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Needham LM, Weber J, Pearson CM, Do DT, Gorka F, Lyu G, Bohndiek SE, Snaddon TN, Lee SF. A Comparative Photophysical Study of Structural Modifications of Thioflavin T-Inspired Fluorophores. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8406-8416. [PMID: 32924494 PMCID: PMC8741274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The benzothiazolium salt, Thioflavin T (ThT), has been widely adopted as the "gold-standard" fluorescent reporter of amyloid in vitro. Its properties as a molecular rotor result in a large-scale (∼1000-fold) fluorescence turn-on upon binding to β-sheets in amyloidogenic proteins. However, the complex photophysics of ThT combined with the intricate and varied nature of the amyloid binding motif means these interactions are poorly understood. To study this important class of fluorophores, we present a detailed photophysical characterization and comparison of a novel library of 12 ThT-inspired fluorescent probes for amyloid protein (PAPs), where both the charge and donor capacity of the heterocyclic and aminobenzene components have been interrogated, respectively. This enables direct photophysical juxtaposition of two structural groups: the neutral "PAP" (class 1) and the charged "mPAP" fluorophores (class 2). We quantify binding and optical properties at both the bulk and single-aggregate levels with some derivatives showing higher aggregate affinity and brightness than ThT. Finally, we demonstrate their abilities to perform super-resolution imaging of α-synuclein fibrils with localization precisions of ∼16 nm. The properties of the derivatives provide new insights into the relationship between chemical structure and function of benzothiazole probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Needham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Judith Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K
| | - Colin M Pearson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dung T Do
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Felix Gorka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Guanpeng Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Thomas N Snaddon
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Steven F Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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Needham LM, Weber J, Varela JA, Fyfe JWB, Do DT, Xu CK, Tutton L, Cliffe R, Keenlyside B, Klenerman D, Dobson CM, Hunter CA, Müller KH, O'Holleran K, Bohndiek SE, Snaddon TN, Lee SF. ThX - a next-generation probe for the early detection of amyloid aggregates. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4578-4583. [PMID: 34122915 PMCID: PMC8159457 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are associated with protein misfolding and aggregation. Recent studies suggest that the small, rare and heterogeneous oligomeric species, formed early on in the aggregation process, may be a source of cytotoxicity. Thioflavin T (ThT) is currently the gold-standard fluorescent probe for the study of amyloid proteins and aggregation processes. However, the poor photophysical and binding properties of ThT impairs the study of oligomers. To overcome this challenge, we have designed Thioflavin X, (ThX), a next-generation fluorescent probe which displays superior properties; including a 5-fold increase in brightness and 7-fold increase in binding affinity to amyloidogenic proteins. As an extrinsic dye, this can be used to study unique structural amyloid features both in bulk and on a single-aggregate level. Furthermore, ThX can be used as a super-resolution imaging probe in single-molecule localisation microscopy. Finally, the improved optical properties (extinction coefficient, quantum yield and brightness) of ThX can be used to monitor structural differences in oligomeric species, not observed via traditional ThT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK .,Department of Physics, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0HE UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - Juan A Varela
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - James W B Fyfe
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington 47405 USA
| | - Dung T Do
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington 47405 USA
| | - Catherine K Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Luke Tutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Rachel Cliffe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | | | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | | | | | - Karin H Müller
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3DY UK
| | - Kevin O'Holleran
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3DY UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0HE UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - Thomas N Snaddon
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington 47405 USA
| | - Steven F Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang M. Le
- Department of Chemistry and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis; Hanyang University; Sungdong-Gu 04763 Seoul South Korea
| | - Hung D. Mac
- Faculty of Chemistry; Vietnam National University-Hanoi University of Science; 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Chang Ho Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis; Hanyang University; Sungdong-Gu 04763 Seoul South Korea
| | - Dung T. Do
- Faculty of Chemistry; Vietnam National University-Hanoi University of Science; 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem Ha Noi Vietnam
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Needham LM, Weber J, Fyfe JWB, Kabia OM, Do DT, Klimont E, Zhang Y, Rodrigues M, Dobson CM, Gandhi S, Bohndiek SE, Snaddon TN, Lee SF. Correction to 'Bifunctional fluorescent probes for detection of amyloid aggregates and reactive oxygen species'. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:180308. [PMID: 29658954 PMCID: PMC5882756 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171399.].
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Needham LM, Weber J, Fyfe JWB, Kabia OM, Do DT, Klimont E, Zhang Y, Rodrigues M, Dobson CM, Ghandi S, Bohndiek SE, Snaddon TN, Lee SF. Bifunctional fluorescent probes for detection of amyloid aggregates and reactive oxygen species. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:171399. [PMID: 29515860 PMCID: PMC5830749 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation into amyloid deposits and oxidative stress are key features of many neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. We report here the creation of four highly sensitive bifunctional fluorescent probes, capable of H2O2 and/or amyloid aggregate detection. These bifunctional sensors use a benzothiazole core for amyloid localization and boronic ester oxidation to specifically detect H2O2. We characterized the optical properties of these probes using both bulk fluorescence measurements and single-aggregate fluorescence imaging, and quantify changes in their fluorescence properties upon addition of amyloid aggregates of α-synuclein and pathophysiological H2O2 concentrations. Our results indicate these new probes will be useful to detect and monitor neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Needham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Judith Weber
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - James W. B. Fyfe
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Omaru M. Kabia
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Dung T. Do
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Ewa Klimont
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Margarida Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Sonia Ghandi
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Thomas N. Snaddon
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Steven F. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- James Giarrusso
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Dung T. Do
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Schwarz KJ, Amos JL, Klein JC, Do DT, Snaddon TN. Uniting C1-Ammonium Enolates and Transition Metal Electrophiles via Cooperative Catalysis: The Direct Asymmetric α-Allylation of Aryl Acetic Acid Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5214-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jessica L. Amos
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - J. Cullen Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dung T. Do
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Thomas N. Snaddon
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Goodman CG, Do DT, Johnson JS. Asymmetric synthesis of anti-β-amino-α-hydroxy esters via dynamic kinetic resolution of β-amino-α-keto esters. Org Lett 2013; 15:2446-9. [PMID: 23631467 DOI: 10.1021/ol4009206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method for the asymmetric synthesis of enantioenriched anti-α-hydroxy-β-amino acid derivatives by enantioconvergent reduction of the corresponding racemic α-keto esters is presented. The requisite α-keto esters are prepared via Mannich addition of ethyl diazoacetate to imines followed by oxidation of the diazo group with Oxone. Implementation of a recently developed dynamic kinetic resolution of β-substituted-α-keto esters via Ru(II)-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation provides the title motif in routinely high diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guy Goodman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3250, United States
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Krabbe SW, Do DT, Johnson JS. Cu(II)-catalyzed aerobic hydroperoxidation of Meldrum's acid derivatives and application in intramolecular oxidation: a conceptual blueprint for O2/H2 dihydroxylation. Org Lett 2012; 14:5932-5. [PMID: 23163733 DOI: 10.1021/ol302848m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic hydroperoxidation of Meldrum's acid derivatives via a Cu(II)-catalyzed process is presented. The mild reaction conditions are tolerant to pendant unsaturation allowing the formation of endoperoxides via electrophilic activation. Cleavage of the O-O bond provides 1,n-diols with differentiation of the hydroxy groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Krabbe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Do DT, Ta TT, Nguyen HT, Blache G. [Hydatidiform mole in Vietnam. The contribution of ultrasonography]. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 1995; 90:48-49. [PMID: 7899773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
One-hundred-and-four cases of histopathologically confirmed hydatiform moles were subjected to ultrasound examination at the Hung Vuong Hospital, Ho-Chi-Minh-ville (Vietnam) over a period of 16 months (1988-1989). The diagnosis was confirmed only in some cases on clinical grounds (18%) or by laboratory tests (52%). In contrast, typical ultrasound signs were found in 82% of cases; in the other 18% of cases, other aspects had suggested disorders calling for aspiration (partial mole, clear ovum, pregnancy terminated). Some ultrasound images, highly suggestive of mole, were found in occasional cases of mucoid ovarian cyst, endometrial cancer or cystic necrobiosis of fibroma (HCG tests negative). Despite its limitations in Vietnam ultrasound constitutes the primary method of detecting hydatiform mole, the acquisition of practical experience is facilitated by the high number of cases and the concentration of cases reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Do
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Hüng Vüong, Hô Chi Minh Ville, Vietnam
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