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D’Alessandro S, Scaccabarozzi D, Signorini L, Perego F, Ilboudo DP, Ferrante P, Delbue S. The Use of Antimalarial Drugs against Viral Infection. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010085. [PMID: 31936284 PMCID: PMC7022795 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, drugs used to treat malaria infection have been shown to be beneficial for many other diseases, including viral infections. In particular, they have received special attention due to the lack of effective antiviral drugs against new emerging viruses (i.e., HIV, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, Ebola virus, etc.) or against classic infections due to drug-resistant viral strains (i.e., human cytomegalovirus). Here, we reviewed the in vitro/in vivo and clinical studies conducted to evaluate the antiviral activities of four classes of antimalarial drugs: Artemisinin derivatives, aryl-aminoalcohols, aminoquinolines, and antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D’Alessandro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (L.S.); (F.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Diletta Scaccabarozzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lucia Signorini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (L.S.); (F.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Federica Perego
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (L.S.); (F.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Denise P. Ilboudo
- Département des Sciences de la Vie, University of Fada N’Gourma (UFDG), Fada N’Gourma BP 54, Burkina Faso;
| | - Pasquale Ferrante
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (L.S.); (F.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (L.S.); (F.P.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50315070
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Manzano JI, Konstantinović J, Scaccabarozzi D, Perea A, Pavić A, Cavicchini L, Basilico N, Gamarro F, Šolaja BA. 4-Aminoquinoline-based compounds as antileishmanial agents that inhibit the energy metabolism of Leishmania. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:28-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Corbett Y, D'Alessandro S, Parapini S, Scaccabarozzi D, Kalantari P, Zava S, Giavarini F, Caruso D, Colombo I, Egan TJ, Basilico N. Interplay between Plasmodium falciparum haemozoin and L-arginine: implication for nitric oxide production. Malar J 2018; 17:456. [PMID: 30522493 PMCID: PMC6282336 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum haemozoin, a detoxification product of digested haemoglobin from infected erythrocytes, is released into the bloodstream upon schizont rupture and accumulates in leukocytes. High levels of haemozoin correlate with disease severity. Some studies have shown that concentrations of the substrate of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), l-arginine, as well as nitric oxide are low in patients infected with P. falciparum malaria. The present study investigates, in vitro, the role of P. falciparum haemozoin on nitric oxide production, iNOS expression in macrophages, and the possible interaction between l-arginine and haemozoin. Methods Plasmodium falciparum haemozoin was obtained from in vitro cultures through magnetic isolation. Phagocytosis of haemozoin by immortalized bone marrow derived macrophages was detected by confocal reflection combined with fluorescence microscopy. Nitrite concentrations in the supernatants was evaluated by Griess assay as a standard indication of nitric oxide production, while iNOS expression was detected on cell extracts by western blotting. Detection of l-arginine in haemozoin-treated or untreated media was achieved by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Results Haemozoin synergizes in vitro with interferon-gamma to produce nitric oxide. However, when mouse macrophages were stimulated with haemozoin, a proportional increase of nitric oxide was observed up to 25 μM of haemozoin, followed by a decrease with doses up to 100 μM, when nitric oxide release was completely abrogated. This was not due to reactive oxygen species production, nor to an effect on iNOS activity. Interestingly, when at 24 h, haemozoin-treated macrophages were washed and incubated in fresh medium for further 24 h, the nitric oxide production was restored in a dose–response manner. Similar results were seen when l-arginine-enriched media was used in the stimulation. Moreover, muramyldipeptide, a strong nitric oxide inducer, was unable to activate macrophages to release nitric oxide in the presence of haemozoin-treated medium. By LC–MS/MS a complete depletion of l-arginine was observed in this haemozoin-treated, conditioned medium. Conclusions It is proposed that haemozoin interacts with l-arginine reducing its availability for iNOS, and thus decreasing nitric oxide production. The clinical (or pathological) implications of these results are discussed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2602-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Corbett
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy.
| | - Sarah D'Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Diletta Scaccabarozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Parisa Kalantari
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Stefania Zava
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Flavio Giavarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Irma Colombo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Timothy J Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
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Konstantinović J, Videnović M, Orsini S, Bogojević K, D’Alessandro S, Scaccabarozzi D, Terzić Jovanović N, Gradoni L, Basilico N, Šolaja BA. Novel Aminoquinoline Derivatives Significantly Reduce Parasite Load in Leishmania infantum Infected Mice. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:629-634. [PMID: 30034591 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this Letter, a detailed analysis of 30 4-aminoquinoline-based compounds with regard to their potential as antileishmanial drugs has been carried out. Ten compounds demonstrated IC50 < 1 μM against promastigote stages of L. infantum and L. tropica, and five compounds showed IC50 < 1 μM against intramacrophage L. infantum amastigotes. Two compounds showed dose-dependent enhancement of NO and ROS production by bone marrow-derived macrophages and remarkable reduction of parasite load in vivo, with advantage of being short-term and orally active. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline derivatives active in Leishmania infantum infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Konstantinović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Videnović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry Innovative Centre, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefania Orsini
- Unit of Vector-borne Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Katarina Bogojević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sarah D’Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatrichè, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Scaccabarozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nataša Terzić Jovanović
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology, and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luigi Gradoni
- Unit of Vector-borne Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bogdan A. Šolaja
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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Scaccabarozzi D, Deroost K, Corbett Y, Lays N, Corsetto P, Salè FO, Van den Steen PE, Taramelli D. Differential induction of malaria liver pathology in mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi AS or Plasmodium berghei NK65. Malar J 2018; 17:18. [PMID: 29316914 PMCID: PMC5761140 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-2159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral malaria and severe anaemia are the most common deadly complications of malaria, and are often associated, both in paediatric and adult patients, with hepatopathy, whose pathogenesis is not well characterized, and sometimes also with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, two species of murine malaria, the lethal Plasmodium berghei strain NK65 and self-healing Plasmodium chabaudi strain AS which differ in their ability to cause hepatopathy and/or ARDS were used to investigate the lipid alterations, oxidative damage and host immune response during the infection in relation to parasite load and accumulation of parasite products, such as haemozoin. METHODS Plasma and livers of C57BL/6J mice injected with PbNK65 or PcAS infected erythrocytes were collected at different times and tested for parasitaemia, content of haemozoin and expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Hepatic enzymes, antioxidant defenses and lipids content and composition were also evaluated. RESULTS In the livers of P. berghei NK65 infected mice both parasites and haemozoin accumulated to a greater extent than in livers of P. chabaudi AS infected mice although in the latter hepatomegaly was more prominent. Hepatic enzymes and TNF were increased in both models. Moreover, in P. berghei NK65 infected mice, increased lipid peroxidation, accumulation of triglycerides, impairment of anti-oxidant enzymes and higher collagen deposition were detected. On the contrary, in P. chabaudi AS infected mice the antioxidant enzymes and the lipid content and composition were normal or even lower than uninfected controls. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that in C57BL/6J mice, depending on the parasite species, malaria-induced liver pathology results in different manifestations, which may contribute to the different outcomes. In P. berghei NK65 infected mice, which concomitantly develop lethal acute respiratory distress syndrome, the liver tissue is characterized by an excess oxidative stress response and reduced antioxidant defenses while in P. chabaudi AS infected mice hepatopathy does not lead to lipid alterations or reduction of antioxidant enzymes, but rather to inflammation and cytokine burst, as shown earlier, that may favour parasite killing and clearance of the infection. These results may help understanding the different clinical profiles described in human malaria hepatopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Scaccabarozzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Molecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katrien Deroost
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Yolanda Corbett
- Department of Pharmacological and Molecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Natacha Lays
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Paola Corsetto
- Department of Pharmacological and Molecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fausta Omodeo Salè
- Department of Pharmacological and Molecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Taramelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Molecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Scaccabarozzi D, Deroost K, Lays N, Omodeo Salè F, Van den Steen PE, Taramelli D. Altered Lipid Composition of Surfactant and Lung Tissue in Murine Experimental Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143195. [PMID: 26624290 PMCID: PMC4666673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute lung injury (MA-ALI) and its more severe form malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) are common, often fatal complications of severe malaria infections. However, little is known about their pathogenesis. In this study, biochemical alterations of the lipid composition of the lungs were investigated as possible contributing factors to the severity of murine MA-ALI/ARDS. C57BL/6J mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65 to induce lethal MA-ARDS, or with Plasmodium chabaudi AS, a parasite strain that does not induce lung pathology. The lipid profile of the lung tissue from mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65 developing MA-ALI/ARDS, but not that from mice without lung pathology or controls, was characterized by high levels of phospholipids -mainly phosphatidylcholine- and esterified cholesterol. The high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the linoleic/oleic fatty acid ratio of the latter reflect the fatty acid composition of plasma cholesterol esters. In spite of the increased total polyunsaturated fatty acid pool, which augments the relative oxidability of the lung membranes, and the presence of hemozoin, a known pro-oxidant, no excess oxidative stress was detected in the lungs of Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected mice. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected mice was characterized by high levels of plasma proteins. The phospholipid profile of BAL large and small aggregate fractions was also different from uninfected controls, with a significant increase in the amounts of sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine and the decrease in phosphatidylglycerol. Both the increase of proteins and lysophosphatidylcholine are known to decrease the intrinsic surface activity of surfactant. Together, these data indicate that an altered lipid composition of lung tissue and BAL fluid, partially ascribed to oedema and lipoprotein infiltration, is a characteristic feature of murine MA-ALI/ARDS and possibly contribute to lung dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Scaccabarozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katrien Deroost
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natacha Lays
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fausta Omodeo Salè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Taramelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Bruni I, Galimberti A, Caridi L, Scaccabarozzi D, De Mattia F, Casiraghi M, Labra M. A DNA barcoding approach to identify plant species in multiflower honey. Food Chem 2014; 170:308-15. [PMID: 25306350 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the ability of DNA barcoding to identify the plant origins of processed honey. Four multifloral honeys produced at different sites in a floristically rich area in the northern Italian Alps were examined by using the rbcL and trnH-psbA plastid regions as barcode markers. An extensive reference database of barcode sequences was generated for the local flora to determine the taxonomic composition of honey. Thirty-nine plant species were identified in the four honey samples, each of which originated from a mix of common plants belonging to Castanea, Quercus, Fagus and several herbaceous taxa. Interestingly, at least one endemic plant was found in all four honey samples, providing a clear signature for the geographic identity of these products. DNA of the toxic plant Atropa belladonna was detected in one sample, illustrating the usefulness of DNA barcoding for evaluating the safety of honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bruni
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, ZooPlantLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - A Galimberti
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, ZooPlantLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - L Caridi
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, ZooPlantLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Scaccabarozzi
- Parco Regionale della Grigna Settentrionale, Via Fornace Merlo 2, 23816 Barzio, Italy
| | - F De Mattia
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, ZooPlantLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Casiraghi
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, ZooPlantLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Labra
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, ZooPlantLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy.
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Cattaneo MG, Cappellini E, Ragni M, Tacchini L, Scaccabarozzi D, Nisoli E, Vicentini LM. Chronic nitric oxide deprivation induces an adaptive antioxidant status in human endothelial cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2290-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Santacroce M, Daniele F, Cremona A, Scaccabarozzi D, Castagna M, Orsini F. Imaging of Xenopus laevis oocyte plasma membrane in physiological-like conditions by atomic force microscopy. Microsc Microanal 2013; 19:1358-1363. [PMID: 23745574 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613001682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Xenopus laevis oocytes are an interesting model for the study of many developmental mechanisms because of their dimensions and the ease with which they can be manipulated. In addition, they are widely employed systems for the expression and functional study of heterologous proteins, which can be expressed with high efficiency on their plasma membrane. Here we applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) to the study of the plasma membrane of X. laevis oocytes. In particular, we developed and optimized a new sample preparation protocol, based on the purification of plasma membranes by ultracentrifugation on a sucrose gradient, to perform a high-resolution AFM imaging of X. laevis oocyte plasma membrane in physiological-like conditions. Reproducible AFM topographs allowed visualization and dimensional characterization of membrane patches, whose height corresponds to a single lipid bilayer, as well as the presence of nanometer structures embedded in the plasma membrane and identified as native membrane proteins. The described method appears to be an applicable tool for performing high-resolution AFM imaging of X. laevis oocyte plasma membrane in a physiological-like environment, thus opening promising perspectives for studying in situ cloned membrane proteins of relevant biomedical/pharmacological interest expressed in this biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Santacroce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milano, Italy
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Scaccabarozzi D, Lays N, Cortelezzi L, Van den Steen P, Opdenakker G, Taramelli D, Omodeo-Salè F. Lipid profile modifications of the lung tissue and surfactant in a murine model of malaria associated ARDS. Malar J 2012. [PMCID: PMC3472683 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-s1-p87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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D’Alessandro S, Basilico N, Corbett Y, Scaccabarozzi D, Omodeo-Salè F, Saresella M, Marventano I, Vaillant M, Olliaro P, Taramelli D. Hypoxia modulates the effect of dihydroartemisinin on endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:476-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Omodeo-Salè F, Cortelezzi L, Vommaro Z, Scaccabarozzi D, Dondorp AM. Dysregulation of L-arginine metabolism and bioavailability associated to free plasma heme. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 299:C148-54. [PMID: 20357184 PMCID: PMC2904256 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00405.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with hypoargininemia, which contributes to impaired systemic and pulmonary nitric oxide (NO) production and endothelial dysfunction. Since intravascular hemolysis is an intrinsic feature of severe malaria, we investigated whether and by which mechanisms free heme [Fe(III)-protoporphyrin IX (FP)] might contribute to the dysregulation of l-arginine (l-Arg) metabolism and bioavailability. Carrier systems “y+” [or cationic amino acid transporter (CAT)] and “y+L” transport l-Arg into red blood cells (RBC), where it is hydrolyzed to ornithine and urea by arginase (isoform I) or converted to NO· and citrulline by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Our results show a significant and dose-dependent impairment of l-Arg transport into RBC pretreated with FP, with a strong inhibition of the system carrier y+L. Despite the impaired l-Arg influx, higher amounts of l-Arg-derived urea are produced by RBC preexposed to FP caused by activation of RBC arginase I. This activation appeared not to be mediated by oxidative modifications of the enzyme. We conclude that l-Arg transport across RBC membrane is impaired and arginase-mediated l-Arg consumption enhanced by free heme. This could contribute to reduced NO production in severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Omodeo-Salè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Applicate ai Biosistemi (DISMAB), Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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