1
|
Liu EJ, Aiuppa A, Alan A, Arellano S, Bitetto M, Bobrowski N, Carn S, Clarke R, Corrales E, de Moor JM, Diaz JA, Edmonds M, Fischer TP, Freer J, Fricke GM, Galle B, Gerdes G, Giudice G, Gutmann A, Hayer C, Itikarai I, Jones J, Mason E, McCormick Kilbride BT, Mulina K, Nowicki S, Rahilly K, Richardson T, Rüdiger J, Schipper CI, Watson IM, Wood K. Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/44/eabb9103. [PMID: 33127674 PMCID: PMC7608812 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb9103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volcanic emissions are a critical pathway in Earth's carbon cycle. Here, we show that aerial measurements of volcanic gases using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) transform our ability to measure and monitor plumes remotely and to constrain global volatile fluxes from volcanoes. Combining multi-scale measurements from ground-based remote sensing, long-range aerial sampling, and satellites, we present comprehensive gas fluxes-3760 ± [600, 310] tons day-1 CO2 and 5150 ± [730, 340] tons day-1 SO2-for a strong yet previously uncharacterized volcanic emitter: Manam, Papua New Guinea. The CO2/ST ratio of 1.07 ± 0.06 suggests a modest slab sediment contribution to the sub-arc mantle. We find that aerial strategies reduce uncertainties associated with ground-based remote sensing of SO2 flux and enable near-real-time measurements of plume chemistry and carbon isotope composition. Our data emphasize the need to account for time averaging of temporal variability in volcanic gas emissions in global flux estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Liu
- University College London, London WC1E6BS, UK.
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB23EQ, UK
| | - A Aiuppa
- Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - A Alan
- GasLAB, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - S Arellano
- Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - M Bitetto
- Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - N Bobrowski
- Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Carn
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - R Clarke
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - E Corrales
- GasLAB, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - J M de Moor
- Universidad Nacional, Heredia, 40101-3000 Costa Rica
| | - J A Diaz
- GasLAB, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - M Edmonds
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB23EQ, UK
| | - T P Fischer
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - J Freer
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
- University of Saskatchewan, Centre for Hydrology, Canmore, Alberta T1W 3G1, Canada
| | - G M Fricke
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - B Galle
- Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - G Gerdes
- Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - G Giudice
- INGV, Osservatorio Etneo, Sezione di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - A Gutmann
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - C Hayer
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - I Itikarai
- Rabaul Volcanological Observatory, Rabaul, Papua New Guinea
| | - J Jones
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - E Mason
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB23EQ, UK
| | | | - K Mulina
- Rabaul Volcanological Observatory, Rabaul, Papua New Guinea
| | - S Nowicki
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - K Rahilly
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - J Rüdiger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - C I Schipper
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - I M Watson
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - K Wood
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiménez C, Romero M, Baldi M, Piche M, Alfaro A, Chaves A, Morales J, León B, Hutter S, Corrales E. Arboviral Infections (Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Western Equine Encephalitis, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis and West Nile Encephalitis) in horses of Costa Rica. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
3
|
Corrales E, Esteban E, Jordan I, Palacin E, Muñoz-Almagro C, Caritg J, Palomeque A. O.59. Meningitis bacteriana en UCIP. Epidemiología y pronóstico en un hospital de referencia de Barcelona. An Pediatr (Barc) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1695-4033(07)70523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
4
|
Pociello N, Balaguer M, Corrales E, Jordán I, Caritg J, Palomeque A. O.32. Epidemiología y hallazgos clínicos de la sepsis neonatal tardía en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). An Pediatr (Barc) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1695-4033(07)70521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
5
|
Beaulieu JP, Bennett DP, Fouqué P, Williams A, Dominik M, Jørgensen UG, Kubas D, Cassan A, Coutures C, Greenhill J, Hill K, Menzies J, Sackett PD, Albrow M, Brillant S, Caldwell JAR, Calitz JJ, Cook KH, Corrales E, Desort M, Dieters S, Dominis D, Donatowicz J, Hoffman M, Kane S, Marquette JB, Martin R, Meintjes P, Pollard K, Sahu K, Vinter C, Wambsganss J, Woller K, Horne K, Steele I, Bramich DM, Burgdorf M, Snodgrass C, Bode M, Udalski A, Szymański MK, Kubiak M, Wieckowski T, Pietrzyński G, Soszyński I, Szewczyk O, Wyrzykowski L, Paczyński B, Abe F, Bond IA, Britton TR, Gilmore AC, Hearnshaw JB, Itow Y, Kamiya K, Kilmartin PM, Korpela AV, Masuda K, Matsubara Y, Motomura M, Muraki Y, Nakamura S, Okada C, Ohnishi K, Rattenbury NJ, Sako T, Sato S, Sasaki M, Sekiguchi T, Sullivan DJ, Tristram PJ, Yock PCM, Yoshioka T. Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing. Nature 2006; 439:437-40. [PMID: 16437108 DOI: 10.1038/nature04441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the favoured core-accretion model of formation of planetary systems, solid planetesimals accumulate to build up planetary cores, which then accrete nebular gas if they are sufficiently massive. Around M-dwarf stars (the most common stars in our Galaxy), this model favours the formation of Earth-mass (M(o)) to Neptune-mass planets with orbital radii of 1 to 10 astronomical units (au), which is consistent with the small number of gas giant planets known to orbit M-dwarf host stars. More than 170 extrasolar planets have been discovered with a wide range of masses and orbital periods, but planets of Neptune's mass or less have not hitherto been detected at separations of more than 0.15 au from normal stars. Here we report the discovery of a 5.5(+5.5)(-2.7) M(o) planetary companion at a separation of 2.6+1.5-0.6 au from a 0.22+0.21-0.11 M(o) M-dwarf star, where M(o) refers to a solar mass. (We propose to name it OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, indicating a planetary mass companion to the lens star of the microlensing event.) The mass is lower than that of GJ876d (ref. 5), although the error bars overlap. Our detection suggests that such cool, sub-Neptune-mass planets may be more common than gas giant planets, as predicted by the core accretion theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-P Beaulieu
- PLANET/RoboNet Collaboration, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UMR7095, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Corrales E, Llorens S, Izquierdo P, Jiménez B, Moreno F. [Subcutaneous route in palliative care. Efficient alternative in drug administration in advanced oncologic patients]. Rev Enferm 2003; 26:12-3. [PMID: 14664115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Corrales
- Servicio de Cuidados Paliativos de l'Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hallander HO, Paniagua M, Espinoza F, Askelöf P, Corrales E, Ringman M, Storsaeter J. Calibrated serological techniques demonstrate significant different serum response rates to an oral killed cholera vaccine between Swedish and Nicaraguan children. Vaccine 2002; 21:138-45. [PMID: 12443672 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Serum responses to oral cholera vaccines were assessed in three paediatric vaccine trials, two in León, Nicaragua and one in Stockholm, Sweden. A calibrated anti-cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) IgA ELISA was used together with an assay for vibriocidal antibodies. Swedish children had lower pre-vaccination levels of antibody, but serum responses were more pronounced in Swedish children than in Nicaraguan children. Post-vaccination levels of anti-toxin antibody were generally above those found after natural infections with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, that cross-reacts serologically with Vibrio cholerae. Adverse events seen after vaccination were generally mild and of little clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H O Hallander
- Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Biotransformation of caryophyllene oxide (1) with B. cinerea afforded 15 products (2-16). Ten of these (3-5, 7, 9-11, and 14-16) are reported here for the first time. The main reaction paths involved stereoselective epoxidation at C-8/C-13 and hydroxylation at C-7. A rearranged compound was found, which was a cyclization product 16 possessing the caryolane skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Duran
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cadiz, Apdo. 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Linder E, Isaguliants M, Olsson M, Lundin L, Zindrou S, Corrales E, Tellez A, Leiva B, Morales W, Rivera T, Cabrera JM. Amebiasis in León, Nicaragua: Entamoebae in stool examination and identification of amebic liver abscess cases by serology and PCR. Arch Med Res 1997; 28 Spec No:314-6. [PMID: 9033115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Linder
- Parasitology Laboratory, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Case DC, Hansen JA, Corrales E, Young CW, Dupont B, Pinsky CM, Good RA. Depressed in vitro lymphocyte responses to PHA in patients with Hodgkin disease in continuous long remissions. Blood 1977; 49:771-8. [PMID: 322770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty consecutive patients with Hodgkin disease in continuous complete remission and off treatment for at least 5 yr (range 5-25 yr, median 9 yr) were studied with a battery of immunologic parameters. Skin test reactivity to four common antigens, sensitization to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, absolute lymphocyte count, relative percentage of T cells (as measured by spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes) and B cells (as measured by immunofluorescence with polyvalent antiserum), and absolute number of T and B cells were normal when compared with controls. However, the mean value of lymphocyte response in vitro to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin for the study population was significantly decreased (p less than 0.001) when compared with the controls. This abnormality in response to mitogen could not be correlated with age, sex, stage, symptoms, histologic subclassification, or previous treatment. The data suggest the existence of a persisting cell-mediated immune defect in the circulating lymphocytes in patients with long-standing Hodgkin disease that might otherwise be considered "cured."
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Multiple in vivo and in vitro immune parameters were used to examine 52 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease in all stages. A significant number (p less than 0.01) of patients in all stages demonstrated abnormalities in DNCB sensitization, peripheral blood lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutination, absolute lymphocyte count, absolute number of T cells (as measured by spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes), and absolute number of B cells (as measured by immunofluorescence with polyvalent antiserum). The number of T and B cells fell progressively with each stage, but the proportion of T to B cells remained constant. Cutaneous anergy was found in STAGES III and IV. Depressed circulating immunoglobulins were found in a few patients in all stages. Neither the total lymphocyte number nor the number of T and B cells correlated with the measures of lymphocyte function (skin test reactivity, DNCB sensitization, mitogen response, or immunoglobulin levels). This study suggests that selective abnormalities in the immune system exist even in early Hodgkin's disease, involving the absolute number of circulating T and B lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte function. The study fails, however, to define a consistent pattern of immune defects as characteristic of Hodgkin's Disease.
Collapse
|