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Xu Y, Margolin D. Collective Information Seeking During a Health Crisis : Predictors of Google Trends During COVID-19. Health Commun 2024; 39:388-402. [PMID: 36683356 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2167578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article approaches collective health information seeking from computational method by investigating patterns of Google Trends data in the United States during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed factors that prompted a community's curiosity, and information that communities were most curious about. The results of our cross-sectional and time-series-based analyses reveal a few salient findings: (1) Republican leaning states searched less frequently, and while states with more cases searched more, partisan lean is a more significant predictor; (2) States with greater level of poverty searched less frequently; (3) Leadership on the national level significantly influenced people's searching behavior; (4) Communities were most interested in "local risk" information as well as quantifiable information. We show in this work that established individual information seeking theoretical predictors (risk) can predict online collective information demand and information seeking subcategories with important contributions from collective conditions (leadership). Health communication practitioners can design health messages and choose media channels more purposefully according to what people are most interested in searching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Xu
- Department of Communication, Cornell University
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King AJ, Margolin D, Tong C, Chunara R, Niederdeppe J. Making Sense of Social Media Data About Colorectal Cancer Screening. J Am Coll Radiol 2024; 21:543-544. [PMID: 37838186 PMCID: PMC10954397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy J. King
- Cancer Control & Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Drew Margolin
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chau Tong
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rumi Chunara
- Department of Biostatistics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeff Niederdeppe
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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King AJ, Dunbar NM, Margolin D, Chunara R, Tong C, Jih-Vieira L, Matsen CB, Niederdeppe J. Global prevalence and content of information about alcohol use as a cancer risk factor on Twitter. Prev Med 2023; 177:107728. [PMID: 37844803 PMCID: PMC10872596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcohol use is a major risk factor for several forms of cancer, though many people have limited knowledge of this link. Public health communicators and cancer advocates desire to increase awareness of this link with the long-term goal of reducing cancer burden. The current study is the first to examine the prevalence and content of information about alcohol use as a cancer risk on social media internationally. METHODS We used a three-phase process (hashtag search, dictionary-based auto-identification of content, and human coding of content) to identify and evaluate information from Twitter posts between January 2019 and December 2021. RESULTS Our hashtag search retrieved a large set of cancer-related tweets (N = 1,122,397). The automatic search process using an alcohol dictionary identified a small number of messages about cancer that also mentioned alcohol (n = 9061, 0.8%), a number that got small after adjusting for human coded estimates of the dictionary precision (n = 5927, 0.5%). When cancer-related messages also mentioned alcohol, 82% (n = 1003 of 1225 examined through human coding) indicated alcohol use as a risk factor. Coding found rare instances of problematic information (e.g., promotion of alcohol, misinformation) in messages about alcohol use and cancer. CONCLUSIONS Few social media messages about cancer types that can be linked to alcohol mention alcohol as a cancer risk factor. If public health communicators and cancer advocates want to increase knowledge and understanding of alcohol use as a cancer risk factor, efforts will need to be made on social media and through other communication platforms to increase exposure to this information over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J King
- Cancer Control & Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Natalie M Dunbar
- Greenlee School of Journalism and Communication, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Drew Margolin
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rumi Chunara
- Department of Biostatistics, New York University, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Computer Science & Engineering, New York University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Chau Tong
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lea Jih-Vieira
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cindy B Matsen
- Cancer Control & Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeff Niederdeppe
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Jeb E. Brooks School of Public policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Moore OA, Susskind AM, Margolin D. Dynamic resource‐acquisition strategies: Analysis of survivor betweenness centrality relationships after downsizing. J Occupat & Organ Psyc 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozias A. Moore
- College of Business Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania USA
| | - Alex M. Susskind
- Nolan School of Hotel Administration, SC Johnson College of Business Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Drew Margolin
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
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Tong C, Margolin D, Chunara R, Niederdeppe J, Taylor T, Dunbar N, King AJ. Search Term Identification Methods for Computational Health Communication: Word Embedding and Network Approach for Health Content on YouTube. JMIR Med Inform 2022; 10:e37862. [PMID: 36040760 PMCID: PMC9472050 DOI: 10.2196/37862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Common methods for extracting content in health communication research typically involve using a set of well-established queries, often names of medical procedures or diseases, that are often technical or rarely used in the public discussion of health topics. Although these methods produce high recall (ie, retrieve highly relevant content), they tend to overlook health messages that feature colloquial language and layperson vocabularies on social media. Given how such messages could contain misinformation or obscure content that circumvents official medical concepts, correctly identifying (and analyzing) them is crucial to the study of user-generated health content on social media platforms. Objective Health communication scholars would benefit from a retrieval process that goes beyond the use of standard terminologies as search queries. Motivated by this, this study aims to put forward a search term identification method to improve the retrieval of user-generated health content on social media. We focused on cancer screening tests as a subject and YouTube as a platform case study. Methods We retrieved YouTube videos using cancer screening procedures (colonoscopy, fecal occult blood test, mammogram, and pap test) as seed queries. We then trained word embedding models using text features from these videos to identify the nearest neighbor terms that are semantically similar to cancer screening tests in colloquial language. Retrieving more YouTube videos from the top neighbor terms, we coded a sample of 150 random videos from each term for relevance. We then used text mining to examine the new content retrieved from these videos and network analysis to inspect the relations between the newly retrieved videos and videos from the seed queries. Results The top terms with semantic similarities to cancer screening tests were identified via word embedding models. Text mining analysis showed that the 5 nearest neighbor terms retrieved content that was novel and contextually diverse, beyond the content retrieved from cancer screening concepts alone. Results from network analysis showed that the newly retrieved videos had at least one total degree of connection (sum of indegree and outdegree) with seed videos according to YouTube relatedness measures. Conclusions We demonstrated a retrieval technique to improve recall and minimize precision loss, which can be extended to various health topics on YouTube, a popular video-sharing social media platform. We discussed how health communication scholars can apply the technique to inspect the performance of the retrieval strategy before investing human coding resources and outlined suggestions on how such a technique can be extended to other health contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Tong
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Drew Margolin
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rumi Chunara
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeff Niederdeppe
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Jeb E Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Teairah Taylor
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Natalie Dunbar
- Greenlee School of Journalism and Communication, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Andy J King
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Yu C, Liao W, Margolin D. The differential impacts of blinded online reviews: Comparing socio-emotional features of guest and host reviews on Airbnb. Telematics and Informatics 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2021.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Xu Y, Margolin D, Niederdeppe J. Testing Strategies to Increase Source Credibility through Strategic Message Design in the Context of Vaccination and Vaccine Hesitancy. Health Commun 2021; 36:1354-1367. [PMID: 32308037 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1751400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Health communicators in the United States face substantial challenges in their efforts to increase parent uptake of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine for their children. One major set of challenges involves low levels of trust in medical science behind vaccination safety and effectiveness, pharmaceutical companies who produce these vaccines, and government health agencies who promote vaccination. We conducted a two-wave randomized experiment (N = 1,000 at time 1, t1, N = 803 at time 2, t2) to test whether messages designed to convey the expertise, trustworthiness, or caring/goodwill of a governmental source of information (the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) increased perceived source credibility, increased parent intentions to vaccinate their children, and/or reduced vaccine hesitancy. We found no support for any of the study's original, pre-registered hypotheses. However, post-hoc analyses reveal a variety of promising directions for future work on strategic messaging to increase source credibility in the context of vaccine hesitancy. A message designed to convey source expertise produced greater perceived caring/goodwill among parents overall. Furthermore, among parents who were vaccine hesitant at baseline, a message originally designed to convey source expertise produced greater perceived trustworthiness and reduced vaccine hesitancy among this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Xu
- Department of Communication, Cornell University
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Abstract
This study shows that while status seeking motivates people to participate in crowdsourcing platforms, it also negatively impacts the bedrock of crowdsourcing-wisdom of crowds. Using Yelp restaurant reviews in 6 cities, we found that motivations of status seeking lead people to review a greater variety of restaurants, and achieving status further encourages this variety seeking as well as the targeting of more expensive restaurants for review. The impact of this individual-level tendency is confirmed by our aggregate-level analysis which shows that restaurants with higher price levels, higher uniqueness levels, and a larger percentage of elite reviews tend to obtain enough reviews to generate wisdom of crowds sooner than other restaurants. This leads to a different kind of distortion to crowd wisdom: an over-representation of status-conferring products and an under-representation of products that are not status-worthy. The findings suggest the importance of studying sources of distortion that are endemic to crowdsourcing itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Drew Margolin
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Liu J, King AJ, Margolin D, Niederdeppe J. Information Seeking and Scanning about Colorectal Cancer Screening among Black and White Americans, Ages 45-74: Comparing Information Sources and Screening Behaviors. J Health Commun 2020; 25:402-411. [PMID: 32529955 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2020.1776424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer information seeking and scanning predict a variety of preventive health behaviors. However, previous work has rarely gauged seeking and scanning of specific cancer screening information. Moreover, colorectal cancer prevalence and mortality rates are higher among black than white Americans and it remains unclear if these groups differ in their cancer screening information acquisition patterns. We surveyed black and white Americans between 45 and 74 years of age to investigate rates, sources, and correlates of colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) information seeking and scanning. Black and white Americans had similar likelihoods of engaging in information seeking and scanning regarding CRCS. However, black Americans reported using significantly more sources for CRCS information seeking and scanning than did white Americans. Both screening test-specific information seeking and scanning are associated with stool-based tests, but only information seeking is associated with flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. We discuss study implications for reaching out to different racial groups to promote colorectal cancer screening behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Department of Communication, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Andy J King
- Greenlee School of Journalism and Communication, Iowa State University , Armes, Iowa, USA
| | - Drew Margolin
- Department of Communication, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jeff Niederdeppe
- Department of Communication, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York, USA
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van Atteveldt W, Margolin D, Shen C, Trilling D, Weber R. A Roadmap for Computational Communication Research. Computational Communication Research 2019. [DOI: 10.5117/ccr2019.1.001.vana] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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11
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Lin YR, Margolin D, Wen X. Tracking and Analyzing Individual Distress Following Terrorist Attacks Using Social Media Streams. Risk Anal 2017; 37:1580-1605. [PMID: 28556273 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Risk research has theorized a number of mechanisms that might trigger, prolong, or potentially alleviate individuals' distress following terrorist attacks. These mechanisms are difficult to examine in a single study, however, because the social conditions of terrorist attacks are difficult to simulate in laboratory experiments and appropriate preattack baselines are difficult to establish with surveys. To address this challenge, we propose the use of computational focus groups and a novel analysis framework to analyze a social media stream that archives user history and location. The approach uses time-stamped behavior to quantify an individual's preattack behavior after an attack has occurred, enabling the assessment of time-specific changes in the intensity and duration of an individual's distress, as well as the assessment of individual and social-level covariates. To exemplify the methodology, we collected over 18 million tweets from 15,509 users located in Paris on November 13, 2015, and measured the degree to which they expressed anxiety, anger, and sadness after the attacks. The analysis resulted in findings that would be difficult to observe through other methods, such as that news media exposure had competing, time-dependent effects on anxiety, and that gender dynamics are complicated by baseline behavior. Opportunities for integrating computational focus group analysis with traditional methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ru Lin
- School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Drew Margolin
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Xidao Wen
- School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Lin Y, Margolin D, Lazer D. Uncovering social semantics from textual traces: A theory‐driven approach and evidence from public statements of
U
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S
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M
embers of
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ongress. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/asi.23540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ru Lin
- School of Information Sciences University of Pittsburgh 710 IS Building, University of Pittsburgh 135 North Bellefield Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15260
| | - Drew Margolin
- Department of Communication Cornell University Ithaca NY 14580
| | - David Lazer
- Department of Political Science and College of Computer and Information Science Northeastern University Boston MA 02115
- John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138
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Lin YR, Margolin D, Lazer D. Tracing Coordination and Cooperation Structures via Semantic Burst Detection. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Collaborative Computing 2014. [DOI: 10.4108/cc.1.2.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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14
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Lin YR, Keegan B, Margolin D, Lazer D. Rising tides or rising stars?: Dynamics of shared attention on Twitter during media events. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94093. [PMID: 24854030 PMCID: PMC4031071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
“Media events” generate conditions of shared attention as many users simultaneously tune in with the dual screens of broadcast and social media to view and participate. We examine how collective patterns of user behavior under conditions of shared attention are distinct from other “bursts” of activity like breaking news events. Using 290 million tweets from a panel of 193,532 politically active Twitter users, we compare features of their behavior during eight major events during the 2012 U.S. presidential election to examine how patterns of social media use change during these media events compared to “typical” time and whether these changes are attributable to shifts in the behavior of the population as a whole or shifts from particular segments such as elites. Compared to baseline time periods, our findings reveal that media events not only generate large volumes of tweets, but they are also associated with (1) substantial declines in interpersonal communication, (2) more highly concentrated attention by replying to and retweeting particular users, and (3) elite users predominantly benefiting from this attention. These findings empirically demonstrate how bursts of activity on Twitter during media events significantly alter underlying social processes of interpersonal communication and social interaction. Because the behavior of large populations within socio-technical systems can change so dramatically, our findings suggest the need for further research about how social media responses to media events can be used to support collective sensemaking, to promote informed deliberation, and to remain resilient in the face of misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ru Lin
- School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian Keegan
- College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Drew Margolin
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - David Lazer
- College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America; College of Computer and Information Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Selmaj K, Arnold D, Brinar V, Cohen J, Coles A, Confavreux C, Fox E, Giovannoni G, Hartung H, Havrdova E, Stojanovic M, Weiner H, Lake S, Margolin D, Oyuela P, Panzara M, Compston A. Incidence of Autoimmunity in a Phase 3 Trial: Comparison of Alemtuzumab and Rebif(R) in Multiple Sclerosis I (CARE-MS I) (S41.006). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s41.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Havrdova E, Arnold D, Cohen J, Coles A, Confavreux C, Fox E, Hartung H, Selmaj K, Weiner H, Brinar V, Giovannoni G, Stojanovic M, Lake S, Margolin D, Oyuela P, Panzara M, Compston A. Infections in Phase 3 Study: Comparison of Alemtuzumab and Rebif(R) Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis I (CARE-MS I) (S41.007). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s41.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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17
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Fox E, Arnold D, Brinar V, Cohen J, Coles A, Confavreux C, Giovannoni G, Hartung H, Havrdova E, Selmaj K, Stojanovic M, Weiner H, Lake S, Margolin D, Panzara M, Compston A. Relapse Outcomes with Alemtuzumab vs. Rebif(R) in Treatment-Naive Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (CARE-MS I): Secondary and Tertiary Endpoints (PD5.004). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.pd5.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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18
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Coles A, Brinar V, Arnold D, Cohen J, Confavreux C, Fox E, Hartung H, Havrdova E, Selmaj K, Weiner H, Giovannoni G, Stojanovic M, Lake S, Margolin D, Panzara M, Compston A. Efficacy and Safety Results from Comparison of Alemtuzumab and Rebif(R) Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis I (CARE-MS I): A Phase 3 Study in Relapsing-Remitting Treatment-Naive Patients (S01.006). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Arnold D, Brinar V, Cohen J, Coles A, Confavreux C, Fisher E, Fox E, Giovannoni G, Hartung H, Havrdova E, Selmaj K, Weiner H, Stojanovic M, Lake S, Margolin D, Panzara M, Compston A. Effect of Alemtuzumab vs. Rebif(R) on Brain MRI Measurements: Results of CARE-MS I, a Phase 3 Study (S11.006). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Cohen J, Twyman C, Arnold D, Coles A, Confavreux C, Fox E, Hartung H, Havrdova E, Selmaj K, Weiner H, Miller T, Lake S, Margolin D, Panzara M, Compston A. Efficacy and Safety Results from Comparison of Alemtuzumab and Rebif(R) Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis II (CARE-MS II): A Phase 3 Study in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Who Relapsed on Prior Therapy (S01.004). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Karlsson GB, Halloran M, Schenten D, Lee J, Racz P, Tenner-Racz K, Manola J, Gelman R, Etemad-Moghadam B, Desjardins E, Wyatt R, Gerard NP, Marcon L, Margolin D, Fanton J, Axthelm MK, Letvin NL, Sodroski J. The envelope glycoprotein ectodomains determine the efficiency of CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion in simian-human immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques. J Exp Med 1998; 188:1159-71. [PMID: 9743534 PMCID: PMC2212530 DOI: 10.1084/jem.188.6.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/1998] [Revised: 07/02/1998] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected humans underlies the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Using a model in which rhesus macaques were infected with chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs), we show that both the level of viremia and the structure of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein ectodomains individually contributed to the efficiency with which CD4(+) T lymphocytes were depleted. The envelope glycoproteins of recombinant SHIVs that efficiently caused loss of CD4(+) T lymphocytes exhibited increased chemokine receptor binding and membrane-fusing capacity compared with those of less pathogenic viruses. These studies identify the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein ectodomains as determinants of CD4(+) T lymphocyte loss in vivo and provide a foundation for studying pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Karlsson
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Pertchik K, Marshall J, Margolin D. Cohort effect of years of education on cognitive functioning in mild to moderate Alzheimer's patients. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1998. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/13.1.44a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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23
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Franceschi D, Brandt C, Margolin D, Szopa B, Ponsky J, Priebe P, Stellato T, Eckhauser ML. The management of common bile duct stones in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am Surg 1993; 59:525-32. [PMID: 8338284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The management of suspected and/or unsuspected common bile duct (CBD) stones in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is controversial. Decisions on whether to perform an open CBD exploration versus employing therapeutic options such as preoperative/post-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) or endoscopic duct exploration are polemic. To determine indications, timing, benefits, and potential morbidity of these approaches, we gathered data on 401 patients undergoing LC within the last 18 months. Indications for preoperative ERCP included jaundice (40%), dilated ducts (28%), elevated amylase (19%) or alkaline phosphatase (21%), suspicion of CBD stones by ultrasound (17%) and "other" (17%). Indications for postoperative ERCP were retained stones (33%) and CBD evaluation (67%). Indications for CBD exploration included abnormal cholangiogram (64%), palpable stones (18%), and other (18%). A significant correlation was observed between suspected stones by ultrasound and stones found by ERCP (P < 0.01). For patients in the "other" category, preoperative ERCP was universally negative (P = 0.04). Overall ERCP morbidity was 4/59 (6.8%), and the overall failure rate for clearing CBD stones was 2/28 (7.1%). The timing of the ERCP did not affect morbidity/mortality. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (P << 0.001), the presence of pre-existing medical risk factors (P << 0.001), and duration of LC (P = 0.0034), but not ERCP (P = 0.08), were the important factors determining LC morbidity. In summary, common bile duct stones can be successfully cleared endoscopically in the majority of patients undergoing LC. Patients with suspected CBD stones should undergo pre-operative ERCP, and strict criteria should be applied in the selection of these patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D Franceschi
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
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Chui H, Victoroff J, Margolin D, Jagust W, Shankle R, Katzman R. Vascular dementia. Neurology 1992. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.42.11.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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25
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Chui HC, Victoroff JI, Margolin D, Jagust W, Shankle R, Katzman R. Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers. Neurology 1992; 42:473-80. [PMID: 1549205 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.42.3.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 676] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of vascular dementia is important for the recognition of underlying pathophysiology and the institution of appropriate therapy. It is also important for the determination of the incidence and prevalence of not only vascular dementia but also Alzheimer's disease (AD), since differentiating between these two entities is often problematic. The State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (ADDTC) herein propose criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia (IVD). These criteria broaden the conceptualization of vascular dementia, include the results of neuroimaging studies, emphasize the importance of neuropathologic confirmation, refine nosology, and identify areas that require further research. Parallel use of the proposed definitions of "possible" and "mixed" categories in the diagnosis of both AD and IVD would ensure compatibility between the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS) criteria for AD and the ADDTC criteria for IVD. Uniform classification of subtypes of IVD will improve the generalizability of individual studies and aid in multicenter collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles
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26
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Cook AF, Moon HK, Lynn MP, Margolin D, Browne EZ. The relationship of the extrinsic blood supply to regeneration in graft reconstructed peripheral nerves. Br J Plast Surg 1988; 41:298-304. [PMID: 3382856 DOI: 10.1016/0007-1226(88)90115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Median nerves of rats were reconstructed with conventional or vascular nerve grafts. After 2, 3 and 4 weeks, Allen Video-Enhanced Contrast, Differential Interference Contrast (AVEC-DIC) microscopy revealed axonal transport in most preparations, with varying degrees of myelination. Radio-isotope tracer was measured in the nerve. Two and 4 week measurements revealed no difference between the graft types. At 3 weeks the vascular graft group exhibited transport along the entire length of the nerve in contrast to a relatively abbreviated path length in the conventional graft group. Nerve conduction velocities (NCV) were measured proximal to, within and distal to the grafts. Three week NCV showed no difference between the graft types. The 4 week NCV revealed normal values in the vascular graft group at points distal to and within the graft. Significant slowing was seen in the conventional grafts at both points.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Cook
- Microsurgery Laboratory, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio
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27
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Margolin D, Hammerstad J, Orwoll E, McClung M, Calhoun D. Intracranial calcification in hyperparathyroidism associated with gait apraxia and parkinsonism. Neurology 1980; 30:1005-7. [PMID: 7191528 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.30.9.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Two patients with hyperparathyroidism had symmetric calcification of the brain, including the basal ganglia. In both patients, the neurologic disorder included parkinsonism and gait apraxia. Computerized tomography may help define the prevalence and clinical manifestations of this rare syndrome.
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