS text messaging intervention was recently developed based on behavior change techniques to increase adherence to pharmacological treatment among patients with a history of ASCVD. Objective This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an SMS text messaging intervention to improve adherence to cardiovascular medications in patients with ASCVD. Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial for patients with a prior diagnosis of cardiovascular events, such as acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral artery disease, in one center in Colombia was conducted. Patients randomized to the intervention arm were assigned to receive SMS text messages daily for the first 4 weeks, 5 SMS text messages on week 5, 3 SMS text messages each in weeks 6 and 7, and 1 SMS text message weekly from week 8 until week 52. In contrast, patients in the control arm received a monthly SMS text message reminding them of the next study appointment and the importance of the study, requesting information about changes in their phone number, and thanking them for participating in the study. The primary endpoint was the change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, whereas the secondary endpoints were the changes in thromboxane B2 levels, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, medication adherence, cardiac and noncardiac mortality, and hospitalization. Linear regression analyses and bivariate tests were performed. Results Of the 930 randomized patients, 805 (86.5%) completed follow-up and were analyzed for the primary endpoint. There was no evidence that the intervention changed the primary outcome (LDL-C levels; P=.41) or any of the secondary outcomes evaluated (all P>.05). There was also no evidence that the intervention was associated with adverse events. Conclusions In this study, there was no evidence that a behavior modification intervention delivered by SMS text messaging improved LDL-C levels, blood pressure levels, or adherence at 12 months. More research is needed to evaluate whether different SMS text messaging strategies, including personalized messages and different timings, are effective; future studies should include mixed methods to better understand why, for whom, and in which context (eg, health system or social environment) SMS text messaging interventions work (or not) to improve adherence in patients with ASCVD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03098186; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03098186 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028017
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Bermon
- Research Center, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia.,Epidemiology an Biostatistics, Escuela de Graduados, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana Fernanda Uribe
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana - Seccional Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | | | - David Prieto-Merino
- Epidemiology and Population Health Faculty, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Applied Statistical Methods in Medical Research Group, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Federico Saaibi
- Departament of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Federico Arturo Silva
- Neurovascular Science Group, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Diana Ivonne Canon
- Departament of Cardiology, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Guio
- Metabolism and Genoma Laboratory, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | | | | | - Louise Atkins
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Horne
- University College London School of Pharmacy, London, Colombia
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Norma Cecilia Serrano
- Direction of Research, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Caroline Free
- Epidemiology and Population Health Faculty, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Pablo Casas
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pablo Perel
- Centre for Global Chronic Conditions, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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