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Edmond EC, Haighton C, Botcherby EJ, Thompson A, Kueker W, Butterworth R, Kousin-Ezewu O. A mechanic with confusion and right-sided weakness. Pract Neurol 2021; 21:practneurol-2020-002862. [PMID: 33622806 DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2020-002862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Edmond
- Department of Neurosciences, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Haighton
- Department of Neurology, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Edward J Botcherby
- Department of Neurology, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Alexander Thompson
- Department of Neurosciences, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wilhelm Kueker
- Department of Neurosciences, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Butterworth
- Department of Neurosciences, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Department of Neurology, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Onajite Kousin-Ezewu
- Department of Neurology, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, UK
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Boulé S, Ninni S, Finat L, Botcherby EJ, Kouakam C, Klug D, Marquié C, Brigadeau F, Lacroix D, Kacet S, Guédon-Moreau L. Potential role of antitachycardia pacing alerts for the reduction of emergency presentations following shocks in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: implications for the implementation of remote monitoring. Europace 2015; 18:1809-1817. [PMID: 26711741 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Despite increased use of remote monitoring (RM) to follow up implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) recipients, many patients still receive ICD shocks in the community and present to the emergency department. Our aim was to identify the best predictors of impending shock delivery that can be measured with an ICD and to identify the most appropriate activities to alert physicians to during RM follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS All patients presenting to our institution for ICD shock, from November 2011 to November 2014, were enrolled in this prospective study. Patient characteristics, investigation results, and details of electrical activities from ICD interrogation were recorded at presentation. Presentations were classified as potentially avoidable if activities from a list of set criteria were apparent more than 48 h before index shock. Univariate and multivariate analyses were then used to identify predictors of potentially avoidable shocks. In total, 109 emergency presentations were recorded in 90 patients (male: 85%; 57 ± 16 years; ischaemic cardiomyopathy: 49%; LVEF: 34 ± 13%; electrical storm: 40%), of which 26 (24%) were potentially avoidable. Antitachycardia pacing (ATP) episodes were the most important predictor of impending shock. Potentially avoidable shocks were preceded by more episodes of ATP than unavoidable shocks (13 [3-67] vs. 3 [0-10]; P < 0.001). Patients followed up with RM systems configured to generate alerts following ATP delivery experienced significantly less ICD shocks (24 vs. 16%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Remote monitoring systems that generate alerts following ATP delivery could reduce emergency presentations for ICD shock by 24%, as ATP is a key predictor of impending shock delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Boulé
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Sandro Ninni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Loïc Finat
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Edward J Botcherby
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Claude Kouakam
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Didier Klug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Christelle Marquié
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - François Brigadeau
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Lacroix
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Salem Kacet
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille 2, Lille, France
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Morichau-Beauchant T, Boulé S, Guédon-Moreau L, Finat L, Botcherby EJ, Périer MC, Salleron J, Guibout C, Marquié C, Klug D, Kouakam C, Wissocque L, Brigadeau F, Lacroix D, Kacet S. Remote monitoring of patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: can results from large clinical trials be transposed to clinical practice? Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 107:664-71. [PMID: 25241223 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2014.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote monitoring (RM) is increasingly used to follow up patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Randomized control trials provide evidence for the benefit of this intervention, but data for RM in daily clinical practice with multiple-brands and unselected patients is lacking. AIMS To assess the effect of RM on patient management and clinical outcome for recipients of ICDs in daily practice. METHODS We reviewed ICD recipients followed up at our institution in 2009 with RM or with traditional hospital only (HO) follow-up. We looked at the effect of RM on the number of scheduled ambulatory follow-ups and urgent unscheduled consultations, the time between onset of asymptomatic events to clinical intervention and the clinical effectiveness of all consultations. We also evaluated the proportion of RM notifications representing clinically relevant situations. RESULTS We included 355 patients retrospectively (RM: n=144, HO: n=211, 76.9% male, 60.3±15.2 years old, 50.1% with ICDs for primary prevention and mean left ventricular ejection fraction 35.5±14.5%). Average follow-up was 13.5 months. The RM group required less scheduled ambulatory follow-up consultations (1.8 vs. 2.1/patient/year; P<0.0001) and a far lower median time between the onset of asymptomatic events and clinical intervention (7 vs. 76 days; P=0.016). Of the 784 scheduled ambulatory follow-up consultations carried out, only 152 (19.4%) resulted in therapeutic intervention or ICD reprogramming. We also found that the vast majority of RM notifications (61.9%) were of no clinical relevance. CONCLUSION RM allows early management of asymptomatic events and a reduction in scheduled ambulatory follow-up consultations in daily clinical practice, without compromising safety, endorsing RM as the new standard of care for ICD recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphane Boulé
- Lille University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 59037 Lille, France.
| | | | - Loïc Finat
- Lille University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Edward J Botcherby
- Lille University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Périer
- Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julia Salleron
- Lille University Hospital, Biostatistics Unit, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Catherine Guibout
- Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christelle Marquié
- Lille University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Didier Klug
- Lille University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 59037 Lille, France; University of Lille 2, Faculty of Medicine, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Claude Kouakam
- Lille University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Ludivine Wissocque
- Lille University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 59037 Lille, France; University of Lille 2, Faculty of Medicine, 59045 Lille, France
| | - François Brigadeau
- Lille University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Dominique Lacroix
- Lille University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 59037 Lille, France; University of Lille 2, Faculty of Medicine, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Salem Kacet
- Lille University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 59037 Lille, France; University of Lille 2, Faculty of Medicine, 59045 Lille, France
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Boulé S, Ouadah A, Langlois C, Botcherby EJ, Verbrugge E, Huchette D, Salleron J, Mostefa Kara M, Kouakam C, Brigadeau F, Klug D, Marquié C, Guédon-Moreau L, Wissocque L, Escande W, Lacroix D, Kacet S. Predictors of Advanced His-Purkinje Conduction Disturbances in Patients With Unexplained Syncope and Bundle Branch Block. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:606-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Botcherby EJ, Corbett A, Burton RAB, Smith CW, Bollensdorff C, Booth MJ, Kohl P, Wilson T, Bub G. Fast measurement of sarcomere length and cell orientation in Langendorff-perfused hearts using remote focusing microscopy. Circ Res 2013; 113:863-70. [PMID: 23899961 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sarcomere length (SL) is a key indicator of cardiac mechanical function, but current imaging technologies are limited in their ability to unambiguously measure and characterize SL at the cell level in intact, living tissue. OBJECTIVE We developed a method for measuring SL and regional cell orientation using remote focusing microscopy, an emerging imaging modality that can capture light from arbitrary oblique planes within a sample. METHODS AND RESULTS We present a protocol that unambiguously and quickly determines cell orientation from user-selected areas in a field of view by imaging 2 oblique planes that share a common major axis with the cell. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique in establishing single-cell SL in Langendorff-perfused hearts loaded with the membrane dye di-4-ANEPPS. CONCLUSIONS Remote focusing microscopy can measure cell orientation in complex 2-photon data sets without capturing full z stacks. The technique allows rapid assessment of SL in healthy and diseased heart experimental preparations.
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Abstract
The scanning two-photon fluorescence microscope produces optically sectioned images from the focal plane. It is sometimes desirable to acquire images from other planes of the specimen that are inclined with respect to the focal plane. In this Letter, we discuss the issues concerned with acquiring such images together with the effects of the inclination angle on image resolution and sectioning strength. To obtain images from oblique planes at high speed, a two-photon system was built wherein a novel optical system is used to provide aberration-free scanning.
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Abstract
Live biological specimens exhibit time-varying behavior on the microscale in all three dimensions. Although scanning confocal and two-photon microscopes are able to record three-dimensional image stacks through these specimens, they do so at relatively low speeds which limits the time resolution of the biological processes that can be observed. One way to improve the data acquisition rate is to image only the regions of a specimen that are of interest and so researchers have recently begun to acquire two-dimensional images of inclined planes or surfaces extending significantly into the z-direction. As the resolution is not uniform in x, y and z, the images possess non-isotropic resolution. We explore this theoretically and show that images of an oblique plane may contain spectral content that could not have been generated by specimen features lying wholly within the plane but must instead arise from a spatial variation in another direction. In some cases we find that the image contains frequencies three times higher than the resolution limit for in-plane features. We confirm this finding through numerical simulations and experiments on a novel, oblique-plane imaging system and suggest that care be taken in the interpretation of such images.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Smith
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, UK
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Salter PS, Carbone G, Botcherby EJ, Wilson T, Elston SJ, Raynes EP. Liquid crystal director dynamics imaged using two-photon fluorescence microscopy with remote focusing. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:257803. [PMID: 20366289 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.257803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel imaging technique adopting remote focusing for resolving the axial dynamics in the director field for liquid crystals. The high axial time resolution of our approach is demonstrated by imaging directly the evolution of the director field for an initially splayed nematic layer subject to a sudden voltage pulse. Images of the switching dynamics are presented, revealing transient state director configurations and changes in topology of the liquid crystal layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Salter
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
We demonstrate wavefront sensorless aberration correction in a two-photon excited fluorescence microscope. Using analysis of the image-formation process, we have developed an optimized correction scheme permitting image-quality improvement with minimal additional exposure of the sample. We show that, as a result, our correction process induces little photobleaching and significantly improves the quality of images of biological samples. In particular, increased visibility of small structures is demonstrated. Finally, we illustrate the use of this technique on various fresh and fixed biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Débarre
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
The standard microscope architecture around which confocal microscopes are built imposes fundamental restrictions on the speed with which images (three-dimensional data sets) can be obtained. Commercially available slit scanning confocal microscopes are able to produce optically sectioned images at frame rates well in excess of 100 Hz. However only the focal (x-y) plane can be imaged at this speed. To image a volume specimen it is necessary to physically change the distance between the objective lens and the specimen. This refocusing process is often necessarily slow and represents a bottleneck to the speed of image acquisition. We describe the construction of a slit scanning confocal microscope based on what we know to be a novel microscope architecture, which permits images of other planes and, particular, the meridional (x-z) plane to be acquired in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Botcherby
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
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Abstract
We describe an optical microscope system whose focal setting can be changed quickly without moving the objective lens or specimen. Using this system, diffraction limited images can be acquired from a wide range of focal settings without introducing optical aberrations that degrade image quality. We combine this system with a real time Nipkow disc based confocal microscope so as to permit the acquisition of extended depth of field images directly in a single frame of the CCD camera. We also demonstrate a simple modification that enables extended depth of field images to be acquired from different angles of perspective, where the angle can be changed over a continuous range by the user in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Botcherby
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
We implement wave front sensor-less adaptive optics in a structured illumination microscope. We investigate how the image formation process in this type of microscope is affected by aberrations. It is found that aberrations can be classified into two groups, those that affect imaging of the illumination pattern and those that have no influence on this pattern. We derive a set of aberration modes ideally suited to this application and use these modes as the basis for an efficient aberration correction scheme. Each mode is corrected independently through the sequential optimisation of an image quality metric. Aberration corrected imaging is demonstrated using fixed fluorescent specimens. Images are further improved using differential aberration imaging for reduction of background fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Débarre
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
We describe a method of optical refocusing for high numerical aperture (NA) systems that is particularly relevant for confocal and multiphoton microscopy. This method avoids the spherical aberration that is common to other optical refocusing systems. We show that aberration-free images can be obtained over an axial scan range of 70 mum for a 1.4 NA objective lens. As refocusing is implemented remotely from the specimen, this method will enable high axial scan speeds without mechanical interference between the objective lens and the specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Botcherby
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
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