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Barbier L, Pipart P, Vahdati M, Lorthioir C, Tran Y, Hourdet D. Injectable hydrogels based on alginates grafted with LCST side-chains of different chemistry. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 336:122126. [PMID: 38670757 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
A homologous series of thermoassociating copolymers was prepared by grafting onto alginates different amounts of three different temperature responsive polymers: poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(di(ethylene glycol)methacrylate) and poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide). From a large set of analytical techniques combining rheology, calorimetry, NMR and SAXS, the relevant parameters controlling the sol/gel transition and the gel properties, mainly the degree of entanglement of macromolecules and the fraction of responsive stickers, were highlighted and interpreted objectively by considering the particularities of the phase diagrams of LCST polymers. Complementary analyses were implemented to investigate adhesiveness, injectabilty, gel swelling and molecular release in physiological environment of thermogelling formulations. In particular, it is shown that steady shear experiments allow to predict the injection forces by taking into account the characteristics of the system (syringe and needle), and that the rapid gelation of the formulations when they are heated at 37 °C delays the release of small molecules into the environment. The overall set of data is discussed in the framework of scaling relations in order to draw quantitative guidelines for the design of injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barbier
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - P Pipart
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - M Vahdati
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR 22, 67200 Strasbourg, France.
| | - C Lorthioir
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Y Tran
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - D Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
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2
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Vahdati M, Hourdet D, Creton C. Soft Underwater Adhesives based on Weak Molecular Interactions. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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3
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Guo H, Le Fer G, Tran TN, Malfait A, Hourdet D, Marcellan A, Stoffelbach F, Lyskawa J, Hoogenboom R, Woisel P. Mechanism insights in controlling host–guest (de)complexation by thermoresponsive polymer phase transitions. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydrophobic interactions involved in phase separation of LCST polymers are the critical factor inducing the BBox release from the BBox/naphthalene while the host-guest complexes remain stable during phase separation of UCST polymers upon cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Le Fer
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thi Nga Tran
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Malfait
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - François Stoffelbach
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Joël Lyskawa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrice Woisel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
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4
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Hu Y, Barbier L, Li Z, Ji X, Le Blay H, Hourdet D, Sanson N, Lam JWY, Marcellan A, Tang BZ. Hydrophilicity-Hydrophobicity Transformation, Thermoresponsive Morphomechanics, and Crack Multifurcation Revealed by AIEgens in Mechanically Strong Hydrogels. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2101500. [PMID: 34350646 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic exploration of stimuli-responsive and crack-resistant hydrogels is of great academic and practical significance, although the rational design of tough hydrogels is limited by insufficient mechanism study due to the lack of imaging techniques to "see" hydrogels at mesoscale level. A series of composite hydrogels with compartmentalized thermal response is designed by incorporating aggregation- and polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes in a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) network grafted with poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) side-chains. The fluorescence technique is explored as a powerful tool to directly visualize their hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity transformation and the composition-dependent microphase separation. Based on the morphological observation and mechanical measurements, the concept of morphomechanics with a comprehensive mechanism clarification is proposed. In this regard, the thermoresponsive toughening is attributed to the formation of multiple noncovalent interactions and the conformational changes of PNIPAM chains. The enhanced fracture energy by crack multifurcation is related to the tearing-like disruption of weak interfaces between the separated phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macro Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Lucile Barbier
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macro Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macro Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Heiva Le Blay
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Nicolas Sanson
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macro Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macro Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- AIE institute, Guangzhou Development Distinct, Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510530, China
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5
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Ye YN, Cui K, Hong W, Li X, Yu C, Hourdet D, Nakajima T, Kurokawa T, Gong JP. Molecular mechanism of abnormally large nonsoftening deformation in a tough hydrogel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2014694118. [PMID: 33782118 PMCID: PMC8040646 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014694118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tough soft materials usually show strain softening and inelastic deformation. Here, we study the molecular mechanism of abnormally large nonsoftening, quasi-linear but inelastic deformation in tough hydrogels made of hyperconnective physical network and linear polymers as molecular glues to the network. The interplay of hyperconnectivity of network and effective load transfer by molecular glues prevents stress concentration, which is revealed by an affine deformation of the network to the bulk deformation up to sample failure. The suppression of local stress concentration and strain amplification plays a key role in avoiding necking or strain softening and endows the gels with a unique large nonsoftening, quasi-linear but inelastic deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Nan Ye
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kunpeng Cui
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan;
| | - Wei Hong
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueyu Li
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chengtao Yu
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- Soft Matter Science and Engineering, The City of Paris Industrial Physics and Chemistry Higher Educational Institution (ESPCI Paris), Paris Sciences et Lettres University (PSL), Sorbonne University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tasuku Nakajima
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan;
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
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6
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Belal K, Stoffelbach F, Hourdet D, Marcellan A, Lyskawa J, de Smet L, Vebr A, Potier J, Cooke G, Hoogenboom R, Woisel P. Supramolecular Hydrogels with Tunable Swelling by Host Complexation with Cyclobis(paraquat- p-phenylene). Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Belal
- Université Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Ecole Centrale, UMR 8207−UMET−Unité Matériaux Et Transformations, Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP) Team, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Stoffelbach
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, EquipeChimie des Polymères, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Joel Lyskawa
- Université Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Ecole Centrale, UMR 8207−UMET−Unité Matériaux Et Transformations, Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP) Team, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lieselot de Smet
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Vebr
- Université Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Ecole Centrale, UMR 8207−UMET−Unité Matériaux Et Transformations, Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP) Team, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jonathan Potier
- Université Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Ecole Centrale, UMR 8207−UMET−Unité Matériaux Et Transformations, Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP) Team, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Graeme Cooke
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrice Woisel
- Université Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Ecole Centrale, UMR 8207−UMET−Unité Matériaux Et Transformations, Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP) Team, F-59000 Lille, France
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Vahdati
- Soft Matter Science and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guylaine Ducouret
- Soft Matter Science and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Costantino Creton
- Soft Matter Science and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Science and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
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8
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Vahdati M, Ducouret G, Creton C, Hourdet D. Thermally Triggered Injectable Underwater Adhesives. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900653. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Vahdati
- Soft Matter Sciences and EngineeringESPCI ParisPSL UniversitySorbonne UniversityCNRS F‐75005 Paris France
| | - Guylaine Ducouret
- Soft Matter Sciences and EngineeringESPCI ParisPSL UniversitySorbonne UniversityCNRS F‐75005 Paris France
| | - Costantino Creton
- Soft Matter Sciences and EngineeringESPCI ParisPSL UniversitySorbonne UniversityCNRS F‐75005 Paris France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and EngineeringESPCI ParisPSL UniversitySorbonne UniversityCNRS F‐75005 Paris France
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Guo H, Hourdet D, Marcellan A, Stoffelbach F, Lyskawa J, Smet L, Vebr A, Hoogenboom R, Woisel P. Cover Feature: Dual Responsive Regulation of Host–Guest Complexation in Aqueous Media to Control Partial Release of the Host (Chem. Eur. J. 6/2020). Chemistry 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologySun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519082 P.R. China
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI ParisPSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI ParisPSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI ParisPSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - François Stoffelbach
- CNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie MoléculaireUMR 8232Sorbonne Université, Equipe Chimie des Polymères 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Joel Lyskawa
- CNRS, ENSCL, UMR 8207–UMET–Unité Matériaux Et TransformationsIngénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP) teamUniv. Lille 59000 Lille France
| | - Lieselot Smet
- CNRS, ENSCL, UMR 8207–UMET–Unité Matériaux Et TransformationsIngénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP) teamUniv. Lille 59000 Lille France
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Aurélien Vebr
- CNRS, ENSCL, UMR 8207–UMET–Unité Matériaux Et TransformationsIngénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP) teamUniv. Lille 59000 Lille France
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Patrice Woisel
- CNRS, ENSCL, UMR 8207–UMET–Unité Matériaux Et TransformationsIngénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP) teamUniv. Lille 59000 Lille France
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Guo H, Hourdet D, Marcellan A, Stoffelbach F, Lyskawa J, de Smet L, Vebr A, Hoogenboom R, Woisel P. Dual Responsive Regulation of Host-Guest Complexation in Aqueous Media to Control Partial Release of the Host. Chemistry 2020; 26:1292-1297. [PMID: 31559661 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of the concentration of a wide range of small molecules is ubiquitous in biological systems because it enables them to adapt to the continuous changes in the environmental conditions. Herein, we report an aqueous synthetic system that provides an orchestrated, temperature and pH controlled regulation of the complexation between the cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) host (BBox) and a 1,5-dialkyloxynaphthalene (DNP) guest attached to a well-defined dual responsive copolymer composed of N-isopropylacrylamide as thermoresponsive monomer and acrylic acid as pH-responsive monomer. Controlled, partial release of the BBox, enabling control over its concentration, is based on the tunable partial collapse of the copolymer. This colored supramolecular assembly is one of the first synthetic systems providing control over the concentration of a small molecule, providing great potential as both T and pH chromic materials and as a basis to develop more complex systems with molecular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, P.R. China.,Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - François Stoffelbach
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, Sorbonne Université, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Joel Lyskawa
- CNRS, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux Et Transformations, Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP) team, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Lieselot de Smet
- CNRS, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux Et Transformations, Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP) team, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Vebr
- CNRS, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux Et Transformations, Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP) team, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrice Woisel
- CNRS, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux Et Transformations, Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP) team, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
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Sudre G, Siband E, Gallas B, Cousin F, Hourdet D, Tran Y. Responsive Adsorption of N-Isopropylacrylamide Based Copolymers on Polymer Brushes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010153. [PMID: 31936092 PMCID: PMC7022643 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the adsorption of pH- or temperature-responsive polymer systems by ellipsometry and neutron reflectivity. To this end, temperature-responsive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brushes and pH-responsive poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes have been prepared using the "grafting onto" method to investigate the adsorption process of polymers and its reversibility under controlled environment. To that purpose, macromolecular brushes were designed with various chain lengths and a wide range of grafting density. Below the transition temperature (LCST), the characterization of PNIPAM brushes by neutron reflectivity shows that the swelling behavior of brushes is in good agreement with the scaling models before they collapse above the LCST. The reversible adsorption on PNIPAM brushes was carried out with linear copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid, P(NIPAM-co-AA). While these copolymers remain fully soluble in water over the whole range of temperature investigated, a quantitative adsorption driven by solvophobic interactions was shown to proceed only above the LCST of the brush and to be totally reversible upon cooling. Similarly, the pH-responsive adsorption driven by electrostatic interactions on PAA brushes was studied with copolymers of NIPAM and N,N-dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, P(NIPAM-co-MADAP). In this case, the adsorption of weak polycations was shown to increase with the ionization of the PAA brush with interactions mainly located in the upper part of the brush at pH 7 and more deeply adsorbed within the brush at pH 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Sudre
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5223, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Elodie Siband
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France; (E.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Bruno Gallas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Fabrice Cousin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS, Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France;
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France; (E.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Yvette Tran
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France; (E.S.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (Y.T.)
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Dompé M, Cedano-Serrano FJ, Vahdati M, Sidoli U, Heckert O, Synytska A, Hourdet D, Creton C, van der Gucht J, Kodger T, Kamperman M. Tuning the Interactions in Multiresponsive Complex Coacervate-Based Underwater Adhesives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010100. [PMID: 31877824 PMCID: PMC6982270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the systematic investigation of a multiresponsive complex coacervate-based underwater adhesive, obtained by combining polyelectrolyte domains and thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) units. This material exhibits a transition from liquid to solid but, differently from most reactive glues, is completely held together by non-covalent interactions, i.e., electrostatic and hydrophobic. Because the solidification results in a kinetically trapped morphology, the final mechanical properties strongly depend on the preparation conditions and on the surrounding environment. A systematic study is performed to assess the effect of ionic strength and of PNIPAM content on the thermal, rheological and adhesive properties. This study enables the optimization of polymer composition and environmental conditions for this underwater adhesive system. The best performance with a work of adhesion of 6.5 J/m2 was found for the complex coacervates prepared at high ionic strength (0.75 M NaCl) and at an optimal PNIPAM content around 30% mol/mol. The high ionic strength enables injectability, while the hydrated PNIPAM domains provide additional dissipation, without softening the material so much that it becomes too weak to resist detaching stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dompé
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.D.); (O.H.); (J.v.d.G.); (T.K.)
| | - Francisco J. Cedano-Serrano
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France; (F.J.C.-S.); (M.V.); (D.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Mehdi Vahdati
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France; (F.J.C.-S.); (M.V.); (D.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Ugo Sidoli
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (U.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Olaf Heckert
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.D.); (O.H.); (J.v.d.G.); (T.K.)
| | - Alla Synytska
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (U.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France; (F.J.C.-S.); (M.V.); (D.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Costantino Creton
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France; (F.J.C.-S.); (M.V.); (D.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.D.); (O.H.); (J.v.d.G.); (T.K.)
| | - Thomas Kodger
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.D.); (O.H.); (J.v.d.G.); (T.K.)
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.D.); (O.H.); (J.v.d.G.); (T.K.)
- Laboratory of Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Mussault C, Guo H, Sanson N, Hourdet D, Marcellan A. Effect of responsive graft length on mechanical toughening and transparency in microphase-separated hydrogels. Soft Matter 2019; 15:8653-8666. [PMID: 31461108 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective remote control of mechanical toughening can be achieved by using thermo-responsive grafts such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) in a hydrophilic covalently cross-linked polymer network. The weight ratio of PNIPAm grafts in the network may impart such a thermo-responsive mechanical reinforcement. Here, we show that the network topology - especially graft length - is likewise crucial. A series of covalently cross-linked poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) gels grafted with PNIPAm side-chains of different lengths were designed and studied on both sides of phase separation temperature Tc, at a fixed overall polymer concentration of 16.7 wt% and constant PDMA/PNIPAm weight ratio. Phase-separated PNIPAm organic micro-domains were expected to act as responsive fillers above Tc and to generate a purely organic nanocomposite (NC). In contrast to conventional NC gels where dissipative processes take place at the solid nanoparticle/matrix interface, here dissipation originates from the disruption of the filler itself by the unravelling of the PNIPAm grafts embedded in collapsed domains. Results show that PNIPAm graft length is a key parameter to enhance - reversibly and on-demand - the mechanical response. The longer the graft is, the more effective the mechanical toughening is. Interestingly, for long PNIPAm grafts, above Tc, the hydrogels combine perfect transparency together with both increased stiffness and fracture toughness (up to 150 J m-2) at constant macroscopic volume. As a proof of concept, stimuli-responsive adhesion and shape-memory properties were designed to probe the inter-chain bridging efficiency (in bulk or bridging the interface).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Mussault
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Hui Guo
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Sanson
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Ye YN, Cui K, Indei T, Nakajima T, Hourdet D, Kurokawa T, Gong JP. Relaxation Dynamics and Underlying Mechanism of a Thermally Reversible Gel from Symmetric Triblock Copolymer. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dominique Hourdet
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris F-75005, France
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15
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Guo H, Nakajima T, Hourdet D, Marcellan A, Creton C, Hong W, Kurokawa T, Gong JP. Hydrophobic Hydrogels with Fruit-Like Structure and Functions. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1900702. [PMID: 31074929 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Normally, a polymer network swells in a good solvent to form a gel but the gel shrinks in a poor solvent. Here, an abnormal phenomenon is reported: some hydrophobic gels significantly swell in water, reaching water content as high as 99.6 wt%. Such abnormal swelling behaviors in the nonsolvent water are observed universally for various hydrophobic organogels containing omniphilic organic solvents that have a higher affinity to water than to the hydrophobic polymers. The formation of a semipermeable skin layer due to rapid phase separation, and the asymmetric diffusion of water molecules into the gel driven by the high osmotic pressure of the organic solvent-water mixing, are found to be the reasons. As a result, the hydrophobic hydrogels have a fruit-like structure, consisting of hydrophobic skin and water-trapped micropores, to display various unique properties, such as significantly enhanced strength, surface hydrophobicity, and antidrying, despite their extremely high water content. Furthermore, the hydrophobic hydrogels exhibit selective water absorption from concentrated saline solutions and rapid water release at a small pressure like squeezing juices from fruits. These novel functions of hydrophobic hydrogels will find promising applications, e.g., as materials that can automatically take the fresh water from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Laboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tasuku Nakajima
- Laboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Costantino Creton
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Wei Hong
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Laboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
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16
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Cedano-Serrano FJ, Sidoli U, Synytska A, Tran Y, Hourdet D, Creton C. From Molecular Electrostatic Interactions and Hydrogel Architecture to Macroscopic Underwater Adherence. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Cedano-Serrano
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ugo Sidoli
- Department of Polymer Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alla Synytska
- Department of Polymer Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yvette Tran
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Costantino Creton
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
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17
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Dompé M, Cedano-Serrano FJ, Heckert O, van den Heuvel N, van der Gucht J, Tran Y, Hourdet D, Creton C, Kamperman M. Thermoresponsive Complex Coacervate-Based Underwater Adhesive. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1808179. [PMID: 30924992 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sandcastle worms have developed protein-based adhesives, which they use to construct protective tubes from sand grains and shell bits. A key element in the adhesive delivery is the formation of a fluidic complex coacervate phase. After delivery, the adhesive transforms into a solid upon an external trigger. In this work, a fully synthetic in situ setting adhesive based on complex coacervation is reported by mimicking the main features of the sandcastle worm's glue. The adhesive consists of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes grafted with thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) chains and starts out as a fluid complex coacervate that can be injected at room temperature. Upon increasing the temperature above the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAM, the complex coacervate transitions into a nonflowing hydrogel while preserving its volume-the water content in the material stays constant. The adhesive functions in the presence of water and bonds to different surfaces regardless of their charge. This type of adhesive avoids many of the problems of current underwater adhesives and may be useful to bond biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dompé
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco J Cedano-Serrano
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Olaf Heckert
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline van den Heuvel
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette Tran
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Costantino Creton
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Macron
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Bresson
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Yvette Tran
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Costantino Creton
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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19
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Guo H, de Magalhaes Goncalves M, Ducouret G, Hourdet D. Cold and Hot Gelling of Alginate-graft-PNIPAM: a Schizophrenic Behavior Induced by Potassium Salts. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:576-587. [PMID: 29284259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, alginates (ALG) characterized by high mannuronic content (M blocks) have been shown to undergo a reversible sol/gel transition during cooling in the presence of potassium salts. Cold gelling takes place at low temperatures, just below 0 °C for a KCl concentration of 0.3 mol/kg, but the aggregation process can be easily shifted to higher temperatures by increasing the salt concentration. In the present paper, we take advantage of this peculiar behavior to design a copolymer with schizophrenic gelling properties. For this purpose, side chains of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), characterized by a Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) in water, were grafted on the alginate backbone. Working in semidilute solutions, we show by coupling DSC and viscoelastic measurements that ALG-g-PNIPAM solutions are able to form gels either by cooling or heating depending on the ionic environment. As the aggregation process of ALG and PNIPAM depends mainly and respectively on the nature of the cations and anions, the choice of the salt is then critical to control the self-assembly behavior and the gel properties. Moreover, as the gelation process of alginates driven by the aggregation of mannuronic sequences is characterized by a large hysteresis of 20-30 °C between gelling and melting, both ALG and ALG-g-PNIPAM polymers offer a large versatility not only in terms of salt (nature and concentration) but also in preparation history as different states (sol or gel) can be obtained at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University , 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France.,Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités , 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mickaël de Magalhaes Goncalves
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University , 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France.,Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités , 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Guylaine Ducouret
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University , 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France.,Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités , 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University , 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France.,Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités , 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
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Fumagalli M, Belal K, Guo H, Stoffelbach F, Cooke G, Marcellan A, Woisel P, Hourdet D. Supramolecular polymer hydrogels induced by host-guest interactions with di-[cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)] cross-linkers: from molecular complexation to viscoelastic properties. Soft Matter 2017; 13:5269-5282. [PMID: 28676876 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01051f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymer networks have been designed on the basis of a π-electron donor/acceptor complex: naphthalene (N)/cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT4+ = B). For this purpose, a copolymer of N,N-dimethylacrylamide P(DMA-N1), lightly decorated with 1 mol% of naphthalene pendant groups, has been studied in semi-dilute un-entangled solution in the presence of di-CBPQT4+ (BB) crosslinker type molecules. While calorimetric experiments demonstrate the quantitative binding between N and B groups up to 60 °C, the introduction of BB crosslinkers into the polymer solution gives rise to gel formation above the overlap concentration. From a comprehensive investigation of viscoelastic properties, performed at different concentrations, host/guest stoichiometric ratios and temperatures, the supramolecular hydrogels are shown to follow a Maxwellian behavior with a strong correlation of the plateau modulus and the relaxation time with the effective amount of interchain cross-linkers and their dissociation dynamics, respectively. The calculation of the dissociation rate constant of the supramolecular complex, by extrapolation of the relaxation time of the network back to the beginning of the gel regime, is discussed in the framework of theoretical and experimental works on associating polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Fumagalli
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France.
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21
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Guo H, Mussault C, Marcellan A, Hourdet D, Sanson N. Hydrogels with Dual Thermoresponsive Mechanical Performance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering; ESPCI Paris; PSL Research University; CNRS UMR 7615; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris cedex 05 France
- UPMC - University of Paris VI; Sorbonne Universités; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris cedex 05 France
| | - Cécile Mussault
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering; ESPCI Paris; PSL Research University; CNRS UMR 7615; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris cedex 05 France
- UPMC - University of Paris VI; Sorbonne Universités; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris cedex 05 France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering; ESPCI Paris; PSL Research University; CNRS UMR 7615; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris cedex 05 France
- UPMC - University of Paris VI; Sorbonne Universités; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris cedex 05 France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering; ESPCI Paris; PSL Research University; CNRS UMR 7615; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris cedex 05 France
- UPMC - University of Paris VI; Sorbonne Universités; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris cedex 05 France
| | - Nicolas Sanson
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering; ESPCI Paris; PSL Research University; CNRS UMR 7615; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris cedex 05 France
- UPMC - University of Paris VI; Sorbonne Universités; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris cedex 05 France
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Guo H, Sanson N, Marcellan A, Hourdet D. Thermoresponsive Toughening in LCST-Type Hydrogels: Comparison between Semi-Interpenetrated and Grafted Networks. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Laboratoire Sciences
et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS, PSL Research
University, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Sanson
- Laboratoire Sciences
et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS, PSL Research
University, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Laboratoire Sciences
et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS, PSL Research
University, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Laboratoire Sciences
et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS, PSL Research
University, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
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Belal K, Stoffelbach F, Lyskawa J, Fumagalli M, Hourdet D, Marcellan A, Smet LD, de la Rosa VR, Cooke G, Hoogenboom R, Woisel P. Recognition-Mediated Hydrogel Swelling Controlled by Interaction with a Negative Thermoresponsive LCST Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13974-13978. [PMID: 27730718 PMCID: PMC5113761 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Most polymeric thermoresponsive hydrogels contract upon heating beyond the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymers used. Herein, we report a supramolecular hydrogel system that shows the opposite temperature dependence. When the non-thermosesponsive hydrogel NaphtGel, containing dialkoxynaphthalene guest molecules, becomes complexed with the tetra cationic macrocyclic host CBPQT4+ , swelling occurred as a result of host-guest complex formation leading to charge repulsion between the host units, as well as an osmotic contribution of chloride counter-ions embedded in the network. The immersion of NaphtGel in a solution of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) end groups complexed with CBPQT4+ induced positive thermoresponsive behaviour. The LCST-induced dethreading of the polymer-based pseudorotaxane upon heating led to transfer of the CBPQT4+ host and a concomitant swelling of NaphtGel. Subsequent cooling led to reformation of the TTF-based host-guest complexes in solution and contraction of the hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Belal
- Unité des Matériaux et Transformations, UMR CNRS 8207, ENSCL, Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP), 59655, Villeneuve O'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - François Stoffelbach
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, Equipe: chimie des polymères F-, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Joël Lyskawa
- Unité des Matériaux et Transformations, UMR CNRS 8207, ENSCL, Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP), 59655, Villeneuve O'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Matthieu Fumagalli
- ESPCI ParisTech (PSL Research University) and UPMC Univ. Paris 06 (Sorbonne Universités), Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (CNRS UMR 7615), 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- ESPCI ParisTech (PSL Research University) and UPMC Univ. Paris 06 (Sorbonne Universités), Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (CNRS UMR 7615), 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- ESPCI ParisTech (PSL Research University) and UPMC Univ. Paris 06 (Sorbonne Universités), Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (CNRS UMR 7615), 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Lieselot De Smet
- Unité des Matériaux et Transformations, UMR CNRS 8207, ENSCL, Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP), 59655, Villeneuve O'Ascq Cedex, France
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Victor R de la Rosa
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Graeme Cooke
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Patrice Woisel
- Unité des Matériaux et Transformations, UMR CNRS 8207, ENSCL, Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP), 59655, Villeneuve O'Ascq Cedex, France.
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24
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Belal K, Stoffelbach F, Lyskawa J, Fumagalli M, Hourdet D, Marcellan A, Smet LD, de la Rosa VR, Cooke G, Hoogenboom R, Woisel P. Recognition-Mediated Hydrogel Swelling Controlled by Interaction with a Negative Thermoresponsive LCST Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Belal
- Unité des Matériaux et Transformations, UMR CNRS 8207, ENSCL; Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP); 59655 Villeneuve O'Ascq Cedex France
| | - François Stoffelbach
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; UMR 8232, Equipe: chimie des polymères F-; 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Joël Lyskawa
- Unité des Matériaux et Transformations, UMR CNRS 8207, ENSCL; Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP); 59655 Villeneuve O'Ascq Cedex France
| | - Matthieu Fumagalli
- ESPCI ParisTech (PSL Research University) and UPMC Univ. Paris 06 (Sorbonne Universités); Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (CNRS UMR 7615); 10 Rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- ESPCI ParisTech (PSL Research University) and UPMC Univ. Paris 06 (Sorbonne Universités); Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (CNRS UMR 7615); 10 Rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- ESPCI ParisTech (PSL Research University) and UPMC Univ. Paris 06 (Sorbonne Universités); Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (CNRS UMR 7615); 10 Rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris France
| | - Lieselot De Smet
- Unité des Matériaux et Transformations, UMR CNRS 8207, ENSCL; Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP); 59655 Villeneuve O'Ascq Cedex France
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group; Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Victor R. de la Rosa
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group; Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Graeme Cooke
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group; Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Patrice Woisel
- Unité des Matériaux et Transformations, UMR CNRS 8207, ENSCL; Equipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères (ISP); 59655 Villeneuve O'Ascq Cedex France
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25
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Guo H, Sanson N, Hourdet D, Marcellan A. Thermoresponsive Toughening with Crack Bifurcation in Phase-Separated Hydrogels under Isochoric Conditions. Adv Mater 2016; 28:7043. [PMID: 27581710 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Guo H, Sanson N, Hourdet D, Marcellan A. Thermoresponsive Toughening with Crack Bifurcation in Phase-Separated Hydrogels under Isochoric Conditions. Adv Mater 2016; 28:5857-5864. [PMID: 27159115 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel mode of gel toughening displaying crack bifurcation is highlighted in phase-separated hydrogels. By exploring original covalent network topologies, phase-separated gels under isochoric conditions demonstrate advanced thermoresponsive mechanical properties: excellent fatigue resistance, self-healing, and remarkable fracture energies. Beyond the phase-transition temperature, the fracture proceeds by a systematic crack-bifurcation process, unreported so far in gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL - Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR CNRS 7615, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75231, Paris 5, France
| | - Nicolas Sanson
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL - Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR CNRS 7615, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75231, Paris 5, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL - Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR CNRS 7615, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75231, Paris 5, France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL - Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR CNRS 7615, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75231, Paris 5, France
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Guo H, Mussault C, Brûlet A, Marcellan A, Hourdet D, Sanson N. Thermoresponsive Toughening in LCST-Type Hydrogels with Opposite Topology: From Structure to Fracture Properties. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- École
Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville
de Paris (ESPCI), ParisTech, PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, 10 rue
Vauquelin, F-75231, Paris cedex 05, France
- Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, SIMM, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Cécile Mussault
- École
Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville
de Paris (ESPCI), ParisTech, PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, 10 rue
Vauquelin, F-75231, Paris cedex 05, France
- Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, SIMM, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Annie Brûlet
- Laboratoire
Léon Brillouin (UMR 12 CEA CNRS), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- École
Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville
de Paris (ESPCI), ParisTech, PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, 10 rue
Vauquelin, F-75231, Paris cedex 05, France
- Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, SIMM, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- École
Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville
de Paris (ESPCI), ParisTech, PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, 10 rue
Vauquelin, F-75231, Paris cedex 05, France
- Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, SIMM, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Nicolas Sanson
- École
Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville
de Paris (ESPCI), ParisTech, PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, 10 rue
Vauquelin, F-75231, Paris cedex 05, France
- Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, SIMM, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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28
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Rose S, Marcellan A, Narita T, Boué F, Cousin F, Hourdet D. Structure investigation of nanohybrid PDMA/silica hydrogels at rest and under uniaxial deformation. Soft Matter 2015; 11:5905-5917. [PMID: 26119868 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01121c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nano-hybrid hydrogels were prepared by cross-linking polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) within a dispersion of silica nano-particles. Working at constant polymer/water ratio, the mechanical properties of hydrogels can be finely tuned by changing either the level of covalent cross-linker and/or the amount of particles that act as physical cross-linkers through specific adsorption of PDMA chains. Whatever is the cross-linking ratio (from 0 to 1 mol%), the introduction of silica nano-particles dramatically improves the mechanical behavior of hydrogels with a concomitant increase of stiffness and nominal strain at failure. The physical interactions being reversible in nature, the dynamics of the adsorption/desorption process of PDMA chains directly controls the time-dependence of the mechanical properties. Small angle neutron scattering experiments, performed in contrast matching conditions, show that silica particles, which repel themselves at short range, remain randomly dispersed during the formation of the PDMA network. Although PDMA chains readily interact with silica particles, no significant variation of the polymer concentration was observed in the vicinity of silica surfaces. Together with the time dependence of physical interactions pointed out by mechanical analyses, this result is attributed to the moderate adsorption energy of PDMA chains with silica surfaces at pH 9. From 2D SANS experiments, it was shown that strain rapidly gives rise to a non affine deformation of the hybrid network with shearing due to the transverse compression of the particles. After loading at intermediate deformation, the particles recover their initial distribution due to the covalent network that is not damaged in these conditions. That is no longer true at high deformation where residual anisotropy is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Rose
- ESPCI/Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06/CNRS, UMR 7615, SIMM, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75005, Paris, France.
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29
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Gupta NR, Torris A. T A, Wadgaonkar PP, Rajamohanan P, Ducouret G, Hourdet D, Creton C, Badiger MV. Synthesis and characterization of PEPO grafted carboxymethyl guar and carboxymethyl tamarind as new thermo-associating polymers. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 117:331-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Guo H, Brûlet A, Rajamohanan PR, Marcellan A, Sanson N, Hourdet D. Influence of topology of LCST-based graft copolymers on responsive assembling in aqueous media. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Sudre G, Hourdet D, Creton C, Cousin F, Tran Y. Probing pH-responsive interactions between polymer brushes and hydrogels by neutron reflectivity. Langmuir 2014; 30:9700-9706. [PMID: 25099624 DOI: 10.1021/la501568p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of specific interactions on the structure of interfaces between a brush and a hydrogel on the polymer chain length scale. We used a model system for which the interactions between the brush and the gel are switchable. We synthesized weak polyelectrolyte brushes of poly(acrylic acid) and hydrogels of polyacrylamide and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) which interact solely when the poly(acrylic acid) is mainly in its acidic form. The monomer density profiles of the poly(acrylic acid) brush immersed in pure deuterium oxide (D2O) or in contact with a D2O-swollen gel were determined by neutron reflectivity. At pH 2 when the brush is in its neutral form, it interacts with the gel by hydrogen bonds while at pH 9 when the brush is a polyelectrolyte it is not interacting with the gel. Our results show that the presence of interactions with the gel at pH 2 increases the swelling ratio of the brush relative to that in pure D2O, meaning that the brushes exhibit conformations which are more extended from the surface than in the absence of interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Sudre
- Laboratoire de Science et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, UMR 7615 CNRS/UPMC/ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
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Petit L, Carlsson L, Rose S, Marcellan A, Narita T, Hourdet D. Design and Viscoelastic Properties of PDMA/Silica Assemblies in Aqueous Media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201450307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Petit
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM); UMR 7615 CNRS/UPMC/ESPCI ParisTech; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Linn Carlsson
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM); UMR 7615 CNRS/UPMC/ESPCI ParisTech; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Séverine Rose
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM); UMR 7615 CNRS/UPMC/ESPCI ParisTech; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM); UMR 7615 CNRS/UPMC/ESPCI ParisTech; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Tetsuharu Narita
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM); UMR 7615 CNRS/UPMC/ESPCI ParisTech; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM); UMR 7615 CNRS/UPMC/ESPCI ParisTech; 10 rue Vauquelin F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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Sudre G, Hourdet D, Creton C, Cousin F, Tran Y. pH-Responsive Swelling of Poly(acrylic acid) Brushes Synthesized by the Grafting Onto Route. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Sudre
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering; ESPCI ParisTech-CNRS-UPMC; 10 Rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères; UMR CNRS 5223 - Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1; 15, Bd A. Latarjet 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering; ESPCI ParisTech-CNRS-UPMC; 10 Rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Costantino Creton
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering; ESPCI ParisTech-CNRS-UPMC; 10 Rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Fabrice Cousin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Yvette Tran
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering; ESPCI ParisTech-CNRS-UPMC; 10 Rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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Rose S, Marcellan A, Hourdet D, Narita T. Dynamics of Hybrid Poly(acrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) Hydrogels Containing Silica Nanoparticles Studied by Dynamic Light Scattering. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400918f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Rose
- Laboratoire SIMM-PPMD,
UMR7615, UPMC-ESPCI ParisTech-CNRS, 10
Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Laboratoire SIMM-PPMD,
UMR7615, UPMC-ESPCI ParisTech-CNRS, 10
Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Laboratoire SIMM-PPMD,
UMR7615, UPMC-ESPCI ParisTech-CNRS, 10
Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Tetsuharu Narita
- Laboratoire SIMM-PPMD,
UMR7615, UPMC-ESPCI ParisTech-CNRS, 10
Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Rose S, Marcellan A, Hourdet D, Creton C, Narita T. Dynamics of Hybrid Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Containing Silica Nanoparticles Studied by Dynamic Light Scattering. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4004874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Rose
- Laboratoire SIMM-PPMD, UMR7615, UPMC-ESPCI ParisTech-CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex05,
France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Laboratoire SIMM-PPMD, UMR7615, UPMC-ESPCI ParisTech-CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex05,
France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Laboratoire SIMM-PPMD, UMR7615, UPMC-ESPCI ParisTech-CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex05,
France
| | - Costantino Creton
- Laboratoire SIMM-PPMD, UMR7615, UPMC-ESPCI ParisTech-CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex05,
France
| | - Tetsuharu Narita
- Laboratoire SIMM-PPMD, UMR7615, UPMC-ESPCI ParisTech-CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex05,
France
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Rose
- PPMD, Physico-Chimie des Polymères
et des Milieux
Dispersés (UMR 7615), UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Alexandre Dizeux
- PPMD, Physico-Chimie des Polymères
et des Milieux
Dispersés (UMR 7615), UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Tetsuharu Narita
- PPMD, Physico-Chimie des Polymères
et des Milieux
Dispersés (UMR 7615), UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- PPMD, Physico-Chimie des Polymères
et des Milieux
Dispersés (UMR 7615), UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- PPMD, Physico-Chimie des Polymères
et des Milieux
Dispersés (UMR 7615), UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Hourdet D, Ducouret G, Varghese S, Badiger MV, Wadgaonkar PP. Thermodynamic behavior of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide containing random distribution of hydrophobes: Experimental and theoretical investigations. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sudre G, Hourdet D, Cousin F, Creton C, Tran Y. Structure of surfaces and interfaces of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) hydrogels. Langmuir 2012; 28:12282-12287. [PMID: 22823739 DOI: 10.1021/la301417x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the surface structure of hydrogels of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) hydrogels synthesized and cross-linked simultaneously by redox free radical polymerization. We demonstrate the existence of a less cross-linked layer at the surface of the gel at least at two different length scales characterized by shear rheology and by neutron reflectivity, suggesting the existence of a gradient in cross-linking. The composition of the layer is shown to depend on the degree of hydrophobicity of the mold surface and is weaker for more hydrophobic molds. While the macroscopic tests proved the existence of a relatively thick under-cross-linked layer, we also demonstrated by neutron reflectivity that the gel surface at the submicrometric scale (500 nm) was also affected by the surface treatment of the mold. These results should have important implications for the measurement of macroscopic surface properties of these hydrogels such as friction or adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Sudre
- Laboratoire de Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, UMR 7615 CNRS/UPMC/ESPCI ParisTech, Paris, France
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Wintgens
- Systèmes Polymères Complexes, ICMPE (UMR 7182 CNRS-UPEC),
2 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Anne-Magali Layre
- Soft Matter Science and Engineering (UMR 7615 UPMC−CNRS-ESPCI), ESCPI,
10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Soft Matter Science and Engineering (UMR 7615 UPMC−CNRS-ESPCI), ESCPI,
10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Catherine Amiel
- Systèmes Polymères Complexes, ICMPE (UMR 7182 CNRS-UPEC),
2 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
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Sudre G, Tran Y, Creton C, Hourdet D. pH/Temperature control of interpolymer complexation between poly(acrylic acid) and weak polybases in aqueous solutions. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Siband
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés UMR 7615, ESPCI-CNRS-UPMC, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Yvette Tran
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés UMR 7615, ESPCI-CNRS-UPMC, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés UMR 7615, ESPCI-CNRS-UPMC, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Karakasyan C, Legros M, Lack S, Brunel F, Maingault P, Ducouret G, Hourdet D. Cold gelation of alginates induced by monovalent cations. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:2966-75. [PMID: 20931958 DOI: 10.1021/bm100776b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new reversible gelation pathway is described for alginates in aqueous media. From various samples differing by their mannuronic/guluronic content (M/G), both enthalpic and viscoelastic experiments demonstrate that alginates having a high M content are able to form thermoreversible assemblies in the presence of potassium salts. The aggregation behavior is driven by the low solubility of M-blocks at low temperature and high ionic strength. In semidilute solutions, responsive assemblies induce a strong increase of the viscosity below a critical temperature. A true physical gel is obtained in the entangled regime, although the length scale of specific interactions between M-blocks decreases with increasing density of entanglements. Cold setting takes place at low temperatures, below 0 °C for potassium concentrations lower than 0.2 mol/kg, but the aggregation process can be easily shifted to higher temperatures by increasing the salt concentration. The self-assembling process of alginates in solution of potassium salts is characterized by a sharp gelation exotherm and a broad melting endotherm with a large hysteresis of 20-30 °C between the transition temperatures. The viscoelastic properties of alginate gels in potassium salts closely depend on thermal treatment (rate of cooling, time, and temperature of storage), polymer and salt concentrations, and monomer composition as well. In the case of alginates with a high G content, a similar aggregation behavior is also evidenced at higher salt concentrations, but the extent of the self-assembling process remains too weak to develop a true gelation behavior in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Karakasyan
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés (UMR 7615, UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI), 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Laboratoires Brothier, Z.A. B.P. 26, 49590 Fontevraud L'Abbaye, France
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Lin WC, Fan W, Marcellan A, Hourdet D, Creton C. Large Strain and Fracture Properties of Poly(dimethylacrylamide)/Silica Hybrid Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901937r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Lin
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés (PPMD), ESPCI 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Wei Fan
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés (PPMD), ESPCI 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés (PPMD), ESPCI 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés (PPMD), ESPCI 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Costantino Creton
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés (PPMD), ESPCI 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
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Kadam VS, Badiger MV, Wadgaonkar PP, Ducouret G, Hourdet D. Synthesis and self-assembling properties of α,ω-hydroxy-poly(ethylene oxide) end-capped with 1-isocyanato-3-pentadecylcyclohexane. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Karakasyan C, Lack S, Brunel F, Maingault P, Hourdet D. Synthesis and Rheological Properties of Responsive Thickeners Based on Polysaccharide Architectures. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2419-29. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800393s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Karakasyan
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, UMR 7615, UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Laboratoires Brothier, Z.A. B.P. 26, 49590 Fontevraud L’Abbaye, France
| | - S. Lack
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, UMR 7615, UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Laboratoires Brothier, Z.A. B.P. 26, 49590 Fontevraud L’Abbaye, France
| | - F. Brunel
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, UMR 7615, UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Laboratoires Brothier, Z.A. B.P. 26, 49590 Fontevraud L’Abbaye, France
| | - P. Maingault
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, UMR 7615, UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Laboratoires Brothier, Z.A. B.P. 26, 49590 Fontevraud L’Abbaye, France
| | - D. Hourdet
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, UMR 7615, UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Laboratoires Brothier, Z.A. B.P. 26, 49590 Fontevraud L’Abbaye, France
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Abstract
Systematic large strain compression measurements have been performed on polyelectrolyte hydrogels based on modified PAA crosslinked by bifunctional thiols. For compressive strains larger than a critical value depending on polymer concentration, we observed a significant hysteresis, strain-hardening and a stress plateau during unloading. This was attributed to strain-induced ionic clustering due to electrostatic interactions that can become attractive if chains are close enough to each other. This phenomenon is dynamic and reversible but a long lifetime for the clusters has been identified. Although clustering between like-charge chains has been reported for hydrogels, it is the first time that this phenomenon is caused by deformation. This effect is potentially important as we strive to understand the behaviour of all polyelectrolyte hydrogels at large strains which are highly relevant for fracture properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Miquelard-Garnier
- Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, UMR 7615, UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Costantino Creton
- Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, UMR 7615, UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, UMR 7615, UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
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Abstract
Responsive copolymers have been prepared by grafting onto a poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) backbone [PAM-co-PANa] poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) stickers [PNIPA] characterized by a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water. From adsorption isotherms and DSC studies performed on PNIPA/silica mixtures, it was shown that PNIPA chains irreversibly interact with silica particles and that at low coverage they partially lose their responsiveness with temperature. When PNIPA is grafted onto a PAM-co-PANa backbone, which has no specific attraction to silica surfaces (only electrostatic repulsions), their binding process remains very similar to the one analyzed with PNIPA chains alone. Above critical copolymer and silica concentrations (Cp congruent with 1 g/L and CSi congruent with 30 g/L), hybrid networks can be formed following the rules of percolation theory. The viscoelastic properties of these networks are controlled by the concentration of inorganic cross links and the fraction of PNIPA grafts participating in bridges between particles, the others being involved in inelastic loops or pendant chains. For all of the mixtures investigated, an optimum weight ratio of RSi/PNIPA = 10-15 was found for the viscoelastic properties, in agreement with the saturation of silica beads by the copolymer. Because of the responsive behavior of PNIPA in aqueous solutions, graft copolymers are able to self-assemble with temperature, giving rise to a sol/gel transition upon heating. In the presence of added silica, hybrid aggregates (silica/PNIPA) coexist at high temperature with organic ones (PNIPA/PNIPA) with synergistic or antagonistic effects on the elastic properties depending on the proportion of PNIPA grafts per silica particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Petit
- Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés (UMR 7615 UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI), 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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