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Shaw C, Starling N, Reich A, Wilkes E, White R, Shepelev J, Narduzzi S. 1839P Modification of systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) and weight loss: A population study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Wilkes E, Huckaba P, Hodson G. Harmonizing expression of measurement results in wine analysis: Best practices when testing and reporting sugar in wine. BIO Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20191203021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This technical brief addresses using appropriate methodology and uniform terminology to ensure consistency in measurement and interpretation of wine components described as sugars, when required in wine trade. Different analytical approaches when testing for sugar in wine, variation in reporting units, and non-uniform interpretation of sugar terminology are known to create unnecessary barriers in wine trade. This brief proposes a unified system of reporting sugar in wine that is grounded in scientific and practical knowledge to reduce potential trade barriers. The following are suggested best practices when testing and reporting sugar in wine: clarify the meaning of the abbreviation “RS” when used, since it could stand for residual sugars, reducing sugars, or reducing substances, which have different meanings (1), define residual sugar as the sum of glucose, fructose and sucrose expressed as g/L of wine (2), use methods that are specific for wine sugars, rather than non-specific methods that test for reducing substances, to avoid erroneously high results (3), avoid reporting sugar alcohols, such as glycerol, as a sugar (4), avoid testing for sugars not expected in wine, such as maltose and lactose (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wilkes
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX
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Cross TJS, Villanueva A, Shetty S, Wilkes E, Collins P, Adair A, Jones RL, Foxton MR, Meyer T, Stern N, Warshow U, Khan N, Prince M, Khakoo S, Alexander GJ, Khan S, Reeves H, Marshall A, Williams R. A national survey of the provision of ultrasound surveillance for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Frontline Gastroenterol 2016; 7:82-89. [PMID: 28840911 PMCID: PMC5369506 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2015-100617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the sixth most common cancer worldwide and third most common cause of cancer related death, is closely associated with the presence of cirrhosis. Survival is determined by the stage of the cancer, with asymptomatic small tumours being more amenable to treatment. Early diagnosis is dependent on regular surveillance and the primary objective of this survey was to gain a better understanding of the baseline attitudes towards and provision of ultrasound surveillance (USS) HCC surveillance in the UK. In addition, information was obtained on the stages of cancer of the patients being referred to and discussed at regional multidisciplinary team meetings. DESIGN UK hepatologists, gastroenterologists and nurse specialists were sent a questionnaire survey regarding the provision of USS for detection of HCC in their respective hospitals. RESULTS Provision of surveillance was poor overall, with many hospitals lacking the necessary mechanisms to make abnormal results, if detected, known to referring clinicians. There was also a lack of standard data collection and in many hospitals basic information on the number of patients with cirrhosis and how many were developing HCC was not known. For the majority of new HCC cases was currently being made only at an incurable late stage (60%). CONCLUSIONS In the UK, the current provision of USS based HCC surveillance is poor and needs to be upgraded urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J S Cross
- Department of Hepatology, The Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Villanueva
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Shetty
- The Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital II Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - E Wilkes
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - P Collins
- Department of Hepatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - A Adair
- Scottish Liver Transplant Unit, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R L Jones
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - M R Foxton
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - T Meyer
- Department of Oncology, The Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - N Stern
- Department of Hepato-Biliary Medicine, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - U Warshow
- The Southwest Liver Unit, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - N Khan
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Prince
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Manchester, UK
| | - S Khakoo
- Department of Academic and Translational Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G J Alexander
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplant Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Khan
- The Liver Unit, St Mary Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Reeves
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-on-Tyne, UK
| | - Aileen Marshall
- The Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, The Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Williams
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
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Lenihan C, Bouchekioua-Bouzaghou K, Shia A, Wilkes E, Casado-Izquierdo1 P, Cutillas P, Schmid P. Abstract P3-06-02: Characterization of resistance to the selective CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in ER positive breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p3-06-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Dysregulation of the cyclin D-CDK4/6-Rb axis occurs in a substantial proportion of ER-positive (ER+) breast cancers and has been linked with endocrine resistance. Adding the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib to endocrine treatment has led to a substantial improvement of the outcome of patients with ER+ metastatic breast cancer. However, with the increasing clinical use, acquired resistance to palbociclib is merging as a new major clinical challenge.
Methods: The ER+ cell lines T47D and MCF7 have been shown to be highly sensitive to treatment with palbociclib. Using long-term co-culture with increasing doses of Palbociclib, we generated MCF7 and T47D cell line clones with acquired resistance to Palbociclib. Three distinct resistant clones were selected for each cell line showing an IC50 shift from sensitive to resistant of approximately 300nM to 3uM for MCF7 and 400nM to 3.5uM for T47D, respectively. Resistant cell lines were characterized using RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics. Effects on selected target proteins (eg pAKT, pS6, pRB, RB or Cyclin D1) were confirmed using Western Blots. To modify resistance to palbociclib, a targeted in vitro drug-screen was performed using a range of inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MEK pathways.
Results: Western blot analysis of resistant cell lines demonstrated sustained down-regulation of Rb and phospho-Rb in response to palbociclib, which was reversible after discontinuation of palbociclib. Mass spectrometry identified >6,000 peptides across parental and resistant cells corresponding to 4,757 phospho-peptides and 5,337 phosphorylation sites. Pathway analysis suggested increased activity in the P3IK/AKT/mTOR pathway in resistant clones (including Akt1, p90S6K and mTOR), as well as changes in p53 and apoptotic regulation (e.g. phosphorylation of BAD). In addition, resistant clones showed multiple phosphorylation changes in the Rho/Rac pathway, suggesting changes in cytoskeletal organisation and a more invasive phenotype. Targeted drug screening showed a variable pattern across resistant clones with increased sensitivity to co-treatment of palbociclib with AKT inhibitors, PI3K alpha/delta inhibitors and/or MEK inhibitors in selected resistant clones, whereas pan-PI3K or PI3K beta/delta inhibitors showed limited efficacy in the selected clones.
Conclusions: Phosphoproteomic analysis of palbociclib-resistant ER+ breast cancer cell lines demonstrated up-regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and anti-apoptotic pathways. Resistant cell lines were sensitive to inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and/or MEK pathways with distinct patterns of activity across resistant clones suggesting that co-treatment of CDK4/6 inhibitors and PI3K/AKT and/or MEK inhibitors warrants further investigation as potential new therapeutic strategies in palbociclib resistance.
Citation Format: Lenihan C, Bouchekioua-Bouzaghou K, Shia A, Wilkes E, Casado-Izquierdo1 P, Cutillas P, Schmid P. Characterization of resistance to the selective CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in ER positive breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lenihan
- Barts Cancer Insitute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Shia
- Barts Cancer Insitute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Wilkes
- Barts Cancer Insitute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Casado-Izquierdo1
- Barts Cancer Insitute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Cutillas
- Barts Cancer Insitute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Schmid
- Barts Cancer Insitute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Eiting E, Lopez S, Harrison D, Eng J, Wilkes E. 27 Reduction in Jail Emergency Department Visits and Closure After Implementation of a New Jail Urgent Care Staffing Model. Ann Emerg Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kessell AE, Wilkes E, Raidal S, Browne EA, Hughes K. Diagnostic challenge: mare with clinical history of chronic respiratory disease. Severe interstitial pneumonia. Aust Vet J 2014; 92:46-8. [PMID: 24471883 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A E Kessell
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, Australia.
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Abstract
This study was designed to determine the compliance of restaurants to the wheelchair accessibility standards set forth in the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards. The standards that were operationalized in this study are also found in Title III of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990. The data were collected at 120 sites in three midwestern states. For one who uses a wheelchair, parking the car is often an obstacle to eating out. Only 53% of the restaurants surveyed provide handicapped parking. Entering the building may also be a problem. Of the restaurants that required a ramp, only 66% provided them. Inside the restaurant, the key problems were accessible rest-rooms and the height of tables. The study provided comparisons between restaurants in rural and urban settings, as well as comparisons between conventional restaurants and fast food restaurants. No notable differences emerged for these comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- L McClain
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7602
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wilkes
- Palliative and Continuing Care Centre Little Common Lane, Abbey Lane, Sheffield S11 9NE
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Mittl RN, Tiwari R, Wilkes E. Blue field entoptoscopy in diabetic retinopathy. Indian J Ophthalmol 1990; 38:10-3. [PMID: 2365429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue field entoptoscopy was performed in 50 consecutive patients with diabetic retinopathy. Several statistically significant correlations were obtained. The number of "flying corpuscles" was reduced in eyes harboring a vitreous hemorrhage, and in severe and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. On the other hand, patients with a history of focal or panretinal photocoagulation had better corpuscle counts than patients who had never received any treatment. It appears therefore, that argon laser photocoagulation is beneficial in preserving the blue field entoptic phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Mittl
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wilkes
- St. Luke's Nursing Home, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Abstract
In a random sample of 262 deaths, 21% of the patients lived alone and a quarter of the caring relatives were over 70 years old. The difficulties of the relatives were more often a cause for hospital admission than those of the patients. Health professionals and relatives differed considerably in their assessment of the same case. 24% of relatives were especially grateful to their general practitioners but 37% were critical. The uncaring attitude of the hospitals was criticised by 27% of the relatives, although hospital nurses were the most praised of all professionals. Symptom control was of variable quality. The community nurse categorised the quality of life in the final illness as poor or very poor in 44% of cases.
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Wilkes E. Autumn Books: American attitude to death. West J Med 1982. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.285.6354.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wilkes E. Dying in hospital: the residents' viewpoint. West J Med 1982. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.285.6347.1048-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wilkes E. I'm still proud to be a doctor, Mr Kennedy. J Med Ethics 1981; 7:177-179. [PMID: 7334489 PMCID: PMC1154948 DOI: 10.1136/jme.7.4.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Wilkes E. Management of suspected cardiac infarction by British immediate care doctors. West J Med 1981. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.282.6279.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wilkes E. Christmas Books: The dignity of grief. West J Med 1980. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.281.6253.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wilkes E, Lawton EE. The diabetic, the hospital and primary care. J R Coll Gen Pract 1980; 30:199-206. [PMID: 7411509 PMCID: PMC2159470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In a survey of mainly elderly patients discharged from a hospital diabetic clinic, it was found that 41 per cent were being seen by the general practitioner only when required or not at all, 36 per cent were being seen fairly regularly, and 23 per cent at routine appointments.The transfer from hospital to primary care was popular with two thirds of these patients, mainly because of the time, trouble, and money they saved in no longer travelling to hospital.Over 20 per cent of patients thought they had been discharged from the diabetic clinic because they were cured, a further 37 per cent thought they could be cured, about a third did not test their urine, and a similar proportion admitted that they did not keep to their diet.Of 204 known diabetics examined in general practice, about half had high blood sugars, a third of lower limbs had undoubted signs of peripheral vascular disease, and one fifth of the sample had both.
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Wilkes E. Are vegetarians all nuts? Nursing 1980:497-8. [PMID: 6898962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
No distinctive pattern has yet emerged from the accumulated mass of results that would provide a generally acceptable hypothesis of the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. A number of immunologic aberrations have been described, but there has been no identification of a key immunologic defect that might link together the various components of the immune response into an agreed pattern. The possibility of a persistent antigenic stimulus arising from an infection cannot be confirmed or refuted. If a virus is involved, it would seem more likely to be a "slow" virus rather than a commonly recognized form, but there is no strong candidate of this type in view. Despite the fact that mycoplasmas are undoubtedly arthritogenic in other species, their role as an etiologic agent in rheumatoid arthritis has not been proven. The idea that bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan may provide a persistent stimulus has much to offer, but it is not possible at this stage to accept peptidoglycan as a recognized etiologic factor. This suggestion will, however, indoubtedly stimulate much further investigation.
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Wilkes E, Crowther AG, Greaves CW. A different kind of day hospital--for patients with preterminal cancer and chronic disease. Br Med J 1978; 2:1053-6. [PMID: 709216 PMCID: PMC1608131 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6144.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new day hospital has been set up in Sheffield for patients with preterminal cancer and chronic disease. During the first 26 months 197 patients with cancer and 66 chronically sick patients attended. Of the 2701 attendances by patients with cancer, breast cancer accounted for 38%. One hundred and forty of the patients with cancer died, 83% in the terminal-care unit and 12% at home. Ninety per cent of respondents to a questionnaire thought that the support provided was of great importance to both patient and family; and over two-thirds of the patients were said to have benefited from improved control of symptoms. A similar facility could be developed within existing day hospitals without major revenue consequences, and should produce a genuine improvement in care. This study suggests, however, that it would not shorten the terminal stay in hospital.
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Wilkes E. Quality of life: effects of the knowledge of diagnosis in terminal illness. Nurs Times 1977; 73:1506-7. [PMID: 917860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Joesbury HE, Phillips CA, Garrett RT, Wilkes E, Smith AJ. Mild hypertension: a clinical trial conducted in hospital general practice. Br Med J 1976; 2:1476-9. [PMID: 793680 PMCID: PMC1689897 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6050.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To compare findings in a hospital trial of hypotensive drugs with those in a general practice trial several patients with mild hypertension were studied at the same time in hospital and in general practice. They received bendrofluazide and potassium chloride or bendrofluazide, potassium chloride, and reserpine according to a double-blind crossover protocol, and blood biochemical values were studied over eight weeks and six months. When reserpine was withdrawn from nine women they followed a modified protocol comparing bendrofluazide and potassium chloride with potassium chloride alone. The blood pressure values measured by the general practitioners were similar to those measured in hospital. Both the diuretic alone and the diuretic with reserpine produced significant falls in blood pressures. Although plasma renin activity increased on diuretic treatment, continued treatment did not produce a further increase, and levels gradually declined towards normal.
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Wilkes E. The trouble with patients. J R Coll Gen Pract 1976; 26:873-8. [PMID: 1011205 PMCID: PMC2158441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Wilkes E. Community care. Physiotherapy 1975; 61:365-7. [PMID: 1219807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Wilkes E. Lessons from bad general practice. J R Coll Gen Pract 1975; 25:82-91. [PMID: 1177214 PMCID: PMC2157613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The paucity of resources for general practice correlates well with high losses through emigration and questions the expensive over-production of doctors now being undertaken.The variable quality of community care and the absence of a structure yet providing real planning or capital, leads to the uneconomic abuse of hospital facilities and to an excessive emphasis on institutionalisation.Medicine is becoming depersonalised because unrealistic expectations lead to an overloading of the service. Simultaneously we allocate a low priority to education in the use of the service, have little training in the sociological aspects of medical care, and even less in how best to use the skills of our non-medical professional colleagues.
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Wilkes E. Terminal care and the special nursing unit. Nurs Times 1975; 71:57-9. [PMID: 1110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Wilkes E. The new responsibilities for the nurse in the community. Queens Nurs J 1975; 17:217-9. [PMID: 1038759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Wilkes E. Symposium: care of the dying; relatives, professional care, and the dying patient. Nurs Mirror Midwives J 1974; 139:53-6. [PMID: 4139693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wilkes E. Some problems in cancer management. Proc R Soc Med 1974; 67:1001-5. [PMID: 4139722 PMCID: PMC1646071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wilkes E. Some problems in cancer management. The Michael Williams Lecture 1974. Practitioner 1974; 213:82-6. [PMID: 4216892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wilkes E. Anaesthetics and the general practitioner. J R Coll Gen Pract 1974; 24:413-5. [PMID: 4474406 PMCID: PMC2157365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bramley P, Dinsdale RC, Padfield A, Perks ER, Thornton JA, Wilkes E. Letter: Who is the dental anaesthetist of the future? Br Dent J 1974; 136:355-6. [PMID: 4532944 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4803185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bramley P, Dinsdale RC, Padfield A, Perks ER, Thornton JA, Wilkes E. Letter: Who is the dental anaesthetist of the future? Br Med J 1974; 2:270. [PMID: 4827075 PMCID: PMC1610513 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5913.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Wilkes E. How to provide effective home care for the terminally ill. Geriatrics (Basel) 1973; 28:93-6. [PMID: 4721743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Evans SM, Wilkes E, Dalrymple-Smith D. Growing old: a country practice survey. J R Coll Gen Pract 1970; 20:278-284. [PMID: 5492618 PMCID: PMC2237374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Evans SM, Wilkes E, Dalrymple-Smith D. Presymptomatic diagnosis. A study in a country practice. J R Coll Gen Pract 1969; 17:237-46. [PMID: 5779651 PMCID: PMC2236825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
p-Fluorophenylalanine (PFPA), an analogue of phenylalanine which may be incorporated into proteins, increases the duration of mitosis. In the present experiments, based upon quantitative analyses of time-lapse cinemicrographic films, brief treatments of cells with PFPA are shown to affect the duration of metaphase in only those cells which enter division during or shortly after treatment. The offspring of cells with prolonged metaphases also tend to have prolonged metaphases. Analyses of the kinetics of the appearance of prolonged metaphases indicate that some protein specifically associated with mitosis is synthesized primarily during a period which corresponds closely to G(2). The manner in which the defect is passed on to daughter cells indicates that the protein involved is conserved and reutilized by daughter cells for their subsequent divisions. Comparable experiments performed with low concentrations of puromycin indicate that the major effect of PFPA is due to its incorporation into protein rather than its ability to inhibit protein synthesis. The fact that puromycin-induced effects can also be passed on to daughter cells is interpreted to mean that cells make only specific amounts of some mitosis-associated proteins and that if a cell "inherits" a deficiency in such protein it is not able to compensate for the deficiency.
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