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Zayoud M, Vax E, Elad-Sfadia G, Barshack I, Pinkas-Kramarski R, Goldstein I. Inhibition of Ras GTPases prevents Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Reducing the Generation of Pathogenic CD4 + T Cells and the Hyposialylation of Autoantibodies. ACR Open Rheumatol 2020; 2:512-524. [PMID: 32869536 PMCID: PMC7504479 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE RasGTPases are master regulators of multiple intracellular signaling cascades. Perturbation of this pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study we aimed to define the therapeutic potential of a novel RasGTPases inhibitor, farnesylthiosalicylate (FTS), in the preclinical mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and better delineate its immunomodulatory effects both ex vivo and in the mouse. METHODS We analyzed in vitro the immunomodulatory effects of FTS on various CD4+ T-cell functions such as activation, proliferation, T-helper polarization, and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Using the CIA model, we further determined the efficacy of FTS to inhibit clinical, histopathologic, and diverse immunological outcomes of arthritis. RESULTS FTS treatment of CD4+ T cells in vitro effectively targeted distinct kinases (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38, protein kinase B/AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin), the production of interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and Th17 polarization. FTS therapy in the mouse CIA model significantly reduced clinical disease severity and joint inflammation/damage by histology. Importantly, FTS suppressed the in vivo induction of splenic IL-17+ IL-22+ Th17 cells and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The production of pathogenic autoantibodies and their abnormal hyposialylation was significantly attenuated by FTS therapy. Importantly, in vivo generation of collagen type-II specific effector CD4+ T cells was likewise repressed by FTS therapy. CONCLUSION The RasGTPases inhibitor FTS attenuates the production of proinflammatory cytokines by in vitro-activated T cells and is a potent immunomodulatory compound in the CIA model, primarily targeting the generation of autoreactive Th17 cells and the production of autoantibodies and their subsequent pathogenic hyposialylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morad Zayoud
- Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Einav Vax
- Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Iris Barshack
- Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Itamar Goldstein
- Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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2
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Abstract
A method to improve radioactive waste drum activity estimation in Segmented Gamma Scanning (SGS) systems was developed for homogenous content. We describe a method to quantify the activity of spatially distributed gamma-emitting isotopes (‘hot spots’) in homogenous content waste drums without the use of a collimator. Instead of averaging all the detector's readings we treat it as many different spatial samples as if we have multiple detectors surrounding the waste drum ("virtual detectors"). From these readings, we form a general linear model. Next, we derive the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) for the multiple sources position and activity. We solve this hyper-dimensional search problem using an Alternating Projections (AP) technique which transforms the problem into a simpler one-dimensional maximization problem. We tested this method using a mathematical simulation with a various number of sources, at random activities and positions for several energy bands. The preliminary results are consistent and show large improvement of the accuracy with comparison to industrial SGS systems and the same accuracy as new methods which exploits the spatial samples. Furthermore, since this method eliminates the need for heavy led collimator, none of the sources is blocked for the whole measurement period, which provides increased count rates and decreases the total measurement time.
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3
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Shukrun R, Golan H, Caspi R, Pode-Shakked N, Pleniceanu O, Vax E, Bar-Lev DD, Pri-Chen S, Jacob-Hirsch J, Schiby G, Harari-Steinberg O, Mark-Danieli M, Dekel B, Toren A. NCAM1/FGF module serves as a putative pleuropulmonary blastoma therapeutic target. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:48. [PMID: 31477684 PMCID: PMC6718423 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare pediatric lung neoplasm that recapitulates developmental pathways of early embryonic lungs. As lung development proceeds with highly regulated mesenchymal-epithelial interactions, a DICER1 mutation in PPB generates a faulty lung differentiation program with resultant biphasic tumors composed of a primitive epithelial and mesenchymal stroma with early progenitor blastomatous cells. Deciphering of PPB progression has been hampered by the difficulty of culturing PPB cells, and specifically progenitor blastomatous cells. Here, we show that in contrast with in-vitro culture, establishment of PPB patient-derived xenograft (PDX) in NOD-SCID mice selects for highly proliferating progenitor blastoma overexpressing critical regulators of lung development and multiple imprinted genes. These stem-like tumors were sequentially interrogated by gene profiling to show a FGF module that is activated alongside Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1). Targeting the progenitor blastoma and these transitions with an anti-NCAM1 immunoconjugate (Lorvotuzumab mertansine) inhibited tumor growth and progression providing new paradigms for PPB therapeutics. Altogether, our novel in-vivo PPB xenograft model allowed us to enrich for highly proliferating stem-like cells and to identify FGFR and NCAM1 as two key players that can serve as therapeutic targets in this poorly understood and aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Shukrun
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hana Golan
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Hematology Oncology Research Laboratory, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Revital Caspi
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Dr. Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program 2013, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Oren Pleniceanu
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Einav Vax
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dekel D Bar-Lev
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sara Pri-Chen
- The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Cancer Research Center and the Wohl Institute of Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ginette Schiby
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mark-Danieli
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel. .,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Amos Toren
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Hematology Oncology Research Laboratory, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262000, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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4
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Golan H, Shukrun R, Caspi R, Vax E, Pode-Shakked N, Goldberg S, Pleniceanu O, Bar-Lev DD, Mark-Danieli M, Pri-Chen S, Jacob-Hirsch J, Kanter I, Trink A, Schiby G, Bilik R, Kalisky T, Harari-Steinberg O, Toren A, Dekel B. In Vivo Expansion of Cancer Stemness Affords Novel Cancer Stem Cell Targets: Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor as an Example. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:795-810. [PMID: 30122444 PMCID: PMC6135722 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) identification relies on transplantation assays of cell subpopulations sorted from fresh tumor samples. Here, we attempt to bypass limitations of abundant tumor source and predetermined immune selection by in vivo propagating patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from human malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), a rare and lethal pediatric neoplasm, to an advanced state in which most cells behave as CSCs. Stemness is then probed by comparative transcriptomics of serial PDXs generating a gene signature of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasion/motility, metastasis, and self-renewal, pinpointing putative MRT CSC markers. The relevance of these putative CSC molecules is analyzed by sorting tumorigenic fractions from early-passaged PDX according to one such molecule, deciphering expression in archived primary tumors, and testing the effects of CSC molecule inhibition on MRT growth. Using this platform, we identify ALDH1 and lysyl oxidase (LOX) as relevant targets and provide a larger framework for target and drug discovery in rare pediatric cancers. Human malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) can be propagated in vivo as tumor xenografts Long-term propagated PDX enrich for CSC frequency with no need for immune selection Distinct gene signature in stem-like MRT xenografts reveals putative CSC biomarkers Screening of putative CSC biomarkers allows identification of therapeutic targets
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Golan
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Division of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rachel Shukrun
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Revital Caspi
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Einav Vax
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Dr. Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program 2013, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sanja Goldberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Oren Pleniceanu
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Dekel D Bar-Lev
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Michal Mark-Danieli
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Sara Pri-Chen
- The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Itamar Kanter
- Faculty of Engineering and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ariel Trink
- Faculty of Engineering and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ginette Schiby
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ron Bilik
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Tomer Kalisky
- Faculty of Engineering and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Amos Toren
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Division of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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5
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Marcu-Malina V, Goldberg S, Vax E, Amariglio N, Goldstein I, Rechavi G. ADAR1 is vital for B cell lineage development in the mouse bone marrow. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54370-54379. [PMID: 27494846 PMCID: PMC5342348 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) 1 is the master editor of the transcriptome, catalyzing the conversion of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I). RNA transcripts fold into a variety of secondary structures including long intramolecular RNA duplexes that are the major substrate of ADAR1. Most A-to-I editing sites occur within RNA duplexes formed by complementary pairing of inverted retrotransposable elements interspersed within noncoding regions of transcripts. This catalytic activity of ADAR1 most likely prevents the abnormal activation of cytosolic nucleic acid sensors by self-dsRNAs. Homozygous disruption of mouse Adar is embryonic lethal due to a toxic type-I interferons response and correspondingly biallelic missense mutations in human ADAR1 cause a severe congenital interferonopathy. Here, we report that Cd19-Cre-mediated Adar gene ablation in the mouse causes a significant defect in the final stages of B cell development with an almost complete absence of newly formed immature and CD23+ mature recirculating B cells in the BM. Adar ablation in pre-B cells induced upregulation of typical interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and apoptosis upon further maturation. ADAR1 deficiency also inhibited the in vitro, IL-7-mediated, differentiation of BM-derived B cell precursors. In summary, ADAR1 is required, non-redundantly, for normal B lymphopoiesis in the BM and peripheral maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Marcu-Malina
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sanja Goldberg
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Einav Vax
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ninette Amariglio
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Itamar Goldstein
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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6
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Pleniceanu O, Shukrun R, Omer D, Vax E, Kanter I, Dziedzic K, Pode-Shakked N, Mark-Daniei M, Pri-Chen S, Gnatek Y, Alfandary H, Varda-Bloom N, Bar-Lev DD, Bollag N, Shtainfeld R, Armon L, Urbach A, Kalisky T, Nagler A, Harari-Steinberg O, Arbiser JL, Dekel B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is central to the initiation and propagation of human angiomyolipoma, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:1763. [PMID: 29196313 PMCID: PMC5709741 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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7
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Pleniceanu O, Shukrun R, Omer D, Vax E, Kanter I, Dziedzic K, Pode-Shakked N, Mark-Daniei M, Pri-Chen S, Gnatek Y, Alfandary H, Varda-Bloom N, Bar-Lev DD, Bollag N, Shtainfeld R, Armon L, Urbach A, Kalisky T, Nagler A, Harari-Steinberg O, Arbiser JL, Dekel B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is central to the initiation and propagation of human angiomyolipoma, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:508-530. [PMID: 28275008 PMCID: PMC5376758 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiomyolipoma (AML), the most common benign renal tumor, can result in severe morbidity from hemorrhage and renal failure. While mTORC1 activation is involved in its growth, mTORC1 inhibitors fail to eradicate AML, highlighting the need for new therapies. Moreover, the identity of the AML cell of origin is obscure. AML research, however, is hampered by the lack of in vivo models. Here, we establish a human AML‐xenograft (Xn) model in mice, recapitulating AML at the histological and molecular levels. Microarray analysis demonstrated tumor growth in vivo to involve robust PPARG‐pathway activation. Similarly, immunostaining revealed strong PPARG expression in human AML specimens. Accordingly, we demonstrate that while PPARG agonism accelerates AML growth, PPARG antagonism is inhibitory, strongly suppressing AML proliferation and tumor‐initiating capacity, via a TGFB‐mediated inhibition of PDGFB and CTGF. Finally, we show striking similarity between AML cell lines and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in terms of antigen and gene expression and differentiation potential. Altogether, we establish the first in vivo human AML model, which provides evidence that AML may originate in a PPARG‐activated renal MSC lineage that is skewed toward adipocytes and smooth muscle and away from osteoblasts, and uncover PPARG as a regulator of AML growth, which could serve as an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Pleniceanu
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Racheli Shukrun
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Omer
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Einav Vax
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itamar Kanter
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Klaudyna Dziedzic
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mark-Daniei
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sara Pri-Chen
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yehudit Gnatek
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadas Alfandary
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Nephrology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Nira Varda-Bloom
- Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dekel D Bar-Lev
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Naomi Bollag
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rachel Shtainfeld
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leah Armon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Achia Urbach
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tomer Kalisky
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta Veterans Administration Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel .,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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8
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Markovsky E, Vax E, Ben-Shushan D, Eldar-Boock A, Shukrun R, Yeini E, Barshack I, Caspi R, Harari-Steinberg O, Pode-Shakked N, Dekel B, Satchi-Fainaro R. Wilms Tumor NCAM-Expressing Cancer Stem Cells as Potential Therapeutic Target for Polymeric Nanomedicine. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2462-2472. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Zayoud M, Marcu-Malina V, Vax E, Jacob-Hirsch J, Elad-Sfadia G, Barshack I, Kloog Y, Goldstein I. Ras Signaling Inhibitors Attenuate Disease in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis via Targeting Pathogenic Antigen-Specific Th17-Type Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:799. [PMID: 28736556 PMCID: PMC5500629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras family of GTPases plays an important role in signaling nodes downstream to T cell receptor and CD28 activation, potentially lowering the threshold for T-cell receptor activation by autoantigens. Somatic mutation in NRAS or KRAS may cause a rare autoimmune disorder coupled with abnormal expansion of lymphocytes. T cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients show excessive activation of Ras/MEK/ERK pathway. The small molecule farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) interferes with the interaction between Ras GTPases and their prenyl-binding chaperones to inhibit proper plasma membrane localization. In the present study, we tested the therapeutic and immunomodulatory effects of FTS and its derivative 5-fluoro-FTS (F-FTS) in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model (AIA). We show that AIA severity was significantly reduced by oral FTS and F-FTS treatment compared to vehicle control treatment. FTS was as effective as the mainstay anti-rheumatic drug methotrexate, and combining the two drugs significantly increased efficacy compared to each drug alone. We also discovered that FTS therapy inhibited both the CFA-driven in vivo induction of Th17 and IL-17/IFN-γ producing “double positive” as well as the upregulation of serum levels of the Th17-associated cytokines IL-17A and IL-22. By gene microarray analysis of effector CD4+ T cells from CFA-immunized rats, re-stimulated in vitro with the mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-shock protein 65 (Bhsp65), we determined that FTS abrogated the Bhsp65-induced transcription of a large list of genes (e.g., Il17a/f, Il22, Ifng, Csf2, Lta, and Il1a). The functional enrichment bioinformatics analysis showed significant overlap with predefined gene sets related to inflammation, immune system processes and autoimmunity. In conclusion, FTS and F-FTS display broad immunomodulatory effects in AIA with inhibition of the Th17-type response to a dominant arthritogenic antigen. Hence, targeting Ras signal-transduction cascade is a potential novel therapeutic approach for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morad Zayoud
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Rheumatology Unit, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Victoria Marcu-Malina
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Einav Vax
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Galit Elad-Sfadia
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Institute of Pathology, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yoel Kloog
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Itamar Goldstein
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Rheumatology Unit, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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10
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Shukrun R, Pode-Shakked N, Pleniceanu O, Omer D, Vax E, Peer E, Pri-Chen S, Jacob J, Hu Q, Harari-Steinberg O, Huff V, Dekel B. Wilms' tumor blastemal stem cells dedifferentiate to propagate the tumor bulk. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:24-33. [PMID: 25068119 PMCID: PMC4110791 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An open question remains in cancer stem cell (CSC) biology whether CSCs are by definition at the top of the differentiation hierarchy of the tumor. Wilms’ tumor (WT), composed of blastema and differentiated renal elements resembling the nephrogenic zone of the developing kidney, is a valuable model for studying this question because early kidney differentiation is well characterized. WT neural cell adhesion molecule 1-positive (NCAM1+) aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-positive (ALDH1+) CSCs have been recently isolated and shown to harbor early renal progenitor traits. Herein, by generating pure blastema WT xenografts, composed solely of cells expressing the renal developmental markers SIX2 and NCAM1, we surprisingly show that sorted ALDH1+ WT CSCs do not correspond to earliest renal stem cells. Rather, gene expression and proteomic comparative analyses disclose a cell type skewed more toward epithelial differentiation than the bulk of the blastema. Thus, WT CSCs are likely to dedifferentiate to propagate WT blastema. The Wilms’ tumor (WT) blastema can be exclusively propagated in mice Gene and protein analyses place the WT CSC at a specific developmental stage WT CSCs do not correspond to the earliest renal stem cells WT CSCs are likely to dedifferentiate to propagate WT blastema
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Shukrun
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Dr. Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program 2013, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Oren Pleniceanu
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Dorit Omer
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Einav Vax
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Eyal Peer
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sara Pri-Chen
- The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
| | - Jasmine Jacob
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
| | - Qianghua Hu
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
| | - Vicki Huff
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sheba Centers for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Corresponding author
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11
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Buzhor E, Omer D, Harari-Steinberg O, Dotan Z, Vax E, Pri-Chen S, Metsuyanim S, Pleniceanu O, Goldstein RS, Dekel B. Reactivation of NCAM1 defines a subpopulation of human adult kidney epithelial cells with clonogenic and stem/progenitor properties. Am J Pathol 2013; 183:1621-1633. [PMID: 24055371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nephron is composed of a monolayer of epithelial cells that make up its various compartments. In development, these cells begin as mesenchyme. NCAM1, abundant in the mesenchyme and early nephron lineage, ceases to express in mature kidney epithelia. We show that, once placed in culture and released from quiescence, adult human kidney epithelial cells (hKEpCs), uniformly positive for CD24/CD133, re-express NCAM1 in a specific cell subset that attains a stem/progenitor state. Immunosorted NCAM1(+) cells overexpressed early nephron progenitor markers (PAX2, SALL1, SIX2, WT1) and acquired a mesenchymal fate, indicated by high vimentim and reduced E-cadherin levels. Gene expression and microarray analysis disclosed both a proximal tubular origin of these cells and molecules regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. NCAM1(+) cells generated clonal progeny when cultured in the presence of fetal kidney conditioned medium, differentiated along mesenchymal lineages but retained the unique propensity to generate epithelial kidney spheres and produce epithelial renal tissue on single-cell grafting in chick CAM and mouse. Depletion of NCAM1(+) cells from hKEpCs abrogated stemness traits in vitro. Eliminating these cells during the regenerative response that follows glycerol-induced acute tubular necrosis worsened peak renal injury in vivo. Thus, higher clone-forming and developmental capacities characterize a distinct subset of adult kidney-derived cells. The ability to influence an endogenous regenerative response via NCAM1 targeting may lead to novel therapeutics for renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Buzhor
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Dorit Omer
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Zohar Dotan
- Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Einav Vax
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sara Pri-Chen
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sally Metsuyanim
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Oren Pleniceanu
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ronald S Goldstein
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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12
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Kamari Y, Shaish A, Vax E, Shemesh S, Kandel-Kfir M, Arbel Y, Olteanu S, Barshack I, Dotan S, Voronov E, Dinarello CA, Apte RN, Harats D. Lack of interleukin-1α or interleukin-1β inhibits transformation of steatosis to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. J Hepatol 2011; 55:1086-94. [PMID: 21354232 PMCID: PMC3210940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The identification of the cellular and molecular pathways that mediate the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is of crucial importance. Cytokines produced by liver-resident and infiltrating inflammatory cells, play a pivotal role in liver inflammation. The role of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β in steatohepatitis remains elusive. METHODS We employed IL-1α and IL-1β-deficient mice and transplanted marrow cells to study the role of liver-resident and bone marrow-derived IL-1 in steatosis and its progression to steatohepatitis. RESULTS Atherogenic diet-induced steatohepatitis in wild-type mice was associated with 16 and 4.6 fold-elevations in mRNA levels of hepatic IL-1α and IL-1β, respectively. In mice deficient in either IL-1α or IL-1β the transformation of steatosis to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis was markedly reduced. This protective effect in IL-1α-deficient mice was noted despite increased liver cholesterol levels. Deficiency of IL-1α markedly reduced plasma serum amyloid A and steady-state levels of mRNA coding for inflammatory genes (P-selectin, CXCL1, IL-6, and TNFα) as well as pro-fibrotic genes (MMP-9 and Collagen) and particularly a 50% decrease in TGFβ levels (p = 0.004). IL-1α mRNA levels were two-folds lower in IL-1β-deficient mice, and IL-1β transcripts were three-folds lower in IL-1α-deficient compared to wild-type mice. Hepatic cell derived IL-1α rather than from recruited bone marrow-derived cells was required for steatohepatitis development. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the critical role of IL-1α and IL-1β in the transformation of steatosis to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. Therefore, the potential of neutralizing IL-1α and/or IL-1β to inhibit the development of steatohepatitis should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Kamari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Aviv Shaish
- The Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
| | - Einav Vax
- The Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University
| | - Shay Shemesh
- The Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University
| | | | - Yaron Arbel
- The Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
| | - Sarita Olteanu
- The Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University
| | - Iris Barshack
- Pathology department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University
| | - Shahar Dotan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Elana Voronov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Ron N. Apte
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dror Harats
- The Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University
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Abstract
1. A series of 5 trials was conducted with Cobb chickens in order to determine the effect of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3) on their performance and bone development under adequate Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P) supplementation, and under moderate dietary restriction of Ca and P. Formulated beadlets of 25OHD3, trade name HY-D (IsoGen, Naperville, IL, USA) were used as the 25OHD3 source. 2. Five to 10 microg of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) or 25OHD3/kg diet were sufficient to ensure normal body weight (BW) and bone ash in chickens under continuous lighting. The two materials had similar effects on BW and bone ash. 3. In one out of the three experiments, 25OHD3 increased BW and BW gain, while in the others it had a similar effect to that of vitamin D3, or even a slight negative effect in a trial conducted on the floor, in which the diets were supplemented with the D sources at 75 microg/kg. The effects of both D sources on bone ash and on the severity or frequency of tibial dischondroplasia were similar. 4. 25OHD3 restrained the effect of moderate dietary P restriction, but not of Ca restriction, on BW gain and bone ash in 22-d-old chickens. This effect could not be explained by an higher P bioavailability in the 25OHD3-fed chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bar
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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Abstract
Shortening daylight (to 10.5 to 11 h/d) slightly reduced the rest period (the interval between last egg and first clutch), whereas feeding a low-protein diet during the 22-d period following 8 d of feed withdrawal (FW) (recovery period) markedly extended it. Feed withdrawal accompanied by a short-daylight regime and a long recovery period led to the best postmolt production. However, production per hen housed during the whole experimental period was only slightly increased. Thus, a long rest period may mask the positive effects of short daylight and recovery diet. At least 140 to 170 d were needed to enable the molted hens to compensate for the loss of eggs during the rest period. Therefore, under certain economic conditions, rearing of nonmolting hens for 640 to 700 d should be an economic consideration. Ten days of feeding of a diet containing 0.06% nicarbazin (NICR) arrested egg production and caused a 22-d rest period but not a typical molt. Few variables of production or shell quality were improved by NICR but to a lesser extent than by FW or Zn feeding. Five days of feeding on a high-Zn diet (20 g Zn/kg; HZn) improved postmolt performances similarly to FW. Ten days of feeding on a modest-Zn (2.8 g Zn/kg), low-Ca, and low-P diet (Zn-CaP) affected postmolt performances inconsistently. In one out of two trials (trial 2), the effects of Zn-CaP were similar to those of FW or HZn; in the other (trial 3), the effects were less pronounced, more time was required for egg arrest, and more eggs were laid occasionally during the rest period. In trial 2, only the Zn-CaP diet was accompanied by short daylight. In both trials, feed intake during the induction period was only slightly reduced. Zn feeding increased the yolk Zn content slightly in eggs laid during the induction period and at the onset of production. In trial 2, only Zn-CaP markedly increased yolk Zn of eggs laid during the first 5 d of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bar
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
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15
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Abstract
1. A series of 5 trials was conducted with 401- to 650-d-old Lohmann, Yafa (local breed with brown eggshells) and Yarkon (local breed with white eggshells) hens fed for 56 to 84 d with diets containing 25 to 50 g/kg calcium (Ca) and 4.5 to 7.6 g/kg phosphorus (P). 2. Increasing dietary Ca from 24-25 to 36-40 g/kg improved egg production, shell weight (SW) and shell thickness (ST), and decreased mortality. 3. Increasing dietary Ca to 48 to 50 g/kg did not affect egg production but increased SW and/or ST. In one out of the 4 trials, this effect was not significant, most likely because of the high shell quality of the eggs from the Yafa hens used for this trial. 4. Dietary P content of 4.5 g/kg (1.0 g/kg added inorganic P) appears to be sufficient for maintaining egg production and shell quality in aged laying hen given 36 to 40 g/kg Ca. 5. Increasing dietary Ca above 40 g/kg may require a higher dietary P content.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bar
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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16
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Abstract
The effect of air velocity (AV) on weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency was studied in male broiler chickens exposed to a constant 35 C, 60% RH, and continuous illumination from 4 through 7 wk of age. In two separate trials, AV of 0.5, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 m/s (Trial 1) and 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 m/s (Trial 2) were used. The fifth week was used for acclimation to the targeted environmental conditions. Weight gain was significantly higher in broilers exposed to AV of 1.5 and 2.0 m/s in both trials, which coincided with significantly higher feed intake and feed efficiency. Exposure to the low AV (0.5 and 1.0 m/s) resulted in weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency that were less than those of broilers exposed to high AV (2.5 and 3.0 m/s). In all treatments, broilers developed hyperthermia, but there were no significant differences in body temperature (Tb) among the birds. It can be concluded that AV has a significant effect on broiler performance; the optimal AV was found to be 1.5 to 2.0 m/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yahav
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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Bar A, Vax E, Striem S. Relationships among age, eggshell thickness and vitamin D metabolism and its expression in the laying hen. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 1999; 123:147-54. [PMID: 10425734 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(99)00039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hens forming uncalcified shells synthesized less 1,25-hydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) and less duodenal and eggshell gland (ESG) calbindin than normal laying hens. Hens forming thin shells had lower intestinal and ESG calbindin and its mRNA. Reducing ESG calcium (Ca2+) transport by the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide, but not by dietary Ca2+ restriction, reduced ESG calbindin and its mRNA. Two sub-populations of hens characterized by shell thickness (ST) maintained this characteristic throughout the whole production period. The differences between the two sub-populations increased with age. In old laying hens, the two sub-populations responded differently to dietary Ca2+ restriction and to exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3. Those forming a thin shell responded to 1,25(OH)2D3 by a significant improvement in ST. The results suggest that: (a) the mechanism responsible for Ca2+ transport to the egg shell consists of a vitamin D-dependent absorption of Ca2+ and a multi-factor-dependent transfer of Ca2+ to the shell; (b) both steps are, most likely, calbindin-mediated; however, the induction of calbindin gene expression in the ESG is predominantly calcium-dependent; and (c) the apparent defect in vitamin D metabolism or its expression in old hens is typical of, or even exclusive, to thin-shell-forming hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bar
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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Bar A, Vax E, Striem S. Effects of age at onset of production, light regime and dietary calcium on performance, eggshell traits, duodenal calbindin and cholecalciferol metabolism. Br Poult Sci 1998; 39:282-90. [PMID: 9649885 DOI: 10.1080/00071669889268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
1. Rate of production and shell thickness (ST) decreased, while body weight (BW), egg weight (EW) and percentage breakage increased progressively with age. Shell weight (SW) increased until 8 to 13 months of age and then decreased. 2. Early onset of production resulted in lower BW and EW at the onset of production, and lower pooled averages of BW, EW, SW and ST, as compared with late or medial onset of production. In 4 out of 5 trials, early onset did not result in the production of more eggs during the laying period. 3. Early onset of production is associated with physiological Ca deficiency as indicated by increases in kidney-1-hydroxylase and duodenal calbindin in early layers as compared with late layers. Early layers exhibited a more severe reduction in shell quality as the result of Ca deficiency as compared with late layers. 4. Feeding pullets with a prelaying diet containing 3.9% Ca did not affect unequivocally the performance or shell quality during the whole productive period, whether the birds started to lay early or late. The dietary treatment did not cause renal damage, as indicated by morphological examination and by plasma calcium and uric acid concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bar
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Abstract
Acute and chronic changes in calbindin (Mr 28,000) mRNA and calbindin concentrations were determined to assess the roles of steroid hormones in calbindin mRNA and calbindin synthesis in the eggshell gland (ESG). The results support an earlier suggestion that calbindin gene expression in the ESG is associated with Ca2+ flux through the ESG. The evidence includes wide oscillation of the mRNA during the diurnal egg cycle, in close temporal association with egg shell calcification. Progesterone (single im injection of 1 mg/kg body weight, BW) prolonged the period of egg formation and reduced the rate of Ca2+ transport and the concentration of calbindin mRNA in the ESG. Dexamethasone (single im injection of 5 mg/kg BW) prolonged the period of egg formation, increased shell Ca2+, and reduced calbindin mRNA in the ESG and intestine. Testosterone (single im injection of 2 mg/kg BW) did not affect calbindin mRNA synthesis in the ESG. The effects of estradiol on the synthesis of calbindin mRNA in the ESG of sexually immature or laying birds were minor, while it affected plasma Ca in the same birds. The antiestrogen Tamoxifen (60 mg/kg BW, given orally) reduced plasma Ca, but did not affect the synthesis of calbindin mRNA in the ESG. The antiprogesterone RU-38486 (20 mg/kg BW, orally) increased shell Ca2+ but had no effect on plasma Ca or the synthesis of calbindin mRNA. It appears that estrogens alone cannot account for the markedly elevated synthesis of calbindin mRNA in the ESG of the laying bird. The hypothesis that the regulatory mechanism for the synthesis of calbindin mRNA in the ESG may involve a stimulator(s), associated with the onset of production, and an oscillating depressor(s) is supported and both appear to be closely linked to the reproductive cycle. The specific in vivo effect of progesterone on calbindin mRNA in the ESG, together with its already known changes during the ovulatory cycle in birds, supports the idea that it is a depressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bar
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Bar A, Striem S, Vax E, Talpaz H, Hurwitz S. Regulation of calbindin mRNA and calbindin turnover in intestine and shell gland of the chicken. Am J Physiol 1992; 262:R800-5. [PMID: 1590473 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.5.r800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic oligonucleotide was used as a probe for measurement of calbindin mRNA in the shell gland and intestine of chickens. The half time of calbindin mRNA in the duodenum and shell gland was estimated at 2 and 3.6 h and that of calbindin at 13.9 and 32.6 h, respectively. The formation rates of calbindin mRNA were 0.37 and 0.17 pmol.h-1.g-1 and the rate of calbindin formation was 0.099 and 0.031 microgram.pmol mRNA-1.h-1 in the duodenum and shell gland, respectively. In the shell gland, calbindin mRNA and calbindin appeared at the time of sexual maturation during calcification of the first egg shell. Calbindin mRNA fluctuated markedly during the daily egg cycle, in close temporal association with egg shell calcification. When Ca2+ deposition was eliminated by expulsion of the ovum, the rise in calbindin mRNA was prevented. An indirect suppression of Ca2+ deposition by administration of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide also resulted in a decrease in calbindin mRNA. The results are consistent with a possible role of Ca2+ flux in the regulation of calbindin mRNA appearance in the shell gland of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bar
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Abstract
1. Eggshell density (mg/cm2) and eggshell gland calbindin decreased in the aged hens. 2. Aged hens which laid eggs with a low shell weight and shell density had significantly lower intestinal and eggshell gland calbindin as compared with those which laid eggs with a high shell weight and shell density. 3. Significant correlations were found in aged hens between duodenal or eggshell calbindin and shell weight or shell density. 4. The results suggest that: (a) aged hens forming light shells absorbed calcium with a lower efficiency than those forming heavy shells or than young hens; (b) the decline in shell density in the aged hens is caused by a physiological calcium deficiency or by a defect in the hens' ability to alter calbindin synthesis in response to calcium needs; (c) in the aged hens, the deposition of calcium into the eggshell is dependent on, or at least associated with, eggshell gland calbindin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bar
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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