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Evangelista FF, de Laet Sant'Ana P, Ferreira WC, Ferreira TA, Dos Santos ML, de Souza AH, de Andrade FAL, da Silva DA, de Barros LD, Colli CM, Nogueira-Melo GA, Costa IN, Falavigna-Guilherme AL. The Brazilian Toxoplasma gondii strain BRI caused greater inflammation and impairment in anxiogenic behavior in mice, which was reverted by rosuvastatin treatment. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:64. [PMID: 38117414 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of rosuvastatin treatment on anxiety-related behavior and short- and long-term memory impairment in mice infected with acute RH and BRI strains of Toxoplasma gondii. Balb/C mice were infected intraperitoneally and after 2 h, oral treatment with rosuvastatin (40 mg/kg/day) was initiated for 4 days. Behaviors related to anxiety and locomotion were evaluated in the open field (OF), and short- and long-term memory through the novel object recognition test (NOR). At the end of the experiments, peritoneal fluid, brain, liver, and lung were collected for T. gondii DNA quantification and histopathological analysis. Infection with BRI strain reduced the dwell time and central locomotion in the OF (p < 0.05), indicating anxiogenic type behavior, while treatment with rosuvastatin reversed this response (p < 0.05). RH strain infection did not alter any behavior in the OF (p > 0.05) and both strains impaired short- and long-term memory (NOR test), but with no significant treatment effect (p > 0.05). The BRI strain was shown to be more damaging in relation to anxiogenic type behavior when compared to the RH strain (p < 0.05), whereas rosuvastatin reduced this damaging effect in BRI. The treatment reduced the parasite load in the peritoneal lavage, liver, and lung of animals infected with both acute strains; however, it significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated the inflammatory process only in BRI-infected and treated animals, showing that non-archetypal genotypes are more damaging in rodents. This suggests that rosuvastatin may be a drug with great therapeutic potential against T. gondii mainly to reduce damage from virulent strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Daniel de Barros
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Ladeia WA, Martins FDC, Nino BDSL, Silvério ADC, da Silva AC, Ossada R, da Silva DA, Garcia JL, Freire RL. High occurrence of viable forms of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in domestic sewage from an agricultural region of Brazil. J Water Health 2022; 20:1405-1415. [PMID: 36170194 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium and Giardia are the main etiologies of waterborne outbreaks caused by protozoa. These parasites are commonly detected in wastewater; however, there is little knowledge about the concentration of viable forms in treated sewage, mainly in small communities. To understand more about the presence of viable oocysts and cysts in domestic sewage, we monitored the affluent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in inner-city Brazil. Ten samplings and seven follow-ups were performed in 2020. Samples were concentrated by centrifugation, filtration and purified by fluctuation. Viability was accessed by propidium-monoazide (PMA) associated with nPCR and qPCR. Both viable protozoa were detected in all raw sewage samples (average: 438.5 viable oocysts/L). Regarding treated sewage, Cryptosporidium was detected in all of the samples (average: 92.8 viable oocysts/L) and Giardia was detected in 70% with viable cysts in 30%. Considering the follow-ups, 31.17% of Cryptosporidium viable oocysts remained in the effluent after the treatment. High amounts of Cryptosporidium and a high frequency of Giardia were detected, therefore both arrived at WWTP and were discharged into the river. These alert the presence of agro-industrial effluents into domestic sewage and demonstrated the effectiveness of the concentration technique for monitoring protozoa in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winni Alves Ladeia
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Highway km 388, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Felippe Danyel Cardoso Martins
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Highway km 388, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Beatriz de Souza Lima Nino
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Highway km 388, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Arielle da Cunha Silvério
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Highway km 388, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Ana Clécia da Silva
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Highway km 388, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Raul Ossada
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics College, São Paulo University, Professor Orlando M de Paiva Avenue, 87, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Douglas Aparecido da Silva
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Highway km 388, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil E-mail:
| | - João Luis Garcia
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Highway km 388, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Roberta Lemos Freire
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Highway km 388, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil E-mail:
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Jurkevicz RMB, Silva DAD, Ferreira Neto JM, Matos AMRND, Pires BG, Paschoal ATP, Pinto-Ferreira F, Bracarense APFL, Mitsuka-Breganó R, Freire RL, Navarro IT, Caldart ET. Absence of Trichinella spp. larvae in carcasses of road-killed wild animals in Paraná state, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2022; 31:e010622. [PMID: 36287424 PMCID: PMC9901860 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichinella spp. are zoonotic parasites that are widely distributed in warm-blooded carnivores and omnivores, including humans. Until the present moment, Brazil has been considered by World Animal Health Organization free from the domestic cycle of trichinellosis, whereas the parasite's sylvatic cycle has the status of infection in limited zones. However, neighboring countries such as Argentina have reports of parasite larvae in the wild fauna. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence of Trichinella spp. in road-killed wild animals in Paraná, Brazil. Biological samples from 71 wild animals-29 Didelphis albiventris, 11 Nasua nasua, ten Cerdocyon thous, seven Dasypus novemcinctus, six Leopardus guttulus, six Sphiggurus spinosus and two Puma concolor-collected from November 2016 to November 2021 were subjected to artificial digestion, following the methodology described in the REGULATION (EC) No. 2075/2005. No Trichinella spp. larvae were detected in the carcasses of the road-killed wild animals. However, considering the wide spectrum of possible reservoirs that could act as a link between the sylvatic and domestic cycles and considering the current Brazilian status of sylvatic trichinellosis in limited zones, frequent monitoring of wild fauna remains necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Aparecido da Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - José Maurício Ferreira Neto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Bárbara Giglio Pires
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Fernanda Pinto-Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Regina Mitsuka-Breganó
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Roberta Lemos Freire
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Italmar Teodorico Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Eloiza Teles Caldart
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
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Silva DAD, Bonatto NCM, Venturin GL, Melo LM, Oliveira PLD, Costa LR, Bosculo MRM, Barros LDD, Lima VMFD, Almeida BFMD. Epidemiology of canine visceral leishmaniasis in a vulnerable region in Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2021; 30:e009921. [PMID: 34495125 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected and endemic zoonosis that occurs throughout Brazil; nevertheless, few studies have focused on the early detection of the disease. The municipality of Ourinhos is a non-receptive, silent and vulnerable area for VL, where the seroprevalence of this disease has so far not been investigated. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of canine VL in Ourinhos-SP, and to identify the presence of risk factors. Blood samples were obtained from 604 dogs during a rabies vaccination campaign together with application of a socioeconomic questionnaire, environmental and animal characteristics and tutor's knowledge about the disease. The samples were subjected to indirect ELISA and new samples were collected from reactive and suspect animals, including whole blood and lymph node aspiration evaluated by parasitological method, complete blood count and PCR. No animal was diagnosed as positive based on the combination of direct and indirect tests and the tutors' answers indicated little knowledge about leishmaniasis, being often confused with other diseases transmitted by arthropods; hence, according to the proposed methods, the presence of canine leishmaniasis in the city of Ourinhos was not confirmed and health education campaigns about the disease should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Aparecido da Silva
- Laboratório de Protozoologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina -UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Natália Camila Minucci Bonatto
- Laboratório Clínico Veterinário, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Lovizutto Venturin
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Larissa Martins Melo
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Paula Lima de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
- Hospital Veterinário Roque Quagliato, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos - Uni, Ourinhos, SP, Brasil
| | - Letícia Ramos Costa
- Hospital Veterinário Roque Quagliato, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos - Uni, Ourinhos, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Rachel Melo Bosculo
- Hospital Veterinário Roque Quagliato, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos - Uni, Ourinhos, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Daniel de Barros
- Laboratório de Protozoologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina -UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Breno Fernando Martins de Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
- Hospital Veterinário Roque Quagliato, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos - Uni, Ourinhos, SP, Brasil
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