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Greenwood C, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Hutchinson D, Macdonald J, Bereznicki H, Youssef G, Westrupp E. Alcohol use among Australian parents during the COVID-19 pandemic - April-2020 to May 2021. Addict Behav 2023; 138:107561. [PMID: 36473249 PMCID: PMC9694350 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study examined the trajectory of alcohol use frequency among parents from April-2020 to May-2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the state of Victoria, Australia (who experienced one of the longest lockdowns in the world), compared to parents from the other states of Australia (who experienced relatively fewer restrictions). We further examined the extent to which baseline demographic factors were associated with changes in alcohol use trajectories among parents. METHOD Data were from the COVID-19 Pandemic Adjustment Survey (2,261 parents of children 0-18 years). Alcohol use frequency was assessed over 13 waves. Baseline demographic predictors included parent gender, age, speaking a language other than English, number of children, partnership status, education, employment, and income. RESULTS Overall, alcohol trajectories declined over time. Victorian parents, in comparison to parents from other states, reported a smaller reduction in alcohol use frequency across 2020, with a more notable decline during 2021. Female/other gender, speaking a language other than English at home, unemployment, and lower income (Victoria only) were associated with alcohol trajectories of less frequent use, and older age was associated with a trajectory of more frequent use. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest subtle difference in alcohol trajectories reflecting COVID-19 restrictions, when comparing Victoria and other states in Australia. Socioeconomically advantaged groups were most at risk for elevated trajectories of alcohol use frequency. Population level support may beneficial to reduce drinking behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.J. Greenwood
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia,University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, Australia,Corresponding author at: Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - M. Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - D.M. Hutchinson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia,University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, Australia,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - J.A. Macdonald
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia,University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, Australia
| | - H.G.K. Bereznicki
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - G.J. Youssef
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia,Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E.M. Westrupp
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia,University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, Australia,La Trobe University, Judith Lumley Centre, Victoria, Australia
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Evans S, Klas A, Mikocka-Walus A, German B, Rogers G, Ling M, Fernando J, Kothe E, Westrupp E. "Poison" or "protection"? A mixed methods exploration of Australian parents' COVID-19 vaccination intentions. J Psychosom Res 2021; 150:110626. [PMID: 34583017 PMCID: PMC8503786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The success of COVID-19 vaccination programs relies on community attitudes, yet little is known about parents' views. We aimed to explore the reasons behind Australian parents' vaccine intentions for themselves and for their children. METHOD This mixed methods study relates to Wave 13 (January 2021) of a longitudinal study of Australian parents' experiences during COVID-19 and contained 1094 participants (83% mothers). We used multinomial logistic regression to understand demographic predictors of vaccine intention, and a descriptive template thematic analysis to analyse open-ended questions about parents' reasons for vaccine intentions for themselves and their children. RESULTS 64% of Australian parents intend on vaccination, 26% are unsure and 9% intend to decline; 48% intend to vaccinate their children, 38% are unsure, and 14% intend to decline. Relative to those intending to vaccinate, parents unsure (OR = -0.63, 95% CI: 0.46, -0.84, p = .002) or not intending (OR = -0.41, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.67 p < .001) to vaccinate were more likely to have lower trust in doctors. Similar predictors emerged for parents who did not intend to vaccinate their children (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.70, p < .001). Qualitative data indicated that many parents had not made a firm decision, including a lack of alignment between intentions and reasons. For example, parents who said 'yes' to vaccination, often then expressed hesitance and a focus on risks in their written response. Reasons for hesitancy for themselves included concerns about testing, side effects, and long-term outcomes. Similar themes were present for children, but parents expressed a strong desire to protect their children, and an eagerness for health information. CONCLUSION Based on prior research and the themes identified here, a multipronged campaign that includes education/promotion, good access to vaccines and role models, is likely to support parents to make informed decisions regarding COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Evans
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia,Corresponding author at: School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - A. Klas
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia,Deakin University, Misinformation Lab, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. Mikocka-Walus
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia
| | - B. German
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia
| | - G.D. Rogers
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - M. Ling
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia,Deakin University, Misinformation Lab, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia
| | - J.W. Fernando
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia
| | - E. Kothe
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia,Deakin University, Misinformation Lab, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia
| | - E.M. Westrupp
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
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Cooklin AR, Dinh H, Strazdins L, Westrupp E, Leach LS, Nicholson JM. Change and stability in work-family conflict and mothers' and fathers' mental health: Longitudinal evidence from an Australian cohort. Soc Sci Med 2016; 155:24-34. [PMID: 26986239 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Work-family conflict (WFC) occurs when work or family demands are 'mutually incompatible', with detrimental effects on mental health. This study contributes to the sparse longitudinal research, addressing the following questions: Is WFC a stable or transient feature of family life for mothers and fathers? What happens to mental health if WFC increases, reduces or persists? What work and family characteristics predict WFC transitions and to what extent are they gendered? Secondary analyses of 5 waves of data (child ages 4-5 to 12-13 years) from employed mothers (n = 2693) and fathers (n = 3460) participating in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were conducted. WFC transitions, across four two-year intervals (Waves 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, and 4-5) were classified as never, conscript, exit or chronic. Significant proportions of parents experienced change in WFC, between 12 and 16% of mothers and fathers for each transition 'type'. Parents who remained in chronic WFC reported the poorest mental health (adjusted multiple regression analyses), followed by those who conscripted into WFC. When WFC was relieved (exit), both mothers' and fathers' mental health improved significantly. Predictors of conscript and chronic WFC were somewhat distinct for mothers and fathers (adjusted logit regressions). Poor job quality, a skilled occupation and having more children differentiated chronic fathers' from those who exited WFC. For mothers, work factors only (skilled occupation; work hours; job insecurity) predicted chronic WFC. Findings reflect the persistent, gendered nature of work and care shaped by workplaces, but also offer tailored opportunities to redress WFC for mothers and fathers. We contribute novel evidence that mental health is directly influenced by the WFC interface, both positively and negatively, highlighting WFC as a key social determinant of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Cooklin
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Australia.
| | - H Dinh
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
| | - L Strazdins
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
| | - E Westrupp
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - L S Leach
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Well-being, Australian National University, Australia
| | - J M Nicholson
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Australia
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Cooklin AR, Westrupp E, Strazdins L, Giallo R, Martin A, Nicholson JM. Mothers' work-family conflict and enrichment: associations with parenting quality and couple relationship. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:266-77. [PMID: 24673505 PMCID: PMC4340039 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Employment participation of mothers of young children has steadily increased in developed nations. Combining work and family roles can create conflicts with family life, but can also bring enrichment. Work-family conflict and enrichment experienced by mothers may also impact children's home environments via parenting behaviour and the couple relationship, particularly in the early years of parenting when the care demands for young children is high. METHODS In order to examine these associations, while adjusting for a wide range of known covariates of parenting and relationship quality, regression models using survey data from 2151 working mothers of 4- to 5-year-old children are reported. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Results provided partial support for the predicted independent relationships between work-family conflict, enrichment and indicators of the quality of parenting and the couple relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Cooklin
- Parenting Research CentreMelbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - E Westrupp
- Parenting Research CentreMelbourne, Vic., Australia,Murdoch Childrens Research InstituteMelbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - L Strazdins
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - R Giallo
- Parenting Research CentreMelbourne, Vic., Australia,Murdoch Childrens Research InstituteMelbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - A Martin
- University of TasmaniaHobart, Tas., Australia
| | - J M Nicholson
- Parenting Research CentreMelbourne, Vic., Australia,Murdoch Childrens Research InstituteMelbourne, Vic., Australia
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