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Mikuš P, Krajčiová D, Mikulová M, Horváth B, Pecher D, Garaj V, Bua S, Angeli A, Supuran CT. Novel sulfonamides incorporating 1,3,5-triazine and amino acid structural motifs as inhibitors of the physiological carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II and IV and tumor-associated isozyme IX. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:241-252. [PMID: 30153589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new series of thirty s-triazinyl-substituted aminoalkylbenzenesulfonamides, incorporating a symmetric pair of amino acid moieties, is reported, together with inhibition studies of physiologically relevant human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms. Specifically, against the cytosolic hCA I, II, transmembrane hCA IV and the tumor-associated, membrane-bound hCA IX. The compounds were prepared by nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms from cyanuric chloride (2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine) using environmentally friendly water-based synthetic conditions. The products yields ranged in the interval of 43-97%. Purity of the products was verified by the HPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-TOF MS method. Identity of the products was confirmed by the same method plus NMR and IR. The products showed weak inhibition of the cytosolic, off-target isozyme hCA II, but some of them were low nanomolar (i.e. strong) inhibitors of the tumor-associated hCA IX. The series offered representatives selective towards isozymes hCA I, IV and IX. 2,2'-((6-((4-sulfamoylphenethyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(imino))disuccinic acid demonstrated highest selectivity to the tumor-associated isoform hCA IX over off-target isozymes, with impressive KI ratio (hCA II/hCA IX) 213.9 and inhibition constant equal to acetazolamide (KI = 25.8 nM). Although the selectivities of some other products, e.g. those conjugating Leu and Glu, were a bit lower (188.7 and 84.3, respectively) their inhibition constants were similar to acetazolamide too (24.0 and 27.1, respectively). The selected most impressive results from the inhibition study were interpreted via molecular modeling experiment (docking in Glide) revealing different inter-molecular enzyme-substrate interaction of 2,2'-((6-((4-sulfamoylphenethyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(imino))disuccinic acid within specific hCA IX and hCA II microregions. Therefore, several selected compounds from this study can be considered as highly effective and selective inhibitors of hCA IX, worthy to further (preclinical) investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikuš
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Centre, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Dominika Krajčiová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Mária Mikulová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Branislav Horváth
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Daniel Pecher
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Centre, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Vladimír Garaj
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Centre, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Silvia Bua
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy.
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Krajčiová D, Pecher D, Garaj V, Mikuš P. Optimization and Comparison of Synthetic Procedures for a Group of Triazinyl-Substituted Benzene-Sulfonamide Conjugates with Amino Acids. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091533. [PMID: 28902167 PMCID: PMC6151714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonamides incorporating 1,3,5-triazine moieties can selectively and potently inhibit carbonic anhydrase transmembrane isoforms IX, XII, and XIV over cytosolic isoforms I and II. In the present work, a highly effective synthetic procedure was proposed for this group of potent cancerostatic drugs and compared with previously used methods. The synthesis of triazinyl-substituted benzene-sulfonamide conjugates with amino acids can be easily carried out using sodium carbonate-based water solution as a synthetic medium instead of N,N-Diisopropylethylamine/Dimethylformamide. The benefits of this synthetic procedure include: (i) high selectivity of the creation of disubstituted conjugates; (ii) several times higher yield (≥95%) than that achieved previously; (iii) elimination of organic solvents by the use of an environmental friendly water medium (green chemistry); (iv) simple and fast isolation of the product. The synthesis and resulting products were evaluated using TLC, IR, NMR, and MS methods. The present work demonstrates a significant advantage in providing shortened routes to target structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Krajčiová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Daniel Pecher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Vladimír Garaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Krajčiová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Milan Melník
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Emil Havránek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Forgácsová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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