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Baker AG, Hartono M, Ou HL, Bistrović Popov A, Brown EL, Joseph J, Golinska M, González-Gualda E, Marcias D, Ge J, Denholm M, Morsli S, Sanghera C, Else TR, Greer HF, Vernet A, Bohndiek SE, Fruk L, Muñoz-Espín D. Indocyanine Green-based Nanoprobe for In Vivo Detection of Cellular Senescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404885. [PMID: 38622059 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve conventional cancer-treatments by preventing detrimental side effects, cancer recurrence and metastases. Recent studies have shown that presence of senescent cells in tissues treated with chemo- or radiotherapy can be used to predict the effectiveness of cancer treatment. However, although the accumulation of senescent cells is one of the hallmarks of cancer, surprisingly little progress has been made in development of strategies for their detection in vivo. To address a lack of detection tools, we developed a biocompatible, injectable organic nanoprobe (NanoJagg), which is selectively taken up by senescent cells and accumulates in the lysosomes. The NanoJagg probe is obtained by self-assembly of indocyanine green (ICG) dimers using a scalable manufacturing process and characterized by a unique spectral signature suitable for both photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and fluorescence imaging. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies all indicate that NanoJaggs are a clinically translatable probe for detection of senescence and their PAT signal makes them suitable for longitudinal monitoring of the senescence burden in solid tumors after chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Baker
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Muhamad Hartono
- Cambridge University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Hui-Ling Ou
- Cambridge University, Department of Oncology, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Andrea Bistrović Popov
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Emma L Brown
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - James Joseph
- University of Dundee, School of Science and Engineering, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Monika Golinska
- University of Cambridge, Department of Phycics, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - David Marcias
- University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Jianfeng Ge
- University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mary Denholm
- University of Cambridge, Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Samir Morsli
- University of Cambridge, Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Chandan Sanghera
- Cambridge University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Thomas R Else
- Cambridge University, Department of Physics, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Heather F Greer
- Cambridge University, Yusuf Hamid Department of Chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Aude Vernet
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Ljiljana Fruk
- Cambridge University: University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, t, CB3 0AS, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Daniel Muñoz-Espín
- Cambridge University, Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, UNITED KINGDOM
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Taylor-Williams M, Tao R, Sawyer TW, Waterhouse DJ, Yoon J, Bohndiek SE. Targeted multispectral filter array design for the optimization of endoscopic cancer detection in the gastrointestinal tract. J Biomed Opt 2024; 29:036005. [PMID: 38560531 PMCID: PMC10978444 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.3.036005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Significance Color differences between healthy and diseased tissue in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are detected visually by clinicians during white light endoscopy; however, the earliest signs of cancer are often just a slightly different shade of pink compared to healthy tissue making it hard to detect. Improving contrast in endoscopy is important for early detection of disease in the GI tract during routine screening and surveillance. Aim We aim to target alternative colors for imaging to improve contrast using custom multispectral filter arrays (MSFAs) that could be deployed in an endoscopic "chip-on-tip" configuration. Approach Using an open-source toolbox, Opti-MSFA, we examined the optimal design of MSFAs for early cancer detection in the GI tract. The toolbox was first extended to use additional classification models (k -nearest neighbor, support vector machine, and spectral angle mapper). Using input spectral data from published clinical trials examining the esophagus and colon, we optimized the design of MSFAs with three to nine different bands. Results We examined the variation of the spectral and spatial classification accuracies as a function of the number of bands. The MSFA configurations tested showed good classification accuracies when compared to the full hyperspectral data available from the clinical spectra used in these studies. Conclusion The ability to retain good classification accuracies with a reduced number of spectral bands could enable the future deployment of multispectral imaging in an endoscopic chip-on-tip configuration using simplified MSFA hardware. Further studies using an expanded clinical dataset are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Taylor-Williams
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ran Tao
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Travis W. Sawyer
- University of Arizona, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Dale J. Waterhouse
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University College London, Wellcome/EPRSC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonghee Yoon
- Ajou University, Department of Physics, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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3
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Grohl J, Else TR, Hacker L, Bunce EV, Sweeney PW, Bohndiek SE. Moving Beyond Simulation: Data-Driven Quantitative Photoacoustic Imaging Using Tissue-Mimicking Phantoms. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2024; 43:1214-1224. [PMID: 37938947 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2023.3331198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of optical absorption coefficients from photoacoustic imaging (PAI) data would enable direct mapping of molecular concentrations, providing vital clinical insight. The ill-posed nature of the problem of absorption coefficient recovery has prohibited PAI from achieving this goal in living systems due to the domain gap between simulation and experiment. To bridge this gap, we introduce a collection of experimentally well-characterised imaging phantoms and their digital twins. This first-of-a-kind phantom data set enables supervised training of a U-Net on experimental data for pixel-wise estimation of absorption coefficients. We show that training on simulated data results in artefacts and biases in the estimates, reinforcing the existence of a domain gap between simulation and experiment. Training on experimentally acquired data, however, yielded more accurate and robust estimates of optical absorption coefficients. We compare the results to fluence correction with a Monte Carlo model from reference optical properties of the materials, which yields a quantification error of approximately 20%. Application of the trained U-Nets to a blood flow phantom demonstrated spectral biases when training on simulated data, while application to a mouse model highlighted the ability of both learning-based approaches to recover the depth-dependent loss of signal intensity. We demonstrate that training on experimental phantoms can restore the correlation of signal amplitudes measured in depth. While the absolute quantification error remains high and further improvements are needed, our results highlight the promise of deep learning to advance quantitative PAI.
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Else TR, Hacker L, Gröhl J, Bunce EV, Tao R, Bohndiek SE. Effects of skin tone on photoacoustic imaging and oximetry. J Biomed Opt 2024; 29:S11506. [PMID: 38125716 PMCID: PMC10732256 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Significance Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) provides contrast based on the concentration of optical absorbers in tissue, enabling the assessment of functional physiological parameters such as blood oxygen saturation (sO 2 ). Recent evidence suggests that variation in melanin levels in the epidermis leads to measurement biases in optical technologies, which could potentially limit the application of these biomarkers in diverse populations. Aim To examine the effects of skin melanin pigmentation on PAI and oximetry. Approach We evaluated the effects of skin tone in PAI using a computational skin model, two-layer melanin-containing tissue-mimicking phantoms, and mice of a consistent genetic background with varying pigmentations. The computational skin model was validated by simulating the diffuse reflectance spectrum using the adding-doubling method, allowing us to assign our simulation parameters to approximate Fitzpatrick skin types. Monte Carlo simulations and acoustic simulations were run to obtain idealized photoacoustic images of our skin model. Photoacoustic images of the phantoms and mice were acquired using a commercial instrument. Reconstructed images were processed with linear spectral unmixing to estimate blood oxygenation. Linear unmixing results were compared with a learned unmixing approach based on gradient-boosted regression. Results Our computational skin model was consistent with representative literature for in vivo skin reflectance measurements. We observed consistent spectral coloring effects across all model systems, with an overestimation of sO 2 and more image artifacts observed with increasing melanin concentration. The learned unmixing approach reduced the measurement bias, but predictions made at lower blood sO 2 still suffered from a skin tone-dependent effect. Conclusion PAI demonstrates measurement bias, including an overestimation of blood sO 2 , in higher Fitzpatrick skin types. Future research should aim to characterize this effect in humans to ensure equitable application of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Else
- University of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Hacker
- University of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Janek Gröhl
- University of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie V. Bunce
- University of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ran Tao
- University of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Assi H, Cao R, Castelino M, Cox B, Gilbert FJ, Gröhl J, Gurusamy K, Hacker L, Ivory AM, Joseph J, Knieling F, Leahy MJ, Lilaj L, Manohar S, Meglinski I, Moran C, Murray A, Oraevsky AA, Pagel MD, Pramanik M, Raymond J, Singh MKA, Vogt WC, Wang L, Yang S, Members of IPASC, Bohndiek SE. A review of a strategic roadmapping exercise to advance clinical translation of photoacoustic imaging: From current barriers to future adoption. Photoacoustics 2023; 32:100539. [PMID: 37600964 PMCID: PMC10432856 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), also referred to as optoacoustic imaging, has shown promise in early-stage clinical trials in a range of applications from inflammatory diseases to cancer. While the first PAI systems have recently received regulatory approvals, successful adoption of PAI technology into healthcare systems for clinical decision making must still overcome a range of barriers, from education and training to data acquisition and interpretation. The International Photoacoustic Standardisation Consortium (IPASC) undertook an community exercise in 2022 to identify and understand these barriers, then develop a roadmap of strategic plans to address them. Here, we outline the nature and scope of the barriers that were identified, along with short-, medium- and long-term community efforts required to overcome them, both within and beyond the IPASC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Assi
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rui Cao
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Madhura Castelino
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ben Cox
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Janek Gröhl
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kurinchi Gurusamy
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lina Hacker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aoife M. Ivory
- Department of Medical, Marine and Nuclear Physics, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - James Joseph
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Martin J. Leahy
- School of Natural Sciences – Physics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - Igor Meglinski
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carmel Moran
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrea Murray
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Salford Care Organisation, NCA NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Mark D. Pagel
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jason Raymond
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - William C. Vogt
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lihong Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Shufan Yang
- School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
| | - Members of IPASC
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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6
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Paulus L, Buehler A, Wagner AL, Raming R, Jüngert J, Simon D, Tascilar K, Schnell A, Rother U, Eckstein M, Lang W, Hoerning A, Schett G, Neurath MF, Waldner MJ, Trollmann R, Woelfle J, Bohndiek SE, Regensburger AP, Knieling F. Contrast-Enhanced Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography for Functional Assessment of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2302562. [PMID: 37289088 PMCID: PMC10427354 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Real-time imaging and functional assessment of the intestinal tract and its transit pose a significant challenge to conventional clinical diagnostic methods. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), a molecular-sensitive imaging technology, offers the potential to visualize endogenous and exogenous chromophores in deep tissue. Herein, a novel approach using the orally administered clinical-approved fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) for bedside, non-ionizing evaluation of gastrointestinal passage is presented. The authors are able to show the detectability and stability of ICG in phantom experiments. Furthermore, ten healthy subjects underwent MSOT imaging at multiple time points over eight hours after ingestion of a standardized meal with and without ICG. ICG signals can be visualized and quantified in different intestinal segments, while its excretion is confirmed by fluorescent imaging of stool samples. These findings indicate that contrast-enhanced MSOT (CE-MSOT) provides a translatable real-time imaging approach for functional assessment of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars‐Philip Paulus
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI‐Lab)Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Adrian Buehler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI‐Lab)Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Alexandra L. Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI‐Lab)Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Chronically Sick ChildrenCharité BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Roman Raming
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI‐Lab)Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Jörg Jüngert
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - David Simon
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Koray Tascilar
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Alexander Schnell
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Ulrich Rother
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Insitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Werner Lang
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - André Hoerning
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI)University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI)University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Department of Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Maximilian J. Waldner
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI)University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Department of Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Regina Trollmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Adrian P. Regensburger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI‐Lab)Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI‐Lab)Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
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7
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Hacker L, Ivory AM, Joseph J, Gröhl J, Zeqiri B, Rajagopal S, Bohndiek SE. A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 37395576 DOI: 10.3791/65475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing tissue-mimicking biophotonic phantom materials that provide long-term stability are imperative to enable the comparison of biomedical imaging devices across vendors and institutions, support the development of internationally recognized standards, and assist the clinical translation of novel technologies. Here, a manufacturing process is presented that results in a stable, low-cost, tissue-mimicking copolymer-in-oil material for use in photoacoustic, optical, and ultrasound standardization efforts. The base material consists of mineral oil and a copolymer with defined Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) numbers. The protocol presented here yields a representative material with a speed of sound c(f) = 1,481 ± 0.4 m·s-1 at 5 MHz (corresponds to the speed of sound of water at 20 °C), acoustic attenuation α(f) = 6.1 ± 0.06 dB·cm-1 at 5 MHz, optical absorption µa(λ) = 0.05 ± 0.005 mm-1 at 800 nm, and optical scattering µs'(λ) = 1 ± 0.1 mm-1 at 800 nm. The material allows independent tuning of the acoustic and optical properties by respectively varying the polymer concentration or light scattering (titanium dioxide) and absorbing agents (oil-soluble dye). The fabrication of different phantom designs is displayed and the homogeneity of the resulting test objects is confirmed using photoacoustic imaging. Due to its facile, repeatable fabrication process and durability, as well as its biologically relevant properties, the material recipe has high promise in multimodal acoustic-optical standardization initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hacker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge
| | - Aoife M Ivory
- Ultrasound and Underwater Acoustics Group, Department of Medical, Marine and Nuclear Physics, National Physical Laboratory
| | - James Joseph
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee; Centre for Medical Engineering and Technology, University of Dundee
| | - Janek Gröhl
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge
| | - Bajram Zeqiri
- Ultrasound and Underwater Acoustics Group, Department of Medical, Marine and Nuclear Physics, National Physical Laboratory
| | - Srinath Rajagopal
- Ultrasound and Underwater Acoustics Group, Department of Medical, Marine and Nuclear Physics, National Physical Laboratory
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge;
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8
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Hacker L, Brown EL, Lefebvre TL, Sweeney PW, Bohndiek SE. Performance evaluation of mesoscopic photoacoustic imaging. Photoacoustics 2023; 31:100505. [PMID: 37214427 PMCID: PMC10199419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic mesoscopy visualises vascular architecture at high-resolution up to ~3 mm depth. Despite promise in preclinical and clinical imaging studies, with applications in oncology and dermatology, the accuracy and precision of photoacoustic mesoscopy is not well established. Here, we evaluate a commercial photoacoustic mesoscopy system for imaging vascular structures. Typical artefact types are first highlighted and limitations due to non-isotropic illumination and detection are evaluated with respect to rotation, angularity, and depth of the target. Then, using tailored phantoms and mouse models, we investigate system precision, showing coefficients of variation (COV) between repeated scans [short term (1 h): COV= 1.2%; long term (25 days): COV= 9.6%], from target repositioning (without: COV=1.2%, with: COV=4.1%), or from varying in vivo user experience (experienced: COV=15.9%, unexperienced: COV=20.2%). Our findings show robustness of the technique, but also underscore general challenges of limited-view photoacoustic systems in accurately imaging vessel-like structures, thereby guiding users when interpreting biologically-relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hacker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Emma L. Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Thierry L. Lefebvre
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Paul W. Sweeney
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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9
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Buehler A, Brown E, Paulus L, Eckstein M, Thoma O, Oraiopoulou M, Rother U, Hoerning A, Hartmann A, Neurath MF, Woelfle J, Friedrich O, Waldner MJ, Knieling F, Bohndiek SE, Regensburger AP. Transrectal Absorber Guide Raster-Scanning Optoacoustic Mesoscopy for Label-Free In Vivo Assessment of Colitis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300564. [PMID: 37083262 PMCID: PMC10288266 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optoacoustic imaging (OAI) enables microscale imaging of endogenous chromophores such as hemoglobin at significantly higher penetration depths compared to other optical imaging technologies. Raster-scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) has recently been shown to identify superficial microvascular changes associated with human skin pathologies. In animal models, the imaging depth afforded by RSOM can enable entirely new capabilities for noninvasive imaging of vascular structures in the gastrointestinal tract, but exact localization of intra-abdominal organs is still elusive. Herein the development and application of a novel transrectal absorber guide for RSOM (TAG-RSOM) is presented to enable accurate transabdominal localization and assessment of colonic vascular networks in vivo. The potential of TAG-RSOM is demonstrated through application during mild and severe acute colitis in mice. TAG-RSOM enables visualization of transmural vascular networks, with changes in colon wall thickness, blood volume, and OAI signal intensities corresponding to colitis-associated inflammatory changes. These findings suggest TAG-RSOM can provide a novel monitoring tool in preclinical IBD models, refining animal procedures and underlines the capabilities of such technologies to address inflammatory bowel diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Buehler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Emma Brown
- Department of Physics and Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Lars‐Philip Paulus
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of PathologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Oana‐Maria Thoma
- Department of Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91052ErlangenGermany
| | - Mariam‐Eleni Oraiopoulou
- Department of Physics and Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Ulrich Rother
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - André Hoerning
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of PathologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91052ErlangenGermany
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical BiotechnologyDepartment of Chemical and Biological EngineeringFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91052ErlangenGermany
| | - Maximilian J. Waldner
- Department of Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91052ErlangenGermany
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics and Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Adrian P. Regensburger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
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10
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Taylor-Williams M, Mead S, Sawyer TW, Hacker L, Williams C, Berks M, Murray A, Bohndiek SE. Multispectral imaging of nailfold capillaries using light-emitting diode illumination. J Biomed Opt 2022; 27:126002. [PMID: 36519074 PMCID: PMC9743620 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.12.126002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, typically imaged using video capillaroscopy to aid diagnosis of connective tissue diseases, such as systemic sclerosis. Video capillaroscopy allows visualization of morphological changes in the nailfold capillaries but does not provide any physiological information about the blood contained within the capillary network. Extracting parameters such as hemoglobin oxygenation could increase sensitivity for diagnosis and measurement of microvascular disease progression. AIM To design, construct, and test a low-cost multispectral imaging (MSI) system using light-emitting diode (LED) illumination to assess relative hemoglobin oxygenation in the nailfold capillaries. APPROACH An LED ring light was first designed and modeled. The ring light was fabricated using four commercially available LED colors and a custom-designed printed circuit board. The experimental system was characterized and results compared with the illumination model. A blood phantom with variable oxygenation was used to determine the feasibility of using the illumination-based MSI system for oximetry. Nailfold capillaries were then imaged in a healthy subject. RESULTS The illumination modeling results were in close agreement with the constructed system. Imaging of the blood phantom demonstrated sensitivity to changing hemoglobin oxygenation, which was in line with the spectral modeling of reflection. The morphological properties of the volunteer capillaries were comparable to those measured in current gold standard systems. CONCLUSIONS LED-based illumination could be used as a low-cost approach to enable MSI of the nailfold capillaries to provide insight into the oxygenation of the blood contained within the capillary network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Taylor-Williams
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Mead
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Travis W. Sawyer
- University of Arizona, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Lina Hacker
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Williams
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Berks
- University of Manchester, Division of Cancer Sciences, Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Murray
- University of Manchester, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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11
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Escudero Sanchez L, Brown E, Rundo L, Ursprung S, Sala E, Bohndiek SE, Partarrieu IX. Photoacoustic imaging radiomics in patient-derived xenografts: a study on feature sensitivity and model discrimination. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15142. [PMID: 36071117 PMCID: PMC9452574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging is an increasingly popular method of exploring the tumour microenvironment, which can provide insight into tumour oxygenation status and potentially treatment response assessment. Currently, the measurements most commonly performed on such images are the mean and median of the pixel values of the tumour volumes of interest. We investigated expanding the set of measurements that can be extracted from these images by adding radiomic features. In particular, we found that Skewness was sensitive to differences between basal and luminal patient derived xenograft cancer models with an [Formula: see text] of 0.86, and that it was robust to variations in confounding factors such as reconstruction type and wavelength. We also built discriminant models with radiomic features that were correlated with the underlying tumour model and were independent from each other. We then ranked features by their importance in the model. Skewness was again found to be an important feature, as were 10th Percentile, Root Mean Squared, and several other texture-based features. In summary, this paper proposes a methodology to select radiomic features extracted from photoacoustic images that are robust to changes in acquisition and reconstruction parameters, and discusses features found to have discriminating power between the underlying tumour models in a pre-clinical dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Escudero Sanchez
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
| | - Emma Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Leonardo Rundo
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics (DIEM), University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, 84084, Italy
| | - Stephan Ursprung
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Evis Sala
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
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12
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Taylor-Williams M, Spicer G, Bale G, Bohndiek SE. Noninvasive hemoglobin sensing and imaging: optical tools for disease diagnosis. J Biomed Opt 2022; 27:JBO-220074VR. [PMID: 35922891 PMCID: PMC9346606 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.8.080901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Measurement and imaging of hemoglobin oxygenation are used extensively in the detection and diagnosis of disease; however, the applied instruments vary widely in their depth of imaging, spatiotemporal resolution, sensitivity, accuracy, complexity, physical size, and cost. The wide variation in available instrumentation can make it challenging for end users to select the appropriate tools for their application and to understand the relative limitations of different methods. AIM We aim to provide a systematic overview of the field of hemoglobin imaging and sensing. APPROACH We reviewed the sensing and imaging methods used to analyze hemoglobin oxygenation, including pulse oximetry, spectral reflectance imaging, diffuse optical imaging, spectroscopic optical coherence tomography, photoacoustic imaging, and diffuse correlation spectroscopy. RESULTS We compared and contrasted the ability of different methods to determine hemoglobin biomarkers such as oxygenation while considering factors that influence their practical application. CONCLUSIONS We highlight key limitations in the current state-of-the-art and make suggestions for routes to advance the clinical use and interpretation of hemoglobin oxygenation information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Taylor-Williams
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Spicer
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Bale
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Electrical Division, Department of Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
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13
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Quiros-Gonzalez I, Tomaszewski MR, Golinska MA, Brown E, Ansel-Bollepalli L, Hacker L, Couturier DL, Sainz RM, Bohndiek SE. Abstract LB057: Bevacizumab leaves a photoacoustic fingerprint in breast cancer mouse models. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-lb057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) provides a direct readout of tumor haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and oxygenation. This readout could be used to provide an early indication of response to anti-angiogenic drugs, thus optimizing the management of these therapies.
Experimental Procedures: Two cohorts of nude Balb/c were inoculated with either estrogen-dependent MCF-7 (n=7) or estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 (n=19) cells. Mice were randomly split into Control (Ctrl) and Bevacizumab (Bev,10 mg/Kg, IP, weekly) groups. PAT was performed weekly, starting just before enrolment. Oxy- and deoxy-Hb were quantified in the tumour and reference areas. Total Hb (THb) and O2 saturation (SO2) were calculated. Blood samples and tissues were collected after imaging. Hypoxia (Hypoxyprobe and CA-IX) and vascular density/maturity (CD31 and ASMA) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Circulating levels of human and mouse vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF and mVEGF) and Hb were measured.
Summary of New Data: Reflecting clinical observations, the MCF-7 Bev group and most of the mice from the MDA-MB-231 Bev group (8/11) showed no improvement in survival with Bev treatment. All resistant tumours (Bev MCF-7 and Bev MDA-MB-231 non-responders (Bev-NR)) showed an increase in hVEGF production (Ctrl vs Bev; 73.0513.06 vs. 497103.9 for MCF-7; 247.984.81 vs. 330.4 85.97 for Bev NR). MDA-MB-231 responders (Bev-R) showed a significant decrease in hVEGF (247.984.81 vs. 80.53 26.13). These results indicate that VEGF was only successfully sequestered in a small subset of animals (3/11) and that VEGF overload might be a resistance mechanism. At the final time point, PAT showed no difference between Ctrl and Bev-NR in THb for either group (THbMDA-MB-231 7.2±1.3 vs. 5.5±1.2). THb was found significantly increased in the Bev-R group by PAT (13.9±3.3 p-valuevs.Crtl=0.0339; p-valuevs.Bev=0.0072) and biochemical measurements. SO2 showed a slight but significant decrease between Ctrl and Bev-NR (0.58±0.03 vs. 0.48±0.01). A dramatic decrease was seen in the Bev-R group (0.31±0.07) and significantly different from Ctrl and Bev-NR. SO2 was sensitive to early changes, SO2 values increased in Ctrl and Bev-NR 48h after enrolment (p-values paired t-test pCtrl= 0.0134; pNR=0.0268) while Bev-R shows a trend (p=0.0649). Analysis of SO2MSOT over time shows a significant (p<0.0001) change in slope at 3 weeks after enrolment in the Bev-R group compared to either of the Ctrl or Bev-NR groups. Our results indicate that PAT SO2 can differentiate responders at very early stages of the treatment. Histologically, we observed fewer blood vessels but better structured in Bev-NR than in Bev-R, which showed higher vascular density and also higher levels of hypoxia makers.
Statement of the Conclusions: Our results postulates PAT as a low-cost, label-free and non-invasive candidate to monitor response to Bevacizumab over time. Our results also indicate that tumours with functional vasculature may be resistant to Bevacizumab treatment.
Citation Format: Isabel Quiros-Gonzalez, Michal R. Tomaszewski, Monika A. Golinska, Emma Brown, Laura Ansel-Bollepalli, Lina Hacker, Dominique-Laurent Couturier, Rosa M. Sainz, Sarah E. Bohndiek. Bevacizumab leaves a photoacoustic fingerprint in breast cancer mouse models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB057.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emma Brown
- 2University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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14
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Brown EL, Lefebvre TL, Sweeney PW, Stolz BJ, Gröhl J, Hacker L, Huang Z, Couturier DL, Harrington HA, Byrne HM, Bohndiek SE. Quantification of vascular networks in photoacoustic mesoscopy. Photoacoustics 2022; 26:100357. [PMID: 35574188 PMCID: PMC9095888 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesoscopic photoacoustic imaging (PAI) enables non-invasive visualisation of tumour vasculature. The visual or semi-quantitative 2D measurements typically applied to mesoscopic PAI data fail to capture the 3D vessel network complexity and lack robust ground truths for assessment of accuracy. Here, we developed a pipeline for quantifying 3D vascular networks captured using mesoscopic PAI and tested the preservation of blood volume and network structure with topological data analysis. Ground truth data of in silico synthetic vasculatures and a string phantom indicated that learning-based segmentation best preserves vessel diameter and blood volume at depth, while rule-based segmentation with vesselness image filtering accurately preserved network structure in superficial vessels. Segmentation of vessels in breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) compared favourably to ex vivo immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, our findings underscore the importance of validating segmentation methods when applying mesoscopic PAI as a tool to evaluate vascular networks in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Thierry L. Lefebvre
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Paul W. Sweeney
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Bernadette J. Stolz
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Janek Gröhl
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Lina Hacker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ziqiang Huang
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | | | | | - Helen M. Byrne
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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15
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Gröhl J, Hacker L, Cox BT, Dreher KK, Morscher S, Rakotondrainibe A, Varray F, Yip LC, Vogt WC, Bohndiek SE. The IPASC data format: A consensus data format for photoacoustic imaging. Photoacoustics 2022; 26:100339. [PMID: 35287304 PMCID: PMC8917284 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging modality that has shown promise for improving patient management in a range of applications. Unfortunately, the current lack of uniformity in PAI data formats compromises inter-user data exchange and comparison, which impedes: technological progress; effective research collaboration; and efforts to deliver multi-centre clinical trials. To overcome this challenge, the International Photoacoustic Standardisation Consortium (IPASC) has established a data format with a defined consensus metadata structure and developed an open-source software application programming interface (API) to enable conversion from proprietary file formats into the IPASC format. The format is based on Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5) and designed to store photoacoustic raw time series data. Internal quality control mechanisms are included to ensure completeness and consistency of the converted data. By unifying the variety of proprietary data and metadata definitions into a consensus format, IPASC hopes to facilitate the exchange and comparison of PAI data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Gröhl
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Hacker
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ben T. Cox
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kris K. Dreher
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - François Varray
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, F-69621, Lyon, France
| | - Lawrence C.M. Yip
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - William C. Vogt
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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16
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Hacker L, Wabnitz H, Pifferi A, Pfefer TJ, Pogue BW, Bohndiek SE. Criteria for the design of tissue-mimicking phantoms for the standardization of biophotonic instrumentation. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:541-558. [PMID: 35624150 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A lack of accepted standards and standardized phantoms suitable for the technical validation of biophotonic instrumentation hinders the reliability and reproducibility of its experimental outputs. In this Perspective, we discuss general criteria for the design of tissue-mimicking biophotonic phantoms, and use these criteria and state-of-the-art developments to critically review the literature on phantom materials and on the fabrication of phantoms. By focusing on representative examples of standardization in diffuse optical imaging and spectroscopy, fluorescence-guided surgery and photoacoustic imaging, we identify unmet needs in the development of phantoms and a set of criteria (leveraging characterization, collaboration, communication and commitment) for the standardization of biophotonic instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hacker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Quiros-Gonzalez I, Tomaszewski MR, Golinska MA, Brown E, Ansel-Bollepalli L, Hacker L, Couturier DL, Sainz RM, Bohndiek SE. Photoacoustic Tomography Detects Response and Resistance to Bevacizumab in Breast Cancer Mouse Models. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1658-1668. [PMID: 35404400 PMCID: PMC9359720 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an established prognostic factor in advanced breast cancer, yet response to antiangiogenic therapies in this disease remains highly variable. Noninvasive imaging biomarkers could help identify patients that will benefit from antiangiogenic therapy and provide an ideal tool for longitudinal monitoring, enabling dosing regimens to be altered with real-time feedback. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is an emerging imaging modality that provides a direct readout of tumor hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation. We hypothesized that PAT could be used in the longitudinal setting to provide an early indication of response or resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. To test this hypothesis, PAT was performed over time in estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer xenograft mouse models undergoing treatment with the antiangiogenic bevacizumab as a single agent. The cohort of treated tumors, which were mostly resistant to the treatment, contained a subset that demonstrated a clear survival benefit. At endpoint, the PAT data from the responding subset showed significantly lower oxygenation and higher hemoglobin content compared with both resistant and control tumors. Longitudinal analysis revealed that tumor oxygenation diverged significantly in the responding subset, identifying early treatment response and the evolution of different vascular phenotypes between the subsets. Responding tumors were characterized by a more angiogenic phenotype when analyzed with IHC, displaying higher vessel density, yet poorer vascular maturity and elevated hypoxia. Taken together, our findings indicate that PAT shows promise in providing an early indication of response or resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Photoacoustic assessment of tumor oxygenation is a noninvasive early indicator of response to bevacizumab therapy, clearly distinguishing between control, responding, and resistant tumors within just a few weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Quiros-Gonzalez
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michal R. Tomaszewski
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Monika A. Golinska
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Ansel-Bollepalli
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Hacker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique-Laurent Couturier
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa M. Sainz
- Cell Morphology and Biology Department, IUOPA and ISPA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Gröhl J, Dreher KK, Schellenberg M, Rix T, Holzwarth N, Vieten P, Ayala L, Bohndiek SE, Seitel A, Maier-Hein L. SIMPA: an open-source toolkit for simulation and image processing for photonics and acoustics. J Biomed Opt 2022; 27:JBO-210395SSR. [PMID: 35380031 PMCID: PMC8978263 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.8.083010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Optical and acoustic imaging techniques enable noninvasive visualisation of structural and functional properties of tissue. The quantification of measurements, however, remains challenging due to the inverse problems that must be solved. Emerging data-driven approaches are promising, but they rely heavily on the presence of high-quality simulations across a range of wavelengths due to the lack of ground truth knowledge of tissue acoustical and optical properties in realistic settings. AIM To facilitate this process, we present the open-source simulation and image processing for photonics and acoustics (SIMPA) Python toolkit. SIMPA is being developed according to modern software design standards. APPROACH SIMPA enables the use of computational forward models, data processing algorithms, and digital device twins to simulate realistic images within a single pipeline. SIMPA's module implementations can be seamlessly exchanged as SIMPA abstracts from the concrete implementation of each forward model and builds the simulation pipeline in a modular fashion. Furthermore, SIMPA provides comprehensive libraries of biological structures, such as vessels, as well as optical and acoustic properties and other functionalities for the generation of realistic tissue models. RESULTS To showcase the capabilities of SIMPA, we show examples in the context of photoacoustic imaging: the diversity of creatable tissue models, the customisability of a simulation pipeline, and the degree of realism of the simulations. CONCLUSIONS SIMPA is an open-source toolkit that can be used to simulate optical and acoustic imaging modalities. The code is available at: https://github.com/IMSY-DKFZ/simpa, and all of the examples and experiments in this paper can be reproduced using the code available at: https://github.com/IMSY-DKFZ/simpa_paper_experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Gröhl
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kris K. Dreher
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schellenberg
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg, Germany
- HIDSS4Health - Helmholtz Information and Data Science School for Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tom Rix
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Holzwarth
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia Vieten
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Ayala
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Seitel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Maier-Hein
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
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Lefebvre TL, Brown E, Hacker L, Else T, Oraiopoulou ME, Tomaszewski MR, Jena R, Bohndiek SE. The Potential of Photoacoustic Imaging in Radiation Oncology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:803777. [PMID: 35311156 PMCID: PMC8928467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.803777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is recognized globally as a mainstay of treatment in most solid tumors and is essential in both curative and palliative settings. Ionizing radiation is frequently combined with surgery, either preoperatively or postoperatively, and with systemic chemotherapy. Recent advances in imaging have enabled precise targeting of solid lesions yet substantial intratumoral heterogeneity means that treatment planning and monitoring remains a clinical challenge as therapy response can take weeks to manifest on conventional imaging and early indications of progression can be misleading. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging modality for molecular imaging of cancer, enabling non-invasive assessment of endogenous tissue chromophores with optical contrast at unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. Preclinical studies in mouse models have shown that PAI could be used to assess response to radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy based on changes in the tumor vascular architecture and blood oxygen saturation, which are closely linked to tumor hypoxia. Given the strong relationship between hypoxia and radio-resistance, PAI assessment of the tumor microenvironment has the potential to be applied longitudinally during radiotherapy to detect resistance at much earlier time-points than currently achieved by size measurements and tailor treatments based on tumor oxygen availability and vascular heterogeneity. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art in PAI in the context of radiotherapy research. Based on these studies, we identify promising applications of PAI in radiation oncology and discuss the future potential and outstanding challenges in the development of translational PAI biomarkers of early response to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry L. Lefebvre
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Hacker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Else
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mariam-Eleni Oraiopoulou
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michal R. Tomaszewski
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Rajesh Jena
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Sawyer TW, Taylor-Williams M, Tao R, Xia R, Williams C, Bohndiek SE. Opti-MSFA: a toolbox for generalized design and optimization of multispectral filter arrays. Opt Express 2022; 30:7591-7611. [PMID: 35299518 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.17061428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Multispectral imaging captures spatial information across a set of discrete spectral channels and is widely utilized across diverse applications such as remote sensing, industrial inspection, and biomedical imaging. Multispectral filter arrays (MSFAs) are filter mosaics integrated atop image sensors that facilitate cost-effective, compact, snapshot multispectral imaging. MSFAs are pre-configured based on application-where filter channels are selected corresponding to targeted absorption spectra-making the design of optimal MSFAs vital for a given application. Despite the availability of many design and optimization approaches for spectral channel selection and spatial arrangement, major limitations remain. There are few robust approaches for joint spectral-spatial optimization, techniques are typically only applicable to limited datasets and most critically, are not available for general use and improvement by the wider community. Here, we reconcile current MSFA design techniques and present Opti-MSFA: a Python-based open-access toolbox for the centralized design and optimization of MSFAs. Opti-MSFA incorporates established spectral-spatial optimization algorithms, such as gradient descent and simulated annealing, multispectral-RGB image reconstruction, and is applicable to user-defined input of spatial-spectral datasets or imagery. We demonstrate the utility of the toolbox by comparing against other published MSFAs using the standard hyperspectral datasets Samson and Jasper Ridge, and further show application on experimentally acquired fluorescence imaging data. In conjunction with end-user input and collaboration, we foresee the continued development of Opti-MSFA for the benefit of the wider research community.
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21
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Sawyer TW, Taylor-Williams M, Tao R, Xia R, Williams C, Bohndiek SE. Opti-MSFA: a toolbox for generalized design and optimization of multispectral filter arrays. Opt Express 2022; 30:7591-7611. [PMID: 35299518 PMCID: PMC8970693 DOI: 10.1364/oe.446767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Multispectral imaging captures spatial information across a set of discrete spectral channels and is widely utilized across diverse applications such as remote sensing, industrial inspection, and biomedical imaging. Multispectral filter arrays (MSFAs) are filter mosaics integrated atop image sensors that facilitate cost-effective, compact, snapshot multispectral imaging. MSFAs are pre-configured based on application-where filter channels are selected corresponding to targeted absorption spectra-making the design of optimal MSFAs vital for a given application. Despite the availability of many design and optimization approaches for spectral channel selection and spatial arrangement, major limitations remain. There are few robust approaches for joint spectral-spatial optimization, techniques are typically only applicable to limited datasets and most critically, are not available for general use and improvement by the wider community. Here, we reconcile current MSFA design techniques and present Opti-MSFA: a Python-based open-access toolbox for the centralized design and optimization of MSFAs. Opti-MSFA incorporates established spectral-spatial optimization algorithms, such as gradient descent and simulated annealing, multispectral-RGB image reconstruction, and is applicable to user-defined input of spatial-spectral datasets or imagery. We demonstrate the utility of the toolbox by comparing against other published MSFAs using the standard hyperspectral datasets Samson and Jasper Ridge, and further show application on experimentally acquired fluorescence imaging data. In conjunction with end-user input and collaboration, we foresee the continued development of Opti-MSFA for the benefit of the wider research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W. Sawyer
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona,1 670 E. Drachman St. Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Michaela Taylor-Williams
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Division, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Ruqiao Xia
- Department of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Division, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Calum Williams
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
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22
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Hacker L, Joseph J, Ivory AM, Saed MO, Zeqiri B, Rajagopal S, Bohndiek SE. A Copolymer-in-Oil Tissue-Mimicking Material With Tuneable Acoustic and Optical Characteristics for Photoacoustic Imaging Phantoms. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2021; 40:3593-3603. [PMID: 34152979 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) standardisation demands a stable, highly reproducible physical phantom to enable routine quality control and robust performance evaluation. To address this need, we have optimised a low-cost copolymer-in-oil tissue-mimickingmaterial formulation. The base material consists of mineral oil, copolymer and stabiliser with defined Chemical Abstract Service numbers. Speed of sound c(f) and acoustic attenuation coefficient α (f) were characterised over 2-10 MHz; optical absorption μa ( λ ) and reduced scattering μs '( λ ) coefficients over 450-900 nm. Acoustic properties were optimised by modifying base component ratios and optical properties were adjusted using additives. The temporal, thermomechanical and photo-stabilitywere studied, alongwith intra-laboratory fabrication and field-testing. c(f) could be tuned up to (1516±0.6) [Formula: see text] and α (f) to (17.4±0.3)dB · cm -1 at 5 MHz. The base material exhibited negligible μa ( λ ) and μs '( λ ), which could be independently tuned by addition of Nigrosin or TiO2 respectively. These properties were stable over almost a year and were minimally affected by recasting. The material showed high intra-laboratory reproducibility (coefficient of variation <4% for c ( f ), α ( f ), optical transmittance and reflectance), and good photo- and mechanical-stability in the relevant working range (20-40°C). The optimised copolymer-in-oil material represents an excellent candidate for widespread application in PAI phantoms, with properties suitable for broader use in biophotonics and ultrasound imaging standardisation efforts.
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23
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Waterhouse DJ, Bano S, Januszewicz W, Stoyanov D, Fitzgerald RC, di Pietro M, Bohndiek SE. First-in-human pilot study of snapshot multispectral endoscopy for early detection of Barrett's-related neoplasia. J Biomed Opt 2021; 26:JBO-210159R. [PMID: 34628734 PMCID: PMC8501416 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.10.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The early detection of dysplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus could improve outcomes by enabling curative intervention; however, dysplasia is often inconspicuous using conventional white-light endoscopy. AIM We sought to determine whether multispectral imaging (MSI) could be applied in endoscopy to improve detection of dysplasia in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. APPROACH We used a commercial fiberscope to relay imaging data from within the upper GI tract to a snapshot MSI camera capable of collecting data from nine spectral bands. The system was deployed in a pilot clinical study of 20 patients (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03388047) to capture 727 in vivo image cubes matched with gold-standard diagnosis from histopathology. We compared the performance of seven learning-based methods for data classification, including linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbor classification, and a neural network. RESULTS Validation of our approach using a Macbeth color chart achieved an image-based classification accuracy of 96.5%. Although our patient cohort showed significant intra- and interpatient variance, we were able to resolve disease-specific contributions to the recorded MSI data. In classification, a combined principal component analysis and k-nearest-neighbor approach performed best, achieving accuracies of 95.8%, 90.7%, and 76.1%, respectively, for squamous, non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus and neoplasia based on majority decisions per-image. CONCLUSIONS MSI shows promise for disease classification in Barrett's esophagus and merits further investigation as a tool in high-definition "chip-on-tip" endoscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale J. Waterhouse
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics and CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Bano
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wladyslaw Januszewicz
- Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dan Stoyanov
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano di Pietro
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics and CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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24
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Yoon J, Joseph J, Waterhouse DJ, Borzy C, Siemens K, Diamond S, Tsikitis VL, Bohndiek SE. First experience in clinical application of hyperspectral endoscopy for evaluation of colonic polyps. J Biophotonics 2021; 14:e202100078. [PMID: 34047490 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Early detection and resection of adenomatous polyps prevents their progression to colorectal cancer (CRC), significantly improving patient outcomes. Polyps are typically identified and removed during white-light colonoscopy. Unfortunately, the rate of interval cancers that arise between CRC screening events remains high, linked to poor visualization of polyps during screening and incomplete polyp removal. Here, we sought to evaluate the potential of a hyperspectral endoscope (HySE) to enhance polyp discrimination for detection and resection. We designed, built and tested a new compact HySE in a proof-of-concept clinical study. We successfully collected spectra from three tissue types in seven patients undergoing routine colonoscopy screening. The acquired spectral data from normal tissue and polyps, both pre- and post- resection, were subjected to quantitative analysis using spectral angle mapping and machine learning, which discriminated the data by tissue type, meriting further investigation of HySE as a clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghee Yoon
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Joseph
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, Fulton Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Dale J Waterhouse
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlie Borzy
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kyla Siemens
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Waterhouse DJ, Januszewicz W, Ali S, Fitzgerald RC, di Pietro M, Bohndiek SE. Spectral Endoscopy Enhances Contrast for Neoplasia in Surveillance of Barrett's Esophagus. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3415-3425. [PMID: 34039635 PMCID: PMC7611389 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of esophageal neoplasia enables curative endoscopic therapy, but the current diagnostic standard of care has low sensitivity because early neoplasia is often inconspicuous with conventional white-light endoscopy. Here, we hypothesized that spectral endoscopy could enhance contrast for neoplasia in surveillance of patients with Barrett's esophagus. A custom spectral endoscope was deployed in a pilot clinical study of 20 patients to capture 715 in vivo tissue spectra matched with gold standard diagnosis from histopathology. Spectral endoscopy was sensitive to changes in neovascularization during the progression of disease; both non-dysplastic and neoplastic Barrett's esophagus showed higher blood volume relative to healthy squamous tissue (P = 0.001 and 0.02, respectively), and vessel radius appeared larger in neoplasia relative to non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus (P = 0.06). We further developed a deep learning algorithm capable of classifying spectra of neoplasia versus non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus with high accuracy (84.8% accuracy, 83.7% sensitivity, 85.5% specificity, 78.3% positive predictive value, and 89.4% negative predictive value). Exploiting the newly acquired library of labeled spectra to model custom color filter sets identified a potential 12-fold enhancement in contrast between neoplasia and non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus using application-specific color filters compared with standard-of-care white-light imaging (perceptible color difference = 32.4 and 2.7, respectively). This work demonstrates the potential of endoscopic spectral imaging to extract vascular properties in Barrett's esophagus, to classify disease stages using deep learning, and to enable high-contrast endoscopy. SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this pilot first-in-human clinical trial demonstrate the potential of spectral endoscopy to reveal disease-associated vascular changes and to provide high-contrast delineation of neoplasia in the esophagus. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/12/3415/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale J Waterhouse
- Department of Physics and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wladyslaw Januszewicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Clinical Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sharib Ali
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Center, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano di Pietro
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Center, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Joseph J, Ajith Singh MK, Sato N, Bohndiek SE. Technical validation studies of a dual-wavelength LED-based photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging system. Photoacoustics 2021; 22:100267. [PMID: 33948434 PMCID: PMC8080074 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in high power, pulsed, light emitting diodes (LEDs) have shown potential as fast, robust and relatively inexpensive excitation sources for photoacoustic imaging (PAI), yet systematic characterization of performance for biomedical imaging is still lacking. We report here technical and biological validation studies of a commercial dual-wavelength LED-based PAI and ultrasound system. Phantoms and small animals were used to assess temporal precision. In phantom studies, we found high temporal stability of the LED-based PAI system, with no significant drift in performance observed during 6 h of operation or over 30 days of repeated measurements. In vivo dual-wavelength imaging was able to map the dynamics of changes in blood oxygenation during oxygen-enhanced imaging and reveal the kinetics of indocyanine green contrast agent inflow after intravenous administration (Tmax∼6 min). Taken together, these studies indicate that LED-based excitation could be promising for future application in functional and molecular PAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Joseph
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Now at School of Science and Engineering, Fulton Building, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | | | - Naoto Sato
- Research and Development Division, CYBERDYNE INC, Tsukuba, 305-0818, Japan
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
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27
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Gröhl J, Kirchner T, Adler TJ, Hacker L, Holzwarth N, Hernández-Aguilera A, Herrera MA, Santos E, Bohndiek SE, Maier-Hein L. Learned spectral decoloring enables photoacoustic oximetry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6565. [PMID: 33753769 PMCID: PMC7985523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of photoacoustic imaging to measure functional tissue properties, such as blood oxygenation sO[Formula: see text], enables a wide variety of possible applications. sO[Formula: see text] can be computed from the ratio of oxyhemoglobin HbO[Formula: see text] and deoxyhemoglobin Hb, which can be distuinguished by multispectral photoacoustic imaging due to their distinct wavelength-dependent absorption. However, current methods for estimating sO[Formula: see text] yield inaccurate results in realistic settings, due to the unknown and wavelength-dependent influence of the light fluence on the signal. In this work, we propose learned spectral decoloring to enable blood oxygenation measurements to be inferred from multispectral photoacoustic imaging. The method computes sO[Formula: see text] pixel-wise, directly from initial pressure spectra [Formula: see text], which represent initial pressure values at a fixed spatial location [Formula: see text] over all recorded wavelengths [Formula: see text]. The method is compared to linear unmixing approaches, as well as pO[Formula: see text] and blood gas analysis reference measurements. Experimental results suggest that the proposed method is able to obtain sO[Formula: see text] estimates from multispectral photoacoustic measurements in silico, in vitro, and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Gröhl
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Applied Physics, Biomedical Photonics, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tim J Adler
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lina Hacker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Niklas Holzwarth
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Mildred A Herrera
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edgar Santos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Lena Maier-Hein
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Szucs Z, Joseph J, Larkin TJ, Xie B, Bohndiek SE, Brindle KM, Neves AA. Correction to: Multi-modal imaging of high-risk ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast using C2Am: a targeted cell death imaging agent. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:32. [PMID: 33722249 PMCID: PMC7958420 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Szucs
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - James Joseph
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Present address: School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tim J Larkin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Bangwen Xie
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - André A Neves
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
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29
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Szucs Z, Joseph J, Larkin TJ, Xie B, Bohndiek SE, Brindle KM, Neves AA. Multi-modal imaging of high-risk ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast using C2Am: a targeted cell death imaging agent. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:25. [PMID: 33596961 PMCID: PMC7891030 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive form of early breast cancer, with a poorly understood natural history of invasive transformation. Necrosis is a well-recognized adverse prognostic feature of DCIS, and non-invasive detection of its presence and spatial extent could provide information not obtainable by biopsy. We describe here imaging of the distribution and extent of comedo-type necrosis in a model of human DCIS using C2Am, an imaging agent that binds to the phosphatidylserine exposed by necrotic cells. METHODS We used an established xenograft model of human DCIS that mimics the histopathological features of the disease. Planar near-infrared and optoacoustic imaging, using fluorescently labeled C2Am, were used to image non-invasively the presence and extent of lesion necrosis. RESULTS C2Am showed specific and sensitive binding to necrotic areas in DCIS tissue, detectable both in vivo and ex vivo. The imaging signal generated in vivo using near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging was up to 6-fold higher in DCIS lesions than in surrounding fat pad or skin tissue. There was a correlation between the C2Am NIR fluorescence (Pearson R = 0.783, P = 0.0125) and optoacoustic signals (R > 0.875, P < 0.022) in the DCIS lesions in vivo and the corresponding levels of cell death detected histologically. CONCLUSIONS C2Am is a targeted multi-modal imaging agent that could complement current anatomical imaging methods for detecting DCIS. Imaging the presence and spatial extent of necrosis may give better prognostic information than that obtained by biopsy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Szucs
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - James Joseph
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Present address: University of Dundee, School of Science and Engineering, Dundee, UK
| | - Tim J Larkin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Bangwen Xie
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - André A Neves
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
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30
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Joseph J, Baumann KN, Postigo A, Bollepalli L, Bohndiek SE, Hernández-Ainsa S. DNA-Based Nanocarriers to Enhance the Optoacoustic Contrast of Tumors In Vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001739. [PMID: 33191661 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Optoacoustic tomography (OT) enables non-invasive deep tissue imaging of optical contrast at high spatio-temporal resolution. The applications of OT in cancer imaging often rely on the use of molecular imaging contrast agents based on near-infrared (NIR) dyes to enhance contrast at the tumor site. While these agents afford excellent biocompatibility and minimal toxicity, they present limited optoacoustic signal generation capability and rapid renal clearance, which can impede their tumor imaging efficacy. In this work, a synthetic strategy to overcome these limitations utilizing biodegradable DNA-based nanocarrier (DNA-NC) platforms is introduced. DNA-NCs enable the incorporation of NIR dyes (in this case, IRDye 800CW) at precise positions to enable fluorescence quenching and maximize optoacoustic signal generation. Furthermore, these DNA-NCs show a prolonged blood circulation compared to the native fluorophores, facilitating tumor accumulation by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In vivo imaging of tumor xenografts in mice following intravenous administration of DNA-NCs reveals enhanced OT signals at 24 h when compared to free fluorophores, indicating promise for this method to enhance the optoacoustic signal generation capability and tumor uptake of clinically relevant NIR dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Joseph
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Kevin N Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Alejandro Postigo
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Laura Bollepalli
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Silvia Hernández-Ainsa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- ARAID Foundation, Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
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31
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Fitzpatrick CRM, Wilson A, Sawyer TW, Christopher PJ, Wilkinson TD, Bohndiek SE, Gordon GSD. Robustness to misalignment of low-cost, compact quantitative phase imaging architectures. OSA Contin 2020; 3:2660-2679. [PMID: 34222834 PMCID: PMC8219376 DOI: 10.1364/osac.395498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-interferometric approaches to quantitative phase imaging could enable its application in low-cost, miniaturised settings such as capsule endoscopy. We present two possible architectures and both analyse and mitigate the effect of sensor misalignment on phase imaging performance. This is a crucial step towards determining the feasibility of implementing phase imaging in a capsule device. First, we investigate a design based on a folded 4f correlator, both in simulation and experimentally. We demonstrate a novel technique for identifying and compensating for axial misalignment and explore the limits of the approach. Next, we explore the implications of axial and transverse misalignment, and of manufacturing variations on the performance of a phase plate-based architecture, identifying a clear trade-off between phase plate resolution and algorithm convergence time. We conclude that while the phase plate architecture is more robust to misalignment, both architectures merit further development with the goal of realising a low-cost, compact system for applying phase imaging in capsule endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abby Wilson
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Travis W. Sawyer
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Peter J. Christopher
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Timothy D. Wilkinson
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - George S. D. Gordon
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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32
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Needham LM, Weber J, Pearson CM, Do DT, Gorka F, Lyu G, Bohndiek SE, Snaddon TN, Lee SF. A Comparative Photophysical Study of Structural Modifications of Thioflavin T-Inspired Fluorophores. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8406-8416. [PMID: 32924494 PMCID: PMC8741274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The benzothiazolium salt, Thioflavin T (ThT), has been widely adopted as the "gold-standard" fluorescent reporter of amyloid in vitro. Its properties as a molecular rotor result in a large-scale (∼1000-fold) fluorescence turn-on upon binding to β-sheets in amyloidogenic proteins. However, the complex photophysics of ThT combined with the intricate and varied nature of the amyloid binding motif means these interactions are poorly understood. To study this important class of fluorophores, we present a detailed photophysical characterization and comparison of a novel library of 12 ThT-inspired fluorescent probes for amyloid protein (PAPs), where both the charge and donor capacity of the heterocyclic and aminobenzene components have been interrogated, respectively. This enables direct photophysical juxtaposition of two structural groups: the neutral "PAP" (class 1) and the charged "mPAP" fluorophores (class 2). We quantify binding and optical properties at both the bulk and single-aggregate levels with some derivatives showing higher aggregate affinity and brightness than ThT. Finally, we demonstrate their abilities to perform super-resolution imaging of α-synuclein fibrils with localization precisions of ∼16 nm. The properties of the derivatives provide new insights into the relationship between chemical structure and function of benzothiazole probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Needham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Judith Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K
| | - Colin M Pearson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dung T Do
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Felix Gorka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Guanpeng Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Thomas N Snaddon
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Steven F Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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33
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Hacker L, Brunker J, Smith ESJ, Quiros-Gonzalez I, Bohndiek SE. Photoacoustics resolves species-specific differences in hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation. J Biomed Opt 2020; 25:JBO-200056RR. [PMID: 32888263 PMCID: PMC7471783 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.9.095002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) enables the detection of blood hemoglobin (HB) concentration and oxygenation (sO2) with high contrast and resolution. Despite the heavy use of photoacoustically determined total hemoglobin (THb) and oxygenation (sO2) biomarkers in PAI research, their relationship with underlying biochemical blood parameters and the impact of intra- and interspecies genetic variability have yet to be established. AIM To explore the relationship between THb and sO2 photoacoustic biomarkers and the underlying biochemical blood parameters in a species-specific manner. APPROACH Experiments were performed on blood in vitro using tissue-mimicking agar phantoms. Blood was extracted from mouse, rat, human, and naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), anticoagulated in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and measured within 48 h. THb and sO2 were measured using a commercial photoacoustic tomography system (InVision 128, iThera Medical GmBH). Biochemical blood parameters such as HB concentration (g/dL), hematocrit (HCT, %), and red blood cell (RBC) count (μL - 1) were assessed using a hematology analyzer (Mythic 18 Vet, Woodley Equipment). RESULTS A significant correlation was observed between THb and biochemical HB, HCT, and RBC in mouse and rat blood. Moreover, PAI accurately recapitulated interspecies variations in HB and HCT between mouse and rat blood and resolved differences in the oxygen dissociation curves measured using sO2 between human, mouse, and rat. With these validation data in hand, we applied PAI to studies of blood obtained from naked mole-rats and could confirm the high oxygen affinity of this species in comparison to other rodents of similar size. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the high sensitivity of photoacoustically determined hemoglobin biomarkers toward species-specific variations in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hacker
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Brunker
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan St. John Smith
- University of Cambridge, Department of Pharmacology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Quiros-Gonzalez
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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34
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Yoon J, Grigoroiu A, Bohndiek SE. A background correction method to compensate illumination variation in hyperspectral imaging. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229502. [PMID: 32168335 PMCID: PMC7069652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) can measure both spatial (morphological) and spectral (biochemical) information from biological tissues. While HSI appears promising for biomedical applications, interpretation of hyperspectral images can be challenging when data is acquired in complex biological environments. Variations in surface topology or optical power distribution at the sample, encountered for example during endoscopy, can lead to errors in post-processing of the HSI data, compromising disease diagnostic capabilities. Here, we propose a background correction method to compensate for such variations, which estimates the optical properties of illumination at the target based on the normalised spectral profile of the light source and the measured HSI intensity values at a fixed wavelength where the absorption characteristics of the sample are relatively low (in this case, 800 nm). We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method by imaging blood samples, tissue-mimicking phantoms, and ex vivo chicken tissue. Moreover, using synthetic HSI data composed from experimentally measured spectra, we show the proposed method would improve statistical analysis of HSI data. The proposed method could help the implementation of HSI techniques in practical clinical applications, where controlling the illumination pattern and power is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghee Yoon
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
- Li Ka Shing Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandru Grigoroiu
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
- Li Ka Shing Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
- Li Ka Shing Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
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35
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Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is being explored in endoscopy as a tool to extract biochemical information that may improve contrast for early cancer detection in the gastrointestinal tract. Motion artefacts during medical endoscopy have traditionally limited HSI application, however, recent developments in the field have led to real-time HSI deployments. Unfortunately, traditional HSI analysis methods remain unable to rapidly process the volume of hyperspectral data in order to provide real-time feedback to the operator. Here, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to enable online classification of data obtained during HSI endoscopy. A five-layered CNN was trained and fine-tuned on a dataset of 300 hyperspectral endoscopy images acquired from a planar Macbeth ColorChecker chart and was able to distinguish between its 18 constituent colors with an average accuracy of 94.3% achieved at 8.8 fps. Performance was then tested on a set of images simulating an endoscopy environment, consisting of color charts warped inside a rigid tube mimicking a lumen. The algorithm proved robust to such variations, with classification accuracies over 90% being obtained despite the variations, with an average drop in accuracy of 2.4% being registered at the points of longest working distance and most inclination. For further validation of the color-based classification system, ex vivo videos of a methylene blue dyed pig esophagus and images of different disease stages in the human esophagus were analyzed, showing spatially distinct color classifications. These results suggest that the CNN has potential to provide color-based classification during real-time HSI in endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Grigoroiu
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Jonghee Yoon
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom.
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36
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Needham LM, Weber J, Varela JA, Fyfe JWB, Do DT, Xu CK, Tutton L, Cliffe R, Keenlyside B, Klenerman D, Dobson CM, Hunter CA, Müller KH, O'Holleran K, Bohndiek SE, Snaddon TN, Lee SF. ThX - a next-generation probe for the early detection of amyloid aggregates. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4578-4583. [PMID: 34122915 PMCID: PMC8159457 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are associated with protein misfolding and aggregation. Recent studies suggest that the small, rare and heterogeneous oligomeric species, formed early on in the aggregation process, may be a source of cytotoxicity. Thioflavin T (ThT) is currently the gold-standard fluorescent probe for the study of amyloid proteins and aggregation processes. However, the poor photophysical and binding properties of ThT impairs the study of oligomers. To overcome this challenge, we have designed Thioflavin X, (ThX), a next-generation fluorescent probe which displays superior properties; including a 5-fold increase in brightness and 7-fold increase in binding affinity to amyloidogenic proteins. As an extrinsic dye, this can be used to study unique structural amyloid features both in bulk and on a single-aggregate level. Furthermore, ThX can be used as a super-resolution imaging probe in single-molecule localisation microscopy. Finally, the improved optical properties (extinction coefficient, quantum yield and brightness) of ThX can be used to monitor structural differences in oligomeric species, not observed via traditional ThT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK .,Department of Physics, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0HE UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - Juan A Varela
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - James W B Fyfe
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington 47405 USA
| | - Dung T Do
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington 47405 USA
| | - Catherine K Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Luke Tutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Rachel Cliffe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | | | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | | | | | - Karin H Müller
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3DY UK
| | - Kevin O'Holleran
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3DY UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0HE UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - Thomas N Snaddon
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington 47405 USA
| | - Steven F Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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37
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Williams C, Gordon GSD, Wilkinson TD, Bohndiek SE. Grayscale-to-Color: Scalable Fabrication of Custom Multispectral Filter Arrays. ACS Photonics 2019; 6:3132-3141. [PMID: 31921939 PMCID: PMC6943817 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Snapshot multispectral image (MSI) sensors have been proposed as a key enabler for a plethora of multispectral imaging applications, from diagnostic medical imaging to remote sensing. With each application requiring a different set, and number, of spectral bands, the absence of a scalable, cost-effective manufacturing solution for custom multispectral filter arrays (MSFAs) has prevented widespread MSI adoption. Despite recent nanophotonic-based efforts, such as plasmonic or high-index metasurface arrays, large-area MSFA manufacturing still consists of many-layer dielectric (Fabry-Perot) stacks, requiring separate complex lithography steps for each spectral band and multiple material compositions for each. It is an expensive, cumbersome, and inflexible undertaking, but yields optimal optical performance. Here, we demonstrate a manufacturing process that enables cost-effective wafer-level fabrication of custom MSFAs in a single lithographic step, maintaining high efficiencies (∼75%) and narrow line widths (∼25 nm) across the visible to near-infrared. By merging grayscale (analog) lithography with metal-insulator-metal (MIM) Fabry-Perot cavities, whereby exposure dose controls cavity thickness, we demonstrate simplified fabrication of MSFAs up to N-wavelength bands. The concept is first proven using low-volume electron beam lithography, followed by the demonstration of large-volume UV mask-based photolithography with MSFAs produced at the wafer level. Our framework provides an attractive alternative to conventional MSFA manufacture and metasurface-based spectral filters by reducing both fabrication complexity and cost of these intricate optical devices, while increasing customizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Williams
- Electrical
Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - George S. D. Gordon
- Electrical
Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Timothy D. Wilkinson
- Electrical
Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Cancer
Research UK Cambridge Institute, University
of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, U.K.
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38
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Gordon GSD, Joseph J, Alcolea MP, Sawyer T, Williams C, Fitzpatrick CRM, Jones PH, di Pietro M, Fitzgerald RC, Wilkinson TD, Bohndiek SE. Quantitative phase and polarization imaging through an optical fiber applied to detection of early esophageal tumorigenesis. J Biomed Opt 2019; 24:1-13. [PMID: 31840442 PMCID: PMC7006047 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.12.126004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Phase and polarization of coherent light are highly perturbed by interaction with microstructural changes in premalignant tissue, holding promise for label-free detection of early tumors in endoscopically accessible tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract. Flexible optical multicore fiber (MCF) bundles used in conventional diagnostic endoscopy and endomicroscopy scramble phase and polarization, restricting clinicians instead to low-contrast amplitude-only imaging. We apply a transmission matrix characterization approach to produce full-field en-face images of amplitude, quantitative phase, and resolved polarimetric properties through an MCF. We first demonstrate imaging and quantification of biologically relevant amounts of optical scattering and birefringence in tissue-mimicking phantoms. We present an entropy metric that enables imaging of phase heterogeneity, indicative of disordered tissue microstructure associated with early tumors. Finally, we demonstrate that the spatial distribution of phase and polarization information enables label-free visualization of early tumors in esophageal mouse tissues, which are not identifiable using conventional amplitude-only information.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S. D. Gordon
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Joseph
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria P. Alcolea
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Travis Sawyer
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Williams
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philip H. Jones
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano di Pietro
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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39
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Gehrung M, Bohndiek SE, Brunker J. Development of a blood oxygenation phantom for photoacoustic tomography combined with online pO2 detection and flow spectrometry (Erratum). J Biomed Opt 2019; 24:1-2. [PMID: 31872581 PMCID: PMC7006036 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.12.129801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The erratum corrects an error in the article "Development of a blood oxygenation phantom for photoacoustic tomography combined with online pO2 detection and flow spectrometry."
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Gehrung
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka-Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka-Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Brunker
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka-Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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40
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Weber J, Bollepalli L, Belenguer AM, Antonio MD, De Mitri N, Joseph J, Balasubramanian S, Hunter CA, Bohndiek SE. An Activatable Cancer-Targeted Hydrogen Peroxide Probe for Photoacoustic and Fluorescence Imaging. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5407-5417. [PMID: 31455691 PMCID: PMC7611383 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play an important role in cancer, however, their promiscuous reactivity, low abundance, and short-lived nature limit our ability to study them in real time in living subjects with conventional noninvasive imaging methods. Photoacoustic imaging is an emerging modality for in vivo visualization of molecular processes with deep tissue penetration and high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of a targeted, activatable probe for photoacoustic imaging, which is responsive to one of the major and abundant reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This bifunctional probe, which is also detectable with fluorescence imaging, is composed of a heptamethine carbocyanine dye scaffold for signal generation, a 2-deoxyglucose cancer localization moiety, and a boronic ester functionality that specifically detects and reacts to H2O2. The optical properties of the probe were characterized using absorption, fluorescence, and photoacoustic measurements; upon addition of pathophysiologic H2O2 concentrations, a clear increase in fluorescence and red-shift of the absorption and photoacoustic spectra were observed. Studies performed in vitro showed no significant toxicity and specific uptake of the probe into the cytosol in breast cancer cell lines. Importantly, intravenous injection of the probe led to targeted uptake and accumulation in solid tumors, which enabled noninvasive photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging of H2O2. In conclusion, the reported probe shows promise for the in vivo visualization of hydrogen peroxide. SIGNIFICANCE: This study presents the first activatable and cancer-targeted hydrogen peroxide probe for photoacoustic molecular imaging, paving the way for visualization of hydrogen peroxide at high spatiotemporal resolution in living subjects.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/20/5407/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Weber
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Bollepalli
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Belenguer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Di Antonio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola De Mitri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Joseph
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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41
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Gehrung M, Bohndiek SE, Brunker J. Development of a blood oxygenation phantom for photoacoustic tomography combined with online pO2 detection and flow spectrometry. J Biomed Opt 2019; 24:1-11. [PMID: 31625321 PMCID: PMC7005535 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.12.121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is intrinsically sensitive to blood oxygen saturation (sO2) in vivo. However, making accurate sO2 measurements without knowledge of tissue- and instrumentation-related correction factors is extremely challenging. We have developed a low-cost flow phantom to facilitate validation of PAT systems. The phantom is composed of a flow circuit of tubing partially embedded within a tissue-mimicking material, with independent sensors providing online monitoring of the optical absorption spectrum and partial pressure of oxygen in the tube. We first test the flow phantom using two small molecule dyes that are frequently used for photoacoustic imaging: methylene blue and indocyanine green. We then demonstrate the potential of the phantom for evaluating sO2 using chemical oxygenation and deoxygenation of blood in the circuit. Using this dynamic assessment of the photoacoustic sO2 measurement in phantoms in relation to a ground truth, we explore the influence of multispectral processing and spectral coloring on accurate assessment of sO2. Future studies could exploit this low-cost dynamic flow phantom to validate fluence correction algorithms and explore additional blood parameters such as pH and also absorptive and other properties of different fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Gehrung
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka-Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka-Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Brunker
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka-Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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42
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Gordon GSD, Joseph J, Sawyer T, Macfaden AJ, Williams C, Wilkinson TD, Bohndiek SE. Full-field quantitative phase and polarisation-resolved imaging through an optical fibre bundle. Opt Express 2019; 27:23929-23947. [PMID: 31510290 PMCID: PMC6825613 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.023929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Flexible optical fibres, used in conventional medical endoscopy and industrial inspection, scramble phase and polarisation information, restricting users to amplitude-only imaging. Here, we exploit the near-diagonality of the multi-core fibre (MCF) transmission matrix in a parallelised fibre characterisation architecture, enabling accurate imaging of quantitative phase (error <0.3 rad) and polarisation-resolved (errors <10%) properties. We first demonstrate accurate recovery of optical amplitude and phase in two polarisations through the MCF by measuring and inverting the transmission matrix, and then present a robust Bayesian inference approach to resolving 5 polarimetric properties of samples. Our method produces high-resolution (9.0±2.6μm amplitude, phase; 36.0±10.4μm polarimetric) full-field images at working distances up to 1mm over a field-of-view up to 750×750μm 2 using an MCF with potential for flexible operation. We demonstrate the potential of using quantitative phase for computational image focusing and polarisation-resolved properties in imaging birefringence.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S. D. Gordon
- Now at: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - James Joseph
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Travis Sawyer
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Alexander J. Macfaden
- Now at: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Calum Williams
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Timothy D. Wilkinson
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
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43
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Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is a complex cellular ecosystem subjected to chemical and physical signals that play a role in shaping tumour heterogeneity, invasion and metastasis. Studying the roles of the TME in cancer progression would strongly benefit from non-invasive visualisation of the tumour as a whole organ in vivo, both preclinically in mouse models of the disease, as well as in patient tumours. Although imaging techniques exist that can probe different facets of the TME, they face several limitations, including limited spatial resolution, extended scan times and poor specificity from confounding signals. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging modality, currently in clinical trials, that has the potential to overcome these limitations. Here, we review the biological properties of the TME and potential of existing imaging methods that have been developed to analyse these properties non-invasively. We then introduce PAI and explore the preclinical and clinical evidence that support its use in probing multiple features of the TME simultaneously, including blood vessel architecture, blood oxygenation, acidity, extracellular matrix deposition, lipid concentration and immune cell infiltration. Finally, we highlight the future prospects and outstanding challenges in the application of PAI as a tool in cancer research and as part of a clinical oncologist's arsenal. Summary: This Review details the potential of photoacoustic imaging to visualise features of the tumour microenvironment such as blood vessels, hypoxia, fibrosis and immune infiltrate to provide unprecedented insight into tumour biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Joanna Brunker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK .,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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44
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Waterhouse DJ, Fitzpatrick CRM, Pogue BW, O'Connor JPB, Bohndiek SE. A roadmap for the clinical implementation of optical-imaging biomarkers. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:339-353. [PMID: 31036890 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical workflows for the non-invasive detection and characterization of disease states could benefit from optical-imaging biomarkers. In this Perspective, we discuss opportunities and challenges towards the clinical implementation of optical-imaging biomarkers for the early detection of cancer by analysing two case studies: the assessment of skin lesions in primary care, and the surveillance of patients with Barrett's oesophagus in specialist care. We stress the importance of technical and biological validations and clinical-utility assessments, and the need to address implementation bottlenecks. In addition, we define a translational roadmap for the widespread clinical implementation of optical-imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale J Waterhouse
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine R M Fitzpatrick
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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45
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Yoon J, Joseph J, Waterhouse DJ, Luthman AS, Gordon GSD, di Pietro M, Januszewicz W, Fitzgerald RC, Bohndiek SE. A clinically translatable hyperspectral endoscopy (HySE) system for imaging the gastrointestinal tract. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1902. [PMID: 31015458 PMCID: PMC6478902 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) enables visualisation of morphological and biochemical information, which could improve disease diagnostic accuracy. Unfortunately, the wide range of image distortions that arise during flexible endoscopy in the clinic have made integration of HSI challenging. To address this challenge, we demonstrate a hyperspectral endoscope (HySE) that simultaneously records intrinsically co-registered hyperspectral and standard-of-care white light images, which allows image distortions to be compensated computationally and an accurate hyperspectral data cube to be reconstructed as the endoscope moves in the lumen. Evaluation of HySE performance shows excellent spatial, spectral and temporal resolution and high colour fidelity. Application of HySE enables: quantification of blood oxygenation levels in tissue mimicking phantoms; differentiation of spectral profiles from normal and pathological ex vivo human tissues; and recording of hyperspectral data under freehand motion within an intact ex vivo pig oesophagus model. HySE therefore shows potential for enabling HSI in clinical endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghee Yoon
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - James Joseph
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Dale J Waterhouse
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - A Siri Luthman
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - George S D Gordon
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Massimiliano di Pietro
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Wladyslaw Januszewicz
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
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46
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Gataric M, Gordon GSD, Renna F, Ramos AGCP, Alcolea MP, Bohndiek SE. Reconstruction of Optical Vector-Fields With Applications in Endoscopic Imaging. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2019; 38:955-967. [PMID: 30334753 PMCID: PMC6456146 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2018.2875875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a framework for the reconstruction of the amplitude, phase, and polarization of an optical vector-field using measurements acquired by an imaging device characterized by an integral transform with an unknown spatially variant kernel. By incorporating effective regularization terms, this new approach is able to recover an optical vector-field with respect to an arbitrary representation system, which may be different from the one used for device calibration. In particular, it enables the recovery of an optical vector-field with respect to a Fourier basis, which is shown to yield indicative features of increased scattering associated with tissue abnormalities. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using synthetic holographic images and biological tissue samples in an experimental setting, where the measurements of an optical vector-field are acquired by a multicore fiber endoscope, and observe that indeed the recovered Fourier coefficients are useful in distinguishing healthy tissues from tumors in early stages of oesophageal cancer.
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47
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Waterhouse DJ, Luthman AS, Yoon J, Gordon GSD, Bohndiek SE. Quantitative evaluation of comb-structure correction methods for multispectral fibrescopic imaging. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17801. [PMID: 30542081 PMCID: PMC6290790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Removing the comb artifact introduced by imaging fibre bundles, or 'fibrescopes', for example in medical endoscopy, is essential to provide high quality images to the observer. Multispectral imaging (MSI) is an emerging method that combines morphological (spatial) and chemical (spectral) information in a single data 'cube'. When a fibrescope is coupled to a spectrally resolved detector array (SRDA) to perform MSI, comb removal is complicated by the demosaicking step required to reconstruct the multispectral data cube. To understand the potential for using SRDAs as multispectral imaging sensors in medical endoscopy, we assessed five comb correction methods with respect to five performance metrics relevant to biomedical imaging applications: processing time, resolution, smoothness, signal and the accuracy of spectral reconstruction. By assigning weights to each metric, which are determined by the particular imaging application, our results can be used to select the correction method to achieve best overall performance. In most cases, interpolation gave the best compromise between the different performance metrics when imaging using an SRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale J Waterhouse
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - A Siri Luthman
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Jonghee Yoon
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - George S D Gordon
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
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48
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Tomaszewski MR, Gehrung M, Joseph J, Quiros-Gonzalez I, Disselhorst JA, Bohndiek SE. Oxygen-Enhanced and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Optoacoustic Tomography Provide Surrogate Biomarkers of Tumor Vascular Function, Hypoxia, and Necrosis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5980-5991. [PMID: 30115696 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Measuring the functional status of tumor vasculature, including blood flow fluctuations and changes in oxygenation, is important in cancer staging and therapy monitoring. Current clinically approved imaging modalities suffer long procedure times and limited spatiotemporal resolution. Optoacoustic tomography (OT) is an emerging clinical imaging modality that may overcome these challenges. By acquiring data at multiple wavelengths, OT can interrogate hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation directly and resolve contributions from injected contrast agents. In this study, we tested whether two dynamic OT techniques, oxygen-enhanced (OE) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-OT, could provide surrogate biomarkers of tumor vascular function, hypoxia, and necrosis. We found that vascular maturity led to changes in vascular function that affected tumor perfusion, modulating the DCE-OT signal. Perfusion in turn regulated oxygen availability, driving the OE-OT signal. In particular, we demonstrate for the first time a strong per-tumor and spatial correlation between imaging biomarkers derived from these in vivo techniques and tumor hypoxia quantified ex vivo Our findings indicate that OT may offer a significant advantage for localized imaging of tumor response to vascular-targeted therapies when compared with existing clinical DCE methods.Significance: Imaging biomarkers derived from optoacoustic tomography can be used as surrogate measures of tumor perfusion and hypoxia, potentially yielding rapid, multiparametric, and noninvasive cancer staging and therapeutic response monitoring in the clinic.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/20/5980/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(20); 5980-91. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal R Tomaszewski
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Gehrung
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - James Joseph
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Quiros-Gonzalez
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A Disselhorst
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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49
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Luthman AS, Waterhouse DJ, Ansel-Bollepalli L, Yoon J, Gordon GSD, Joseph J, di Pietro M, Januszewicz W, Bohndiek SE. Bimodal reflectance and fluorescence multispectral endoscopy based on spectrally resolving detector arrays. J Biomed Opt 2018; 24:1-14. [PMID: 30358334 PMCID: PMC6975231 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.031009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging clinical interest in combining standard white light endoscopy with targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent contrast agents for improved early cancer detection has created demand for multimodal imaging endoscopes. We used two spectrally resolving detector arrays (SRDAs) to realize a bimodal endoscope capable of simultaneous reflectance-based imaging in the visible spectral region and multiplexed fluorescence-based imaging in the NIR. The visible SRDA was composed of 16 spectral bands, with peak wavelengths in the range of 463 to 648 nm and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) between 9 and 26 nm. The NIR SRDA was composed of 25 spectral bands, with peak wavelengths in the range 659 to 891 nm and FWHM 7 to 15 nm. The spectral endoscope design was based on a "babyscope" model using a commercially available imaging fiber bundle. We developed a spectral transmission model to select optical components and provide reference endmembers for linear spectral unmixing of the recorded image data. The technical characterization of the spectral endoscope is presented, including evaluation of the angular field-of-view, barrel distortion, spatial resolution and spectral fidelity, which showed encouraging performance. An agarose phantom containing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood with three fluorescent dyes was then imaged. After spectral unmixing, the different chemical components of the phantom could be successfully identified via majority decision with high signal-to-background ratio (>3). Imaging performance was further assessed in an ex vivo porcine esophagus model. Our preliminary imaging results demonstrate the capability to simultaneously resolve multiple biological components using a compact spectral endoscopy system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Siri Luthman
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dale J. Waterhouse
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Ansel-Bollepalli
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonghee Yoon
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George S. D. Gordon
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Joseph
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano di Pietro
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wladyslaw Januszewicz
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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50
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Baumann KN, Fux AC, Joseph J, Bohndiek SE, Hernández-Ainsa S. An active DNA-based nanoprobe for photoacoustic pH imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10176-10178. [PMID: 30137064 PMCID: PMC6127833 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report an active DNA construct capable of probing pH through a photoacoustic (PA) ratiometric analysis approach. Our nanoprobe enables different PA readout in tissue mimicking phantoms in the range between pH 6.8 to 7.8 at physiologically relevant sodium concentrations. Thus, it represents a promising platform to probe pH values relevant to the tumor microenvironment using PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin N. Baumann
- Cavendish Laboratory
, Department of Physics
, University of Cambridge
,
Cambridge
, UK
.
| | - Alexandra C. Fux
- Cavendish Laboratory
, Department of Physics
, University of Cambridge
,
Cambridge
, UK
.
| | - James Joseph
- Cavendish Laboratory
, Department of Physics
, University of Cambridge
,
Cambridge
, UK
.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute
, University of Cambridge
,
Cambridge
, UK
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Cavendish Laboratory
, Department of Physics
, University of Cambridge
,
Cambridge
, UK
.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute
, University of Cambridge
,
Cambridge
, UK
| | - Silvia Hernández-Ainsa
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA)
, University of Zaragoza
,
Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D
, 50018 Zaragoza
, Spain
.
- ARAID Foundation
, Government of Aragon
,
Zaragoza 50018
, Spain
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