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Perna S, Bahar K, Alalwan TA, Zahid MN, Gasparri C, Peroni G, Faragli A, La Porta E, Ali Redha A, Janahi EM, Ibrahim S, Rondanelli M. COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preventive Measures of University Students in Bahrain. Ann Ig 2022; 34:398-409. [PMID: 35700030 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2022.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe, acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 that was first reported in China in December 2019 quickly became a global pandemic that has resulted in over 100 million infections and more than 2 million deaths. STUDY DESIGN This study aimed to assess the awareness level of university students regarding the possibility of becoming infected with COVID-19. In order to achieve this objective, we assessed the students' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors using an online survey questionnaire offered to a total of 300 students. RESULTS A positive response regarding awareness of COVID-19 symptoms was registered by more than 70% of the students, whereas 62% felt that wearing a mask did not give full protection against infection, approximately 30% agreed that antibiotics and antivirals did not treat COVID-19, and 62% agreed that vitamin C was helpful in treating common symptoms of COVID-19. Moreover, around 31% of the students believed that COVID-19 is a man-made virus. Students who had gotten infected with SARS-CoV-2 believed that wearing a mask gives full protection (p=0.018). In response to survey questions related to attitude, 80% of students cancelled and postponed meetings with friends, and 90% agreed that mask-wearing is the most precautionary measure used to prevent the infection. In addition, 82% avoided coughing in public, 82% avoided contact if they felt flu-like symptoms and 80% washed their hands far more often due to the pandemic. Interestingly, 76% carried hand sanitizer, 66.5% avoided shaking hands, and 42.7% were taking vitamin C supplements. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the participants had a positive awareness of COVID-19 transmission, symptoms, and treatments misconceptions and mistaken beliefs related to treatments and the origin of the virus were also common and should be addressed. This study thus provides a baseline for a population-based surveillance program that could help local authorities to improve pandemic preparation plans, particularly with regard to governmental education and media campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - K Bahar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - T A Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - M N Zahid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - C Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Faragli
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - E La Porta
- Department of Cardionephrology, Istituto Clinico Ligure Di Alta Specialità (ICLAS), GVM Care and Research, Rapallo, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine (DiMi), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - A Ali Redha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - E M Janahi
- Independent Virologist, Al Janabiyah, Northern Governorate, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - S Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA 12 IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Perna S, Abdulsattar S, Alalwan TA, Zahid MN, Gasparri C, Peroni G, Faragli A, La Porta E, Ali Redha A, Janahi EM, Rondanelli M. A cross-sectional analysis of post-acute COVID-19 symptoms. Ann Ig 2022; 34:478-489. [PMID: 35861720 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2022.2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in China in December 2019 and has generated a worldwide pandemic. The objective of the research is to examine and describe (a) the symptoms that persist after the end of the acute stage and (b) their relationship with the severity of the disease. STUDY DESIGN This study is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Kingdom of Bahrain on COVID-19 infected patients using an online survey questionnaire with a total number of 52 patient responses (29 females and 23 males). METHOD A scale (0 no symptoms to 10 very high symptoms intensity) was assessed in patients after 3 months to detect the relevance of specific symptoms post-COVID-19 such as emotional and physical health, headache, dyspnoea, pain (muscles/joints/chest), anosmia, vertigo, neurologic symptoms, sarcopenia, delirium. RESULTS The most common COVID-19 symptoms were reported to be fever (69.2%), headache (59.6%), and cough (50.0%). Data analysis showed that BMI was not correlated with any post-acute COVID-19 symptoms. Regarding the post-acute COVID-19 symptoms, this study showed that an increase of intensity of headache was associated with an increase of delirium; an increase of intensity of dyspnoea was associated with an increase of pulmonary dysfunction. The increase of anosmia and dysgeusia was associated with an increase in delirium. In addition, the increase of neurological symptoms and delirium were associated with the increase of sarcopenia. The most common persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms observed in this study were emotional stress, followed by loss of smell and taste, and neurological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, follow-up and rehabilitation care for COVID-19 patients must be focused on addressing the needs of these people in the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - S Abdulsattar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - T A Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - M N Zahid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - C Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Faragli
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - E La Porta
- Department of Cardionephrology, Istituto Clinico Ligure Di Alta Specialità (ICLAS), GVM Care and Research, Rapallo, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine (DiMi), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - A Ali Redha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - E M Janahi
- Independent Virologist, Al Janabiyah, Northern Governorate, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - M Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Parodi EL, La Porta E, Russo R, Marsano L, Bellino D, Paoletti E, Massarino F, Sofia A, Garibotto G, Esposito P, Murugavel A, Cappadona F, Fontana I, Viazzi F, Picciotto D. Ten-Year Efficacy and Safety of Once-Daily Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplant: A Prospective Cohort Study. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:3112-3117. [PMID: 32680595 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.02.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tacrolimus is a cornerstone in the immunosuppressive therapy of kidney transplantation. The once-daily formulation of tacrolimus has been shown to improve adherence of patients without affecting short-term efficacy. However, long-term proof of once-daily tacrolimus efficacy and safety is still lacking. From January 2009 to November 2013, 170 clinically stable kidney transplant patients were offered to change from the ongoing twice-daily tacrolimus (TDT) formulation to a once-daily tacrolimus (ODT) regimen. Kidney transplant recipients agreeing to the change to be treated with an ODT regimen (n = 105, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 57.1 ± 1.6 mL/min/1.73 m2) and patients continuing on a TDT formulation (n = 65, eGFR 52.0 ± 2.2 mL/min/1.73 m2) were prospectively followed (median follow-up time 10.4 and 12.6 years in the ODT and TDT groups, respectively, P = not significant). At the end of the follow-up, patients in both groups experienced similar eGFR (50.4 ± 2.2 vs 48.0 ± 2.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the ODT and TDT groups, respectively, P = not significant). No differences were observed in biopsy-proven acute rejection, overall graft survival, doubling of serum creatinine, and new onset of proteinuria. The 2 groups also had a comparable rate of death, sepsis, and neoplasia. In conclusion, ODT appears safe and effective in stable kidney graft recipients even 10 years after transplantation. These findings support the use of ODT as a primary tacrolimus formulation in patients with kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Parodi
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; University of Genoa, DiMI, Genova GE, Italy
| | - E La Porta
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; University of Genoa, DiMI, Genova GE, Italy
| | - R Russo
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - L Marsano
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - D Bellino
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - E Paoletti
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; University of Genoa, DiMI, Genova GE, Italy
| | - F Massarino
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; University of Genoa, DiMI, Genova GE, Italy
| | - A Sofia
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - G Garibotto
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; University of Genoa, DiMI, Genova GE, Italy.
| | - P Esposito
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; University of Genoa, DiMI, Genova GE, Italy
| | - A Murugavel
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; University of Genoa, DiMI, Genova GE, Italy
| | - F Cappadona
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; University of Genoa, DiMI, Genova GE, Italy
| | - I Fontana
- UOS Chirurgia del Trapianto di Rene, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - F Viazzi
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; University of Genoa, DiMI, Genova GE, Italy
| | - D Picciotto
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; University of Genoa, DiMI, Genova GE, Italy
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Esposito P, Furini F, Gregorini M, Pattonieri EF, Corradetti V, La Porta E, Caramella E, Calatroni M, Petrucci L, Klersy C, Rampino T. Global Performance Status Score: A New Tool to Assess Physical Performance in Kidney Transplant Patients. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:1270-1275. [PMID: 28735992 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on physical performance in renal transplantation is limited because of the shortage of specifically designed evaluation instruments. Therefore, we elaborated and validated the Global Performance Status (GloPerSta) score to provide a new and comprehensive tool, exploring the different components of physical performance in kidney transplant patients. METHODS We elaborated the GloPerSta score on the basis of the data obtained from a cross-sectional study, in which we evaluated the physical performance of a cohort of kidney transplant patients. The results of these analyses were weighted to describe the different contribution of any single test, via the generation of a structural equation model, resulting in the definition of the GloPerSta. Then, to internally validate this score, we studied its correlation with clinical parameters and quality of life (evaluated as KDQOL-SF, Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form) in the same patient population. RESULTS We enrolled 132 patients in whom the functional tests revealed a great heterogeneity. GloPerSta allowed the stratification of the patients in 3 different physical performance categories (low: score 0-11; medium: 12-22; high: 23-33). Internal validation showed that GloPerSta was directly and significantly correlated with the quality of life and allograft function, independent of the time from transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The GloPerSta is a reliable tool to assess physical performance in a kidney transplant population. Its application might be of help in identifying patients needing intensive and personalized rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Esposito
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - F Furini
- Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Gregorini
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - E F Pattonieri
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - V Corradetti
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - E La Porta
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - E Caramella
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Calatroni
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - C Klersy
- Service of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - T Rampino
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Raimann JG, Gotch F, Keen M, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Pierratos A, Lindsay R, Severova-Andreevska G, Trajceska L, Gelev S, Selim G, Sikole A, Yoon SY, Hwang SD, Cho DK, Cho YH, Moon SJ, Ribitsch W, Schreiner PJ, Uhlmann M, Schilcher G, Stadlbauer V, Horina JH, Rosenkranz AR, Schneditz D, Kiss I, Kerkovits L, Ambrus C, Kulcsar I, Szegedi J, Benke A, Borbas B, Ferenczi S, Hengsperger M, Kazup S, Nagy L, Nemeth J, Rozinka A, Szabo T, Szelestei T, Toth E, Varga G, Wagner G, Zakar G, Gergely L, Tisler A, Kiss Z, Sasaki S, Miyamato M, Nomura A, Koitabashi K, Nishiwaki H, Suzuki T, Uchida D, Kawarazaki H, Shibagaki Y, Kimura K, Libetta C, Martinelli C, Margiotta E, Borettaz I, Canevari M, Esposito P, Sepe V, Dal Canton A, Pateinakis P, Dimitriadis C, Papagianni A, Douma S, Efstratiadis G, Memmos D, Nelson CL, Dunstan PJ, Zwiech R, Hasuike Y, Yanase K, Hamahata S, Nagai T, Yahiro M, Kaibe S, Kida A, Nagasawa Y, Kuragano T, Nakanishi T, Kim JS, Yang JW, Choi SO, Han BG, Chang JH, Kim AJ, Kim HS, Ro H, Jung JY, Lee HH, Chung W, Tanaka H, Kita T, Okamoto K, Mikami M, Sakai R, Libetta C, Canevari M, Martinelli C, Borettaz I, Margiotta E, Lojacono E, Votta B, Rampino T, Gregorini M, Amore A, Coppo R, Dal Canton A, ElSharkawy MMS, Kamel M, Elhamamsy M, Allam S, Ryu JH, Lee S, Hong SC, Kim SJ, Kang DH, Ryu DR, Choi KB, Kiraz T, Yalcin A, Akay M, Sahin G, Musmul A, Chang JH, Ro H, Jung JY, Lee HH, Chung W, Kamijo Y, Horiuchi H, Iida H, Saito K, Furutera R, Ishibashi Y, Sidiropoulou M, Patsialas S, Angelopoulos M, Torreggiani M, Serpieri N, Arazzi M, Esposito V, Calatroni M, La Porta E, Catucci D, Montagna G, Semeraro L, Efficace E, Piazza V, Picardi L, Villa G, Esposito C, Kim JC, Hwang E, Park K, Karakizlis H, Bohl K, Kortus-Goetze B, Dodel R, Hoyer J, Cinar A, Kazancioglu R, Isik AT, Aydemir E, Gorcin B, Radic J, Ljutic D, Radic M, Kovacic V, Sain M, Dodig Curkovic K, Grzegorzewska AE, Niepolski L, Sikora J, Jagodzinski P, Sowinska A, Sirolli V, Rossi C, Di Castelnuovo A, Felaco P, Amoroso L, Zucchelli M, Ciavardelli D, Sacchetta P, Urbani A, Arduini A, Bonomini M, Inoue T, Okano K, Tsuruta Y, Tsuruta Y, Tsuchiya K, Akiba T, Nitta K, Grzegorzewska AE, Pajzderski D, Sowinska A, Jagodzinski P. Pathophysiology and clinical studies in CKD 5D. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Furlanetto S, Orlandini S, Porta EL, Coran S, Pinzauti S. Optimization and validation of a CZE method for rufloxacin hydrochloride determination in coated tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 28:1161-71. [PMID: 12049980 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid capillary electrophoresis method with UV detection was developed and validated for the determination of rufloxacin hydrochloride in coated tablets. An experimental design strategy (Doehlert design and desirability function) allowed the analytical parameters to be simultaneously optimized in order to determine rufloxacin hydrochloride with high peak area/migration time ratio, good efficiency and short analysis time. Optimized analyses were run using boric acid 0.10 M adjusted to pH 8.8 as BGE and setting voltage and temperature at 18 kV and 27 degrees C, respectively. Pefloxacin mesylate was used as internal standard and run time was about three minutes. The method was validated for the drug substance and the drug product according to the ICH3 guidelines. Robustness was tested by experimental design using an eight-run Plackett-Burman matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Furlanetto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. Capponi 9, Florence, Italy.
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Furlanetto S, Orlandini S, Massolini G, Faucci MT, La Porta E, Pinzauti S. Optimisation and validation of a capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of diazepam and otilonium bromide. Analyst 2001; 126:1700-6. [PMID: 11693609 DOI: 10.1039/b103091b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simultaneous assay of diazepam and otilonium bromide in coated tablets by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was developed. The influence of various parameters (voltage, temperature, buffer concentration and pH, ethanol percentage) on analysis time and on the theoretical plates of the two peaks was investigated by means of experimental design. A response surface study was carried out by means of a 27-run D-optimal matrix. The best background electrolyte was found to be 0.13 M, pH 2.9 Britton-Robinson buffer, containing 10% v/v ethanol. Other optimised parameters were voltage (30 kV) and temperature (30 degrees C). The UV detector for quantitation of otilonium bromide and diazepam was set at 280 nm and 230 nm, respectively. Procaine hydrochloride was used as internal standard and run time was less than five minutes. Validation was performed, for drug substance and drug product, according to ICH3 guidelines. For drug product the recovery for otilonium bromide and diazepam ranged from 98.3% to 101.2% and from 97.1% to 99.0%, respectively; the RSD values found for otilonium bromide and diazepam ranged from 2.4% to 3.0% and from 1.1% to 4.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Furlanetto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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Furlanetto S, Tognini C, Carpenedo R, La Porta E, Pinzauti S. Set-up and validation of an adsorptive stripping voltammetric method for kynurenic acid determination in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1998; 18:67-73. [PMID: 9863944 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Validation of an adsorptive stripping voltammetric method for kynurenic acid determination in urine, was presented. The selection of appropriate validation parameters, the design consideration for evaluation and the problem of endogenous metabolites were discussed. The considered fundamental criteria for assessing the reliability and overall performance of the method in the urine matrix were selectivity, linearity and range, limit of quantitation, accuracy, precision and analyte stability. The intermediate precision was also evaluated by means of a full factorial design. An HPLC method with fluorimetric detection was used as a reference method to assess the accuracy. The analysis in urine required a pH control as pointed out by robustness testing and the found kynurenic acid concentration in daily urine ranged from 5 to 40 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Furlanetto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.
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Furlanetto S, Pinzauti S, La Porta E, Chiarugi A, Mura P, Orlandini S. Development and validation of a differential pulse polarographic method for quinolinic acid determination in human plasma and urine after solid-phase extraction: a chemometric approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1998; 17:1015-28. [PMID: 9884191 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A chemometric approach was applied for determining quinolinic acid in human plasma by differential pulse polarography after solid phase extraction. A fractional factorial design was used to examine the significant experimental variables for the peak height maximization. A Doehlert design, which allowed a sequential response surface methodology to be performed, was applied to the variables scan rate and drop size. The results indicated that the scan rate had the greatest effect on the response peak height. The linear range was extended from 8.52 x 10(-8) to 1.34 x 10(-5) M and the limit of detection was 2.9 x 10(-8) M. The validation process consisted of a pre-validation study followed by the main validation in the plasma matrix. The robustness and the intermediate precision were evaluated by means of experimental design. A 3(4)//9 screening symmetric matrix and a central composite design were used to optimize the solid phase extraction procedure of the analyte from human plasma using anion exchange cartridges. The goal was to select the best retention, wash and elution solvents and their volumes in order to maximize the extraction efficiency using as the response the polarographic peak height. An extraction efficiency of 90% was found. The method was also applied to the determination of quinolinic acid in urine and the mean concentration in human plasma and urine, was found to be 3.7 x 10(-7) and 4.9 x 10(-5) M respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Furlanetto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.
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Furlanetto S, Pinzauti S, Gratteri P, La Porta E, Calzeroni G. Experimental design strategies in the optimization and robustness testing of adsorptive stripping voltammetric conditions for kynurenic acid determination. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1997; 15:1585-94. [PMID: 9226593 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(96)02029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Experimental design was used for the optimization and robustness testing of an adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure for kynurenic acid determination. The optimization of the peak height response proceeded through a screening phase (D-optimal design strategy) followed by a response surface study (Doehlert design) applied to the variables pH, pulse amplitude and stirring rate. An interaction between pH and stirring rate was pointed out. The optimized method was validated and the variation of factors that was expected to occur in practice was simulated in a robustness test. A composite fractional matrix for the evaluation of method robustness was used and pH emerged as the only critical factor. The linear range found applying the optimized conditions was 2.5 x 10(-9) to 2.5 x 10(-7) M and the calculated limit of detection was 1.72 x 10(-9) M.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Furlanetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gratteri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Italy
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Gratteri P, Pinzauti S, La Porta E, Papeschi G, Cavrini V, Santoni G. Differential-pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry of chlorhexidine. Analyst 1991. [DOI: 10.1039/an9911600723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Gratteri P, Pinzauti S, La Porta E, Mura P, Papeschi G, Santoni G. Determination of flubendazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms by differential pulse polarography and UV spectroscopy. Farmaco 1990; 45:707-14. [PMID: 2400521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A precise and accurate differential pulse polarographic method was developed for the determination of flubendazole in dosage forms without any prior extraction procedure of interference from the other stated ingredients. A UV spectroscopic procedure was also described and used as reference method. Analyses were generally performed at the 4 micrograms ml-1 flubendazole level. Flubendazole or its dosage forms were dissolved in 70% perchloric acid and diluted with a pH 2.6 sodium phosphate-citric acid buffer as polarographic supporting electrolyte or spectrophotometric solvent. The peak potential occurred at about -0.9 V (vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode), depending on the pH of the assayed solution. The irreversible electrochemical reduction involved the transfer of two electrons. The UV absorption spectrum showed a sharp maximum at 237 nm with a specific extinction coefficient of 886. No advantage was found in the use of first and second-order derivative spectrophotometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gratteri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Italy
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14
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Pinzauti S, Bambagiotti-Alberti M, Moneti G, La Porta E, Coran SA, Vincieri FF, Gratteri P. Determination of benzalkonium chloride in contact lens solutions by positive-ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1989; 7:1611-6. [PMID: 2490550 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(89)80172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Under positive-ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometric conditions, benzalkonium chloride (BAK) afforded intense peaks at m/z 304 and 332, corresponding to the intact cations [M--Cl]+ of C12 and C14 homologues, respectively. The use of benzethonium chloride as an internal standard and thioglycerol as a FAB matrix allowed the direct and specific determination of the BAK content (0.004-0.020%) in commercial hard contact lens solutions through the individual assay of the two alkyl homologues. A linear relationship between the homologue concentration and the peak-area ratio was observed over the concentration range 3-180 micrograms ml-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pinzauti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Italy
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Pinzauti S, La Porta E, Vincieri F, Gratteri P, Papeschi G, Bambagiotti-Alberti M. Differential pulse polarographic determination of total benzophenantridinium alkaloids in Sanguinaria extract-based oral rinses. Int J Pharm 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(88)90086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pinzauti S, Papeschi G, La Porta E, Mura P, Gratteri P. Differential electrolytic potentiometry (DEP) with twin silver—silver sulphide membrane electrodes in micro titration of quaternary ammonium compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1988; 6:957-61. [PMID: 16867368 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(88)80116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/1987] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Pinzauti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via G. Capponi 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Pinzauti S, Papeschi G, La Porta E. pH determination of APF gels by an iridium electrode. Caries Res 1986; 20:429-32. [PMID: 3463423 DOI: 10.1159/000260969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Pinzauti S, La Porta E, Papeschi G. Chlorhexidine loss from simulated contact lens solutions stored in glass and plastic packages. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1984; 2:101-5. [PMID: 16867770 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(84)80094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/1983] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Pinzauti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pinzauti
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica, Università di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
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Pinzauti S, Papeschi G, La Porta E. Potentiometric titration of thiols, cationic surfactants and halides using a solid-state silver—silver sulphide electrode. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1983; 1:47-53. [PMID: 16867833 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(83)80007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/1982] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A rugged, low resistance silver-silver sulphide solid-state electrode for determining pharmaceuticals as authentic samples or in dosage forms by potentiometric titration is described. Sodium tetraphenylborate, mercury(II) acetate and silver nitrate (0.01) M were employed as titrants in the analysis of cationic surfactants (cetylpyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine salts), antithyroid drugs (methimazole and propylthiouracil) or sodium halides respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pinzauti
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica, Universitá di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
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Pinzauti S, La Porta E, Casini M. Potentiometric microdetermination of benzalkonium content of the hard contact lens solutions marketed in Italy. Boll Chim Farm 1981; 120:43-8. [PMID: 7236371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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22
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Pinzauti S, La Porta E, Bramanti G, Mazzi G, Mura P. Storage study on acidic aqueous hexetidine solutions in polyolefinic and glass containers. Boll Chim Farm 1980; 119:559-63. [PMID: 7459062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Bramanti G, Mazzi G, Mura P, Pinzauti S, La Porta E, Papini P. [In vitro studies on the rates of intestinal absorption of sparsely soluble drugs of different particle size]. Boll Chim Farm 1980; 119:267-74. [PMID: 7459048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Pinzauti S, La Porta E. Assay of a cetylpyridinium-dequalinium chlorides combination in compressed lozenges: uptake of quaternary ammonium salts by magnesium stearate. J Pharm Belg 1979; 34:279-84. [PMID: 512830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pinzauti S, La Porta E, De Sio F. Gravimetric quantitation of alexidine dihydrochloride and its dosage forms. J Pharm Belg 1979; 34:101-3. [PMID: 512819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pinzauti S, La Porta E. Potentiometric analysis with a silver electrode in stability control of quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant solutions during storage in plastic and glass containers. J Pharm Pharmacol 1979; 31:123-4. [PMID: 33249 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1979.tb13451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pinzauti S, Piaz VD, Porta EL, Pisaturo G. [Identification and determination of a two quaternary ammonium compounds mixture (cetylpyridinium and dequalinium) in a mouthwash (author's transl)]. J Pharm Belg 1976; 31:485-90. [PMID: 993970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
A precise and accurate gravimetric procedure was developed for the determination of chlorhexidine diacetate, digluconate, or dihydrochloride. Sodium tetraphenylborate solution was the precipitant in an acidic medium (pH 1). Tablets containing both chlorhexidine diacetate and benzocaine also were assayed.
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Pinzauti S, Dal Piaz V, La Porta E. [Methods for the determination of sparteine using tetraphenylborate]. Farmaco Prat 1974; 29:655-64. [PMID: 4435205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pinzauti S, Dal Piaz V, La Porta E. Chloramine-T as titrimetric reagent in potentiometric determination of isoniazid, phenelzine, and dihydralazine. J Pharm Sci 1974; 63:1446-8. [PMID: 4427269 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600630924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pinzauti S, Dal Piaz V, La Porta E. [Cerimetry used in potentiometric determination of hydrazide and hydrazine drugs]. Farmaco Prat 1974; 29:136-42. [PMID: 4827174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Pinzauti S, Dal Piaz V, La Porta E. [Potentiometric determination of various thyrostatic drugs in tablets]. Farmaco Prat 1973; 28:396-402. [PMID: 4125108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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